JPH03252500A - Flux detergent - Google Patents
Flux detergentInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03252500A JPH03252500A JP5138890A JP5138890A JPH03252500A JP H03252500 A JPH03252500 A JP H03252500A JP 5138890 A JP5138890 A JP 5138890A JP 5138890 A JP5138890 A JP 5138890A JP H03252500 A JPH03252500 A JP H03252500A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- flux
- cleaning agent
- ketones
- alcohols
- fluorinated hydrocarbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004692 perflenapent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000000453 Skin Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002529 flux (metallurgy) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004624 perflexane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、電子部品のはんだ付けの際に使用されるフラ
ックスを除去するのに好適なフラックス洗浄剤に関する
。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a flux cleaning agent suitable for removing flux used in soldering electronic components.
フラックスは、はんだおよびこれを融着する母材表面に
ある酸化被膜を除去し、はんだと母材とのぬれ性を良好
にするためのもので、はんだ付けの良否はフラックスの
性能に左右されると言っても過言ではない。Flux is used to remove the oxide film on the surface of the solder and the base material to which it is fused, improving the wettability between the solder and the base material, and the quality of soldering depends on the performance of the flux. It is no exaggeration to say that.
近年、電子回路基板はその集積度を増しているが、その
回路基板へのはんだ付は方法は、先ず回路基板全面にフ
ラックスを塗布し、次いで基板の塗布面を予熱装置の上
を通過させ、最後に溶融したはんだを接着する。この際
、フラックスは導体金属部分およびはんだの酸化被膜を
除去し、はんだの接着を促進するとともに、フラックス
の一部は劣化して残渣化する。In recent years, the degree of integration of electronic circuit boards has increased, and the method for soldering to circuit boards is to first apply flux to the entire surface of the circuit board, then pass the coated surface of the board over a preheating device. Finally, apply the molten solder. At this time, the flux removes the oxide film of the conductor metal portion and the solder and promotes solder adhesion, and a portion of the flux deteriorates and becomes a residue.
ところでフラックスは、その性能から多少の腐食性を有
し、電子部品を取付けた部分が経時的に腐食され、事故
発生の原因となるので、フラックスおよび残渣（以下−
括してフラックスという）は、溶剤によって完全に除去
することが必要である。By the way, flux has some corrosivity due to its properties, and the parts where electronic parts are attached will corrode over time, causing accidents, so flux and residue (hereinafter -
(collectively referred to as flux) must be completely removed with a solvent.
これに用いられる溶剤の条件は厳しく、液状で毒性が少
なく、基板を損なうことなく、フラックスが完全に除去
される高い溶解力を有することが必要である。The conditions for the solvent used for this are strict: it must be liquid, have little toxicity, and have high dissolving power to completely remove the flux without damaging the substrate.
従来、フラックスの洗浄除去には、有機系溶剤が使用さ
れており、特に１，１．２−トリクロロ−１２，２−ト
リフルオロエタン（以下Ｆ−１１３という）と他の有機
溶剤との混合物が用いられているが、具体的には、Ｆ−
１１３とエチルアルコール Ｆ−１１３とイソプロピル
アルコール、Ｆ−１１３と塩化メチレン等の共沸混合物
が経時的に成分割合の変化がなく、プラスチックスを侵
さずにフラックスを選択的に溶解除去する優れた性質を
するため広く使用されていた。Conventionally, organic solvents have been used to wash and remove flux, and in particular, a mixture of 1,1,2-trichloro-12,2-trifluoroethane (hereinafter referred to as F-113) and other organic solvents has been used. Specifically, F-
Azeotropic mixtures such as F-113 and ethyl alcohol, F-113 and isopropyl alcohol, and F-113 and methylene chloride have excellent properties that do not change the component ratio over time and selectively dissolve and remove flux without damaging plastics. It was widely used to.
しかしながら、近時、Ｆ−１１３は成層圏のオゾン層を
破壊し、それによって地上に達する紫外線の量が増加し
皮膚ガンの発生要因となることが指摘され、これの使用
を全廃することが急務となっている。However, it has recently been pointed out that F-113 destroys the ozone layer in the stratosphere, increasing the amount of ultraviolet rays that reach the ground and causing skin cancer, and there is an urgent need to completely abolish its use. It has become.
そのため、Ｆ−１１３に代わる洗浄剤を得るべく、世界
各国で検討されているが、まだ代替品が見出されていな
いのが現状である。For this reason, countries around the world are trying to find a cleaning agent that can replace F-113, but the current situation is that no substitute has been found yet.
本発明者等は、フラックスの溶解除去性に優れたＦ−１
１３系溶剤に代わり得て、しかもオゾン層破壊の懸念の
ないフラックス洗浄剤を得べく、鋭意研究した結果、特
定の分子構造を有するフッ化炭化水素がこれに該当する
ことを発見した。The present inventors have developed F-1, which has excellent flux dissolution and removal properties.
As a result of intensive research in order to obtain a flux cleaning agent that can replace 13-based solvents and is free from concerns about ozone layer depletion, they discovered that fluorinated hydrocarbons with a specific molecular structure fall under this category.
本発明は上記の発見に基づいてなされたもので、フラッ
クス洗浄剤としてＦ−１１３系溶剤に比べて同等、或は
それ以上の性能を有し、しかもオゾン層を破壊する心配
のないフラックス洗浄剤を提供することを目的とする。The present invention was made based on the above discovery, and is a flux cleaning agent that has the same or better performance than F-113 solvents and is free from the risk of destroying the ozone layer. The purpose is to provide
上記の目的を達成するため、本発明のフラックス洗浄剤
は、下記一般式（１）で表されるフッ化炭化水素を主成
分とするフラックス洗浄剤であって、アルコール類、ケ
トン類、エステル類、塩素化炭化水素類のうち少なくと
も一種類を１０〜５０ｗｔ％含有する。In order to achieve the above object, the flux cleaning agent of the present invention is a flux cleaning agent whose main component is a fluorinated hydrocarbon represented by the following general formula (1), and which contains alcohols, ketones, and esters. , 10 to 50 wt% of at least one kind of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
ＣＨ、Ｆ 、、（ＣＦ 、）、ＣＨ、Ｆ 、、−−−（
１）ＣＨｘＦ３或は４、Ｘは０〜３−ｙは○〜３−また
Ｘ、ｙは０〜３の整数、ｙはない。）はない。）
〔実施例〕
本発明に用いられるフッ化炭化水素としては、例工１ｆ
ｌＨ−バーフルオロペンタン［ＣＨＦ。CH,F,,(CF,),CH,F,,---(
1) CHxF3 or 4; ) is not. ) [Example] As the fluorinated hydrocarbon used in the present invention, Example 1f
lH-berfluoropentane [CHF.
（ＣＦｚ）ｓｃＦ＊：］ 、］ＩＨ−パーフルオロヘキ
サンＣＨＦ、（ＣＦ、）、ＣＦ、） 、ＬＨ，５Ｈ−パ
ーフルオロペンタン［ＣＨＦ、（ＣＦ、）、ＣＨＦｆｆ
１〕、ｌＨ，６Ｈ−パーフルオロへ牛サン［ＣＨＦｔ（
ＣＦ、）、ＣＨＦ、） 、ＩＨ，ＩＨ，５Ｈ−パーフル
オロペンタン［ＣＨ，Ｆ（ＣＦ、）ｓＣＨＦ、）等があ
げられる。(CFz)scF*: ] , ]IH-perfluorohexane CHF, (CF, ), CF, ) , LH,5H-perfluoropentane [CHF, (CF, ), CHFff
1], lH, 6H-perfluorinated beef san [CHFt(
CF,), CHF,), IH, IH, 5H-perfluoropentane [CH,F(CF,)sCHF,), and the like.
これらのフッ化炭化水素は、米国特許３７２９５６７号
、ドイツ特許２０６００４１号に従って、対応するアル
コールやハロゲン化合物から合成することができる。These fluorinated hydrocarbons can be synthesized from the corresponding alcohols and halogen compounds according to US Pat. No. 3,729,567 and German Patent No. 2,060,041.
本発明のフラックス洗浄剤において、フッ化炭化水素と
混合されるアルコール類、ケトン類等の溶剤としては、
種々あるが特にアルコール類においてはメタノール、エ
タノール、イソプロピルアルコール、ケトン類において
はアセトン、エステル類においては、酢酸エチル、塩素
化炭化水素においては、塩化メチレンが好ましい。In the flux cleaning agent of the present invention, solvents such as alcohols and ketones that are mixed with fluorinated hydrocarbons include:
Although there are various examples, methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol are particularly preferred for alcohols, acetone is preferred for ketones, ethyl acetate is preferred for esters, and methylene chloride is preferred for chlorinated hydrocarbons.
また、フッ化炭化水素と混合される上記溶剤の洗浄剤中
の割合は、１０〜５０ｗｔ％である。上記溶剤の割合が
１０ｗｔ％未満では洗浄能力が不足し、５０ｗｔ％を越
えると、選択的溶解性が低下する。Further, the proportion of the above-mentioned solvent mixed with the fluorinated hydrocarbon in the cleaning agent is 10 to 50 wt%. If the proportion of the solvent is less than 10 wt%, the cleaning ability will be insufficient, and if it exceeds 50 wt%, the selective solubility will decrease.
実施例１〜９．比較例１〜１５
（ａ） フラックスの洗浄、
フェノール樹脂銅張積層板に市販のフラックス（タムラ
製作所製、ＣＦ−２２０Ｖ、まタハＢ −１１１Ｒ）を
それぞれ塗布し、１００″Ｃで２分間乾燥した後、２５
０℃で１０分間焼付けて試験片を作成した。これを種々
な配合の洗浄剤に、それぞれ２分間浸漬洗浄した後、目
視によってフラックスの除去された程度を観察した。Examples 1-9. Comparative Examples 1 to 15 (a) Flux cleaning: Commercially available fluxes (CF-220V, Mataha B-111R, manufactured by Tamura Seisakusho) were applied to phenolic resin copper-clad laminates, and dried at 100"C for 2 minutes. After, 25
A test piece was prepared by baking at 0°C for 10 minutes. The pieces were immersed and cleaned in cleaning agents of various formulations for 2 minutes, and then the extent to which the flux had been removed was visually observed.
（ｂ） フェノール樹脂の膨潤テスト耐圧ガラス瓶に
種々な配合のフラックス洗浄剤を入れ、フェノール樹脂
の試験片（５Ｘ５０Ｘ２■）の重量をそれぞれ測定した
後浸漬し、２５°Ｃで４８時間放置してこれを取呂し、
表面に付着している洗浄剤を拭きとり、ただちに重量を
測定し、浸漬による重量の増加を求めた。(b) Swelling test of phenolic resin Fill a pressure-resistant glass bottle with flux cleaning agents of various formulations, measure the weight of each phenolic resin test piece (5 x 50 x 2), immerse it, and leave it at 25°C for 48 hours. Take a look,
The cleaning agent adhering to the surface was wiped off and the weight was immediately measured to determine the increase in weight due to immersion.
（ａ）および（ｂ）の結果を一括して第１表に示す。The results of (a) and (b) are collectively shown in Table 1.
なお、参考のため、従来フラックス洗浄剤であるＦ−１
１３とエタノールの混合洗浄剤、およびＦ−１１３’、
フッ化炭化水素単体を洗浄剤とした場合を併記した。For reference, F-1, which is a conventional flux cleaning agent, is shown below.
13 and ethanol mixed cleaning agent, and F-113',
The case where a single fluorinated hydrocarbon is used as a cleaning agent is also shown.
（以
下
余
白）
〔発明の効果〕
以上述べたように、本発明に係るフラックス洗浄剤は、
従来広く使用されているＦ−１１３系洗浄剤と同等の性
能を有し、しかもオゾン層を破壊しないので、Ｆ−１１
３系洗浄剤が使用出来なくなった場合、電子部品製造業
界の苦境を解消するものとして、極めて価値の高いもの
である。(The following is a blank space) [Effects of the invention] As described above, the flux cleaning agent according to the present invention has the following effects:
F-11 has the same performance as the conventionally widely used F-113 cleaning agent, and does not destroy the ozone layer.
This product is extremely valuable as a solution to the predicament of the electronic component manufacturing industry when the Type 3 cleaning agent becomes unusable.
Claims (1)
フラックス洗浄剤であって、アルコール類、ケトン類、
エステル類、塩素化炭化水素類のうち少なくとも一種類
を１０〜５０ｗｔ％含有することを特徴とするフラック
ス洗浄剤。 ＣＨ＿ｘＦ＿３＿−＿ｘ（ＣＦ＿２）＿ｎＣＨ＿ｙＦ＿
３＿−＿ｙ（但し、ｎは３或は４、ｘは０〜３の整数、
ｙは０〜３の整数、またｘ，ｙは同時に０となることは
ない。）[Scope of Claims] A flux cleaning agent whose main component is a fluorinated hydrocarbon represented by the following general formula, which contains alcohols, ketones,
A flux cleaning agent characterized by containing 10 to 50 wt% of at least one of esters and chlorinated hydrocarbons. CH_xF_3_-_x(CF_2)_nCH_yF_
3_-_y (where n is 3 or 4, x is an integer from 0 to 3,
y is an integer from 0 to 3, and x and y are never 0 at the same time. )
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5138890A JPH03252500A (en) | 1990-03-02 | 1990-03-02 | Flux detergent |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5138890A JPH03252500A (en) | 1990-03-02 | 1990-03-02 | Flux detergent |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03252500A true JPH03252500A (en) | 1991-11-11 |
Family
ID=12885559
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5138890A Pending JPH03252500A (en) | 1990-03-02 | 1990-03-02 | Flux detergent |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03252500A (en) |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0519432A2 (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-23 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Azeotrope-like mixture of 2-propanol and 1H-perfluorohexane |
| EP0519431A2 (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-23 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Azeotrope-like mixture of methanol and 1H-perfluorohexane |
| US5225099A (en) * | 1992-03-16 | 1993-07-06 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 4-trifluoromethyl-1,1,1,2,2,3,3,5,5,5-decafluoropentane |
| JPH05267825A (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1993-10-15 | Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd | Manufacture of pre-coated board |
| US5259983A (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1993-11-09 | Allied Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1-H-perfluorohexane and trifluoroethanol or n-propanol |
| US5288422A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-02-22 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-octafluoropentane, chlorinated ethylenes, and optionally nitromethane |
| US5290473A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-03-01 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositons of 1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-octafluoropentane, C1-C5 alkanol and optionally nitromethane |
| US5346645A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1994-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Desiccant composition and a method of desiccating articles |
| US5352375A (en) * | 1993-08-17 | 1994-10-04 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,-heptafluoropentane, C1 -C3 alkanol and optionally nitromethane |
| WO1995011293A1 (en) * | 1993-10-18 | 1995-04-27 | Ag Technology Co., Ltd. | Mixed solvent composition |
| WO1996012571A1 (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-05-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cleaning agent, method and equipment |
| US5514221A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1996-05-07 | Elf Atochem North America, Inc. | Cold cleaning process |
| US5552080A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1996-09-03 | Elf Atochem North America, Inc. | Cold cleaning solvents |
| EP0784238A1 (en) * | 1996-01-15 | 1997-07-16 | SOLVAY (Société Anonyme) | Fixing of toner by gaseous hydrofluorocarbon compositions and said compositions |
-
1990
- 1990-03-02 JP JP5138890A patent/JPH03252500A/en active Pending
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5346645A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1994-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Desiccant composition and a method of desiccating articles |
| EP0519431A2 (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-23 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Azeotrope-like mixture of methanol and 1H-perfluorohexane |
| US5266232A (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1993-11-30 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Azeotrope-like mixture of methanol and 1H-perfluorohexane |
| US5266231A (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1993-11-30 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Azeotrope-like mixture of 2-propanol and 1H-perfluorohexane |
| EP0519432A2 (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-23 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Azeotrope-like mixture of 2-propanol and 1H-perfluorohexane |
| US5225099A (en) * | 1992-03-16 | 1993-07-06 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 4-trifluoromethyl-1,1,1,2,2,3,3,5,5,5-decafluoropentane |
| JPH05267825A (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1993-10-15 | Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd | Manufacture of pre-coated board |
| US5259983A (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1993-11-09 | Allied Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1-H-perfluorohexane and trifluoroethanol or n-propanol |
| US5288422A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-02-22 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-octafluoropentane, chlorinated ethylenes, and optionally nitromethane |
| US5290473A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-03-01 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositons of 1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-octafluoropentane, C1-C5 alkanol and optionally nitromethane |
| US5514221A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1996-05-07 | Elf Atochem North America, Inc. | Cold cleaning process |
| US5552080A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1996-09-03 | Elf Atochem North America, Inc. | Cold cleaning solvents |
| US5352375A (en) * | 1993-08-17 | 1994-10-04 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,-heptafluoropentane, C1 -C3 alkanol and optionally nitromethane |
| WO1995011293A1 (en) * | 1993-10-18 | 1995-04-27 | Ag Technology Co., Ltd. | Mixed solvent composition |
| US5648325A (en) * | 1993-10-18 | 1997-07-15 | Ag Technology Co., Ltd. | Mixed solvent composition with 1-H-perfluorohexane, methanol or ethanol, and optionally a hydrocarbon |
| WO1996012571A1 (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-05-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cleaning agent, method and equipment |
| EP0784238A1 (en) * | 1996-01-15 | 1997-07-16 | SOLVAY (Société Anonyme) | Fixing of toner by gaseous hydrofluorocarbon compositions and said compositions |
| BE1009964A3 (en) * | 1996-01-15 | 1997-11-04 | Solvay | Method for fixing a toner unit in print or reproduction of documents and composition for use in the method. |
| US5714298A (en) * | 1996-01-15 | 1998-02-03 | Solvay (Societe Anonyme) | Method for fixing a toner in a copier and compositions used in this method |
| AU722458B2 (en) * | 1996-01-15 | 2000-08-03 | Solvay (Societe Anonyme) | Method for fixing a toner in a document printer or copier and compositions which can be used in this method |
| EP1760535A3 (en) * | 1996-01-15 | 2007-04-18 | SOLVAY (Société Anonyme) | Method for fixing toner in a document printing or reproducing device and compositions that can be used in this method |
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