JPH03109145A - Core member for interior decoration for automobile - Google Patents
Core member for interior decoration for automobileInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03109145A JPH03109145A JP24476089A JP24476089A JPH03109145A JP H03109145 A JPH03109145 A JP H03109145A JP 24476089 A JP24476089 A JP 24476089A JP 24476089 A JP24476089 A JP 24476089A JP H03109145 A JPH03109145 A JP H03109145A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- honeycomb body
- glass fiber
- fiber mat
- core member
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 102100040428 Chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase Human genes 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 phenolic resin compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010097 foam moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003217 poly(methylsilsesquioxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は軽量で機械的強度が優れた自動車内装用芯材に
関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a core material for automobile interiors that is lightweight and has excellent mechanical strength.
自動車内装用芯材として従来からハードボード。 Hardboard has traditionally been used as a core material for automobile interiors.
レジンフェルトボード、合成樹脂板、或いはガラス繊維
で強化された合成樹脂発泡体等が使用されている。Resin felt boards, synthetic resin boards, synthetic resin foams reinforced with glass fibers, etc. are used.
近年、自動車内装部品の大型化に伴い、剛性が高いこと
、軽量であることが必須の条件となってきた。ところが
、従来から使用されているハードボード、レジンフェル
トボード、合成樹脂板等で剛性を高めようとすると、板
厚を増すか、或いは金属製の補強部品を取付けるなどし
なければならず、このため重量の増加を招くこととなり
、前記の軽量化と言う要求に合致しない、また本出願人
の特許出願に係る特開昭５９−７８８４７号公報に記載
の自動車内装用芯材は、板状に形成された熱硬化性樹脂
発泡体中にガラス繊維シートを層状に埋設してなるもの
で、従来から知られている自動車内装用芯材の中で最も
剛性が高くかつ軽量であるが、実際にはさらに高い剛性
および軽量化が要求されるようになって来ており、その
構造ではその要求に十分に対応できない状況であった。In recent years, as automobile interior parts have become larger, high rigidity and light weight have become essential conditions. However, if you try to increase the rigidity of conventionally used hard boards, resin felt boards, synthetic resin boards, etc., you have to increase the board thickness or attach metal reinforcing parts. The core material for automobile interiors described in JP-A-59-78847, which is related to the patent application filed by the present applicant, is formed into a plate shape, which results in an increase in weight and does not meet the above-mentioned demand for weight reduction. It is made by embedding glass fiber sheets in layers in thermosetting resin foam, and is the most rigid and lightest of the conventionally known core materials for automobile interiors. There has been a growing demand for higher rigidity and lighter weight, and the current structure has not been able to adequately meet these demands.
本発明は上記問題点を解決しようとするもので、発泡性
熱硬化性樹脂を浸透させたガラス繊維マットを所定厚さ
の板状のハニカム体の両面に重合しこれを加熱加圧する
ことにより所要形状に発泡成形してなるものである。The present invention is an attempt to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is made by polymerizing glass fiber mat impregnated with a foamable thermosetting resin on both sides of a plate-shaped honeycomb body of a predetermined thickness, and heating and pressurizing the mat. It is made by foam molding into a shape.
加熱することにより発泡した熱硬化性樹脂発泡体はハニ
カム体の内部空間にまで入り込んで固結しガラス繊維マ
ットを該ハニカム体両面に強力に接着させる。The thermosetting resin foam foamed by heating penetrates into the internal space of the honeycomb body and solidifies, thereby strongly adhering the glass fiber mat to both surfaces of the honeycomb body.
熱硬化性樹脂発泡体はガラス繊維マットに浸透すること
でガラス繊維の脱落を防ぎ表面が平滑に仕上がると共に
ガラス繊維特有のチクチクとした不快な肌ざわりがなく
なる。By penetrating the glass fiber mat, the thermosetting resin foam prevents the glass fibers from falling off, resulting in a smooth surface and eliminating the tingling and unpleasant feel characteristic of glass fibers.
ハニカム体は厚さ方向の応力に対し強く、ガラス繊維マ
ットはそれと直交する方向の応力に対して強いので、両
材料は互いの弱点を補完し合って全方向の応力に対して
強くなる。Since the honeycomb body is strong against stress in the thickness direction and the glass fiber mat is strong against stress in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction, both materials complement each other's weak points and become strong against stress in all directions.
ハニカム体は中空部分が多く極めて軽量である。The honeycomb body has many hollow parts and is extremely lightweight.
従って板厚を厚くしても重量がさほど増加せず極めて軽
量な芯材が製作できる。Therefore, even if the plate thickness is increased, the weight does not increase significantly and an extremely lightweight core material can be manufactured.
次に本発明の自動車内装用芯材についてその製造方法を
第７図に従い説明する。Next, a method of manufacturing the core material for automobile interior of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG.
図中、ｌはガラス繊維を５０〜１００ ａｍ長に切断し
たチョツプドストランドを適宜バインダーで固めること
によりシート状に成形したガラス繊維マットである。な
お、ここで使用するガラス繊維マットとしては上記のよ
うにチョツプドストランドを固結したもののほか、ガラ
ス繊維を切断することなくバインダーで固めたもの（コ
ンティニアスマット）或いはガラス繊維不織布、ガラス
繊維紙。In the figure, 1 is a glass fiber mat formed into a sheet by cutting chopped strands of glass fibers into lengths of 50 to 100 am and hardening them with an appropriate binder. In addition to the chopped strands consolidated as described above, the glass fiber mats used here include those in which the glass fibers are consolidated with a binder without being cut (continuous mat), glass fiber nonwoven fabric, and glass fiber paper. .
ガラス繊維織布でもよい、しかしてこのガラス繊維マッ
トＩはロールから巻き出されコンベヤ２に乗って送られ
、発泡性フェノールレジンコンパウンド散布装置３の下
を縦断する様に通過する。散布装置３は、ホッパー４、
振動板５、コンヘア６、ブラシロール７より構成され、
ホッパー４の下部に取付けられた振動板５により、一定
量の発泡性フェノールレジンコンパウンドがコンベア６
に供給される。コンベア６によって送られたコンパウン
ドはブラシロール７により、ガラス繊維マット上に均一
に散布される。このコンパウンドの付着量は振動板５の
振動数、コンベア６の速度及びガラス繊維マットの送り
速度によって調整することができる。コンパウンドが散
布されたガラス繊維マット１ば、発泡性フェノール樹脂
の溶融温度（フローポイント）以上で、硬化開始温度以
下にコントロールされた加熱オープン８の中に導かれコ
ンパウンドを確実に付着させてその落下を防止する。さ
らにオーブン８の出口に一対の圧締ローラ９．９を設は
該圧締ローラ９，９によりガラス繊維マット１を上下よ
り挟んで溶融されたコンパウンドを冷却、固化させると
共に付着をより確実ならしめたうえでカッター１０によ
りこれを適当な大きさにカットする。The glass fiber mat I, which may be a woven glass fiber cloth, is unwound from a roll and conveyed on a conveyor 2, passing longitudinally under an expandable phenolic resin compound dispersion device 3. The spreading device 3 includes a hopper 4,
Consisting of a diaphragm 5, a conhair 6, and a brush roll 7,
A vibration plate 5 attached to the bottom of the hopper 4 sends a certain amount of foamable phenolic resin compound to the conveyor 6.
is supplied to The compound sent by the conveyor 6 is evenly spread over the glass fiber mat by the brush roll 7. The amount of the compound deposited can be adjusted by the frequency of the diaphragm 5, the speed of the conveyor 6, and the feeding speed of the glass fiber mat. The glass fiber mat 1 on which the compound has been sprinkled is guided into a heated opening 8 that is controlled at a temperature above the melting temperature (flow point) of the foamable phenolic resin and below the curing start temperature to ensure that the compound adheres and allow it to fall. prevent. Further, a pair of pressing rollers 9,9 is provided at the outlet of the oven 8, and the pressing rollers 9, 9 sandwich the glass fiber mat 1 from above and below to cool and solidify the molten compound, and to make the adhesion more reliable. Then, cut it into an appropriate size using a cutter 10.
一方第２図に示したように、一定厚さの板状のハニカム
体１２は相隣ねる紙片を定間隔で接着することにより、
引き伸ばした際六角形状の透孔が形成される公知の紙製
ハニカム体である。On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, a plate-shaped honeycomb body 12 of a constant thickness is created by gluing adjacent pieces of paper at regular intervals.
This is a known paper honeycomb body in which hexagonal holes are formed when stretched.
上記のようにして製作されたガラス繊維マットｌはハニ
カム体１２の両面に重合され、第８図の如く、プレス装
置１３で加熱加圧され成形される。この時、ハニカム体
１２は第２図の如く六角形状の透孔が存する様に拡げて
おき、両面にガラス繊維マット１のコンパウンド付着面
が接する様にして重ね合せプレス型１４．１４間に置く
。The glass fiber mat l produced as described above is polymerized on both sides of the honeycomb body 12, and as shown in FIG. 8, is heated and pressed in a press device 13 to be molded. At this time, the honeycomb body 12 is expanded so that there are hexagonal holes as shown in FIG. .
該プレス型１４．１４は、発泡性フェノール樹脂が硬化
するに足る温度１５０〜２５０℃に加熱された凹凸型で
ある。該プレス型１４．１４を閉じて行くに従い、ガラ
ス繊維マットＩとハエカム体Ｉ２は少しづつずれながら
型の曲面や凹凸形状に馴染んで所要形状に成形される。The press mold 14.14 is a concavo-convex mold heated to a temperature of 150 to 250°C, which is sufficient to cure the foamable phenolic resin. As the press mold 14.14 is closed, the glass fiber mat I and the fly cam body I2 are gradually shifted and adapted to the curved surface and uneven shape of the mold, and are molded into the desired shape.
また、この時ガラス繊維マット１とハニカム体１２とは
未だ接着されていない状態である為に、容易にずれるこ
とが出来、このずれにより比較的深絞りの形状の成形も
無理なく均一に行なうことが出来るだけでなく成形した
ことによる応力がほとんど残らず形状的に安定した製品
が得られる０発泡性フェノール樹脂コンパウンドは、プ
レス型１４．１４が閉じられ、熱が加えられると同時に
発泡し始め、さらに加熱し続けるとやがて硬化する。こ
の発泡状態においては、製品の外縁部の型形状を第６図
に示した様に堰１５を形成しておき発泡した樹脂の漏出
を防ぐと共にその若干の隙間から樹脂が化学反応により
硬化する際に発生するガスが抜けるようにしておく、こ
うして樹脂は発泡しながら拡がって行き、ガラス繊維の
すき間に入り込む、又、ハニカム体１２の空間部分にも
侵入しハニカム体１２とガラス繊維マットｌを接着する
。この時ハニカム体１２の空間部分に侵入した発泡体１
１は、その中に閉じ込められた空気の圧力により、完全
に空間を埋めつくすほどには侵入せず、若干の空気層を
残し、侵入が止まる。この空気層により他の芯材にはな
い高い吸音性と断熱性を得ることが出来る。Furthermore, at this time, since the glass fiber mat 1 and the honeycomb body 12 are not yet bonded, they can easily shift, and due to this shift, a relatively deep drawing shape can be formed easily and uniformly. The zero-foaming phenolic resin compound, which not only allows for the formation of molding but also produces a shape-stable product with almost no stress left after molding, begins to foam as soon as the press mold 14.14 is closed and heat is applied. If you continue to heat it further, it will eventually harden. In this foaming state, the shape of the mold at the outer edge of the product is shaped to form a weir 15 as shown in Figure 6 to prevent the foamed resin from leaking and to allow the resin to harden through a chemical reaction through the slight gap. In this way, the resin expands while foaming, entering the gaps between the glass fibers, and also entering the spaces in the honeycomb body 12, bonding the honeycomb body 12 and the glass fiber mat l. do. At this time, the foam 1 that has entered the space of the honeycomb body 12
1 does not penetrate to the extent that it completely fills the space due to the pressure of the air trapped inside, but stops intruding after leaving a slight air gap. This air layer provides high sound absorption and heat insulation properties not found in other core materials.
こうして作られた自動車内装用芯材１６は、第９図に示
した様に塩化ビニル、クロス、不織布等の表皮材１７を
、接着材又はホットメルトフィルムによって接着し、内
装材として使われる。The automobile interior core material 16 thus produced is used as an interior material by bonding a skin material 17 such as vinyl chloride, cloth, or nonwoven fabric with an adhesive or hot melt film, as shown in FIG.
なお、第３図〜第５図はハニカム体１２のバリエーショ
ンについて記したもので、第３図は第２図の変形型で、
長方形状の透孔を千鳥状に配したもの、第４図は曲線状
に蛇行する紙片を連続的に貼り重ねたもの、第５図は平
板と波板を交互に貼り重ね段ボール形にしたものである
。これらのハニカム体の材質についても、アルミ箔１紙
１合成樹脂等、多岐にわたって作られているので自動車
内装用芯材を作るに当り、要求される強度その他の種々
の条件に適合する様に選択し使用することが出来る。In addition, FIGS. 3 to 5 describe variations of the honeycomb body 12, and FIG. 3 is a modified version of FIG. 2,
Figure 4 shows one in which rectangular holes are arranged in a staggered manner, Figure 4 shows one in which paper strips meandering in a curved shape are successively pasted together, and Figure 5 shows one in which flat plates and corrugated sheets are alternately pasted together to form a cardboard shape. It is. These honeycomb bodies are made from a wide variety of materials, such as aluminum foil, paper, and synthetic resin, so they are selected to meet the required strength and other various conditions when making core materials for automobile interiors. and can be used.
このように本発明の自動車内装用芯材は、ハニカム体の
両面に発泡性熱硬化性樹脂を浸透させたガラス樹脂マッ
トを重合し加熱加圧することにより発泡成形したもので
あるので、ガラス繊維マットがハニカム体と強力に接着
され一体化することにより、剛性が高くしかも非常に軽
量な芯材を提供することができる有益なものである。In this way, the core material for automobile interiors of the present invention is foam-molded by polymerizing a glass resin mat in which both sides of a honeycomb body are impregnated with a foamable thermosetting resin and heating and pressurizing it. By strongly adhering and integrating with the honeycomb body, it is advantageous that a core material having high rigidity and being extremely lightweight can be provided.
図面は本発明の一実施例を示したもので、第１図は自動
車内装用芯材の縦断面図、第２図〜第５図ハハニカム体
の斜視図、第６図はプレス型の部分縦断面図、第７図は
ガラス繊維マットの製造工程図、第８図はプレス装置の
正面図、第９図は自動車用内装材の部分断面斜視図であ
る。
ｌ・・・ガラス繊維マット、１１・・・発泡体、１２・
・・ハニカム体。
第２図
第３図
第４図
第５図
第８図The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a core material for automobile interior, Figs. 2 to 5 are perspective views of a honeycomb body, and Fig. 6 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a press mold. FIG. 7 is a plan view, FIG. 7 is a manufacturing process diagram of the glass fiber mat, FIG. 8 is a front view of a press device, and FIG. 9 is a partially sectional perspective view of an automobile interior material. l...Glass fiber mat, 11...Foam, 12.
・Honeycomb body. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 8
Claims (1)
を所定厚さの板状のハニカム体の両面に重合しこれを加
熱加圧することにより所要形状に発泡成形してなる自動
車内装用芯材。 ２、発泡性熱硬化性樹脂がフェノール樹脂である請求項
１に記載の自動車内装用芯材。 ３、ハニカム体が紙製である請求項１または２に記載の
自動車内装用芯材。[Claims] 1. A glass fiber mat impregnated with a foamable thermosetting resin is polymerized on both sides of a plate-shaped honeycomb body of a predetermined thickness, and the mat is foam-molded into a desired shape by heating and pressurizing the mat. A core material for automobile interiors. 2. The core material for automobile interiors according to claim 1, wherein the foamable thermosetting resin is a phenolic resin. 3. The core material for automobile interiors according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the honeycomb body is made of paper.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1244760A JP2559276B2 (en) | 1989-09-20 | 1989-09-20 | Core material for automobile interior |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1244760A JP2559276B2 (en) | 1989-09-20 | 1989-09-20 | Core material for automobile interior |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03109145A true JPH03109145A (en) | 1991-05-09 |
| JP2559276B2 JP2559276B2 (en) | 1996-12-04 |
Family
ID=17123495
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1244760A Expired - Lifetime JP2559276B2 (en) | 1989-09-20 | 1989-09-20 | Core material for automobile interior |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2559276B2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030006882A (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2003-01-23 | 호와셍이 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Process for manufacturing sun shade base material for vehicles |
| JP2010241196A (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2010-10-28 | Howa Textile Industry Co Ltd | Folding type board, and automobile including the folding type board |
| WO2011001924A1 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-06 | 株式会社林技術研究所 | Board structure for vehicle and manufacturing method of the same |
| JP2019034557A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2019-03-07 | ブライト ライト ストラクチャーズ エルエルシー | Composite material sandwich having high flexure rigidity |
| US10967583B2 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2021-04-06 | Bright Lite Structures Llc | Apparatus for controllably cutting fibers and related methods |
| CN112976701A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-18 | 北京汽车研究总院有限公司 | Honeycomb panel, manufacturing method thereof, vehicle body panel and vehicle |
-
1989
- 1989-09-20 JP JP1244760A patent/JP2559276B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030006882A (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2003-01-23 | 호와셍이 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Process for manufacturing sun shade base material for vehicles |
| JP2010241196A (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2010-10-28 | Howa Textile Industry Co Ltd | Folding type board, and automobile including the folding type board |
| US9248786B2 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2016-02-02 | Hayashi Engineering | Board structure for vehicle and manufacturing method of the same |
| JP2011011615A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-20 | Hayashi Engineering Inc | Vehicular board structure and method of manufacturing the same |
| EP2450238A1 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2012-05-09 | Hayashi Engineering Inc. | Board structure for vehicle and manufacturing method of the same |
| EP2450238A4 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2013-10-09 | Hayashi Engineering Inc | Board structure for vehicle and manufacturing method of the same |
| WO2011001924A1 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-06 | 株式会社林技術研究所 | Board structure for vehicle and manufacturing method of the same |
| JP2019034557A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2019-03-07 | ブライト ライト ストラクチャーズ エルエルシー | Composite material sandwich having high flexure rigidity |
| US10780677B2 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2020-09-22 | Bright Lite Structures Llc | Composite structure exhibiting energy absorption and/or including a defect free surface |
| US10786977B2 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2020-09-29 | Bright Lite Structures Llc | Composite sandwich having a high bending stiffness |
| US11241867B2 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2022-02-08 | Bright Lite Structures Llc | Multicomponent polymer resin, methods for applying the same, and composite laminate structure including the same |
| US10967583B2 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2021-04-06 | Bright Lite Structures Llc | Apparatus for controllably cutting fibers and related methods |
| CN112976701A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-18 | 北京汽车研究总院有限公司 | Honeycomb panel, manufacturing method thereof, vehicle body panel and vehicle |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2559276B2 (en) | 1996-12-04 |
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