JPH02214442A - Brush device for rotary machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To stabilize the brush angle at the initial stage of rotation and to reduce fluctuation of input value by making the edge face of brush larger than the curvature of the surface of a commutator and making an annular groove, concentrically with the brush shaft in the edge face. CONSTITUTION:An annular groove 14a is made, concentrically to the brush shaft, in the edge face 10a of a brush 10. Longitudinal cross section crossing perpendicularly with the rotary shaft 13 is arched with a radius of curvature R2 larger than a radius of curvature R1 of a commutator chip 7. In such arrangement, the center of the brush 10 contacts with the commutator chip 7 at the start of rotation. At this time, a gap is provided at the intermediate section of the edge face 10a of the brush 10. When the commutator 6 rotates, the brush 10 abrades and abuts on the entire face when the gap is eliminated. Since the commutator chip 7 always abuts on the center of the brush 10 from initial stage of rotation to entire face contact of the edge face 10a, and the time to be elapsed before entire face contact is shortened, a good commutation state can be realized earlier.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は同転機の整流子に摺接するブラシ装置に関す
るものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a brush device that comes into sliding contact with a commutator of a rotating machine.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

第６図〜第９図は従来の回転機のブラシ装置を示す図で
、第６図は整流子電動機の縦断面図、第７図は第６図の
要部拡大図、第８図は第７図のＣ−Ｃ線断面図、第９図
はブラシ接触状態説明図である。Figures 6 to 9 are diagrams showing the brush device of a conventional rotating machine. Figure 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a commutator motor, Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the main parts of Figure 6, and Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a commutator motor. FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line C-C, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the brush contact state.

図中、１は電動機の外枠、２は外枠１に固定された同定
子、３は外枠１に軸受４を介して支持された回転軸、５
は回転軸３に固定された回転子、６は回転輪３に固定さ
れた整流子で、円周面に整流子片が軸方向の溝８を隔て
て配置されている。In the figure, 1 is an outer frame of the electric motor, 2 is an identifier fixed to the outer frame 1, 3 is a rotating shaft supported by the outer frame 1 via a bearing 4, and 5
6 is a rotor fixed to the rotating shaft 3, and 6 is a commutator fixed to the rotating wheel 3. Commutator pieces are arranged on the circumferential surface with an axial groove 8 in between.

日は外枠１に固定された保持具、１０は柱状に形成され
たカーボン製のブラシで、保持具９に保持され、その端
面１０＆は整流子片７に摺接している。１１はブラシ１
０に一端が埋設されて電気的に接続されたリード線、１
２は保持具Ｓ内に収納されブラシ１０を整流子片フに一
定力で押圧する押しばねであり、保持具９．ブラシ１０
．リードｍ１ｌｌ及び押しばね１２でブラシ装置１３が
構成されている。A holder is fixed to the outer frame 1, and a columnar carbon brush 10 is held by the holder 9, and its end face 10& is in sliding contact with the commutator piece 7. 11 is brush 1
0, one end of which is buried and electrically connected to the lead wire, 1
Reference numeral 2 denotes a push spring that is housed in the holder S and presses the brush 10 against the commutator piece with a constant force; brush 10
．． A brush device 13 is constituted by the lead m1ll and the push spring 12.

従来の回転機のブラシ装置は上記のように構成され、第
８図に示すように、ブラシ１０の端面１０ａは整流子片
７の曲率に合った曲面に形成されている。A conventional brush device for a rotating machine is constructed as described above, and as shown in FIG. 8, the end surface 10a of the brush 10 is formed into a curved surface matching the curvature of the commutator piece 7.

そして、回転子５が回転すると、整流子６も回転し、ブ
ラシ１０は押しばね１２の力により押圧されて、整流子
片７に摺接する。このとき、ブラシ１０は整流子６の回
転に伴って次第に摩耗していく。When the rotor 5 rotates, the commutator 6 also rotates, and the brush 10 is pressed by the force of the pressure spring 12 and comes into sliding contact with the commutator piece 7. At this time, the brush 10 gradually wears out as the commutator 6 rotates.

〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕[Problem to be solved by the invention]

上記のような従来の回転機のブラシ装置では、ブラシ１
０の端面１０ａの曲率半径は、整流子片７の曲率半径に
合わせて形成されているため、第７図に示すように、加
工時のズレによって、ブラシ１０の中心線Ａと端面１０
ａの曲率半径の中心Ｉ！Ｂが一致していなかったり、保
持具９が傾いていたり、ブラシ装置１３に組み付は誤差
があったりすると、入力値にバラツキが生じる。In the brush device of the conventional rotating machine as described above, the brush 1
Since the radius of curvature of the end surface 10a of the brush 10 is formed to match the radius of curvature of the commutator piece 7, as shown in FIG.
The center I of the radius of curvature of a! If B does not match, if the holder 9 is tilted, or if there is an error in the assembly of the brush device 13, the input values will vary.

すなわち、上記のような状態であると、回転開始時のブ
ラシ１０と整流子片７との当たり面の位置が散つさ、上
記当たり面の中心ｖａＣがブラシ１０の中心１１Ａから
ずれて、ブラシ角θが変動するため、初期の入力値が変
動するとともに、安定時と特性面で差が生じるという問
題点があった。That is, in the above state, the positions of the contact surfaces between the brush 10 and the commutator pieces 7 at the start of rotation are scattered, and the center vaC of the contact surfaces shifts from the center 11A of the brush 10, causing the brush Since the angle θ fluctuates, there is a problem in that the initial input value fluctuates and there is a difference in characteristics from when it is stable.

この発明は上記の課題を解消するためになされたもので
、回転初期のブラシ角を安定させ、人力値の変動を極力
少なくできろようにした回転機のブラシ装置を提供する
ことを目的とする。This invention was made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a brush device for a rotating machine that stabilizes the brush angle at the initial stage of rotation and minimizes fluctuations in human power values. .

〔課題を解決するための手段〕[Means to solve the problem]

この発明にかかる回転機のブラシ装置は、ブラシの端面
の形状を、整流子の軸と直交する縦断面では整流子表面
の曲率半径よりも大きい曲率半径を持つ円弧状に形成す
るとともに、乙の円弧状に形成の端面にブラシ軸と同心
の環状溝を形成したものである。In the brush device for a rotating machine according to the present invention, the end face of the brush is formed into an arc shape having a radius of curvature larger than the radius of curvature of the commutator surface in a longitudinal section perpendicular to the axis of the commutator. An annular groove concentric with the brush shaft is formed on the end face of the brush.

また、この発明に係る回転機のブラシ装置は、ブラシの
端面の形状を、整流子の軸と平行する平面に形成すると
ともに、この端面に１２！流子の軸と同一方向の平行溝
を形成したものである。Further, in the brush device for a rotating machine according to the present invention, the end face of the brush is formed into a plane parallel to the axis of the commutator, and the end face has a shape of 12! Parallel grooves are formed in the same direction as the flow axis.

〔作用］ この発明においては、ブラシの！１流子半径方向の曲率
半径を整流子の曲率半径よりも大きくしたため、又は整
流子の軸と平行な平面としたため、回転開始時には、常
にブラシ中央付近から整流子に当たり始める。また、こ
の端面に整流子の軸と直交する同心の環状溝又は整流子
の軸と同一方向の平行溝を形成しであるため、ブラシの
当たり初めから全面力たりまでの摩耗が少なく、早期に
全面力たりになる。[Function] In this invention, the brush! Because the radius of curvature in the radial direction of the first stream is made larger than the radius of curvature of the commutator, or because it is made into a plane parallel to the axis of the commutator, at the start of rotation, the brush always starts hitting the commutator from near the center of the brush. In addition, since a concentric annular groove perpendicular to the commutator axis or a parallel groove in the same direction as the commutator axis is formed on this end face, there is less wear from the initial contact of the brush to full force, and it can be quickly removed. It becomes full force.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

第１図〜第３図はこの発明の一実施例を示す図で、第１
図は取付状態を示す縦断面図、第２図は同側面図（−線
断面図）、第３図【まブラシを示しくａ）は端面図、（
ｂ）は（ａ）図のＡ−Ａ線断面図、（ｅ）は同Ｂ−Ｂ＠
断面図であり、従来装置と同様の部分は同一符号により
示す。Figures 1 to 3 are diagrams showing one embodiment of the present invention.
The figure is a vertical sectional view showing the installed state, Figure 2 is a side view (cross-sectional view taken along the - line), Figure 3 (a) showing the brush is an end view, (
b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in figure (a), and (e) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB@ in figure (a).
It is a sectional view, and portions similar to those of the conventional device are designated by the same reference numerals.

図中、１０はブラシで、その端面１０ａの形状は、第３
図に示すように、ブラシ軸を中心に同心の環状溝１４ａ
が形成されている。この環状溝１４ａの深さはブラシ全
面力たり時の円弧面の深さ寸法（第８図り寸法）と同−
又はわずかに大きい程度が望ましい。In the figure, 10 is a brush whose end surface 10a is shaped like a third brush.
As shown in the figure, an annular groove 14a concentric with the brush shaft
is formed. The depth of this annular groove 14a is the same as the depth dimension of the circular arc surface (8th dimension) when the brush is applied with full force.
Or a slightly larger degree is desirable.

また、第１図に示すように、回転軸３と直交する縦断面
におけろ環状溝１４ａの頂点ト４嘘を結ぶ面では整流子
片７の曲率半径Ｒ，よりも２割以上大きい曲率半径Ｒ８
を持つ円弧状に形成している。In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, in the longitudinal section perpendicular to the rotating shaft 3, the radius of curvature is at least 20% larger than the radius of curvature R of the commutator piece 7 on the surface connecting the apexes and 4 of the annular groove 14a. R8
It is formed into an arc shape.

上記のように構成された回転機のブラシ装置においては
、ブラシ１０の端面１０．の整流子片７半径方向の曲率
半径Ｒ，は整流子片７の曲率半径Ｒ８よりも大きいため
、回転開始時は第２図に示すように、常にブラシ１０の
中心が整流子片７に当たる。In the rotating machine brush device configured as described above, the end face 10 of the brush 10. Since the radius of curvature R in the radial direction of the commutator piece 7 is larger than the radius of curvature R8 of the commutator piece 7, the center of the brush 10 always hits the commutator piece 7 at the start of rotation, as shown in FIG.

この時、第１図及び第２図に示すようにブラシ１０の端
面１０ａは環状溝１４ａの頂点が最初に整流子片７に接
触し、中間は隙間となっている。At this time, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the apex of the annular groove 14a of the end surface 10a of the brush 10 first contacts the commutator piece 7, leaving a gap in the middle.

そして、整流子６が回転すると、ブラシ１０が摩耗し・
て上記Ｉｗ同がなくなった時点で、全面力たりとなる。When the commutator 6 rotates, the brush 10 wears out.
As soon as the above-mentioned Iw is gone, full power will be applied.

このようにして、回転初期から端面１０ａの全面力たり
まで、整流子片７との当たりは常にブラシ１０の中心と
なり、かつ全面歯たりまでの時間は短くなり、早期に良
好な整流状態が得られる。In this way, from the initial stage of rotation until the full force of the end face 10a is reached, the contact with the commutator piece 7 is always at the center of the brush 10, and the time until the full face contact is shortened, and a good commutation state can be achieved at an early stage. It will be done.

第４図〜第５図はこの発明の他の実施例を示す図で、第
４図は取付状態を示す縦断面図、第５図は同側面図（−
線断面）である。4 and 5 are views showing other embodiments of the present invention, in which FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the installed state, and FIG. 5 is a side view (-
line cross section).

図中、１０はブラシで、その端面１０ａの形状は、第４
図に示すように回転軸３と平行する平面となっており、
この面に軸３と同一方向の複数の平行溝１４ｂが形成さ
れている。In the figure, 10 is a brush whose end surface 10a has a shape similar to that of the fourth brush.
As shown in the figure, it is a plane parallel to the rotation axis 3,
A plurality of parallel grooves 14b are formed in this surface in the same direction as the shaft 3.

上記のように構成された回転機のブラシ装置においては
、−ブラシ１０の端面１０ａは、回転開始時は第４図に
示すように、常にブラシ１０の中心が整流子片７に当た
る。In the brush device for a rotating machine configured as described above, the center of the brush 10 always hits the commutator piece 7 when the end face 10a of the brush 10 starts rotating, as shown in FIG.

そして、整流子６が回転すると、ブラシ１０が摩耗して
上記隙間がなくなった時点で、全面歯たりとなる。Then, when the commutator 6 rotates, the brushes 10 are worn out and when the above-mentioned gap disappears, the entire surface becomes toothed.

この様にして、回転初期から端面１０＆の全面歯たりま
で、整流子片７との当たりは常にブラシ１０の中心とな
り、かつ全面歯たりまでの時間は短くなり、早期に良好
な整流状態が得られる。In this way, from the initial stage of rotation until the entire surface of the end face 10& is in contact with the brush 10, the contact with the commutator piece 7 is always at the center of the brush 10, and the time until the entire surface is in contact is shortened, and a good commutation state can be obtained at an early stage. It will be done.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上説明したとおりこの発明では、回転初期のブラシ角
を安定させ、入力値の変動を少なくすることができると
ともに、ブラシと整流子との全面歯たりまでの時間が短
縮でき、良好な整流状態を早期に得ろことができるとい
う効果がある。As explained above, in this invention, the brush angle at the initial stage of rotation can be stabilized, fluctuations in input values can be reduced, and the time required for the brush and commutator to completely contact each other can be shortened, and a good commutation state can be maintained. The effect is that you can get it early.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図はこの発明による回転機のブラシ装置の一実施例
を示す縦断面図、第２図はその側面図、第３図（ａ）、
（ｂ）、（ｃ）はブラシの端面図と、（ａ）図のＡ−Ａ
線断面図と、同Ｂ−Ｂ線断面図、第４図はこの発明の他
の実施例を示す縦断面図、第５図はその側面図、第６図
は回転機のブラシ装置を備えた整流子ｉ４！ｌＩ！１機
の縦断面図、第７図は第６図の要部拡大図、第８図は第
７図のＣ−Ｃ線断面図、第９図はブラシ接触状態説明図
である。 図において、３は回転軸、８は整流子、７は整流子片、
１０はブラシ、１０ａは端面、１３はブラシ装置、１４
ａは環状溝、１４ｂは平行溝である。 第１　（２） 代理人　大　岩　増　雄（外２名） 牙２０ 牙 図 （ａ） （ｂ） （Ｃ） オ６ 目 １″？ 牙４２ 第５口 牙 図Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of a brush device for a rotating machine according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a side view thereof, Fig. 3(a),
(b) and (c) are end views of the brush, and A-A in figure (a).
4 is a vertical sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of the same, and FIG. Commutator i4! lI! 7 is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line C--C of FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the brush contact state. In the figure, 3 is a rotating shaft, 8 is a commutator, 7 is a commutator piece,
10 is a brush, 10a is an end face, 13 is a brush device, 14
a is an annular groove, and 14b is a parallel groove. 1st (2) Agent Masuo Oiwa (2 others) Fang 20 Fang drawing (a) (b) (C) O6 Eye 1″? Fang 42 5th mouth tusk drawing

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] （１）　回転する整流子に端面が摺接して電気的に接続
されるブラシの端面の形状を、上記整流子の軸と直交す
る縦断面では上記整流子表面の曲率半径よりも大きい曲
率半径を持つ円弧状に形成するとともに、この円弧状の
端面にブラシ軸と同心の環状溝を形成したことを特徴と
する回転機のブラシ装置。(1) The shape of the end face of the brush whose end face is in sliding contact with the rotating commutator to electrically connect it has a radius of curvature larger than the radius of curvature of the commutator surface in a longitudinal section perpendicular to the axis of the commutator. What is claimed is: 1. A brush device for a rotating machine, characterized in that the brush is formed into an arc shape, and an annular groove concentric with a brush shaft is formed on the end face of the arc shape. （２）　上記ブラシの端面の形状を、整流子の軸と平行
する平面に形成するとともに、この端面に上記整流子の
軸と同一方向の平行溝を形成したことを特徴とする回転
機のブラシ装置。(2) A brush for a rotating machine, characterized in that the end face of the brush is formed into a plane parallel to the axis of the commutator, and parallel grooves are formed in the end face in the same direction as the axis of the commutator. Device.