JPH02257836A - Semidried cellular settling type feed for culturing fish - Google Patents
Semidried cellular settling type feed for culturing fishInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02257836A JPH02257836A JP1079856A JP7985689A JPH02257836A JP H02257836 A JPH02257836 A JP H02257836A JP 1079856 A JP1079856 A JP 1079856A JP 7985689 A JP7985689 A JP 7985689A JP H02257836 A JPH02257836 A JP H02257836A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- fish
- content
- semidried
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001600434 Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Species 0.000 description 21
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000473391 Archosargus rhomboidalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000269908 Platichthys flesus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000555825 Clupeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001504592 Trachurus trachurus Species 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007102 metabolic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020660 omega-3 fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940012843 omega-3 fatty acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006014 omega-3 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019512 sardine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、ハマチ、ブリ、ヒラメζシマアジ、マグロ、
サケ、マス、ウナギなどの養殖魚、特にハマチの餌とし
て好適に使用できるセミドライ（半乾燥）多孔性沈降型
養魚飼料に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is applicable to yellowtail, yellowtail, flounder ζ striped horse mackerel, tuna,
The present invention relates to a semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed that can be suitably used as feed for farmed fish such as salmon, trout, and eel, especially yellowtail.
近年、わが国の栽培漁業はま′すまず重要な地位を占め
るようになっている。しかし、ハマチやタイに代表され
る魚の海面養殖では多養魚であるイワシ、サバなどの生
魚または冷凍魚をミンチ、切断、丸の形状で給餌するた
め、海水中への水溶性栄養分の溶出が多くまた水中での
バラケが多く、魚の捕食率が低いという欠点がある。特
にハマチやブリなどは、従来性の魚種で広く使用されて
いる固型養魚飼料（ドライペレット）を摂餌しなかった
ため、長年にわたり上記生餌給餌形態がとられており、
この分野での固型飼料の研究が進まず現在環境悪化、へ
い死の増大、経営悪化への悪循環が起こりやすくなって
いる。In recent years, Japan's agricultural fishing industry has come to occupy an increasingly important position. However, in marine aquaculture of fish such as yellowtail and sea bream, raw or frozen fish such as sardines and mackerel, which are polycultured fish, are fed in the form of minced, cut, or rounded fish, which causes a large amount of water-soluble nutrients to be leached into the seawater. Another disadvantage is that there is a lot of breakage in the water, and the rate of fish predation is low. In particular, yellowtail and yellowtail have not been fed the solid fish feed (dry pellets) that is widely used for conventional fish species, so they have been fed the above-mentioned raw food system for many years.
Research on solid feed in this field is not progressing, and a vicious cycle of environmental deterioration, increased mortality, and deterioration of business management is likely to occur.
従って、現在、ハマチ、タイなどの海水魚向養魚用餌用
として魚粉、小麦粉、大豆油かす、グルテンミール、米
ヌカなどを主原料として、これに各種ビタミン、ミネラ
ル類さらにアルギン酸ナトリウム、カルボキシメチルセ
ルロースナトリウム（ＣＭＣ） 、グアガム等の粘結剤
を配合して粉末状にした配合飼料と、生魚もしくは冷凍
魚をミンチ状にしたものを混合して造粒したモイストペ
レットが普及しつつある。このモイストペレットは、水
分を３０〜４０％以上含みやわらかいため嗜好性もよく
、養魚は生餌に匹敵する成長をしている。Therefore, currently, fish meal, wheat flour, soybean oil cake, gluten meal, rice bran, etc. are used as main ingredients for fish feed for saltwater fish such as yellowtail and sea bream, and various vitamins and minerals are added to these as well as sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. (CMC) Moist pellets, which are granulated by mixing powdered compound feed with a binder such as guar gum and minced raw or frozen fish, are becoming popular. These moist pellets contain more than 30 to 40% water and are soft, making them highly palatable, and the growth of cultivated fish is comparable to that of live bait.
しかし、モイストペレットの製造設備に多額の設備投資
を要すること、品質にバラツキが生じること及び給餌作
業がふえる等数多くの問題がある。However, there are many problems, such as requiring a large amount of capital investment for moist pellet manufacturing equipment, causing variations in quality, and increasing feeding work.
こうした中で最近品質的に安定している配合飼料のみを
使用し夫子孔性固型養魚飼料が市場に出現している。こ
の多孔性飼料は、通常、養魚用配合飼料に用いられる魚
粉、大豆油かす、コーングルテンミール、でんぷん質（
でんぷん粉、小麦粉など）及び米ぬかなどを主原料とし
、ビタミンやミネラル類を加えた後、エクストルーダー
（加圧加熱押出機）で加圧、押し出して成型された飼料
であり、ハマチ用のものも出現している。特に、ハマチ
は、乾燥した硬い固型配合飼料を好まず、そのままでは
摂餌しないので、これらの多孔性養魚飼料を用いる場合
には、飼料に水または水と油をしみ込ませてスポンジ状
にして給餌させる必要がある。従って、水を用意したり
作業面でも手間がかかるうえ、自動給餌がむずかしいと
いう問題がある。また栄養面でも水溶性ビタミン類が水
中へ流出する恐れもあり、さらに魚の成長も従来の生餌
飼料を与えた場合に比べると劣るなど実用的でなくあま
り普及していないのが現状である。Under these circumstances, solid porous fish feeds have recently appeared on the market that use only compound feeds that are stable in quality. This porous feed is usually made from fishmeal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, starch (
It is a feed made from starch powder, wheat flour, etc.) and rice bran, etc., and after adding vitamins and minerals, it is pressurized and extruded using an extruder (pressure heating extruder) to form the feed, and it is also used for yellowtail. It is appearing. In particular, yellowtail does not like dry, hard solid compound feeds and will not eat them as is, so when using these porous fish feeds, the feed should be impregnated with water or water and oil to form a sponge. need to be fed. Therefore, there are problems in that it takes time and effort to prepare water and work, and automatic feeding is difficult. In terms of nutrition, there is also the risk that water-soluble vitamins may be leached into the water, and the growth of fish is also inferior to that of conventional raw feed, making it impractical and not widely used.
そこで、本発明者らは、鋭意研究の結果、従来乾燥した
固形飼料を生理的に受つけないとされていたハマチやブ
リも粗脂肪含量をある一定の範囲に引き上げ、しかも飼
料の硬度をある範囲にｔＪＲ整すると、活発に摂餌する
ことを見出し、特許出願している（特願昭６３−３２９
９６８号）が、該飼料を低水温期間に使用すると従来の
餌に比べて魚の成長率が低下するとの問題が生じた。こ
れは、餌の摂餌率が生餌の場合に比べて低下するからで
ある。As a result of intensive research, the present inventors have found that yellowtail and yellowtail, which were previously thought to be physiologically intolerant of dry solid feed, have been able to raise the crude fat content to a certain range, and have also increased the hardness of the feed to a certain level. He discovered that when the tJR was adjusted within the range, food intake was active, and he applied for a patent (patent application 1986-329).
No. 968), a problem arose in that when this feed was used during periods of low water temperature, the growth rate of fish decreased compared to conventional feeds. This is because the feed intake rate is lower than in the case of live bait.
従って、本発明は、低水温期間に使用しても従来の餌に
比べて魚の成長率が低下することがない固型配合飼料を
提供することを目的とする。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid compound feed that does not reduce the growth rate of fish compared to conventional feeds even when used during periods of low water temperature.
本発明は、飼料中の粗脂肪含量を高めるとともに、飼料
中の水分含量を１２〜２０重量％にあげ、塩の含有量を
２〜８重量％とし、かつ沈降性とすることによって乾物
換算でも総摂餌量が著しく増加し、低水温期間に使用し
ても生餌を使用したのと同等の成長率を得ることができ
、これによれば上記課題を効率良く解決できるとの知見
に基づいてなされたのである。The present invention improves the crude fat content in the feed, increases the water content in the feed to 12 to 20% by weight, makes the salt content 2 to 8% by weight, and makes it sedimentable, so that it can be reduced even on a dry matter basis. Based on the knowledge that the total amount of food consumed increases significantly, and even when used during periods of low water temperature, it is possible to obtain the same growth rate as using live bait, and that this can efficiently solve the above problems. It was done.
すなわち、本発明は、粗脂肪分１３〜３５重量％、水分
１２〜２０重量％及び塩２〜８重量％を含有することを
特徴とするセミドライ多孔性沈降型養魚飼料を提供する
。That is, the present invention provides a semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed characterized by containing 13 to 35% by weight of crude fat, 12 to 20% by weight of water, and 2 to 8% by weight of salt.
本発明のセミドライ多孔性沈降型養魚飼料は従来の多孔
性養魚飼料の原材料とほぼ同じものを用いることができ
、魚粉、大豆油かす、コーングルテンミールなどのタン
パク質、でんぷん質（でんぷん粉、小麦粉、など）にビ
タミン、ミネラル類を含有するが、特に粗脂肪を１３〜
３５重量％（以下％と略称する）と多量に含有すること
を特徴とする。つまり、このような量で粗脂肪を含有さ
せると成長促進においてすぐれた効果が得られるからで
ある。粗脂肪の量は、好ましくは１８〜３０％、より好
ましくは、２０〜３０％、最も好ましくは２３〜３０％
である。該粗脂肪には、魚粉などの原材料由来の脂肪分
に加えて、動物性油脂や植物性油脂が含まれる。尚、油
脂としては高度不飽和脂肪酸のω３系脂肪酸を含むもの
が好ましく、融点が一２０〜５０℃のものを用いるのが
好ましい。The semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed of the present invention can use almost the same raw materials as conventional porous fish feed, including fish meal, protein such as soybean oil meal, corn gluten meal, starch (starch powder, wheat flour, ) contains vitamins and minerals, but especially crude fat.
It is characterized by containing a large amount of 35% by weight (hereinafter abbreviated as %). In other words, when crude fat is contained in such an amount, an excellent effect in promoting growth can be obtained. The amount of crude fat is preferably 18-30%, more preferably 20-30%, most preferably 23-30%
It is. The crude fat includes animal oil and vegetable oil in addition to fat derived from raw materials such as fishmeal. The fats and oils are preferably those containing ω3 fatty acids, which are highly unsaturated fatty acids, and those having a melting point of 120 to 50°C are preferred.
本発明の飼料成分は上記要件を満せば特に限定されない
が、通常粗タンパク質３５〜５５％、粗脂肪１３〜３５
％、炭水化物５〜３０％、無機物、ビタミン等１〜５％
を含み、水分含量が１２〜１８％のものが好ましい。又
、上記炭水化物はα化デンプンの形態で含ませるのがよ
い。The feed ingredients of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they meet the above requirements, but are usually 35 to 55% crude protein and 13 to 35% crude fat.
%, carbohydrates 5-30%, inorganic substances, vitamins, etc. 1-5%
and preferably has a water content of 12 to 18%. Further, the above-mentioned carbohydrates are preferably included in the form of pregelatinized starch.
本発明では、上記成分に加えて塩を２〜８％、好ましく
は２．５〜７％、より好ましくは３〜６％含有させるこ
とによって、摂餌量の高い水分含量１２〜２０％のセミ
ドライ多孔性沈降型養魚飼料について魚の嗜好性を低下
させることなく、かつ通常のドラ、イペレットに匹敵す
る保存性を有する飼料とすることができたのである。つ
まり、養魚飼料の塩の含有量を２〜８％としても陸上動
物と異なり、魚の生理機能、代謝機能に障害を与えない
ことが長期飼育の結果から判明したのである。In the present invention, by containing 2 to 8%, preferably 2.5 to 7%, and more preferably 3 to 6% of salt in addition to the above ingredients, semi-dry foods with a water content of 12 to 20% and a high feed intake are produced. It was possible to create a porous sedimentary fish feed that does not reduce the palatability of fish and has a shelf life comparable to that of ordinary dora and yip pellets. In other words, it has been found from the results of long-term rearing that, unlike land animals, even if the salt content of fish feed is 2 to 8%, it does not impede the physiological and metabolic functions of fish.
尚、プロピオン酸ナトリウムのような防かび剤を添加す
ることもできる。Incidentally, a fungicide such as sodium propionate can also be added.
本発明のセミドライ多孔性沈降型養魚飼料の水分含量は
、１２〜２０％であり、２０％を越えると長期保存性が
低下し、かつ摂餌量における優位性も見られなくなる。The moisture content of the semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed of the present invention is 12 to 20%, and if it exceeds 20%, the long-term storage stability will be reduced and the feed intake will not be superior.
本発明の飼料における水分含量として好ましくは、１２
〜１８％、より好ましくは１２〜１７％である。The water content in the feed of the present invention is preferably 12
~18%, more preferably 12-17%.
本発明の飼料は、上記特徴に加えて、硬度を０、５〜４
．０ ｋｇ／ｃｎｆと軟かく、好ましくは０．７〜３、
０ ｋｇ／ｃｄ、より好ましくは１．０〜２．５ ｋｇ
／ ｃｉとすることによって、魚に与える前に水につけ
て飼料を軟かくするという従来の固型飼料が有する問題
を除くことができ、直接魚に与えることができる。また
沈降性養魚飼料として、嵩比重を０．５０〜０．７０、
好ましくは０．５５〜０．７０、より好ましくは０．５
５〜０．６５の多孔性とすることによって、自動給餌シ
ステムを使用して効率的な給餌を達成できる。In addition to the above characteristics, the feed of the present invention has a hardness of 0, 5 to 4.
．． Soft as 0 kg/cnf, preferably 0.7 to 3,
0 kg/cd, more preferably 1.0-2.5 kg
/ci, it is possible to eliminate the problem of conventional solid feeds, which involve softening the feed by soaking it in water before feeding it to the fish, and it can be fed directly to the fish. Also, as a sedimentary fish feed, the bulk specific gravity is 0.50 to 0.70,
Preferably 0.55 to 0.70, more preferably 0.5
By providing a porosity of 5 to 0.65, efficient feeding can be achieved using automatic feeding systems.
上記硬度及び嵩比重は使用原料や製造条件の謂整により
所望の範囲とすることができる。The above-mentioned hardness and bulk specific gravity can be set within a desired range by adjusting the raw materials used and manufacturing conditions.
本発明のセミドライ多孔性沈降型養魚飼料は、養魚飼料
原料に油脂を添加後、水を加えて加圧加熱用押出機、特
に２軸エクストルーダーで加熱混練し、次いで乾燥した
後、油脂を含浸させることにより製造することができる
。具体的には、上記タンパク質、炭水化物、ビタミン等
を含有する粗脂肪分２〜９％、好ましくは３〜８％、水
分含量５〜１４％の原料に動物性油脂もしくは植物性油
脂を１〜６％、好ましくは３〜５％の割合で混合し、加
水加圧熱（水蒸気でも可）の存在下において、でんぷん
質をα化しつつ加熱加圧押し出しにより多孔性固体に成
型した後乾燥する方法により製造するのが好ましい。こ
こで加水量としては１０〜２４％の水を加えるのがよい
。このように原料配合時に油脂を加えると、加圧過程で
原材料がスリップ状態を起こし加圧が不十分になる恐れ
が生じるので２軸エクストルーダーを用いて加圧押出す
るのがよい。The semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed of the present invention is produced by adding oil and fat to the fish feed raw material, adding water, heating and kneading with a pressurized heating extruder, especially a twin-screw extruder, and then drying and impregnating with oil and fat. It can be manufactured by Specifically, 1 to 6% of animal fat or vegetable oil is added to the above-mentioned raw materials containing proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, etc., with a crude fat content of 2 to 9%, preferably 3 to 8%, and a water content of 5 to 14%. %, preferably 3 to 5%, and in the presence of water, pressure, and heat (steam is also acceptable), the starch is gelatinized while heating and pressurizing extrusion to form a porous solid, followed by drying. Preferably, it is manufactured. Here, the amount of water added is preferably 10 to 24%. If fats and oils are added when blending raw materials in this way, there is a risk that the raw materials may slip during the pressurization process, resulting in insufficient pressurization, so it is preferable to extrude under pressure using a twin-screw extruder.
２軸エクストルーダーを用いると摩擦熱を押さえて約８
０〜約１００℃といった中低温で加圧加熱及び混練が可
能であり、原料の加熱や酸化による劣化を押えることが
できる。上記方法では、加圧加熱された原料を空気中に
押出すことにより、実質的に減圧下で水分が蒸散し膨化
し、その直後に水分含量を所定の数値となるまで乾燥す
ると所望の硬度の多孔体が製造できる。If you use a 2-screw extruder, you can suppress frictional heat and
Pressurized heating and kneading are possible at medium to low temperatures of 0 to about 100°C, and deterioration of raw materials due to heating and oxidation can be suppressed. In the above method, by extruding the pressurized and heated raw material into the air, the moisture evaporates under substantially reduced pressure and the raw material swells. Immediately thereafter, the raw material is dried until the moisture content reaches a predetermined value, resulting in the desired hardness. Porous bodies can be manufactured.
上記２軸エクストルーダーを用いる方法では、配合原料
をフィーダーに供給し、次に、クツカー部においてスチ
ームまたは温水によって水分含量を２０〜３８％に上げ
、スクリュープレス部で加圧、加熱、混練されてグイが
ら空気中に放出される方法によるのがよい。In the above-mentioned method using a twin-screw extruder, the mixed raw materials are fed to a feeder, and then the moisture content is increased to 20-38% with steam or hot water in the courier section, and the mixture is pressurized, heated, and kneaded in the screw press section. It is preferable to use a method in which the oysters are released into the air.
このようにして得られた多孔体を水分含量が１２〜２２
％となるように乾燥した後、動物性油脂または植物性油
脂およびその混合物を常温もしくは加温した状態でスプ
レーもしくは噴霧するなどの手段で後添加することでハ
マチ、ブリなどが活発に摂餌し、成長するセミドライ多
孔性沈降型養魚飼料が製造できる。油脂の後添加は約６
％〜約２５％で行い、養魚飼料の成分を粗脂肪１３％〜
３５％、飼料の総エネルギー４５００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ〜
６１００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ、好ましくは粗脂肪１８〜３０
％、４９００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ−５９００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ
！、−調整するのがよい。本発明の飼料は多孔性なので
、上記油脂を極めて効率的に吸収することができる。The porous body thus obtained has a water content of 12 to 22
%, and then add animal oil or vegetable oil or a mixture thereof at room temperature or in a heated state by spraying or spraying to encourage yellowtail, yellowtail, etc. to actively feed. , a growing semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed can be produced. Post-addition of fats and oils is approximately 6
% to approximately 25%, and the ingredients of fish feed to 13% to approximately 25% crude fat.
35%, total feed energy 4500kcal/kg ~
6100kcal/kg, preferably crude fat 18-30
%, 4900kcal/kg-5900kcal/kg
! , - It is better to adjust. Since the feed of the present invention is porous, it can absorb the above-mentioned fats and oils very efficiently.
本発明の多孔性飼料は、任意の形、大きさとすることが
できるが、グイ等の形状を変更することにより、直径約
１０〜５Ｑｍｍの球状又は直径約１０〜５０ｍｍ長さ約
１０〜１００ｍｍの円筒状とすることができる。The porous feed of the present invention can be made into any shape and size, but by changing the shape of the goo etc., it can be made into a spherical shape with a diameter of about 10 to 5 Qmm or a shape with a diameter of about 10 to 50 mm and a length of about 10 to 100 mm. It can be cylindrical.
本発明のセミドライ多孔性沈降型養魚飼料は、生餌を使
用しないでハマチやブリなどの海水魚養殖を行う場合に
課題とされている冬期の低水温期間：こおいても従来の
生餌に劣らない成長を示す優れたものである。また長期
保存性も良好である。The semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed of the present invention can be used during the low water temperature period in winter, which is a problem when cultivating saltwater fish such as yellowtail and yellowtail without using live bait. It is an excellent product that shows comparable growth. It also has good long-term storage stability.
従って、本発明の飼料は、ハマチやブリなどはもとより
他の多（の魚の養殖用飼料として、−年中幅広く、特に
冬期の低水温期間有効に使用で舎る。Therefore, the feed of the present invention can be used widely throughout the year, especially during the low water temperature period in winter, as feed for cultivating not only yellowtail and yellowtail but also other fish.
次に実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明
はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
実施例１
下記の原料：
魚粉 ７０％
大豆油かす ３％
小麦粉 １６％
馬鈴しょ澱粉 ３％
ビタミン・ミネラル ２％
魚油 ３％
塩 ３％（水分台１
８．７％、粗脂肪含量８％）を混合機で十分ミキシング
した後、２軸エクストルーダー（クレクストラル社製）
にて加水１６％、加熱温度９０℃〜１０５℃下で加圧成
型した後、水分１８％弱に乾燥した。Example 1 The following ingredients: Fishmeal 70% Soybean oil cake 3% Wheat flour 16% Potato starch 3% Vitamins and minerals 2% Fish oil 3% Salt 3% (Moisture level 1
8.7%, crude fat content 8%) in a mixer, and then transferred to a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Clextral).
After pressure molding at a heating temperature of 90°C to 105°C with 16% water added, it was dried to a moisture content of just under 18%.
その後フィードオイル（魚油、融点Ｏ℃）を８％スプレ
ーし、水分含量１６．５％、粗脂肪約１８％のセミドラ
イ多孔性沈降型養魚飼料（直径１０鮒、長さ２５ｍｒａ
の円柱状ペレット、硬度１．６、嵩比重０．６１．塩分
含量３．５％）を得た。尚、硬度は、本屋式硬度計を用
い、加圧面の直径が５ｍｍφの円形の平面（プランジャ
ー）で加圧、破砕した状態での数１ｋｇを、ペレットの
直径から面積を算出し１ ｃｕｔ当たりの破砕硬度とし
た（以下同じ）。After that, feed oil (fish oil, melting point O℃) was sprayed at 8%, and semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed (10 carp diameter, 25 mra length) with a moisture content of 16.5% and a crude fat of approximately 18% was sprayed.
Cylindrical pellets, hardness 1.6, bulk specific gravity 0.61. A salt content of 3.5% was obtained. In addition, the hardness is calculated by calculating the area from the diameter of the pellet, and calculating the area from the diameter of the pellet per 1 cut. (the same applies below).
この多孔性飼料を用いてハマチの養殖を冬期の海水の温
度が１８．５〜１５．５℃の１００日間行った。Using this porous feed, yellowtail was cultivated for 100 days at a seawater temperature of 18.5 to 15.5° C. in winter.
一方、比較用に生餌を用いて同様の試験を行った（比較
例１）、また、セミドライ多孔性沈降型養魚飼料の上記
製造方法において、最終的に水分含量を８．７％！ご調
整した以外は同様の方法によって製造したドライ多孔性
沈降型養魚飼料についても同様の養殖試験を行った（比
較例２）。On the other hand, a similar test was conducted using live bait for comparison (Comparative Example 1), and in the above manufacturing method of semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed, the final water content was 8.7%! A similar aquaculture test was also conducted on a dry porous sedimentary fish feed produced by the same method except for the following adjustments (Comparative Example 2).
結果を次に示す。The results are shown below.
上記結果から明らかな様に本発明の飼料は、水を加えた
りすることなしに使用でき、ドライ多孔性沈降型養魚飼
料（比較例２）よりも優れ、また生餌と同等の優れた効
果が得られることがわか乞また、本発明の飼料は食べ残
しもなく、利用率は生餌と同等もしくはそれ以上であっ
た。As is clear from the above results, the feed of the present invention can be used without adding water, is superior to dry porous sedimentary fish feed (Comparative Example 2), and has the same excellent effects as live feed. Furthermore, the feed of the present invention had no leftover food, and the utilization rate was equal to or higher than that of raw feed.
本発明の飼料をハマチ以外のヒラメに与えて養殖したと
ころ１．すぐれた成長率と高い利用率が得ちれた。When the feed of the present invention was fed to flounder other than yellowtail and farmed, 1. We achieved excellent growth rates and high usage rates.
実施例２
下記の原料：
魚粉 ７１％
コーングルテンミール ２％
小麦粉 １３％
馬鈴しょ澱粉 ３％
小麦グルテン ２％
ビタミン・ミネラル ２％
大豆油 ２％
フィードオイル（魚油） ２％
塩 ３％（水分含量
９．３％、粗脂肪含量９％）を十分ミキシングした後、
実施例１と同一の装置を用いて加水量を１８％、加熱温
度８５〜１００℃で加圧成形し、水分含量１５％強に乾
燥した。Example 2 The following ingredients: Fish meal 71% Corn gluten meal 2% Wheat flour 13% Potato starch 3% Wheat gluten 2% Vitamins/minerals 2% Soybean oil 2% Feed oil (fish oil) 2% Salt 3% (moisture content) 9.3%, crude fat content 9%) and thoroughly mixed.
Using the same equipment as in Example 1, pressure molding was carried out at a heating temperature of 85 to 100° C. with a water content of 18%, and drying to a moisture content of over 15%.
その後、油脂（融点０℃）を１０％スプレーして、粗脂
肪含量２１％、水分含量１４．３％のセミドライ多孔性
沈降型養魚飼料（直径１１ｍｍ、長さ１４ｍの円柱状ペ
レット、硬度１．９、嵩比重０．５９、塩分３．６％）
を得た。Thereafter, 10% oil (melting point: 0°C) was sprayed, and a semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed with a crude fat content of 21% and a moisture content of 14.3% (cylindrical pellets with a diameter of 11 mm and a length of 14 m, hardness of 1. 9, bulk specific gravity 0.59, salinity 3.6%)
I got it.
この多孔性飼料を用いてハマチの養殖を冬期の海水の温
度が１９．５〜１６℃で８０日間行った。Using this porous feed, yellowtail was cultured for 80 days at a winter seawater temperature of 19.5 to 16°C.
一方、比較用に生餌を用いて同様の試験を行った（比較
例３）。また、セミドライ多孔性沈降型養魚飼料の上記
製造方法において、最終的に水分含量を９．５％に調整
した以外は同様の方法によって製造したドライ多孔性沈
降型養魚飼料についても同様の養殖試験を行った（比較
例４）。On the other hand, a similar test was conducted using live bait for comparison (Comparative Example 3). In addition, similar aquaculture tests were conducted on dry porous sedimentary fish feed manufactured using the same method as above, except that the final moisture content was adjusted to 9.5%. (Comparative Example 4).
結果を次に示す。The results are shown below.
生餌 ７８０ ｇ １２１０ ｇ １．４６ １５５
（比較例３）
本発明 ７８０ ｇ １２５０ ｇ １．５４
１６０の飼料
上記結果から明らかな様に本発明の飼料は、水を加えた
りすることなしに使用でき、ドライ多孔性沈降型養魚飼
料（比較例４）よりも優れ、また生餌と同等の優れた効
果が得られることがわかる。Live bait 780 g 1210 g 1.46 155
(Comparative Example 3) Present invention 780 g 1250 g 1.54
Feed for No. 160 As is clear from the above results, the feed of the present invention can be used without adding water, is superior to the dry porous sedimentary fish feed (Comparative Example 4), and is as good as the live feed. It can be seen that a similar effect can be obtained.
実施例３
下記の原料：
魚粉 ６７％
大豆油かす ３％
小麦粉 ９％
馬鈴しょ澱粉 ５％
コーンスターチ ５％
ビタミン・ミネラル ２％
フィードオイル（魚油） ５％
塩 ４％（水分含量
９．１％、粗脂肪含量１１％）を十分ミキシングし、実
施例１と同一の装置を用いて加水量１７％、加熱温度９
０〜９５℃で加圧成形し、水分１４％強まで乾燥した。Example 3 The following ingredients: Fishmeal 67% Soybean oil cake 3% Wheat flour 9% Potato starch 5% Corn starch 5% Vitamins/minerals 2% Feed oil (fish oil) 5% Salt 4% (moisture content 9.1%, (crude fat content: 11%) was thoroughly mixed, and using the same equipment as in Example 1, the amount of water added was 17% and the heating temperature was 9.
It was pressure molded at 0 to 95°C and dried to a moisture content of over 14%.
その後、油脂（融点−５℃）を７％スプレーして、粗脂
肪含量１６％、水分１３，５％のセミドライ多孔性沈降
型養魚飼料（硬度２．２、嵩比重０．６０）を得た。Thereafter, 7% oil (melting point -5°C) was sprayed to obtain a semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed (hardness 2.2, bulk specific gravity 0.60) with a crude fat content of 16% and a moisture content of 13.5%. .
この飼料をハマチに与えたところ、実施例１及び２と同
様のすぐれた成長率と高い利用率が得られた。When this feed was fed to yellowtail, the same excellent growth rate and high utilization rate as in Examples 1 and 2 were obtained.
Claims (1)
塩２〜８重量％を含有することを特徴とするセミドライ
多孔性沈降型養魚飼料。A semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed characterized by containing 13 to 35% by weight of crude fat, 12 to 20% by weight of moisture, and 2 to 8% by weight of salt.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1079856A JP2688840B2 (en) | 1989-03-30 | 1989-03-30 | Semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1079856A JP2688840B2 (en) | 1989-03-30 | 1989-03-30 | Semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02257836A true JPH02257836A (en) | 1990-10-18 |
| JP2688840B2 JP2688840B2 (en) | 1997-12-10 |
Family
ID=13701839
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1079856A Expired - Fee Related JP2688840B2 (en) | 1989-03-30 | 1989-03-30 | Semi-dry porous sedimentary fish feed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2688840B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20000024431A (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2000-05-06 | 이남재 | Manufacturing method for a feeding food having a property of solid and soft particles |
| JP2005013116A (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-01-20 | Fisheries Research Agency | Feed for eel fingerling |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54171911U (en) * | 1978-05-24 | 1979-12-05 | ||
| JPS62250205A (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1987-10-31 | 帝人株式会社 | Air permeable connected clothes |
-
1989
- 1989-03-30 JP JP1079856A patent/JP2688840B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54171911U (en) * | 1978-05-24 | 1979-12-05 | ||
| JPS62250205A (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1987-10-31 | 帝人株式会社 | Air permeable connected clothes |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20000024431A (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2000-05-06 | 이남재 | Manufacturing method for a feeding food having a property of solid and soft particles |
| JP2005013116A (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-01-20 | Fisheries Research Agency | Feed for eel fingerling |
| JP4530248B2 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2010-08-25 | 独立行政法人水産総合研究センター | Eel larvae feed |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2688840B2 (en) | 1997-12-10 |
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