JPH03230002A - Steam boiler - Google Patents
Steam boilerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03230002A JPH03230002A JP2265580A JP26558090A JPH03230002A JP H03230002 A JPH03230002 A JP H03230002A JP 2265580 A JP2265580 A JP 2265580A JP 26558090 A JP26558090 A JP 26558090A JP H03230002 A JPH03230002 A JP H03230002A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- coal
- boiler
- semi
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010742 number 1 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は、石炭を燃料とする蒸気ボイラの改良に係り、
とりわけ、半燃焼ガス化炉又は半燃焼ガス化流動床炉と
ボイラの燃焼室とを直結した蒸気ボイラに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an improvement of a steam boiler using coal as fuel,
In particular, the present invention relates to a steam boiler in which a semi-combustion gasification furnace or a semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace is directly connected to a combustion chamber of the boiler.
（従来の技術） 最近、石油価格の高騰と価格不安定の問題から。(Conventional technology) Recently, due to the problem of soaring oil prices and price instability.
供給量が無尽蔵で安定供給できると共に価格的にも安価
な石炭が燃料として見直されてきている。Coal is being reconsidered as a fuel because it is inexhaustible, stable, and inexpensive.
そこで、蒸気ボイラに於いても、従来から使われていた
微粉炭焚ボイラやストーカ焚ボイラや流動床ボイラが復
活されて来ている。Therefore, among steam boilers, the conventionally used pulverized coal-fired boilers, stoker-fired boilers, and fluidized bed boilers are being revived.
とりわけ、この中でも流動床ボイラは４低温燃焼に依る
低ＮＯｘ化と石炭混入に依る脱硫が可能な事から他の型
式のボイラより注目されている。In particular, fluidized bed boilers are attracting more attention than other types of boilers because they are capable of reducing NOx through low-temperature combustion and desulfurization through coal mixing.
ところが、流動床ボイラは、実際に於いては次の様な難
点があった。However, in practice, fluidized bed boilers have the following drawbacks.
（１）低温燃焼に依る為に未燃炭の飛散が多く、燃焼効
率が低い。(1) Because it relies on low-temperature combustion, there is a lot of unburned coal scattering, resulting in low combustion efficiency.
飛散した未燃炭は、揮発分が燃焼したり残りの固定炭素
と灰とから成っているのでそのままでは再燃焼が難しく
、これ専用の高温流動床を別途必要とする。Since the scattered unburnt coal consists of combusted volatile matter and remaining fixed carbon and ash, it is difficult to re-burn it as it is, and a high-temperature fluidized bed specifically for this purpose is required.
（２）給炭は、上方からスプレッダに依り散布する方法
と、炉床から空気輸送に依って押込む方法があるが、前
者は、均一散布が必要であって散布状態が片寄ると燃焼
に支障を来すと共に、後者は、空気輸送管の摩耗が激し
く構造も複雑である。(2) There are two methods for feeding coal: one is to spread it from above using a spreader, and the other is to push it in from the hearth using air transport. However, the former requires uniform distribution, and uneven distribution can interfere with combustion. In addition, in the latter case, the air transport pipe is subject to severe wear and the structure is complicated.
（３）大きな固形石炭が投入された時には、炉底に溜っ
て完全燃焼が難しく、取出も困難である。(3) When large pieces of solid coal are introduced, they accumulate at the bottom of the furnace, making complete combustion difficult and difficult to remove.
（４）内部には、温度を下げる為に層内伝熱管が設けら
れるが、これが摩耗し易く、その対策が難しい。(4) Inside, an interlayer heat exchanger tube is provided to lower the temperature, but this easily wears out, and it is difficult to take countermeasures against this.
（５）流動用の空気を高圧にせねばならないので、高圧
ブロワの消費動力が大きい。(5) Since the flowing air must be at high pressure, the power consumption of the high-pressure blower is large.
（６）部分負荷に対応する為に内部を仕切らねばならず
、大型になるほど構造が複雑になる。(6) The inside must be partitioned to accommodate partial loads, and the larger the size, the more complex the structure.
そこで１本発明者は、前記の様な流動床ボイラの難点を
解決する為に、第２図に示すテスト装置５０を作成して
実験を行なった。Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned difficulties with the fluidized bed boiler, the present inventor created a test device 50 shown in FIG. 2 and conducted an experiment.
第２図に於て、５１は石炭供給フィーダ、５２はロート
状の半燃焼ガス化炉、５３は空気ノズル、５４は高圧ブ
ロワ、５５は煙道、５６はサイクロン、５７はボックス
、５８は燃焼室、５９は押込通風機、６０は二次空気ノ
ズル、６１は煙突である。In Fig. 2, 51 is a coal supply feeder, 52 is a funnel-shaped semi-combustion gasifier, 53 is an air nozzle, 54 is a high-pressure blower, 55 is a flue, 56 is a cyclone, 57 is a box, and 58 is a combustion chamber. 59 is a forced draft fan, 60 is a secondary air nozzle, and 61 is a chimney.
而して、約７ｍａ＋以下に粗砕した石炭を石炭供給フィ
ーダ５１に依り半燃焼ガス化炉５２に供給し、高圧ブロ
ワ５４に依り空気を半燃焼ガス化炉５２の炉底部分に設
けた空気ノズル５３から求心方向に吹込む。Coal crushed to about 7 ma+ or less is supplied to the semi-combustion gasifier 52 through the coal supply feeder 51, and air is supplied to the bottom of the semi-combustion gasifier 52 using the high-pressure blower 54. Blows in from the nozzle 53 in a centripetal direction.
最初は、半燃焼ガス化炉５２に設けた始動用の重油バー
ナ（図示せず）に依り重油を燃焼させ。Initially, heavy oil is burned by a starting heavy oil burner (not shown) provided in the semi-combustion gasifier 52.
次に石炭の一部と重油との混焼状態にし１石炭の一部が
約９００℃で燃焼し始めると重油バーナを切る。Next, a part of the coal and heavy oil are co-fired, and when a part of the coal starts to burn at about 900°C, the heavy oil burner is turned off.
半燃焼ガス化炉５２には、石炭の燃焼に必要な全空気量
より少ない空気しか供給しないので、炉内では石炭の一
部の燃焼に依り石炭の残部が熱分解し、これに依り発生
したガスが煙道５６からサイクロン５６を経て燃焼室５
８へ噴出され、ここで押込通風機５９からの二次空気が
二次空気ノズル６０を経て与えられる事に依りガス燃焼
し、煙突６１から放出される。サイクロン５６で捕集さ
れた媒塵は、その下のボックス５７内に溜る。Since the semi-combustion gasifier 52 is supplied with less air than the total amount of air required for burning the coal, the remaining part of the coal is thermally decomposed due to the combustion of a part of the coal in the furnace, and this causes the generation of Gas passes through the flue 56, passes through the cyclone 56, and enters the combustion chamber 5.
Here, the secondary air from the forced draft fan 59 is applied through the secondary air nozzle 60 to combust the gas, and the gas is discharged from the chimney 61. The dust collected by the cyclone 56 accumulates in a box 57 below it.
この様なテスト装置５０は、実験の結果１次の人 様な利琳がある事が判明した。Such a test device 50 can be used as a first-order person as a result of an experiment. It turns out that there is a similar Ririn.
（１）供給する石炭の粒度は、約７Ｗ以下という様に可
成り大きいが、サイクロンで捕集された媒塵は、サブミ
クロンと呼ばれる細かい粒径のものばかりである。(1) Although the particle size of the supplied coal is quite large, about 7W or less, the particle size of the dust collected by the cyclone is mostly small particle size called submicron.
何故なら、微粉炭の様にミルクで粉砕しなくでも、半燃
焼ガス化炉内で熱分解中に自動的に粉破されて非常に細
かい粒子となるからである。This is because, unlike pulverized coal, it is not pulverized with milk, but is automatically pulverized into very fine particles during thermal decomposition in a semi-combustion gasifier.
つまり、半燃焼ガス化炉は、ミルの役目を果たすと共に
、ミル様な大きな動力と複雑な付属機器システムを必要
としない。In other words, a semi-combustion gasifier fulfills the role of a mill, and does not require large amounts of power and complicated accessory equipment systems.
（２）給炭の均一散布や炉床からの押込の必要がない。(2) There is no need for uniform distribution of coal feed or pushing it from the hearth.
つまり、半燃焼ガス化炉は、ロート状を呈しているので
１石炭供給フィーダに依り単に供給すれば良い。In other words, since the semi-combustion gasifier has a funnel shape, it is sufficient to simply supply coal using one coal supply feeder.
（３）半燃焼ガス化炉の温度コントロールは、約９００
℃を保つ様に空気ノズルからの空気量を調節すれば良く
、複雑な層内伝熱管を必要としない。(3) Temperature control of semi-combustion gasifier is approximately 900
It is only necessary to adjust the amount of air from the air nozzle to maintain the temperature at °C, and there is no need for complicated interlayer heat exchanger tubes.
（４）石炭の燃焼に必要な全空気量を供給せずに。(4) without providing the entire amount of air required for coal combustion.
部分燃焼に必要な空気を供給すれば良いので、高圧ブロ
ワの容量が小さくて済み、消費動力も少なくなる。Since it is sufficient to supply the air necessary for partial combustion, the capacity of the high-pressure blower can be small, and power consumption is also reduced.
（５）部分負荷に対して内部を仕切ったり或は複雑な構
造にする必要がなく、石炭と空気の供給量を調節するだ
けで良い。(5) There is no need to partition the interior or create a complicated structure for partial loads, and it is only necessary to adjust the amounts of coal and air supplied.
（６）熱分解に依り発生したガスは、低カロリーガスに
属するが、約１０００−１２００Ｋｃａ ｌ／ Ｎ ｒ
ｎ’あり、充分自燃で燃焼が可能である。(6) The gas generated by thermal decomposition belongs to low calorie gas, but has a value of about 1000-1200Kcal/Nr.
There is n', and combustion is possible with sufficient self-combustion.
（７）半燃焼ガス化炉内では、完全なる還元反応が行な
われるのでＮＯｘの発生はないと共に、燃焼室での再燃
焼時にはガス燃焼であるので低ＮＯｘ運転が容易に行な
える。(7) Since a complete reduction reaction takes place in the semi-combustion gasifier, no NOx is generated, and since gas combustion is used during reburning in the combustion chamber, low NOx operation can be easily performed.
この様にテスト装置は、従来の流動床ボイラに比較して
上述の利点がある事が判明したが、実際に応用する場合
には次の様な問題があった。Although the test device was found to have the above-mentioned advantages over the conventional fluidized bed boiler, it had the following problems when actually applied.
（１）テスト装置のサイクロンで捕集した媒塵は、非常
に粒子が細かく、空中に放置するだけで自由に飛散する
。(1) The dust collected by the cyclone in the test device is extremely fine and will scatter freely if left in the air.
従って、これを処分する際には取扱いが困難であると共
に、揮発分が殆どない固定炭素と灰とから成っているの
でこのままでは再ガス化が難しい。Therefore, it is difficult to handle when disposing of it, and since it consists of fixed carbon and ash with almost no volatile content, it is difficult to regasify it as it is.
この為に、テスト装置の様にサイクロンを用いるのは問
題である。For this reason, it is problematic to use a cyclone as a test device.
（２）他方、−船釣なガス化炉では、熱分解に依つて発
生したガスを洗浄する事に依り媒塵を取除いてクリーン
ガスとし、これを燃料として使用している。(2) On the other hand, in a boat-type gasifier, the gas generated by thermal decomposition is cleaned to remove dust and become clean gas, which is used as fuel.
ところが、洗浄に依り比較的発熱量の高い媒塵が除去さ
れると共に、発生ガス自身の保有熱量が可成り削減され
るので熱量のロスが多く。However, cleaning removes dust particles with a relatively high calorific value and considerably reduces the amount of heat held by the generated gas itself, resulting in a large amount of heat loss.
然も、洗浄後の洗浄水を処理する為に設備と運転の費用
が多く掛るという問題があった。However, there is a problem in that the equipment and operation costs are high in order to treat the wash water after washing.
（発明が解決しようとする課題）
本発明は、叙上の問題点に鑑み、これを解消する為に創
案されたもので、その目的とする処は。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention was devised in view of the above-mentioned problems and to solve them, and its purpose is as follows.
石炭を粗砕して供給するだけでこれを完全に燃焼でき、
熱損失が極めて少ない蒸気ボイラを提供するにある。By simply supplying coarsely crushed coal, it can be completely combusted.
To provide a steam boiler with extremely low heat loss.
（問題点を解決するための手段）
本発明の蒸気ボイラは、粗砕した石炭を供給する石炭供
給フィーダと；石炭供給フィーダからの石炭の一部を燃
焼させてガス化に必要な温度に保ちつつ石炭の残部を熱
分解に依り固定炭素を主体とする媒塵とガスとを発生さ
せるロート状の半燃焼ガス化炉又は半燃焼ガス化流動床
炉と；半燃焼ガス化炉又は半燃焼ガス化流動床炉内の石
炭の流動と熱分解に必要な空気を噴出させる空気ノズル
と、半燃焼ガス化炉又は半燃焼ガス化流動床炉にその燃
焼室が直結されてここで半燃焼ガス化炉又は半燃焼ガス
化流動床炉からの媒塵とガスとを同時にガス燃焼させる
ボイラと、ボイラの燃焼室でのガス燃焼に必要な二次空
気を噴出さ・せる二次空気ノズルとから構成した事に特
徴が存する。(Means for Solving the Problems) The steam boiler of the present invention includes a coal supply feeder that supplies coarsely crushed coal; a part of the coal from the coal supply feeder is combusted to keep it at a temperature necessary for gasification; A funnel-shaped semi-combustion gasification furnace or a semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace that generates dust and gas mainly consisting of fixed carbon by thermally decomposing the remainder of the coal; An air nozzle blows out the air necessary for coal flow and thermal decomposition in the fluidized bed furnace, and its combustion chamber is directly connected to a semi-combustion gasification furnace or a semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace, where the semi-combustion gasification takes place. Consisting of a boiler that simultaneously burns dust and gas from a furnace or semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace, and a secondary air nozzle that blows out the secondary air necessary for gas combustion in the combustion chamber of the boiler. There are characteristics in what you do.
つまり２石炭の一部を燃焼させると共にその燃焼に依り
石炭の残部を熱分解させる半燃焼ガス化炉又は半燃焼ガ
ス化流動床炉と、燃焼室を備えたボイラとを組合せたも
のである。In other words, it is a combination of a semi-combustion gasification furnace or a semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace that burns a portion of two coals and thermally decomposes the remainder of the coal through the combustion, and a boiler equipped with a combustion chamber.
（作用）
半燃焼ガス化炉又は半燃焼ガス化流動床炉内には、石炭
供給フィーダに依って粗砕された石炭が供給されると共
に、空気ノズルに依って空気が噴出される。(Operation) Into the semi-combustion gasifier or semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace, coarsely crushed coal is supplied by a coal supply feeder, and air is blown out by an air nozzle.
半燃焼ガス化炉又は半燃焼ガス化流動床炉内では、空気
ノズルから噴出する空気に依って石炭が流動すると共に
、石炭の一部が燃焼する事に依りガス化に必要な温度に
保たれ、これに依り石炭の残部が熱分解される。In a semi-combustion gasifier or a semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace, the coal is fluidized by the air ejected from the air nozzle, and a portion of the coal is combusted to maintain the temperature required for gasification. , whereby the remainder of the coal is thermally decomposed.
熱分解されると、固定炭素を主体とした媒塵とガスが発
生し、これらはボイラの燃焼室に送られる。When it is thermally decomposed, it generates dust and gas, mainly consisting of fixed carbon, which are sent to the combustion chamber of the boiler.
ボイラの燃焼室では、二次空気ノズルから送られた二次
空気に依り前記媒塵とガスとが同時にガス燃焼される。In the combustion chamber of the boiler, the dust and gas are simultaneously burned by secondary air sent from a secondary air nozzle.
そして、ガス燃焼に依り発生した燃焼ガスに依すボイラ
内に於いて蒸気が発生する。Then, steam is generated in the boiler due to the combustion gas generated by gas combustion.
（実施例） 以下、本発明の実施例を１図面に基づいて説明する。(Example) Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on one drawing.
第１図は、本発明の第１実施例に係る蒸気ボイラの概要
構造を示す略式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the general structure of a steam boiler according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
蒸気ボイラ１は、石炭供給フィーダ２、半燃焼ガス化炉
３、空気ノズル４、ボイラ５、二次空気ノズル６とから
その主要部が構成されている。The main parts of the steam boiler 1 include a coal supply feeder 2, a semi-combustion gasifier 3, an air nozzle 4, a boiler 5, and a secondary air nozzle 6.
石炭供給フィーダ２は、粗砕した石炭を供給するもので
、半燃焼ガス化炉３の中程側部に設けられている。The coal supply feeder 2 supplies coarsely crushed coal, and is provided at the middle side of the semi-combustion gasifier 3.
半燃焼ガス化炉３は、石炭供給フィーダ２からの石炭の
一部を燃焼させてガス化に必要な温度に保ちつつ石炭の
残部を熱分解する事に依り固定炭素を主体とした媒塵と
ガスとを発生させるロート状のものであり、炉内温度は
、約９００℃に保たれる。The semi-combustion gasifier 3 burns a part of the coal from the coal supply feeder 2, maintains the temperature required for gasification, and thermally decomposes the remaining part of the coal, thereby converting it into a medium mainly consisting of fixed carbon. The furnace is funnel-shaped and generates gas, and the temperature inside the furnace is maintained at approximately 900°C.
空気ノズル４は、半燃焼ガス化炉３内の石炭の流動と熱
分解に必要な空気を噴出させるものであり、半燃焼ガス
化炉３の下部とこれより上方の側部とに設けられている
。The air nozzle 4 blows out the air necessary for the flow and thermal decomposition of coal in the semi-combustion gasifier 3, and is provided at the lower part of the semi-combustion gasifier 3 and the side part above this. There is.
ボイラ５は、半燃焼ガス化炉３にその燃焼室７が直結さ
れてここで半燃焼ガス化炉３からの媒塵とガスとを同時
にガス燃焼させるものであり、燃焼室７のほかに過熱器
８、ボイラ本体９．エコノマイザ１０．エアヒータ１１
を備えて居り、燃焼室７と半燃焼ガス化炉３の上部とは
煙道１２に依り連結されている。The boiler 5 has a combustion chamber 7 directly connected to the semi-combustion gasifier 3 and burns the dust and gas from the semi-combustion gasifier 3 at the same time. vessel 8, boiler body 9. Economizer 10. Air heater 11
The combustion chamber 7 and the upper part of the semi-combustion gasifier 3 are connected by a flue 12.
二次空気ノズル６は、ボイラ５の燃焼室７でのガス燃焼
に必要な二次空気を噴出させるもので、燃焼室７と煙道
１２との繋ぎ部分と、これより下方の燃焼室７の側部と
に夫々設けられている。The secondary air nozzle 6 blows out the secondary air necessary for gas combustion in the combustion chamber 7 of the boiler 5, and is used at the joint between the combustion chamber 7 and the flue 12, and at the combustion chamber 7 below. They are provided on each side.
１３は集塵器、１４は誘引通風機、１５は煙突、１６は
押込通風機、１７は高圧ブロワ、１８はガス再循環通風
機、１９〜２５は配管である。13 is a dust collector, 14 is an induced draft fan, 15 is a chimney, 16 is a forced draft fan, 17 is a high pressure blower, 18 is a gas recirculation draft fan, and 19 to 25 are piping.
石炭は、約７０１１以下に粗砕されて石炭供給フィーダ
２に依り半燃焼ガス化炉３内に供給される。The coal is crushed to about 7011 particles or less and is fed into the semi-combustion gasifier 3 by the coal supply feeder 2.
一方、押込通風機１６からの空気は、エアヒータ１１で
熱風と為された後に高圧ブロワ１７に依り昇圧されて空
気ノズル４から半燃焼ガス化炉３内の下部に噴出される
。On the other hand, the air from the forced draft fan 16 is converted into hot air by the air heater 11 and then pressurized by the high-pressure blower 17 and is ejected from the air nozzle 4 to the lower part of the semi-combustion gasifier 3.
最初は、半燃焼ガス化炉３に設けた始動用の重油バーナ
（図示せず）で重油を燃焼させ、次に石炭の一部と重油
との混焼状態にし、石炭の一部が約９００℃で燃焼し始
めると１重油バーナを切る。First, heavy oil is burned in a starting heavy oil burner (not shown) installed in the semi-combustion gasifier 3, and then part of the coal and heavy oil are co-fired, so that part of the coal reaches a temperature of approximately 900°C. When it starts to burn, turn off the single fuel oil burner.
空気ノズル４からの空気は１石炭の燃焼に必要な全空気
量より少ないものしか供給しないので、半燃焼ガス化炉
３内では石炭の一部が燃焼して約９００℃の温度に保た
れ、これに依り石炭の残部が熱分解される６
熱分解中は、空気ノズル４からの空気の噴出に依り粒子
の大きい石炭が何回も上下しながら流動して自動的に粉
砕され、固定炭素を主体にした媒塵とガスとになる。Since the air from the air nozzle 4 is less than the total amount of air required for combustion of one coal, part of the coal is burned in the semi-combustion gasifier 3 and the temperature is maintained at about 900°C. As a result, the remainder of the coal is thermally decomposed6.During thermal decomposition, the large-particle coal flows up and down many times due to air jets from the air nozzle 4, and is automatically pulverized to remove fixed carbon. It becomes mainly dust and gas.
半燃焼ガス化炉３で発生した媒塵とガスとは。What are the dust and gas generated in the semi-combustion gasifier 3?
煙道１２を経てボイラ５の燃焼室７内に噴出される。It is ejected into the combustion chamber 7 of the boiler 5 through the flue 12.
この時、押込通風機１６から供給された二次空気が二次
空気ノズル６から噴出して接触するので。At this time, the secondary air supplied from the forced draft fan 16 is ejected from the secondary air nozzle 6 and comes into contact with it.
ガス燃焼が起る。Gas combustion occurs.
ガス燃焼した燃焼ガスは、ボイラ５の過熱器８→ボイラ
本体９→エコノマイザ１０→エアヒータ１１→集塵器１
３→誘引通風機１４→煙突１５を経て排出される。The burned combustion gas is transferred to the superheater 8 of the boiler 5 → the boiler body 9 → the economizer 10 → the air heater 11 → the dust collector 1
3 → induced draft fan 14 → exhaust through chimney 15.
他方、集塵器１３の出口からの一部のガスは。On the other hand, some gas from the outlet of the precipitator 13.
配管２３→ガス再循環通風機１８→配管２４→高圧ブロ
ワ１７→配管２１を経て空気ノズル４に供給されると共
に、ガス再循環通風機１８から配管２４→配管２５を経
て二次空気ノズル６に供給され、低ＮＯｘ化を図る様に
している。It is supplied to the air nozzle 4 via the pipe 23 → gas recirculation fan 18 → pipe 24 → high pressure blower 17 → pipe 21, and from the gas recirculation fan 18 to the secondary air nozzle 6 via the pipe 24 → pipe 25. The system is designed to reduce NOx emissions.
尚、大型ボイラになった場合には、バランス上、ロート
状の半燃焼ガス化炉３とボイラ５との一体化が困難にな
る恐れがある。In addition, in the case of a large-sized boiler, it may become difficult to integrate the funnel-shaped semi-combustion gasifier 3 and the boiler 5 due to balance considerations.
従って、この様な場合には、第３図に示す如く、角型の
半燃焼ガス化流動床炉３′とボイラ５とを一体化してコ
ンパクトな設計にするのが望ましい。Therefore, in such a case, it is desirable to integrate the rectangular semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace 3' and the boiler 5 into a compact design as shown in FIG.
即ち、第３図は本発明の第２実施例を示すものであり、
図に於いて２は石炭ホッパ２６とロータリダンパ２７と
スクリュフィーダ２８と石炭投射装置２９とから成る石
炭供給フィーダ、３′は角型の半燃焼ガス化流動床炉、
４は管寄せ３０を備えた流動用の空気ノズルである。That is, FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention,
In the figure, 2 is a coal supply feeder consisting of a coal hopper 26, a rotary damper 27, a screw feeder 28, and a coal projection device 29, 3' is a square semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace,
4 is a flow air nozzle equipped with a header 30.
３１は砂と灰の排出装置、３２は篩装置、３３は固形物
取出用水封コンベア、３４は砂再投入装置、３５は灰排
出用水封コンベアであり、その他は第１図と同様である
。31 is a sand and ash discharge device, 32 is a sieve device, 33 is a water-sealed conveyor for taking out solids, 34 is a sand re-feeding device, 35 is a water-sealed conveyor for ash discharge, and the other parts are the same as those in FIG.
この様な蒸気ボイラ１の原理とメリットは、第１実施例
の場合と何ら変らない。The principle and merits of such a steam boiler 1 are no different from those of the first embodiment.
（発明の効果）
以上既述した如く本発明に依れば、次の様な優れた効果
を奏する事ができる。(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, the following excellent effects can be achieved.
（１）半燃焼ガス化炉をボイラの燃焼室に直結している
ので２発生ガスの保有熱量をそのままボイラに持込む事
ができ、熱損失がない。(1) Since the semi-combustion gasifier is directly connected to the combustion chamber of the boiler, the calorific value of the generated gas can be directly carried into the boiler, and there is no heat loss.
（２）媒塵は、固定炭素と灰とから成るが、ガス燃焼時
の火焔の中で容易に完全燃焼を行ない、未燃炭の飛散に
依る損失が殆どない。(2) Although the dust is composed of fixed carbon and ash, it is easily completely combusted in the flame during gas combustion, and there is almost no loss due to scattering of unburned coal.
即ち、この燃焼過程を微粉炭燃焼と比較すると、微粉炭
燃焼の場合は、バーナから炉内に吹込まれると石炭粒子
が高い輻射熱に依り先ずガス化反応が起り１次にガスに
着火して高温で燃焼し、残りの固定炭素粒子が輝いて燃
える行程をたどる。That is, when comparing this combustion process with pulverized coal combustion, in the case of pulverized coal combustion, when the coal particles are blown into the furnace from the burner, a gasification reaction occurs first due to the high radiant heat, and then the gas is ignited. It burns at high temperatures, and the remaining fixed carbon particles glow and burn.
これに対して本発明の場合は、半燃焼ガス化炉内で既に
ガスと固定炭素とに分離して居り、微粉炭燃焼に於ける
第一行程が終わった状態でボイラの燃焼室に噴出される
ので、このガスと固定炭素との着火燃焼は極めて容易に
行なわれ、微粉炭燃焼はどの滞留時間も不要で、小さい
燃焼室で対応できる。On the other hand, in the case of the present invention, the gas and fixed carbon are already separated in the semi-combustion gasifier, and are injected into the combustion chamber of the boiler after the first stage of pulverized coal combustion has been completed. Therefore, ignition combustion of this gas and fixed carbon can be carried out extremely easily, and pulverized coal combustion does not require any residence time and can be handled in a small combustion chamber.
（３）ボイラの燃焼室では、ガス燃焼が主体となるので
、少ない空気過剰率で燃焼できると共に、その燃焼制御
も二次空気の使い方に依り容易に行なえ、然も、低ＮＯ
ｘ化を図る事ができる。(3) Since gas combustion is the main combustion chamber in the boiler, combustion can be performed with a small excess air ratio, and the combustion can be easily controlled depending on how secondary air is used.
It is possible to achieve x.
勿論、半燃焼ガス化炉内からはＮＯｘが発生しない。Of course, NOx is not generated from inside the semi-combustion gasifier.
（４）脱硫に於いては、半燃焼ガス化炉内に炭酸カルシ
ウムを送入するか、或は、ボイラの燃焼室にこれを吹込
む事に依り達成できる。(4) Desulfurization can be achieved by introducing calcium carbonate into a semi-combustion gasifier or by blowing it into the combustion chamber of a boiler.
第１図は１本発明の第１実施例に係る蒸気ボイラの概要
構造を示す略式図。
第２図は、本発明者が先に作製して実験したテスト装置
の概要構造を示す略式図である。
第３図は、本発明の第２実施例に係る蒸気ボイラの概要
構造を示す略式図である。
１・・・蒸気ボイラ
２・・・石炭供給フィーダ
３・・・半燃焼ガス化炉
・・・半燃焼ガス化流動床炉
・・・空気ノズル
・・・ボイラ
・・・二次空気ノズル
・・・燃焼室FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the general structure of a steam boiler according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the general structure of a test device previously manufactured and tested by the present inventor. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the general structure of a steam boiler according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 1...Steam boiler 2...Coal supply feeder 3...Semi-combustion gasifier...Semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace...Air nozzle...Boiler...Secondary air nozzle...・Combustion chamber
Claims (2)
炭供給フィーダからの石炭の一部を燃焼させてガス化に
必要な温度に保ちつつ石炭の残部を熱分解に依り固定炭
素を主体とする媒塵とガスとを発生させるロート状の半
燃焼ガス化炉又は反燃焼ガス化流動床炉と；前記ロート
状の半燃焼ガス化炉又は半燃焼ガス化流動床炉内の石炭
の流動と熱分解に必要な空気を噴出させる空気ノズルと
；前記半燃焼ガス化炉又は半燃焼ガス化流動床炉にその
燃焼室が直結されてここで半燃焼ガス化炉又は半燃焼ガ
ス化流動床炉からの媒塵とガスとを同時にガス燃焼させ
るボイラと；ボイラの燃焼室でのガス燃焼に必要な二次
空気を噴出させる二次空気ノズルとから構成したことを
特徴とする蒸気ボイラ。(1) A coal supply feeder that supplies coarsely crushed coal; a part of the coal from the coal supply feeder is combusted, and while maintaining the temperature required for gasification, the remainder of the coal is pyrolyzed to produce mainly fixed carbon. a funnel-shaped semi-combustion gasifier or anti-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace that generates dust and gas; and a flow of coal in the funnel-shaped semi-combustion gasifier or semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace; an air nozzle that blows out the air necessary for pyrolysis; the combustion chamber is directly connected to the semi-combustion gasifier or semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace, and the semi-combustion gasification furnace or semi-combustion gasification fluidized bed furnace A steam boiler comprising: a boiler that simultaneously burns dust and gas from the boiler; and a secondary air nozzle that blows out secondary air necessary for gas combustion in a combustion chamber of the boiler.
して流動層内の温度コントロールを行ない、又二次燃焼
用空気に混合して低ＮＯ＿ｘ化燃焼を行なう様にした特
許請求の範囲第（１）項に記載の蒸気ボイラ。(2) A patent for guiding recirculating gas from the flue and mixing it with fluidizing air to control the temperature in the fluidized bed, and also mixing it with secondary combustion air to perform low NO_x combustion. A steam boiler according to claim (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2265580A JPH03230002A (en) | 1990-10-03 | 1990-10-03 | Steam boiler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2265580A JPH03230002A (en) | 1990-10-03 | 1990-10-03 | Steam boiler |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03230002A true JPH03230002A (en) | 1991-10-14 |
Family
ID=17419098
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2265580A Pending JPH03230002A (en) | 1990-10-03 | 1990-10-03 | Steam boiler |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03230002A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107001956A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2017-08-01 | 陈涛 | Carbon molecules gasification fired boiler electricity-generating method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS563810A (en) * | 1979-06-20 | 1981-01-16 | Ebara Corp | Method and device for burning solid |
| JPS5666610A (en) * | 1979-11-02 | 1981-06-05 | Takuma Co Ltd | Combined installation of gasifying device and refuse melting incinerator |
| JPS6033407A (en) * | 1983-08-03 | 1985-02-20 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Method of maintaining fluidization in fluidized-bed boiler |
-
1990
- 1990-10-03 JP JP2265580A patent/JPH03230002A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS563810A (en) * | 1979-06-20 | 1981-01-16 | Ebara Corp | Method and device for burning solid |
| JPS5666610A (en) * | 1979-11-02 | 1981-06-05 | Takuma Co Ltd | Combined installation of gasifying device and refuse melting incinerator |
| JPS6033407A (en) * | 1983-08-03 | 1985-02-20 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Method of maintaining fluidization in fluidized-bed boiler |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107001956A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2017-08-01 | 陈涛 | Carbon molecules gasification fired boiler electricity-generating method |
| CN107001956B (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2021-05-04 | 陈涛 | Carbon-molecule gasification combustion boiler power generation method |
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