JPH02192836A - Forming method for conical end plate of pressure vessel - Google Patents
Forming method for conical end plate of pressure vesselInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02192836A JPH02192836A JP1342889A JP1342889A JPH02192836A JP H02192836 A JPH02192836 A JP H02192836A JP 1342889 A JP1342889 A JP 1342889A JP 1342889 A JP1342889 A JP 1342889A JP H02192836 A JPH02192836 A JP H02192836A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- conical
- end plate
- plate
- conical end
- blank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は圧力容器形成時使用されるコニカル鏡板を溶接
継手を要せず、ブランク材より所定形状に成形する製作
法に間するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention provides a manufacturing method for forming a conical head plate used in forming a pressure vessel into a predetermined shape from a blank material without requiring welded joints. .
圧力容器は、その使用条件が多岐にわたり、温度・圧力
及び流速等の変化に対応するため、胴板、鏡板は円錐体
の形状（コニカル）に寸法（直径）が変換されている。Pressure vessels are used under a wide variety of conditions, and in order to cope with changes in temperature, pressure, flow velocity, etc., the dimensions (diameter) of the body plate and head plate are converted to a conical shape.
特に本発明に係わるコニカル鏡板が適用される場合が多
く重要視されているところである。In particular, the conical end plate according to the present invention is often applied and is considered important.
圧力容器用鏡板の形状９寸法２種類等は広範囲にわたっ
ている。この圧力容器用鏡板の成形加工は、プレス、ス
ピニング及び分割工法が適用され、更にこれらは冷閏加
工と熱間加工に分類される。There are a wide range of shapes, nine dimensions, and two types of end plates for pressure vessels. Pressing, spinning, and splitting methods are applied to the forming process of this end plate for pressure vessels, and these are further classified into cold working and hot working.
コニカル鏡板は、他の鏡板と異なり円錐体形の角度が指
定されている。コニカル鏡板の成形加工は第６図（ａ）
に示す如く、展開した各セグメントを単動ブレスで所定
の角度に押し、これを仮組みし２線溶接して製作する方
法、又は若干プレス時間を要するが、−枚板でプレス押
し後１＆Ｉ溶接して製作する方法（第５図（ｂ））が現
在適用されている。Conical head plates differ from other head plates in that they have a specified conical angle. Figure 6 (a) shows the forming process of the conical end plate.
As shown in the figure, each unfolded segment is pressed at a predetermined angle with a single-acting press, then temporarily assembled and two-wire welded.Alternatively, although it takes some pressing time, - press pressing with a sheet of plate followed by 1&I welding. The manufacturing method (FIG. 5(b)) is currently being applied.
溶接で組み立てる方法によると仮組時の寸法の調整及び
溶接等の作業が必要となり、作業工数が多く、製作が非
常に複雑なものとなる。プレス後の伸縮を考慮した場合
、仮組みに際しては寸法確認後再切断する必要がある。According to the method of assembling by welding, operations such as dimensional adjustment and welding during temporary assembly are required, resulting in a large number of man-hours and making the production extremely complicated. When considering expansion and contraction after pressing, it is necessary to re-cut after checking the dimensions during temporary assembly.
コニカル鏡板の径、高さ及び板厚等が変化すれば（大型
化）この分割数が増大することは当然の理である。この
大型のコニカル鏡板は分割数が多く、その製作には多数
の溶接を要し、製作が複雑なものとなっている。It is a matter of course that the number of divisions increases if the diameter, height, thickness, etc. of the conical end plate change (as it becomes larger). This large conical end plate has many parts, and its manufacture requires a large number of welding operations, making it complicated to manufacture.
一般に皿形鏡板、正半だ同体形鏡板をプレス成形する場
合、所定の形状を有する金型を用いて複動油圧プレス機
によりワンプレス工法により成形加工されるが、コニカ
ル鏡板を同じ方法にて成形加工すると、コニカル先端部
及びその近傍部が金型に接触するところのタイム・ラグ
があり、先端部が集中荷重を受け、大きな歪変形と応力
の付加並びに当該部の材質硬化９強度の上昇、伸率の低
減等によりコニカル鏡板の先端部近傍は割れ発生へと進
展する。この割れ発生状況の一例を第２図に示す。また
、先端部の穴を先にあけておき、金型をセットして複動
油圧プレスを用いて成形加工すると、荷重が当該部に集
中し、開孔していくと共に、微小割れ発生の現象を示す
。第３図はこの状況を示したものである。Generally, when press-forming a dish-shaped head plate or a half-shape head plate, the molding process is performed using a mold with a predetermined shape using a double-acting hydraulic press machine using the one-press method, but a conical head plate can be formed using the same method. During molding, there is a time lag when the conical tip and its vicinity come into contact with the mold, and the tip receives a concentrated load, resulting in large distortions and stress, as well as an increase in material hardening9 strength in that area. , cracks develop near the tip of the conical end plate due to a decrease in elongation. An example of this cracking situation is shown in FIG. 2. In addition, if a hole is drilled at the tip first, a mold is set, and a double-acting hydraulic press is used to perform the forming process, the load will be concentrated on the tip, causing the hole to open and micro-cracking to occur. shows. Figure 3 shows this situation.
また、応力集中を緩和するために、肯えて切断線を設置
してプレス成形すると、第４図に示す如く、切断線が広
くなる傾向を示す。Furthermore, when press forming is performed with cutting lines set in order to alleviate stress concentration, the cutting lines tend to become wider, as shown in FIG.
従って形状修正を行い、この部分を補正し、タック溶接
を行うには相当の手間を要することになる。Therefore, a considerable amount of effort is required to modify the shape, correct this portion, and perform tack welding.
本発明では溶接継手を要せず、コニカル鏡板をブランク
材より所定の形状に、しかも従来プレス工法によるよう
な割れ発生現象を防止し、簡易にかつ精度よく成形する
ことを目的とする。The object of the present invention is to form a conical end plate into a predetermined shape from a blank material easily and with high precision without requiring welded joints, while preventing the occurrence of cracking that occurs with conventional press methods.
所要のサイズに切断されたブランク材に一次加工を与え
、次いで所定のコニカル形状を有する特殊金型を用い複
動油圧プレス機により所要のコニカルを成形する。A blank material cut to a required size is subjected to primary processing, and then a special mold having a predetermined conical shape is used to form the required conical shape using a double-acting hydraulic press machine.
以下本発明による圧力容器のコニカル鏡板成形法を図示
の実施例にもとづき説明する。The method for forming a conical end plate for a pressure vessel according to the present invention will be explained below based on the illustrated embodiments.
形成する圧力容器の大きさ、耐圧、使用目的等に応じた
材質、板厚を用いて所要径に切断してブランク材１を成
形する。この所要のサイズに切断されたブランク材に一
次加工を与え、次いで所定のコニカル形状を有する金型
を用い複動油圧プレス機により所要のコニカルを成形す
る。The blank material 1 is formed by cutting it into a required diameter using a material and plate thickness depending on the size, pressure resistance, purpose of use, etc. of the pressure vessel to be formed. The blank material cut to the required size is subjected to primary processing, and then a required conical shape is formed using a double-acting hydraulic press machine using a mold having a predetermined conical shape.
この場合、材質、板厚、直径１円錐角及び高さ等の条件
によって付加する加工度を適宜選択する。In this case, the degree of processing to be added is appropriately selected depending on conditions such as material, plate thickness, diameter per cone angle, and height.
成形を行ったコニカル鏡板の種類及び試験内容を表１に
示す。Table 1 shows the type of conical end plate that was molded and the details of the test.
表１
コニカル鏡板の種類及び試験内容
（なお径の単位及び板厚の単位は−である。）次に本発
明により成形したコニカル鏡板の試験結果を示す。Table 1 Types of conical head plates and test details (The unit of diameter and the unit of plate thickness are -.) Next, the test results of the conical head plate molded according to the present invention are shown.
外観検査及びＰＴ（浸透探傷試験）の結果すべての鏡板
の内外面全面について外観検査を行ったが、割れ、ブレ
スキズ、ボディーしわ等の発生は認められなかった。ま
た、すべての鏡板の頂点部外面（２００ｍｍφ）につい
て、ＰＴを行ったが欠陥指示は認められなかった。Results of appearance inspection and PT (penetrant testing) We conducted an appearance inspection of the entire interior and exterior surfaces of all mirror plates, but no cracks, breath scratches, body wrinkles, etc. were observed. In addition, PT was performed on the outer surfaces of the apex portions (200 mmφ) of all end plates, but no defect indication was observed.
寸法検査の結果
各鏡板の寸法検査結果は表２に示すとおりであり、寸法
的にも良好なコニカル形状が得られた。Results of dimensional inspection The dimensional inspection results of each end plate are as shown in Table 2, and a conical shape with good dimensions was obtained.
表２
各鏡板の寸法検査結果
ネ１ ：板厚は成形品全体にね
ミクロ組織試験の結果
成形したコニカル鏡板の頂点部、中間部、大径部の板厚
中心におけるミクロ組織においては結晶粒の変形、有害
なスリップバンド等は認められず、良好なミクロ組織で
あることがわかった。Table 2 Dimensional inspection results for each head plate 1: Plate thickness is determined for the entire molded product.As a result of the microstructure test, it was found that the microstructure of the molded conical head plate at the center of the plate thickness at the apex, middle, and large-diameter portions had no crystal grains. No deformation, harmful slip bands, etc. were observed, and the microstructure was found to be good.
硬さ試験の結果
成形したコニカル鏡板の頂点部、中間部及び大径部の硬
さ試験結果を第６図に示す。鏡板Ｎα３（材質：５５４
１）については、頂点部の硬さがＨＶ１９６〜２００で
あり、中間部及び大径部がＨＶ１６２〜１６８となって
いた。鏡板Ｎα５（材質：５ＬＩＳ３０４）については
、頂点部がＨＶ２５８〜２６４であり、中間部及び大径
部がＨＶＩ９？〜２１３であった。これより鏡板頂点部
においてかなりの加工硬化が認められるが、いずれの鏡
板についても、−船釣鏡板（皿形及び２：ｌ半楕円体形
）のフランジ部の硬さと同程度であった。Hardness Test Results The hardness test results for the top, middle, and large diameter portions of the molded conical end plate are shown in FIG. End plate Nα3 (Material: 554
Regarding 1), the hardness of the apex part was HV196-200, and the hardness of the middle part and large diameter part was HV162-168. Regarding the end plate Nα5 (material: 5LIS304), the apex part has HV258 to 264, and the middle part and large diameter part have HVI9? It was ~213. Although considerable work hardening was observed at the apex of the head plate, the hardness of each head plate was comparable to that of the flange portion of the -ship fishing mirror plate (dish-shaped and 2:1 semi-ellipsoid shape).
板厚変化及び歪の測定結果
第７図に示すように、ブランク材に歪測定用マーキング
を行い、成形による表面の歪及び板厚変化を測定した。Measurement Results of Change in Plate Thickness and Strain As shown in FIG. 7, markings for strain measurement were made on the blank material, and surface distortion and change in plate thickness due to molding were measured.
その結果を同図に示す。これより、各鏡板とも、周方向
の歪は頂点部で２０％程度の伸びを示し、頂点より離れ
るにつれて急激に減少し、中間部から大径部にかけては
収縮となっていた。一方、半径方向の歪は、頂点部近傍
では周方向と同様であるが、中間部から大径部にかけて
は収縮には転じず数％の伸びとなっていた。板厚の変化
を見ると、いずれの鏡板についても頂点部で１５〜２０
％の板厚減少を示し、中間部に向かって減少率は低下し
て、中間部で０％となっていた。中間部から大径部にか
けては、板厚が薄い場合、板厚変化は認めがたいが、板
厚が厚くなるにつれて、大径部で板厚増加となっている
ことがわかった。The results are shown in the figure. From this, it was found that for each mirror plate, the strain in the circumferential direction showed an elongation of about 20% at the apex, rapidly decreased as the distance from the apex increased, and contraction occurred from the middle part to the large diameter part. On the other hand, the strain in the radial direction was similar to that in the circumferential direction near the apex, but from the middle part to the large diameter part it did not shrink but elongated by several percent. Looking at the change in plate thickness, it is 15 to 20 at the top of each mirror plate.
%, and the rate of decrease decreased toward the middle part, reaching 0% at the middle part. It was found that from the middle part to the large diameter part, if the plate thickness was thin, the change in plate thickness was difficult to notice, but as the plate thickness became thicker, the plate thickness increased in the large diameter part.
本試験において検討を行ったコニカル鏡板の成形性をま
とめると次のようである。The formability of the conical end plate examined in this test is summarized as follows.
（１）頂角（円錐角）が９０° １２０°及び１４０”
大径寸法が６００ｍｍφ 及び２０００ ｆｆｌ５φの
コニカル鏡板について、材質をＳＳ４１及び５ＵＳ３０
４の２種類、板厚を４．５ｎ＋ｌ１（４ｎｎ＋）、６ｓ
Ｉｍ及び９■の３橿類で成形試験を行った結果、外観的
にも寸法的にも良好なコニカル鏡板の成形が可能である
ことが判明した。(1) Apex angle (cone angle) is 90°, 120° and 140”
For conical end plates with large diameter dimensions of 600 mmφ and 2000 ffl5φ, the material is SS41 and 5US30.
2 types of 4, plate thickness 4.5n+l1 (4nn+), 6s
As a result of conducting molding tests on three types of rods, Im and 9■, it was found that it was possible to mold a conical head plate with good appearance and dimensions.
（２）頂角カ月２０°で、大径寸法が６００−のコニカ
ル鏡板の内、材質ＳＳ４１板厚９閣及び材質５ＵＳ３０
４板厚６ｍの２種類について、成形による材質的変化を
調査したが、ミクロ組繊の点でも、また硬さの点でも、
−船釣な鏡板と同様のものであった。(2) Conical end plate with an apex angle of 20 degrees and a large diameter of 600 mm, material SS41 plate thickness 9 mm and material 5 US 30
We investigated the material changes due to molding for two types of 4 sheets with a thickness of 6 m, and found that both in terms of microstructure and hardness.
-It was similar to the mirror plate used in boat fishing.
（３）頂角が１２０″″ 大径寸法が６００−のコニカ
ル鏡板５種類について、成形前後の歪及び板厚変化を測
定の結果、ワンプレス工法により成形された鏡板の歪及
び板厚減少は、頂角、大径寸法、材質、板厚等の諸条件
により多少変化するが、頂点部で２０％前後の歪及び板
厚減少となり、大径側に向かって急激にそれらの値は低
下し、大径部では数％の歪及び板厚増加になることが推
定できた。(3) As a result of measuring the distortion and plate thickness change before and after forming for 5 types of conical end plates with an apex angle of 120'' and a large diameter size of 600- Although it varies somewhat depending on various conditions such as the apex angle, large diameter dimensions, material, and plate thickness, the strain and plate thickness decrease by around 20% at the apex, and these values decrease rapidly toward the large diameter side. It was estimated that the strain and plate thickness would increase by several percent in the large diameter section.
本発明による圧力容器のコニカル鏡板成形法は所要のサ
イズに切断されたブランク材に一次加工を付加し、次い
で所定のコニカル形状を有する特殊金型を用い複動油圧
プレス機により所要のコニカルを成形するため、溶接作
業を要せず、作業性に優れ、しかも素材加工時、集中荷
重を受けることがないので割れが生じることなく精度よ
くプレス加工にてかつ簡易に所要形状に成形することが
できる。さらに、同一頂角のコニカル鏡板は同一の金型
を使用して成形できる経済的にも大きな利点もある。The method of forming a conical end plate for a pressure vessel according to the present invention involves adding primary processing to a blank material cut to the required size, and then forming the required conical shape using a special mold with a predetermined conical shape using a double-action hydraulic press machine. Therefore, there is no need for welding work, and the workability is excellent, and since the material is not subjected to concentrated loads during material processing, it can be easily formed into the desired shape by press working with high precision without causing cracks. . Furthermore, conical end plates with the same apex angle can be molded using the same mold, which has a great economical advantage.
第１図は本発明による圧力容器のコニカル鏡板成形法を
示す工程説明図、第２図乃至第５図は公知例を示し、第
２図はプレス工法を示す説明図、第３図は先穴明は工法
を示す説明図、第４図は一部切断した製作方法を示す説
明図、第５図は溶接工法を示す説明図、第６図は鏡板各
部の板厚方向の硬さ分布図、第７図はコニカル鏡板の歪
及び板厚変化の測定結果を示すグラフ図である。
１はブランク材、２はコニカル鏡板の成形品。
（支）
第３図
（Ｂ）Fig. 1 is a process explanatory diagram showing the conical head plate forming method for a pressure vessel according to the present invention, Figs. Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the construction method, Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the manufacturing method with a partial cut, Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the welding method, Figure 6 is a hardness distribution diagram in the thickness direction of each part of the head plate, FIG. 7 is a graph showing the measurement results of the distortion and plate thickness change of the conical end plate. 1 is a blank material, 2 is a molded conical end plate. (Support) Figure 3 (B)
Claims (1)
を与え、次いで所定のコニカル形状を有する特殊金型を
用い複動油圧プレス機により所要のコニカルを成形する
ことを特徴とする圧力容器のコニカル鏡板成形法。(1) A pressure vessel characterized in that a blank material cut to a required size is subjected to primary processing, and then a special mold having a predetermined conical shape is used to form the required conical shape by a double-acting hydraulic press machine. Conical head plate forming method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1013428A JPH07112580B2 (en) | 1989-01-23 | 1989-01-23 | Conical end plate forming method for pressure vessel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1013428A JPH07112580B2 (en) | 1989-01-23 | 1989-01-23 | Conical end plate forming method for pressure vessel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02192836A true JPH02192836A (en) | 1990-07-30 |
| JPH07112580B2 JPH07112580B2 (en) | 1995-12-06 |
Family
ID=11832870
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1013428A Expired - Lifetime JPH07112580B2 (en) | 1989-01-23 | 1989-01-23 | Conical end plate forming method for pressure vessel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07112580B2 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60170544A (en) * | 1984-01-16 | 1985-09-04 | デイトン・リライアブル・ツール・アンド・マニユフアクチユアリング・カンパニー | Molding of can shell |
-
1989
- 1989-01-23 JP JP1013428A patent/JPH07112580B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60170544A (en) * | 1984-01-16 | 1985-09-04 | デイトン・リライアブル・ツール・アンド・マニユフアクチユアリング・カンパニー | Molding of can shell |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH07112580B2 (en) | 1995-12-06 |
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