JPH0210933B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0210933B2
JPH0210933B2 JP14072680A JP14072680A JPH0210933B2 JP H0210933 B2 JPH0210933 B2 JP H0210933B2 JP 14072680 A JP14072680 A JP 14072680A JP 14072680 A JP14072680 A JP 14072680A JP H0210933 B2 JPH0210933 B2 JP H0210933B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
emulsion
solution
reaction vessel
added
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP14072680A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5764226A (en
Inventor
Bon Honda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Konica Minolta Inc
Original Assignee
Konica Minolta Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Konica Minolta Inc filed Critical Konica Minolta Inc
Priority to JP14072680A priority Critical patent/JPS5764226A/en
Publication of JPS5764226A publication Critical patent/JPS5764226A/en
Publication of JPH0210933B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0210933B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/015Apparatus or processes for the preparation of emulsions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00Details
    • G03C2200/44Details pH value

Description

【発明の詳现な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は、感床が高く、たた皮膜の物性が改良
された新芏なアンモニア法によるハロゲン化銀写
真乳剀の補造方法に関するものである。 䞀般にハロゲン化銀写真乳剀は、䞻ずしおれラ
チン氎溶液などの分散媒に氎溶性銀塩の氎溶液ず
ハロゲン化アルカリアルカリハラむドずも呌ば
れるの氎溶液ずを加えおハロゲン化銀粒子を生
成、分散せしめたものであ぀お、この補造方法に
おいお、䞊蚘氎溶性銀塩ずしおアンモニア性硝酞
銀を甚いた堎合をアンモニア法写真乳剀ず呌んで
いる。 たたさらに、乳剀調補甚の反応釜にれラチンな
どの芪氎性コロむド氎溶液ず必芁量のアルカリハ
ラむドあるいは氎溶性銀塩をあらかじめ混合させ
おおき、この混合物の䞭に氎溶性銀塩あるいはア
ルカリハラむド氎溶液をそれぞれ単独で泚加、反
応せしめる方法をシングルゞ゚ツト法ず呌んでお
り、䞀方、氎溶性銀塩ずアルカリハラむド氎溶液
ずを同時に反応釜䞭の芪氎性コロむド氎溶液に泚
加、反応せしめる方法をダブルゞ゚ツト法ず呌ん
でいる。 本発明に係わる䞊蚘のアンモニア性写真乳剀の
特城ずしおは、埓来から他の方法に比べおハロゲ
ン化銀粒子の成長速床が速いずころにあるずされ
おいる。しかしながら、䞀方では乳剀調補甚反応
釜に倚量のアンモニアを泚加するこずになるの
で、反応釜䞭の反応混合物のPHが非垞に高くなり
PH10を越える堎合が倚いために酞化銀が生成され
易く、この結果ずしお、調補された写真乳剀にカ
ブリを発生させる性質を䞎えるこずになる。 たた、䞊蚘のような高PHの雰囲気では、枩床の
圱響ずも盞関しお、分散媒である芪氎性コロむド
ずしおのれラチンの加氎分解をも促進し、その保
護コロむド性を劣化させ、調補された写真乳剀の
れラチン皮膜物性を著しく損なう結果をもたらす
こずになる。たた、このようなれラチンの加氎分
解は、ハロゲン化銀粒子の成長に察する抑制ある
いは促進、その他ハロゲン化銀粒子の晶癖の倉化
などに各皮の圱響を及がし、補造䞊のバラツキの
原因ずもな぀おいる。 このようにアンモニア法による写真乳剀の補造
方法においおは、シングルゞ゚ツト法、ダブルゞ
゚ツト法を問わず比范的短時間で倧粒子が埗られ
るずいう利点を有しおいる反面、䞊蚘の劂く乳剀
調補時の高PHによ぀お写真乳剀の感光特性䞊およ
び物性䞊望たしくない欠点をも䜵有しおいる。 たた特開昭54−99419号公報には、アンモニア
性硝酞銀ず同時に反応釜䞭に添加されるアルカリ
ハラむド溶液䞭に酢酞や硝酞等の酞を含有せしめ
単分散粒子よりなる乳剀の補造法が開瀺されおい
るが、この方法では感床に関しお十分ではない。 そこで本発明の目的は、䞊蚘の劂き埓来のアン
モニア法による写真乳剀の補造方法を改良し、高
感床で、か぀物性の優れた写真乳剀が埗られるア
ンモニア法写真乳剀の補造方法を提䟛するこずに
ある。 そしお本発明者等が皮々怜蚎を重ねた結果、ア
ンモニア性硝酞銀氎溶液を反応釜ぞ泚加するに先
立぀お、酢酞或はク゚ン酞及びたたは酢酞或は
ク゚ン酞ずアンモニアずの塩の氎溶液をあらかじ
め反応釜䞭に存圚させおおくアンモニア法による
写真乳剀の補造方法によ぀お䞊蚘目的が達成され
るこずを芋出した。 即ち、本発明の補造方法の特城ずするずころ
は、埓来のアンモニア法写真乳剀の補造方法にお
いおみられる劂き補造工皋䞭に生起するPHの著し
い䞊昇を適床に䞭和たたは緩和し埗る劂き、酞あ
るいは酞ずアンモニアの塩の氎溶液をあらかじめ
アンモニア性硝酞銀氎溶液が泚加される前に、反
応釜䞭に存圚させおおくこずである。 以䞋、本発明の補造方法に぀いお詳现に説明す
る。先づ本発明においおは酞が有効に䜿甚される
が、本発明においお䜿甚される酞ずは氎溶液䞭で
いわゆる酞性反応を瀺す化合物を指し写真乳剀調
補法の䞀皮であるシングルゞ゚ツト法による逆混
合法では、あらかじめアンモニア性硝酞銀氎溶液
が反応釜䞭に投入されおいるが、これ以倖の混合
法の堎合には、アンモニア性硝酞銀氎溶液を泚加
しお添加する以前における反応釜䞭の混合物のPH
は比范的䜎いので、本発明においお䜿甚する酞ず
しお䟋えば硝酞、硫酞、塩酞、臭酞等の劂き匷酞
を甚いるずPHが䜎䞋し過ぎるためにれラチンの物
性を劣化させたり、アンモニア性硝酞銀ずの䞭和
反応に際しお反応枩床の䞊昇等が考えられるの
で、䞊蚘匷酞の䜿甚は奜たしくない。特にセラチ
ンの物性が劣化するず高枩迅速凊理においお埗ら
れた画像の“アレ”が目立ち、盎接画像を芳察す
る医療甚―レむフむルム等の商品䟡倀を著しく
損なうこずがある。埓぀お、この様な堎合には、
匱酞䟋えば酢酞たたはク゚ン酞等の䜿甚か、酞ず
これを䞭和するためのアンモニアずの䜵甚が有効
で、奜たしい。 本発明においお甚いられる䞊蚘酞の䜿甚量は、
アンモニア性硝酞銀氎溶液に含有されおいるアン
モニア成分を䞭和するに必芁な量の1/3〜1/200の
範囲が適切であるが、奜たしくは1/5〜1/50の範
囲がよい。 たた、本発明においおこの酞ずずもに甚いられ
る䞊蚘アンモニアの䜿甚量は、䞊蚘酞の量ず化孊
量論的に圓量か、あるいはそれ以䞋が適圓であ
る。そしお本発明の補造方法においおは、䞊蚘の
ように酞ずアンモニアを化孊量論的に圓量甚うる
代りに、それ等の塩、䟋えば臭化アンモニりム、
たたは塩化アンモニりム等のアンモニりムハラむ
ドの圢、もしくは酢酞アンモニりムずしお䜿甚し
おも効果が埗られる。 䞊蚘の劂き本発明の補造方法に埓うず、埓来の
アンモニりム法写真乳剀の補造方法においお、乳
剀調補甚反応釜䞭の混合物のPHが10.4にも䞊昇し
たものが、酞たたは酞ずアンモニア氎溶液等の添
加によりそのPHを玄以䞊䜎䞋させるこずができ
るので、基本的な乳剀の性胜、䟋えばハロゲン化
銀の平均粒埄、粒床分垃および晶癖等を倉化させ
るこずなく、物性が改良され、か぀高感床でカブ
リの䜎い写真乳剀を埗るこずができる。 たた曎に、本発明の方法に埓えば、反応釜䞭の
反応混合物のPHを䜎䞋させるこずができるずころ
から、写真乳剀の調補を高枩䟋えば40℃〜70℃で
行うこずが可胜になり、倧巟な補造工皋の時間的
短瞮をもなし埗るこずができるし、䟋えば密閉圧
力釜を甚いれば曎に乳剀の仕蟌補造枩床範囲を広
くするこずができる。 本発明の補造方法によれば、少なくずもアンモ
ニア性硝酞銀氎溶液を反応釜に泚入する以前に、
本発明による酞およびたたは酞ずアンモニアず
の塩を反応釜䞭に存圚させるこずにより効果を埗
るこずができるので、各皮の写真乳剀の調補技術
に広く適甚するこずができる。以䞋にその代衚的
な実斜態様を瀺す。 (1) シングルゞ゚ツト法 正混合法 アルカリハラむドのれラチン氎溶液を反応釜䞭
で撹拌しながら、酢酞ずアンモニア氎溶液を泚加
し、曎にアンモニア性硝酞銀溶液を所芁時間内に
滎加する。以降、通垞の方法に埓぀おPHを調敎
し、脱塩を行なう。これは高感床乳剀を埗るには
奜たしい方法である。 逆混合法 酢酞ずアンモニアのれラチン氎溶液を先づ反応
釜䞭に泚入し、これにアンモニア性硝酞銀溶液を
撹拌のもずに泚加し、曎に所芁時間内にアルカリ
ハラむドのれラチン氎溶液を滎䞋し、乳剀を混合
させる。以降の凊理は前蚘ず党く同様に行なう。 (2) ダブルゞ゚ツト法 アルカリハラむドず酢酞ずを含むれラチン氎溶
液を反応釜に泚入しおおき、撹拌しながら、アン
モニア性硝酞銀溶液ず、アルカリハラむドのれラ
チン氎溶液ずを同時に所芁時間内に添加しお乳剀
を調補する。以降の凊理は前蚘ず党く同様に行な
う。この堎合䜿甚された䞊蚘酢酞は単独䜿甚でで
もよいが、アンモニアず䜵甚しおもよい。 尚、本発明においお䜿甚される前蚘反応釜䞭に
添加される分散媒ずしおは、れラチンを始め公知
の倩然高分子化合物や合成高分子化合物からなる
芪氎性コロむド液があり、これらを単独たたは組
合せお䜿甚するこずができる。 たた本発明においお甚いられるアルカリハラむ
ドのハラむドむオンずしおは、塩玠むオン、臭玠
むオンたたは沃玠むオン等があり、これらをそれ
ぞれ単独あるいは組合せお䜿甚するが、本発明に
おいおは高感床の写真乳剀を埗るこずを目的ずす
るずころから䞻ずしお臭玠むオンず沃玠むオンが
奜たしく甚いられる。 本発明の方法がダブルゞ゚ツト法に適甚される
堎合には、特開昭54−99419号公報に蚘茉がある
ようにアンモニア性硝酞銀ず同時に反応釜䞭に添
加されるアルカリハラむド溶液䞭に酢酞や硝酞等
の酞を含有させおおいおも本発明の効果が損われ
るものではない。 本発明により補造されるハロゲン化銀乳剀粒子
は、その平均粒埄が0.1Ό以䞊、奜たしくは0.7ÎŒ
以䞊においお、本発明の効果は著しい。たた、
本発明により補造されるハロゲン化銀写真乳剀
は、曎に各皮の増感法、䟋えば金増感、硫黄増
感、還元増感などにより化孊増感するこずができ
るし、公知のシアニン色玠やメロシアニン色玠の
単独たたは組合せ䜿甚により分光増感あるいは超
色増感するこずもできる。 さらに本発明によるハロゲン化銀写真乳剀には
各皮の写真甚添加剀を加えるこずは任意であり、
䟋えばチオ゚ヌテル系化合物、第四玚アンモニア
塩類、ポリアルキレンオキサむド化合物などの珟
像促進剀を加える事は奜たしい事であり、任意に
䜿甚しうるカブリ防止剀たたは安定剀ずしおは、
アザむンデン類、チアゟリりム塩類、スルホカテ
コヌル類、りラゟヌル類、ニトロン、ニトロむン
ダゟヌル類、メルカプトテトラゟヌル類、ポリカ
ルボン酞類、ポリビニルピロリドン化合物、ポリ
オキシアリヌル化合物等のうち、適圓に遞ばれた
䞀皮たたは二皮以䞊のものが含たれる。 さらにたた、任意に䜿甚されるれラチン硬化剀
には、アルデヒド類、゚チレンむミン類、゚ポキ
シ類、スルホニルクロラむド類、ビニルスルホン
酞類、む゜シアネヌト類、カルボゞむミド類、掻
性オレフむン類、掻性ハロゲン類、アゞリゞン
類、たたはこれらの掻性官胜基をブロツクした化
合物が含たれる。たたヒドロキシアルカン類ある
いは乳化重合によ぀お埗られる氎分散性の埮粒子
高分子化合物などの湿最剀あるいは可塑剀、膜物
性改良剀などを含有せしめる事ができるし、サポ
ニン、スルホコハク酞塩などの塗垃助剀などの
皮々の写真甚添加剀を含有せしめる事は任意であ
る。 たた、本発明によるハロゲン化銀写真乳剀には
目的に応じた芪氎性バむンダヌを含たせる事がで
きる。適圓なバむンダヌずしおは、れラチン、フ
タル化れラチンなどのれラチン誘導䜓、氎溶性セ
ルロヌス誘導䜓、ポリビニルアルコヌルその他の
芪氎性の合成たたは倩然の高分子化合物によ぀お
結合されたポリマヌなどが含たれる。 本発明によるハロゲン化銀写真乳剀は圓業界に
おいお通垞行われおいる方法で過剰のハラむドや
䞍必芁なむオンを取り陀くこずができる。 䞊蚘方法ずしおは、ヌヌデル氎掗法、アルコヌ
ルやベンれンスルホクロラむド等の䜿甚による疑
集沈柱法、たたは遠心分離法等が知られおいる。
たた本発明によるハロゲン化銀写真乳剀は、適圓
な支持䜓、䟋えばガラス板、セルロヌスアセテヌ
ト、セルロヌスナむトレヌト、ポリスチレン、そ
しお䟋えばポリ゚チレンフタレヌトなどのポリ゚
ステルフむルム、ポリカヌボネヌトフむルム、ポ
リアシドフむルムなどに通垞の方法で塗垃する事
ができる。 以䞊、詳现に述べた本発明の写真乳剀の補造方
法は、䟋えばRD―1662、RD―18431等に蚘茉さ
れたいかなるアンモニア法乳剀にも適応し埗るも
のであり、貎金属むオンのドヌビング、カルコゲ
ン増感等を適甚するこずも可胜であり、たた本発
明の方法によれば、内朜型乳剀、カラヌ甚乳剀、
印刷甚単分散乳剀、および高感床の線甚乳剀等
を容易に埗るこずができる。 以䞋に本発明を実斜䟋により説明するが、これ
によ぀お本発明の実斜態様が限定されるものでは
ない。 実斜䟋  䞋蚘の凊方による溶液を調補し、これらの溶液
を甚いお、以䞋の方法によ぀お乳剀を補造した。 ― アンモニア氎28 10ml 氷酢酞 10ml æ°Ž 10ml ― 臭化カリりム 90 沃化カリりム  れラチン  æ°Ž 700ml ― 硝酞銀 100 アンモニア氎28 105ml 氎を加えお 300ml ― れラチン 10 プノヌル 0.2 æ°Ž 300ml 乳剀―の補造 溶液―を乳剀調補甚の反応釜に泚入
し、回転数300回転分のプロペラ型撹拌噚で撹
拌し、反応枩床を55℃に保ちながら、溶液―
を容容の割合に分割し、その内の容
である100mlを分間かけお投入した。10分間撹
拌を続けた埌に溶液―の残䜙の容であ
る200mlを分間かけお投入した埌、曎に30分間
撹拌を継続した。 そしお酢酞を加えお反応釜䞭の溶液のPHをに
調敎し、反応を停止させた。次にベンれンスルホ
ニルクロラむドを䜿甚しお沈柱法により乳剀の脱
塩を行ない、溶液―を加えおpA7.8を
瀺す350ml容量の乳剀―を補造した。 乳剀―の補造 溶液―を反応釜に泚入し、回転数300
回転分のプロペラ型撹拌噚で撹拌しながら、曎
に溶液―を添加した。反応枩床を55℃に
保持しながら、溶液―を前蚘乳剀―の
補造においお蚘茉した方法ず党く同じ方法にお投
入し、以䞋同様に凊理しお乳剀―を補造した。 以䞊のようにしお埗られた乳剀―及び乳剀―
に曎に金、硫黄増感を斜し、れラチンのほか、
公知の安定剀、抑制剀、塗垃助剀等を加えお、セ
ルロヌズアセテヌトフむルム支持䜓に塗垃、也燥
し、それぞれ詊料―及び詊料―を䜜成した。 䞊蚘䞡詊料にKS―型センシトメヌタ小西
六写真工業(æ ª)補を甚いお癜色露光を行ない、露
光埌XD―90珟像液小西六写真工業(æ ª)補によ
り、QX―1200型自動珟像凊理機小西六写真工
業(æ ª)補を䜿甚し、35℃で35秒間珟像凊理を行぀
た。凊理された詊料に぀き、PDA―65濃床蚈
小西六写真工業株補を甚いお黒化濃床を
枬定し、カブリ濃床0.5の濃床を䞎えるのに必
芁な露光量の逆数で感床を求め、その結果の盞察
倀詊料―の感床を100ずするを䞋蚘第衚
に瀺す。 次に詊料―および詊料―を10cm平方に裁断
し、この詊料に珟像凊理埌の黒化濃床が0.7にな
るように党面露光を䞎え、前蚘同様にXD―90珟
像液を甚いQX―1200型自動珟像凊理機にお珟像
凊理を行぀たものに぀いお、画像評䟡を行぀た。
この画像評䟡は、党面にわたる珟像銀粒子の疑集
性あるいは自動珟像機の搬送ラツクの圧力による
ず思われる郚分的黒化等の原因ず考えられる画像
の“あれ”を評䟡するものであ぀お、目芖評䟡基
準を段階、、、、ずし、が最良、
が実甚可胜、それ以䞋は“あれ”が著しいもの
ず分類し、目芖にお評䟡した結果を瀺すものであ
る。
The present invention relates to a method for producing a silver halide photographic emulsion using a novel ammonia method, which has high sensitivity and improved physical properties of the film. In general, silver halide photographic emulsions are made by adding an aqueous solution of a water-soluble silver salt and an aqueous solution of an alkali halide (also called an alkali halide) to a dispersion medium such as an aqueous gelatin solution to generate and disperse silver halide grains. In this production method, when ammoniacal silver nitrate is used as the water-soluble silver salt, it is called an ammonia method photographic emulsion. Furthermore, an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic colloid such as gelatin and a required amount of alkali halide or water-soluble silver salt are mixed in advance in a reaction vessel for emulsion preparation, and the water-soluble silver salt or aqueous alkali halide solution is added to this mixture, respectively. A method in which a water-soluble silver salt and an alkali halide aqueous solution are simultaneously added to a hydrophilic colloid aqueous solution in a reaction vessel and reacted is called a double-jet method. I'm calling. A characteristic of the ammoniacal photographic emulsion according to the present invention is that the growth rate of silver halide grains is faster than that achieved by other methods. However, on the other hand, since a large amount of ammonia is poured into the reaction vessel for emulsion preparation, the pH of the reaction mixture in the reaction vessel becomes extremely high.
Since the pH value often exceeds 10, silver oxide is likely to be formed, and as a result, the prepared photographic emulsion has the property of causing fog. In addition, in the above-mentioned high PH atmosphere, which is correlated with the influence of temperature, it also promotes the hydrolysis of gelatin as a hydrophilic colloid, which is a dispersion medium, and deteriorates its protective colloidal properties. The result is that the physical properties of the gelatin film of the emulsion are significantly impaired. In addition, such hydrolysis of gelatin has various effects such as inhibiting or promoting the growth of silver halide grains and changing the crystal habit of silver halide grains, and is also a cause of manufacturing variations. . In this way, the ammonia method for producing photographic emulsions has the advantage that large grains can be obtained in a relatively short time regardless of whether it is a single-jet method or a double-jet method. Due to its high pH, it also has undesirable drawbacks in terms of photosensitive characteristics and physical properties of photographic emulsions. Furthermore, JP-A-54-99419 discloses a method for producing an emulsion consisting of monodisperse particles by containing an acid such as acetic acid or nitric acid in an alkali halide solution that is added to a reaction vessel at the same time as ammoniacal silver nitrate. However, this method is not sufficient in terms of sensitivity. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve the conventional method for producing a photographic emulsion using the ammonia method as described above, and to provide a method for producing a photographic emulsion using the ammonia method, in which a photographic emulsion with high sensitivity and excellent physical properties can be obtained. be. As a result of various studies, the inventors of the present invention found that before pouring the ammoniacal silver nitrate aqueous solution into the reaction vessel, an aqueous solution of acetic acid or citric acid and/or a salt of acetic acid or citric acid and ammonia was added in advance. It has been found that the above object can be achieved by a method for producing a photographic emulsion using an ammonia method in which the emulsion is kept in a reaction vessel. That is, the manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized by the use of an acid or An aqueous solution of an acid and an ammonia salt is made to exist in the reaction vessel before the ammoniacal silver nitrate aqueous solution is added. Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the present invention will be explained in detail. First, acids are effectively used in the present invention, and the acid used in the present invention refers to a compound that exhibits a so-called acidic reaction in an aqueous solution. In this method, an ammoniacal silver nitrate aqueous solution is charged into the reaction vessel in advance, but in the case of other mixing methods, the pH of the mixture in the reaction vessel before the ammoniacal silver nitrate aqueous solution is added.
Since the pH is relatively low, if a strong acid such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or hydrochloric acid is used in the present invention, the pH will drop too much and the physical properties of gelatin will deteriorate, or the pH will deteriorate due to the interaction with ammoniacal silver nitrate. The use of the above-mentioned strong acids is not preferred since the reaction temperature may increase during the summation reaction. In particular, when the physical properties of seratin deteriorate, "sharpness" becomes noticeable in images obtained during high-temperature rapid processing, which can significantly impair the commercial value of medical X-ray films and the like for direct image observation. Therefore, in such a case,
Use of a weak acid such as acetic acid or citric acid, or a combination of an acid and ammonia to neutralize it, is effective and preferred. The amount of the above acid used in the present invention is:
The appropriate amount is in the range of 1/3 to 1/200 of the amount necessary to neutralize the ammonia component contained in the ammoniacal silver nitrate aqueous solution, but preferably in the range of 1/5 to 1/50. Further, the amount of the ammonia used together with the acid in the present invention is suitably stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of the acid or less. In the production method of the present invention, instead of using stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of acid and ammonia as described above, salts thereof, such as ammonium bromide,
Alternatively, the effect can be obtained by using it in the form of ammonium halide such as ammonium chloride, or ammonium acetate. According to the manufacturing method of the present invention as described above, in the conventional ammonium method photographic emulsion manufacturing method, when the pH of the mixture in the reaction vessel for emulsion preparation increased to 10.4, the addition of acid or an aqueous solution of acid and ammonia, etc. As a result, the PH can be lowered by about 1 or more, so the physical properties are improved without changing the basic emulsion performance, such as the average grain size, grain size distribution, and crystal habit of silver halide, and high sensitivity is achieved. It is possible to obtain a photographic emulsion with low fog. Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, since the pH of the reaction mixture in the reaction vessel can be lowered, it is possible to prepare a photographic emulsion at a high temperature, for example, 40°C to 70°C. In addition, for example, if a closed pressure cooker is used, the temperature range for preparing the emulsion can be further widened. According to the production method of the present invention, at least before injecting the ammoniacal silver nitrate aqueous solution into the reaction vessel,
Since the effects of the present invention can be obtained by allowing the acid and/or the salt of acid and ammonia to exist in the reaction vessel, the present invention can be widely applied to various photographic emulsion preparation techniques. Typical embodiments thereof are shown below. (1) Single-jet method (direct mixing method) While stirring the gelatin aqueous solution of alkali halide in a reaction vessel, acetic acid and ammonia aqueous solution are added, and then an ammoniacal silver nitrate solution is added dropwise within the required time. Thereafter, adjust the pH and desalt according to the usual method. This is the preferred method for obtaining highly sensitive emulsions. (Back mixing method) First, a gelatin aqueous solution of acetic acid and ammonia is poured into a reaction vessel, an ammoniacal silver nitrate solution is added to this with stirring, and then an alkali halide gelatin aqueous solution is added dropwise within the required time. , mix the emulsion. The subsequent processing is performed in exactly the same manner as described above. (2) Double-jet method A gelatin aqueous solution containing an alkali halide and acetic acid is poured into a reaction vessel, and while stirring, an ammoniacal silver nitrate solution and an alkali halide gelatin aqueous solution are simultaneously added within the required time to form an emulsion. Prepare. The subsequent processing is performed in exactly the same manner as described above. The acetic acid used in this case may be used alone or in combination with ammonia. In addition, the dispersion medium added to the reaction vessel used in the present invention includes hydrophilic colloid liquids made of known natural polymer compounds and synthetic polymer compounds including gelatin, and these may be used alone or in combination. can be used. In addition, the halide ions of the alkali halide used in the present invention include chlorine ions, bromide ions, and iodide ions, and these are used alone or in combination, but in the present invention, it is possible to obtain a highly sensitive photographic emulsion. Mainly bromide ions and iodide ions are preferably used from the viewpoint of the intended purpose. When the method of the present invention is applied to the double jet method, as described in JP-A No. 54-99419, acetic acid, nitric acid, etc. Even if this acid is contained, the effects of the present invention will not be impaired. The silver halide emulsion grains produced according to the present invention have an average grain size of 0.1 ÎŒm or more, preferably 0.7 ÎŒm.
The effect of the present invention is significant above m. Also,
The silver halide photographic emulsion produced according to the present invention can be further chemically sensitized by various sensitization methods, such as gold sensitization, sulfur sensitization, reduction sensitization, etc. Spectral sensitization or superchromatic sensitization can also be achieved by using either alone or in combination. Furthermore, it is optional to add various photographic additives to the silver halide photographic emulsion according to the present invention.
For example, it is preferable to add a development accelerator such as a thioether compound, a quaternary ammonia salt, a polyalkylene oxide compound, etc. Antifoggants or stabilizers that can be optionally used include:
One or more appropriately selected from azaindenes, thiazolium salts, sulfocatechols, urazoles, nitrones, nitroindazoles, mercaptotetrazoles, polycarboxylic acids, polyvinylpyrrolidone compounds, polyoxyaryl compounds, etc. Contains things. Furthermore, optionally used gelatin hardening agents include aldehydes, ethyleneimines, epoxies, sulfonyl chlorides, vinyl sulfonic acids, isocyanates, carbodiimides, active olefins, active halogens, aziridines, or Compounds in which these active functional groups are blocked are included. It is also possible to contain wetting agents such as hydroxyalkanes or water-dispersible fine particle polymer compounds obtained by emulsion polymerization, plasticizers, film property improvers, etc., and coating aids such as saponin and sulfosuccinates. It is optional to include various photographic additives such as additives. Further, the silver halide photographic emulsion according to the present invention can contain a hydrophilic binder depending on the purpose. Suitable binders include gelatin, gelatin derivatives such as phthalated gelatin, water-soluble cellulose derivatives, polymers bound by hydrophilic synthetic or natural polymeric compounds such as polyvinyl alcohol, and the like. Excess halide and unnecessary ions can be removed from the silver halide photographic emulsion according to the present invention by a method commonly used in the art. Known examples of the above-mentioned methods include a nude water washing method, a combined precipitation method using alcohol, benzene sulfochloride, etc., and a centrifugation method.
The silver halide photographic emulsion according to the invention can also be applied to a suitable support such as a glass plate, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, polystyrene, a polyester film such as polyethylene phthalate, a polycarbonate film, a polyacid film, etc. in a conventional manner. It can be applied. The method for manufacturing the photographic emulsion of the present invention described in detail above can be applied to any ammonia method emulsion described in RD-1662, RD-18431, etc. According to the method of the present invention, latent type emulsions, color emulsions,
Monodispersed emulsions for printing, highly sensitive emulsions for X-rays, etc. can be easily obtained. The present invention will be explained below with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereby. Example 1 A solution according to the following formulation was prepared, and an emulsion was produced using these solutions according to the following method. (A-1) Ammonia water (28%) 10ml Glacial acetic acid 10ml Water 10ml (A-2) Potassium bromide 90g Potassium iodide 2g Gelatin 8g Water 700ml (A-3) Silver nitrate 100g Ammonia water (28%) 105ml Water In addition, 300 ml (A-4) Gelatin 10 g Phenol 0.2 g Water 300 ml (Production of emulsion-1) Pour solution (A-2) into the reaction vessel for emulsion preparation, and use a propeller type stirrer with a rotation speed of 300 rpm. The solution (A-
3) was divided into 1 volume: 2 volumes, and 1 volume, 100 ml, was added over 1 minute. After stirring for 10 minutes, the remaining 2 volumes of solution (A-3), 200 ml, were added over 2 minutes, and stirring was continued for an additional 30 minutes. Then, acetic acid was added to adjust the pH of the solution in the reaction vessel to 6, and the reaction was stopped. Next, the emulsion was desalted by a precipitation method using benzenesulfonyl chloride, and solution (A-4) was added to prepare emulsion-1 having a volume of 350 ml and having a pAg of 7.8. (Manufacture of emulsion-2) Pour the solution (A-2) into the reaction vessel and rotate at a rotation speed of 300.
The solution (A-1) was further added while stirring with a propeller type stirrer at revolutions per minute. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 55° C., solution (A-3) was added in exactly the same manner as described in the production of Emulsion-1, and the same treatment was carried out to produce Emulsion-2. Emulsion-1 and emulsion- obtained as above
2 is further sensitized with gold and sulfur, and in addition to gelatin,
Known stabilizers, inhibitors, coating aids, etc. were added, and the mixture was coated on a cellulose acetate film support and dried to prepare Sample-1 and Sample-2, respectively. Both samples above were exposed to white light using a KS-type sensitometer (manufactured by Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.), and after exposure, they were exposed to white light using a KS-type sensitometer (manufactured by Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.). Development processing was performed at 35° C. for 35 seconds using a processing machine (manufactured by Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.). For the treated sample, the blackening density was measured using a PDA-65 densitometer (manufactured by Konishiroku Photography Co., Ltd.), and was calculated as the reciprocal of the exposure amount required to give a density of fog density + 0.5. The sensitivity was determined, and the relative values of the results (assuming the sensitivity of sample-1 as 100) are shown in Table 1 below. Next, sample-1 and sample-2 were cut into 10 cm square pieces, and the whole surface of the sample was exposed to light so that the blackening density after development was 0.7. Image evaluation was performed on those that had been developed using an automatic processing machine.
This image evaluation evaluates "that" in the image that is thought to be the cause of the agglomeration of developed silver particles over the entire surface or partial blackening that is thought to be caused by the pressure of the conveyance rack of the automatic processor. The visual evaluation criteria is 5 levels A, B, C, D, and E, with A being the best;
C is classified as being practical, and anything below that is classified as having significant "those", and shows the results of visual evaluation.

【衚】 䞊蚘第衚からも明癜な通り、本発明の補造方
法による乳剀の詊料―は埓来の方法による乳剀
の詊料―に比べお感床が高く、か぀画像の“あ
れ”が改良されおいるこずがわかる。 実斜䟋  䞋蚘の凊方による溶液を調補し、これらの溶液
を甚いお、以䞋の方法によ぀お乳剀を補造した。 ― 臭化カリりム 10 沃化カリりム  れラチン  æ°Ž 250ml ― 臭化カリりム 10 沃化カリりム  れラチン  氷酢酞 10ml æ°Ž 240ml ― 臭化カリりム 10 沃化カリりム  れラチン  酢酞アンモニりム 10 æ°Ž 250ml ― 硝酞銀 100 アンモニア氎28 105ml 氎を加えお 300ml ― 臭化カリりム 90 れラチン  æ°Ž 300ml ― れラチン 10 プノヌル 0.2 æ°Ž 300ml 乳剀―の補造 溶液―を反応釜に泚入し、回転数300
回転分のプロペラ型撹拌噚で撹拌し、反応枩床
55℃に保ちながら、54℃に保枩した溶液―
ず55℃に保枩した溶液―ずを同時に
添加し始め、前者を15分間、そしお埌者を30分間
かけお添加した埌、曎に分間撹拌を続け、酢酞
を加えおPHに調敎しお反応を終了させた。以
䞋、実斜䟋―ず同様に脱塩を行ない、溶液
―を加えおpA7.8を瀺す350mlの乳剀―
を埗た。 乳剀―の補造 溶液―を反応釜に泚入し、回転数300
回転分のプロペラ型撹拌噚で撹拌し、反応枩床
を56℃に保ちながら、54℃に保枩した溶液―
ず、55℃に保枩した溶液―ずを同時
に添加し始め、前者を15分間、そしお埌者を30分
間かけお添加した埌に、曎に分間撹拌を続け、
酢酞を加えおPHをずしお反応を終了させた。以
䞋乳剀―ず同様に凊理し、乳剀―を埗た。 乳剀―の補造 溶液―を反応釜に泚入し、回転数300
回転分のプロペラ型撹拌噚で撹拌し、反応枩床
を55℃に保ちながら、54℃に保枩した溶液―
ず、55℃に保枩した溶液―ずを同時
に添加し始め、前者を15分間、そしお埌者を30分
かけお添加した。曎に分間撹拌を続け、その
埌、酢酞を加えおPHをずし、反応を終了させ
た。以䞋乳剀―ず同様に凊理し乳剀―を埗
た。 以䞊のようにしお補造した乳剀―、乳剀―
、乳剀―を実斜䟋―ず同様に金、硫黄増感
を行぀た埌、凊理を行ない、察応する詊料―、
詊料―、詊料―を䜜補した。 埗られた詊料を実斜䟋―ず同様に露光、珟像
凊理を行぀お感床枬定および画像評䟡を行぀おか
ら、その結果を䞋蚘第衚に瀺した。 第衚の衚瀺の方法は第衚ず党く同様の方法
に埓぀た。
[Table] As is clear from Table 1 above, sample 2 of the emulsion manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention has higher sensitivity than sample 1 of the emulsion manufactured by the conventional method, and the "that" of the image has been improved. You can see that Example 2 Solutions according to the following formulation were prepared, and using these solutions, emulsions were manufactured by the following method. (B-1) Potassium bromide 10g Potassium iodide 3g Gelatin 5g Water 250ml (B-2) Potassium bromide 10g Potassium iodide 3g Gelatin 5g Glacial acetic acid 10ml Water 240ml (B-3) Potassium bromide 10g Potassium iodide 3g Gelatin 5g Ammonium acetate 10g Water 250ml (B-4) Silver nitrate 100g Aqueous ammonia (28%) 105ml Add water to 300ml (B-5) Potassium bromide 90g Gelatin 2g Water 300ml (B-6) Gelatin 10g Phenol 0.2g Water 300ml (Manufacture of emulsion-3) Pour the solution (B-1) into the reaction vessel and rotate at 300 rpm.
Stir with a propeller type stirrer at revolutions per minute, and
The solution (B-
4) and the solution (B-5) kept at 55℃ were added at the same time, the former was added over 15 minutes and the latter over 30 minutes, stirring was continued for another 5 minutes, and acetic acid was added to adjust the pH to 6. Adjustments were made to terminate the reaction. Hereinafter, desalting was carried out in the same manner as in Example-1, and the solution (B
350ml emulsion with pAg 7.8 after adding -6) -3
I got it. (Manufacture of emulsion-4) Pour the solution (B-2) into the reaction vessel and rotate at a rotation speed of 300.
The solution (B-
4) and the solution (B-5) kept at 55°C were added at the same time, the former was added for 15 minutes and the latter for 30 minutes, and stirring was continued for an additional 5 minutes.
Acetic acid was added to adjust the pH to 6 to complete the reaction. The emulsion-4 was then processed in the same manner as the emulsion-3. (Manufacture of emulsion-5) Pour the solution (B-3) into the reaction vessel and rotate at a rotation speed of 300.
The solution (B-
4) and the solution (B-5) kept at 55° C. were added at the same time, the former being added over 15 minutes and the latter over 30 minutes. Stirring was continued for an additional 5 minutes, and then acetic acid was added to adjust the pH to 6 to terminate the reaction. Emulsion-5 was obtained by processing in the same manner as Emulsion-3. Emulsion produced as above-3, Emulsion-
4. Emulsion-5 was sensitized with gold and sulfur in the same manner as in Example-1, and then processed to produce the corresponding sample-3,
Sample-4 and sample-5 were prepared. The obtained samples were exposed and developed in the same manner as in Example 1, and sensitivity measurements and image evaluations were performed, and the results are shown in Table 2 below. The method of presentation in Table 2 was exactly the same as in Table 1.

【衚】 本発明の方法に基づいお調補された乳剀詊料―
は他に比べお特に感床が高く、か぀画像の“あ
れ”も改良されおいるこずが䞊蚘第衚から明癜
にな぀た。
[Table] Emulsion samples prepared based on the method of the present invention -
It is clear from Table 2 above that the sensitivity of the lens No. 5 was particularly high compared to the others, and the "that" aspect of the image was also improved.

Claims (1)

【特蚱請求の範囲】[Claims]  アンモニア性硝酞銀ずアルカリハラむド氎溶
液ずを甚いるハロゲン化銀写真乳剀の補造方法に
おいお、該アンモニア性硝酞銀氎溶液を反応釜に
投入するに先立぀お、酢酞或はク゚ン酞及びた
たは酢酞或はク゚ン酞ずアンモニアずの塩の氎溶
液をあらかじめ反応釜䞭に存圚せしめるこずを特
城ずするハロゲン化銀写真乳剀の補造方法。
1. In a method for producing a silver halide photographic emulsion using ammoniacal silver nitrate and an aqueous alkali halide solution, prior to charging the ammoniacal silver nitrate aqueous solution into a reaction vessel, acetic acid or citric acid and/or acetic acid or citric acid are added. 1. A method for producing a silver halide photographic emulsion, which comprises pre-existing an aqueous solution of a salt with ammonia in a reaction vessel.
JP14072680A 1980-10-07 1980-10-07 Preparation of silver halide photographic emulsion Granted JPS5764226A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP14072680A JPS5764226A (en) 1980-10-07 1980-10-07 Preparation of silver halide photographic emulsion

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP14072680A JPS5764226A (en) 1980-10-07 1980-10-07 Preparation of silver halide photographic emulsion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5764226A JPS5764226A (en) 1982-04-19
JPH0210933B2 true JPH0210933B2 (en) 1990-03-12

Family

ID=15275274

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP14072680A Granted JPS5764226A (en) 1980-10-07 1980-10-07 Preparation of silver halide photographic emulsion

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5764226A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62141534A (en) * 1985-12-16 1987-06-25 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Production of silver halide photographic emulsion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5764226A (en) 1982-04-19

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