JP2004347271A - Combustion device and method - Google Patents

Combustion device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004347271A
JP2004347271A JP2003146955A JP2003146955A JP2004347271A JP 2004347271 A JP2004347271 A JP 2004347271A JP 2003146955 A JP2003146955 A JP 2003146955A JP 2003146955 A JP2003146955 A JP 2003146955A JP 2004347271 A JP2004347271 A JP 2004347271A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
biomass
oil
burner
furnace
gas
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JP2003146955A
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JP4108002B2 (en
Inventor
Keiji Takeno
計二 武野
Toshimitsu Ichinose
利光 一ノ瀬
Akiyasu Okamoto
章泰 岡元
Hideaki Ota
英明 太田
Yoshinori Kobayashi
由則 小林
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion device and method capable of efficiently burning biomass that is a coal alternative inexpensive fuel and/or an organic waste in a gas or oil combustion facility or the like. <P>SOLUTION: In this combustion device 24 comprising a burner 23 for supplying and burning a gas or oil 21 into a furnace 22, a biomass burner 12 for supplying the biomass 11 into the furnace and a fire grate 25 provided on the bottom of the furnace are provided on the bottom side of the gas or oil burner 23. Since the ash component of the biomass is small, it can be mixed and efficiently burnt even in a facility having no large-scale ash treatment facility such as the gas or oil combustion facility. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ガス又は油焚き燃焼設備等において、石炭代替燃料廉価燃料であるバイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物を効率よく燃焼させることができる燃焼装置及び方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
石炭とバイオマス等の混焼は、産業用ボイラ、事業用ボイラ更には各種タービンにおいて、廉価燃料使用による燃料費削減、更には化石燃料起源のCO発生量の抑制、ひいてはCO排出権取引に活用可能であるために、近年その利用促進が叫ばれており、米国では再生可能利用政策に加えて規制緩和を実施している。
【0003】
図2に重油等の液体燃料燃焼させる油焚き燃焼設備の一例を示す。
図2に示すように、ボイラの炉本体201には燃料供給手段250から重油251を供給して燃焼させるバーナ202が配設されており、炉内203には加熱器、蒸発器、節炭器等に当たる伝熱管群204が設置されている。そして、炉内203での重油の燃焼により発生する燃焼排ガス205は該伝熱管群204を加熱して煙道206へと送られる。前記煙道206の途中には空気加熱器(AH)207が配置され、煙道206内の燃焼排ガス205は誘引通風機(IDF)208で引かれて空気加熱器(AH)207、灰捕集装置209を経て煙突210から大気に放出される(特許文献1)。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−10423号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した油焚き燃料設備を用い、バイオマス等を単に供給して炉内203で燃焼させようとすると、バイオマス等の粒径は数mm程度と大きいので、着火性が悪いという問題がある。
この結果、未燃焼分が多くなると共に、不完全燃焼によりCO,NOxの発生が多くなるという問題がある。
【0006】
バイオマス等の粒径を細かくできないのは、バイマス等が石炭のように脆性材料でないために、粉砕手段により粉砕しても効率よい粉砕ができないことによる。このため、炉底部内に浮遊できない大粒径のバイオマス等が落下し、スラグの原因となる、という問題がある。
【0007】
このため、バイオマス等の炉内での着火性を向上した技術の出現が切望されている。
【0008】
本発明は、前記問題に鑑み、バイオマス等をガス又は油焚き燃焼設備にて効率よく燃焼させることができる燃焼装置及び方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前述した課題を解決する第1の発明は、ガス又は油を炉内に供給して燃焼させるバーナを備えた燃焼装置であって、ガス又は油焚きバーナの炉底部側に、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物を炉内に供給するバイオマスバーナと、前記炉底部に設けた火格子とを具備することを特徴とする燃焼装置にある。
【0010】
第2の発明は、第1の発明において、ガス又は油焚きバーナとバイオマスバーナとの距離が、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物の燃焼に要する空気が十分供給されるように離れていることを特徴とする燃焼装置にある。
【0011】
第3の発明は、第1又は2の発明において、前記炉底部に火格子と最下段側のバーナとの間に、炉内に熱空気を供給する熱空気供給口を設けたことを特徴とする燃焼装置にある。
【0012】
第4の発明は、ガス又は油を炉内に供給して燃焼させるバーナを備えた燃焼方法であって、ガス又は油焚きバーナの炉底部側において、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物を炉内で燃焼させると共に、前記落下したバイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物を炉底部に設けた火格子で燃焼させることを特徴とする燃焼方法にある。
【0013】
第5の発明は、第4の発明において、ガス又は油焚きバーナとバイオマスバーナとの距離をバイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物の燃焼に要する空気が十分供給されるように離しつつ燃焼させることを特徴とする燃焼方法にある。
【0014】
本発明において、バイオマスとは生物資源のことをいう。バイオマスとしては、例えば農業生産物又は副産物、木材、植物等が例示される。バイオマスの変換目的などにもよるが、燃料・原料の供給面という観点から、大量入手が容易なものや、生育・成長速度が速いものなど、燃料・原料としての供給が安定しているものが好ましい。草本類・木本類の植物性バイオマスの一例を示すと、トウモロコシ類、イネ類、スイートソルガムなどのサトウキビ類、ネピアグラスなどの牧草類、木材類などが例示される。また、本発明においてはバイオマスの代替原料として使用可能な有機性廃棄物を用いてもよい。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の形態を以下に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施の形態に限定されるものではない。
【0016】
ここで、図1を参照して本実施の形態にかかる燃焼装置について説明する。
図1に示すように、本実施の形態にかかる燃焼装置は、ガス又は油21を炉内22に供給して燃焼させるバーナ23を備えた燃焼装置24であって、ガス又は油焚きバーナ23の炉底部側に、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物11を炉本体20内に供給して燃焼させるバイオマスバーナ12と、前記炉底部に設けた火格子25とを設けたものである。
なお、油炊きバーナ23及びバイオマスバーナ12には各々熱空気26が供給され、燃焼の促進を図っている。
【0017】
バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物は灰分が少ないので、ガス又は油焚き燃焼設備のような大規模な灰処理設備を備えていないものにおいても、燃焼させることができる。
【0018】
この際、バイオマスバーナは、ガス又は油焚きのバーナ23の炉の底部側に設置することにより、炉底部に落下するバイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物11の粒子11aを炉底部に設けた熱空気26を導入してなる火格子25により燃焼させることにより、完全燃焼を図ることができる。
【0019】
また、火格子26の代わりに、移動床燃焼手段を用いて燃焼させるようにしてもよい。
【0020】
また、導入されたバイオマス11のうち、粒子の小さいバイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物は炉の上部に上昇しその間にガス又は油の火炎27に巻き込まれて燃え切ることになり、完全燃焼を図ることができる。
【0021】
また、粒子の大きなバイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物はバーナから噴出した際には、沈降するが、該沈降の途中においても他のバイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物の燃焼火炎や輻射熱により熱分解や燃焼を始め、比重が軽くなる結果、上昇して、上述したように、ガス又は油の火炎27に巻き込まれて燃え切ることになり、完全燃焼を図ることができる。また、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物が炉の底部まで落下しても火格子25により燃焼させることができる。
【0022】
また、ガス又は油焚きバーナ23とバイオマスバーナ12との距離Lは、好ましくは1.5m以上、より好ましくは2m以上離れていることが好ましい。これは、燃焼性が良好なガス又は油燃料とバイオマスとを混合して燃焼させる場合に、あまりに近接すると、バイオマス燃焼用に供給した空気がガス又は油焚きバーナ23で消費され、燃え難いバイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物に新鮮な空気が供給され難いことになるからである。
【0023】
また、炉の底部にあたる火格子25からガス又は油焚きバーナ23とバイオマスバーナ12との中間点までの距離(λ)は、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物に新鮮な空気が供給されるように十分な距離を取り、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物の燃焼に十分な空間を確保することが好ましい。好ましくは、λは3〜10m程度である。
【0024】
よって、ガス又は油焚きバーナ23のガス又は油の火炎27とバイオマス火炎13とが融合しないようにすることが好ましい。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、ガス又は油を炉内に供給して燃焼させるバーナを備えた燃焼装置であって、ガス又は油焚きバーナの炉底部側に、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物を炉内に供給するバイオマスバーナと、前記炉底部に設けた火格子とを具備するので、ガス又は油の燃焼に影響を与えることなく、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物を効率的に燃焼することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】第1の実施の形態にかかる燃焼装置の概略図である。
【図2】油焚き燃焼設備の概略図である。
【符号の説明】
11 バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物
12 バイオマスバーナ
21 ガス又は油
22 炉内
23 バーナ
24 燃焼装置
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus and method capable of efficiently burning biomass and / or organic waste, which is a low-cost coal alternative fuel, in a gas or oil-fired combustion facility or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Mixed combustion such as coal and biomass, industrial boilers, in utility boiler further various turbine, fuel cost reduction by inexpensive fuel use, further suppression of CO 2 emissions of fossil fuel origin, make the turn CO 2 emissions trading In recent years, their use has been promoted because they are possible, and the United States is implementing deregulation in addition to renewable use policies.
[0003]
FIG. 2 shows an example of an oil-fired combustion facility for burning liquid fuel such as heavy oil.
As shown in FIG. 2, a burner 202 for supplying and burning heavy oil 251 from a fuel supply means 250 is disposed in a furnace main body 201 of the boiler, and a heater, an evaporator, and a economizer are provided in a furnace 203. A heat transfer tube group 204 corresponding to the above is installed. Then, the combustion exhaust gas 205 generated by the combustion of the heavy oil in the furnace 203 heats the heat transfer tube group 204 and is sent to the flue 206. An air heater (AH) 207 is disposed in the middle of the flue 206, and the flue gas 205 in the flue 206 is drawn by an induction ventilator (IDF) 208, and the air heater (AH) 207 It is emitted from the chimney 210 to the atmosphere via the device 209 (Patent Document 1).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-10423
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, if the above-described oil-fired fuel facility is used to simply supply biomass or the like and burn it in the furnace 203, there is a problem that the particle size of the biomass or the like is as large as several millimeters, resulting in poor ignitability.
As a result, there is a problem that the unburned portion increases and the generation of CO and NOx increases due to incomplete combustion.
[0006]
The reason why the particle size of biomass or the like cannot be made fine is that since bimass or the like is not a brittle material like coal, even if it is pulverized by a pulverizing means, efficient pulverization cannot be performed. For this reason, there is a problem that large-sized biomass or the like that cannot float in the furnace bottom falls and causes slag.
[0007]
For this reason, the emergence of a technique for improving the ignitability of a biomass or the like in a furnace is eagerly desired.
[0008]
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a combustion apparatus and a method capable of efficiently burning biomass or the like in a gas or oil-fired combustion facility.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A first invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is a combustion device provided with a burner for supplying gas or oil into a furnace and burning the gas or oil, wherein a biomass and / or an organic material is provided on a furnace bottom side of the gas or oil-fired burner. A combustion apparatus comprising: a biomass burner for supplying toxic waste into a furnace; and a grate provided at the bottom of the furnace.
[0010]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the distance between the gas or oil-fired burner and the biomass burner is large enough to supply sufficient air for biomass and / or organic waste combustion. Characteristic combustion device.
[0011]
According to a third aspect, in the first or second aspect, a hot air supply port for supplying hot air into the furnace is provided between the grate and the lowermost burner at the furnace bottom. In the combustion device.
[0012]
A fourth invention is a combustion method provided with a burner for supplying gas or oil into a furnace and burning the gas or oil, wherein biomass and / or organic waste is supplied to the furnace at the bottom of the gas or oil-fired burner. And burning the dropped biomass and / or organic waste with a grate provided at the bottom of the furnace.
[0013]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect, the gas or oil-fired burner and the biomass burner are separated from each other so that the air required for combustion of the biomass and / or the organic waste is sufficiently supplied to perform the combustion. There is a characteristic combustion method.
[0014]
In the present invention, biomass refers to biological resources. Examples of biomass include agricultural products or by-products, wood, plants, and the like. Depending on the purpose of biomass conversion, from the viewpoint of the supply of fuel and raw materials, those with stable supply of fuel and raw materials, such as those that are easily available in large quantities and those that grow and grow at a high rate, are considered. preferable. Examples of herbaceous / woody plant biomass include corns, rice, sugarcane such as sweet sorghum, pastures such as napiergrass, and wood. In the present invention, an organic waste that can be used as a substitute material for biomass may be used.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
[0016]
Here, the combustion device according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the combustion device according to the present embodiment is a combustion device 24 including a burner 23 that supplies gas or oil 21 to a furnace 22 and burns the gas or oil 21. On the furnace bottom side, a biomass burner 12 for supplying biomass and / or organic waste 11 into a furnace main body 20 for combustion and a grate 25 provided on the furnace bottom are provided.
Hot air 26 is supplied to each of the oil-cooking burner 23 and the biomass burner 12 to promote combustion.
[0017]
Since biomass and / or organic wastes are low in ash, they can be burned even without large ash treatment facilities such as gas or oil fired combustion facilities.
[0018]
At this time, the biomass burner is installed on the bottom side of the furnace of the gas or oil-fired burner 23, so that the particles 11a of the biomass and / or the organic waste 11 falling on the bottom of the furnace are heated with hot air provided at the bottom of the furnace. By burning with the grate 25 into which 26 is introduced, complete combustion can be achieved.
[0019]
Further, instead of the grate 26, combustion may be performed using moving bed combustion means.
[0020]
In addition, among the introduced biomass 11, biomass and / or organic waste having small particles rise to the upper part of the furnace and are caught by the gas or oil flame 27 and burn out during that time, thereby achieving complete combustion. be able to.
[0021]
In addition, biomass and / or organic waste having large particles settles when ejected from a burner, and during the sedimentation, it is thermally decomposed by the combustion flame or radiant heat of other biomass and / or organic waste. As a result, the specific gravity becomes low, and as a result, the specific gravity rises, and as described above, the gas or oil is caught in the flame 27 and burned out, so that complete combustion can be achieved. Even if the biomass and / or organic waste falls to the bottom of the furnace, it can be burned by the grate 25.
[0022]
The distance L between the gas or oil-fired burner 23 and the biomass burner 12 is preferably 1.5 m or more, more preferably 2 m or more. This is because when the gas or oil fuel and the biomass having good flammability are mixed and burned, if they are too close to each other, the air supplied for biomass combustion is consumed by the gas or oil-fired burner 23, and the hardly combustible biomass and This is because it is difficult to supply fresh air to the organic waste.
[0023]
The distance (λ) from the grate 25 at the bottom of the furnace to the midpoint between the gas or oil fired burner 23 and the biomass burner 12 is such that fresh air is supplied to the biomass and / or organic waste. Preferably, a sufficient distance is provided to ensure sufficient space for burning biomass and / or organic waste. Preferably, λ is about 3 to 10 m.
[0024]
Therefore, it is preferable that the gas or oil flame 27 of the gas or oil fired burner 23 does not fuse with the biomass flame 13.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it is a combustion apparatus provided with the burner which supplies gas or oil into a furnace, and burns, and the biomass and / or organic waste in a furnace are provided in the furnace bottom side of a gas or oil-fired burner. And a grate provided at the bottom of the furnace, so that biomass and / or organic waste can be efficiently burned without affecting the combustion of gas or oil. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combustion device according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an oil-fired combustion facility.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Biomass and / or organic waste 12 Biomass burner 21 Gas or oil 22 In-furnace 23 Burner 24 Combustion device

Claims (5)

ガス又は油を炉内に供給して燃焼させるバーナを備えた燃焼装置であって、
ガス又は油焚きバーナの炉底部側に、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物を炉内に供給するバイオマスバーナと、
前記炉底部に設けた火格子と
を具備することを特徴とする燃焼装置。
A combustion device having a burner for supplying gas or oil into a furnace and burning the gas or oil,
A biomass burner for supplying biomass and / or organic waste into the furnace on the bottom side of the gas or oil fired burner;
A grate provided at the bottom of the furnace.
請求項1において、
ガス又は油焚きバーナとバイオマスバーナとの距離が、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物の燃焼に要する空気が十分供給されるように離れていることを特徴とする燃焼装置。
In claim 1,
A combustion apparatus characterized in that a distance between a gas or oil-fired burner and a biomass burner is large enough to supply sufficient air for biomass and / or organic waste combustion.
請求項1又は2において、
前記炉底部に火格子と最下段側のバーナとの間に、炉内に熱空気を供給する熱空気供給口を設けたことを特徴とする燃焼装置。
In claim 1 or 2,
A combustion device, wherein a hot air supply port for supplying hot air into the furnace is provided between the grate and the lowermost burner at the bottom of the furnace.
ガス又は油を炉内に供給して燃焼させるバーナを備えた燃焼方法であって、
ガス又は油焚きバーナの炉底部側において、バイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物を炉内で燃焼させると共に、
前記落下したバイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物を炉底部に設けた火格子で燃焼させることを特徴とする燃焼方法。
A combustion method comprising a burner for supplying gas or oil into a furnace and burning the gas or oil,
On the bottom side of the gas or oil fired burner, biomass and / or organic waste is burned in the furnace,
A method of burning, wherein the dropped biomass and / or organic waste is burned by a grate provided at a furnace bottom.
請求項4において、
ガス又は油焚きバーナとバイオマスバーナとの距離をバイオマス及び/又は有機性廃棄物の燃焼に要する空気が十分供給されるように離しつつ燃焼させることを特徴とする燃焼方法。
In claim 4,
A combustion method characterized in that the gas or oil-fired burner and the biomass burner are burned while separating the biomass and / or the organic waste from the biomass burner so that the air required for the combustion is sufficiently supplied.
JP2003146955A 2003-05-23 2003-05-23 Gas or oil fired biomass combustion apparatus and method Expired - Lifetime JP4108002B2 (en)

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JP2003146955A JP4108002B2 (en) 2003-05-23 2003-05-23 Gas or oil fired biomass combustion apparatus and method

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JP2004347271A true JP2004347271A (en) 2004-12-09
JP4108002B2 JP4108002B2 (en) 2008-06-25

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007101135A (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-19 Ube Ind Ltd Mixed combustion method of pulverized coal and biomass
WO2009024100A3 (en) * 2007-08-17 2009-08-06 Milan Ptacek Fuel and method of obtaining thermal energy from biomass with low ash- melting temperature, in particular from stillage from bioethanol processing, and apparatuses for the implementation thereof
WO2009139404A1 (en) * 2008-05-16 2009-11-19 カワサキプラントシステムズ株式会社 Biomass-mixed-firing pulverized coal fired boiler and operation method of the boiler
CN103225803A (en) * 2013-05-02 2013-07-31 尹宏文 Biomass fuel and natural gas mixed combustion system
CN103292307A (en) * 2013-05-11 2013-09-11 王民发 Gas-and-solid-fired environment-friendly industrial boiler
CN106016226A (en) * 2016-07-14 2016-10-12 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 Gas-fired boiler
CN113623864A (en) * 2021-07-09 2021-11-09 杨映礼 Mixed combustion type hot blast stove for drying agricultural products

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007101135A (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-19 Ube Ind Ltd Mixed combustion method of pulverized coal and biomass
WO2009024100A3 (en) * 2007-08-17 2009-08-06 Milan Ptacek Fuel and method of obtaining thermal energy from biomass with low ash- melting temperature, in particular from stillage from bioethanol processing, and apparatuses for the implementation thereof
WO2009139404A1 (en) * 2008-05-16 2009-11-19 カワサキプラントシステムズ株式会社 Biomass-mixed-firing pulverized coal fired boiler and operation method of the boiler
JP2009276027A (en) * 2008-05-16 2009-11-26 Kawasaki Plant Systems Ltd Biomass mixed combustion pulverized coal firing boiler
US9068746B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2015-06-30 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Biomass-mixed-firing pulverized coal fired boiler and operation method of the boiler
CN103225803A (en) * 2013-05-02 2013-07-31 尹宏文 Biomass fuel and natural gas mixed combustion system
CN103225803B (en) * 2013-05-02 2015-09-09 尹宏文 Biomass fuel and natural gas mixed combustion system
CN103292307A (en) * 2013-05-11 2013-09-11 王民发 Gas-and-solid-fired environment-friendly industrial boiler
CN106016226A (en) * 2016-07-14 2016-10-12 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 Gas-fired boiler
CN106016226B (en) * 2016-07-14 2018-10-16 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 A kind of gas fired-boiler
CN113623864A (en) * 2021-07-09 2021-11-09 杨映礼 Mixed combustion type hot blast stove for drying agricultural products

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