JPH01230004A - Refractive power variable lens element - Google Patents
Refractive power variable lens elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01230004A JPH01230004A JP5505388A JP5505388A JPH01230004A JP H01230004 A JPH01230004 A JP H01230004A JP 5505388 A JP5505388 A JP 5505388A JP 5505388 A JP5505388 A JP 5505388A JP H01230004 A JPH01230004 A JP H01230004A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- layer
- polymer gel
- lens element
- lens
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産、Ｘ−にの利川分野〕
本発明は、屈折力か可変なレンズ素子、特に透明弾性体
、高分子ゲルを構成部材とする新規な構成のレンズ素子
に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a lens element whose refractive power is variable, and particularly to a lens element having a novel structure whose constituent members are a transparent elastic body or a polymer gel.
表面形状を変化させることにより、焦点距離を可変とす
る１−１丁度屈折カレンズ素子として、弾性体と、この
弾性体を取り囲むよう接触する一方で開［１をイ「する
比較的硬い部材とからなり、弾性体を変ｊｌ壬させて、
開口から露出した弾性体の光学表面（以ｔ゛、開１１表
面）の形状を変化させるものが特開昭６０−１１１２０
１号に開示されている。かかる素子ては、比較的小さな
外力の変化で大きな焦点距離の変化を得ることか可能で
ある。As a 1-1 refractive lens element whose focal length can be varied by changing the surface shape, it is made of an elastic body and a relatively hard member that is in contact with and surrounding this elastic body while opening [1]. Then, change the elastic body,
A device that changes the shape of the optical surface (hereinafter referred to as the open 11 surface) of an elastic body exposed from an opening is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-11120.
It is disclosed in No. 1. With such an element, it is possible to obtain a large change in focal length with a relatively small change in external force.
この可変焦点光学素子の望ましい光学的特性を保１１゛
シつつその小型化を図るため、開口表面（特にその外縁
部）を望ましい形状（球面等）に維持しつつ弾ＰＦ体を
変形させることが必要である。このような好ましい変形
特性を有する光学素子として、弾性率の異なる２以−ヒ
の弾性体層を光軸方向に積層してなる積層弾性体を利用
した可変焦点光パ？素了−か提案されている。In order to reduce the size of this variable focus optical element while maintaining its desirable optical characteristics, it is possible to deform the elastic PF body while maintaining the aperture surface (especially its outer edge) in a desired shape (such as a spherical surface). is necessary. As an optical element having such preferable deformation characteristics, there is a varifocal optical element that utilizes a laminated elastic body formed by laminating two or more elastic layers with different elastic moduli in the optical axis direction. It has been proposed.
〔発明か解決しようとする。３題〕
このような弾性体を用いた可変面ＩＦｇ状レンズ、４５
Ｙ−ては、レンズ外部にメカニカルな機構を設ける必隻
がある。例えば第１３図に示＝ｌ−構成のレンズ素子は
、Ｊ１ｃ板ガラス１３４を押し込んだり戻したりするこ
とにより応力、内圧か変化し、弾性体層１３３か変形す
るものてあり、基板ガラス１３４を矢印方向に駆動させ
るための駆動機構として、」１（板ガラスの外周部に対
して押圧作用を果たすＤＣモータ−、スデッピンクモー
ター、ピエゾ素ｒ＝、超）″ｆ波モモ−ターどの駆動素
子−および案内摺道部か必要である。[Try to invent or solve a problem. Problem 3] Variable surface IFg-shaped lens using such an elastic body, 45
Y-type requires a mechanical mechanism to be provided outside the lens. For example, in the lens element having the =l configuration shown in FIG. 13, stress and internal pressure change when the J1c plate glass 134 is pushed in and returned, and the elastic layer 133 is deformed, and the substrate glass 134 is moved in the direction of the arrow. As a drive mechanism for driving the plate glass, drive elements such as a DC motor, a sliding pin motor, a piezo element r=, a super) f-wave motor, etc., are used. A guideway section is required.
また、第１４図に示すような特開昭６１−３８９０２’
ｊに開示された構成のレンズ素子−では、電＠石１４６
の電磁力により、弾性体レンズ１４０と駆動部材１４２
との間に吸引力・反発力か引き起こざわ、駆動部材１４
２の矢印方向への可動によって、弾性体レンズ１４０が
圧縮・引っ・止り変形力を受け、表面形状か変えられる
ものである。このような従来のレンズ構成および駆動機
構では、面形状を入射光側面と出射光側面と独立に一制
御することがむずかしく、またメカニカルな機構がレン
ズ部外部に設けられる結果、レンズ素子の全サイズか大
きくなってしまうという難点かある。In addition, as shown in FIG.
In the lens element having the configuration disclosed in J, Den@Seki 146
Due to the electromagnetic force, the elastic lens 140 and the driving member 142
There is an attraction force/repulsion force between the drive member 14 and
By moving in the direction of the arrow 2, the elastic lens 140 receives compressive, pulling, and deforming forces, thereby changing its surface shape. With such conventional lens configurations and drive mechanisms, it is difficult to independently control the surface shape of the incident light side and the output light side, and as a result of the mechanical mechanism being provided outside the lens, the entire size of the lens element is difficult to control. The problem is that it gets too big.
本発明のしたる目的は、ｌ−述の従来例のようにレンズ
外部にメカニカルな機構を設けなくても、表面形状を可
変にして屈折力を変えられる新規な可変屈折力素ｒ−を
提供することにある。即ち、高分子ゲルの膨張・収縮の
利用によって、表面形状を可変とする光学素子を提供す
ることにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a novel variable refractive power element r- which can change the refractive power by changing the surface shape without providing a mechanical mechanism outside the lens unlike the conventional example described above. It's about doing. That is, the object of the present invention is to provide an optical element whose surface shape can be varied by utilizing the expansion and contraction of a polymer gel.
かかる目的を達成する本発明のうち、Ｌ要なものは、
（ａ）例えば凸状表面を有する弾性体層と、その内側に
ある高分子ゲル層と、該高分子ゲルにエネルギーを付Ｉ
ＸＪ−するエネルギー供給手段と、該高分子ゲルに溶媒
を供午できるよう、例えば該高分子ゲルの内側に配され
た溶媒層とから少くとも成る、光の透過しうるレンズ部
と、
（ｂ）溶媒を、該溶媒層に供給しまた該溶媒層から吸引
する溶媒供給吸引手段とから成る、屈折力が可変である
レンズ素子てあって、１１７ｆ記高分子ゲルは外部エネ
ルギーの付与と溶媒のｊＪｓ Ｗにより膨潤・収縮する
ものであることを特徴とする屈折力可変レンズ素子であ
る。Among the present invention that achieves the above object, the essential parts are (a) an elastic layer having a convex surface, a polymer gel layer inside the elastic layer, and a method for applying energy to the polymer gel;
(b ) A lens element having a variable refractive power, comprising a solvent supply/suction means for supplying a solvent to the solvent layer and suctioning the solvent from the solvent layer. jJs This is a variable refractive power lens element characterized in that it swells and contracts with W.
本発明における高分子−ゲルは、電場、熱、光、ＰＨ可
変等の外部エネルギーの付与により、液体（溶媒）を吸
収して膨潤し、その付ｌｊ中止（あるいは逆電場の印加
等）により、液体を放出して収縮する性質を有するもの
である。本発明の可変屈折力レンズ素子のレンズ表面形
状の変化は、かかる体積変化を主として利用したもので
ある。これにより、従来使用されてきた＋ｉｆ述のＤＣ
モーター等の外部駆動源が不要になり、レンズ部の高分
子ゲルに、外部エネルギーを直接加えるだけでレンズ表
面形状の変形が可能になる。この結果、従来の弾性体ゴ
ムから成る可変屈折力素子においては、基板の押し込み
や戻しによる応力・抑圧の変化によってレンズの片側面
の形状のみ制ｒ８ＩｊＴ能であり両面の独白二訓御をτ
ヰ能とする構造は不可能であったか、本発明ではレンズ
両面の曲率半径の独立制御か可能である。更にレンズ部
を構成する高分子ゲルの膨潤、収縮あるいは溶媒のレン
ズ部の出入りによるレンズ部の体積変化は、かなり太き
くなるようにもできるので、曲率半径の大きい変化かｊ
＋■能である。The polymer-gel in the present invention absorbs a liquid (solvent) and swells by applying external energy such as an electric field, heat, light, or pH change, and by stopping the application (or applying a reverse electric field, etc.), It has the property of releasing liquid and contracting. The change in the lens surface shape of the variable refractive power lens element of the present invention mainly utilizes such volume change. As a result, the conventionally used +if statement DC
This eliminates the need for an external drive source such as a motor, and allows the lens surface shape to be deformed simply by directly applying external energy to the polymer gel in the lens portion. As a result, in the conventional variable refractive power element made of elastic rubber, the shape of only one side of the lens can be controlled by changing the stress and suppression caused by pushing and returning the substrate, and the shape of both sides can be controlled by changing the shape of the lens.
However, in the present invention, it is possible to independently control the radius of curvature of both surfaces of the lens. Furthermore, changes in the volume of the lens part due to swelling and contraction of the polymer gel constituting the lens part, or due to the entry and exit of the solvent into the lens part, can cause the lens part to become considerably thicker, so the radius of curvature may change significantly.
＋■It is Noh.
以下、本発明を図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明の可変屈折力レンズ素子の実施例を示す
概略図である。１．２は弾性体層である。両層１．２は
光学素子使用温度において弾性体としての性質を示す天
然ないし合成の高分子から成り、レンズ素子としての機
能を果すため、少なくとも使用する波長領域の光に対し
ては透明度の高いものを用いるのが好ましい。両層ｌ、
２には、例えば、以下に列挙するような材料が用いられ
る。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the variable refractive power lens element of the present invention. 1.2 is an elastic layer. Both layers 1 and 2 are made of natural or synthetic polymers that exhibit properties as elastic bodies at the temperature at which the optical element is used, and in order to function as lens elements, they have high transparency at least for light in the wavelength range used. It is preferable to use Both layers l,
For example, materials such as those listed below are used for No. 2.
（イ）ジエン系ゴム
例えば、ブタジェン、イソプレン等のジエン系」いｎ合
体、ニトリルゴム、アクリルゴム等のジエン−ビニル系
」い「合体。(a) Diene rubbers For example, diene-based combinations such as butadiene and isoprene; diene-vinyl combinations such as nitrile rubber and acrylic rubber.
（ロ）エチレン系共１１合体
例えば、α−オレフィン、ジエン、極性基モノ置換ビニ
ル化合物（アクリル酸類、メタアクリル酸類、スチレン
、塩化ビニル、ビニルエーテル等）、ジ置換ビニル化合
物（マレイン酸類）等から選ばれた１種または数種の化
合物と、エチレンとの共１刊合体（これらのエチレン系
共ｆＩｊ合体は、エチレンの結晶化ＪＲを８しく減少ま
たは消失させたものである。）
（ハ）例えば、ポリイソブチン、アタクヂックボゾブロ
ビレン、アクリル酸ないしアクリル酸エステルの２種以
１−のモノマーからなるノいｎ合体、２袖以トのアクリ
ル酸誘導体モノマーからなる共重合体（水や高沸点溶媒
を含有させたもの）。(b) Ethylene-based co-11 combinations selected from, for example, α-olefins, dienes, polar monosubstituted vinyl compounds (acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, styrene, vinyl chloride, vinyl ethers, etc.), di-substituted vinyl compounds (maleic acids), etc. (These ethylene-based cofIj combinations are those in which the crystallization of ethylene is significantly reduced or eliminated.) (C) For example, , polyisobutyne, atakudic bozobrobylene, non-n combinations consisting of two or more monomers of acrylic acid or acrylic acid esters, copolymers consisting of two or more acrylic acid derivative monomers (water or high boiling point containing a solvent).
（ニ）その他のゴム
例えば、ポリ塩化ビニル（可塑剤を比較的多量に混合し
たもの）、シリコーンポリマー（ジメチルシリコーンポ
リマー、ジフェニルシリコーンポリマー等）、ホスファ
ゼンポリマー、かかる・仰性体材）１の中で、可変屈折
力レンズ素子として、好ましい力学的特性（弾性率等）
や光学的特性（透明度、屈折率等）を有する弾性体を容
易に形成できる点からは、シリコーンゴム、エチレン−
プロピレンゴム等が特に好適に用いられる。(d) Other rubbers, such as polyvinyl chloride (mixed with a relatively large amount of plasticizer), silicone polymers (dimethyl silicone polymer, diphenyl silicone polymer, etc.), phosphazene polymers, etc. As a variable refractive power lens element, desirable mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, etc.)
Silicone rubber, ethylene-
Propylene rubber and the like are particularly preferably used.
上に列挙したような弾性体材料は必要に応じて架橋され
るが、架橋の程度を制御することによって、例えば、弾
性体の弾性率Ｅを変化させることかできる。この架橋は
、例えば、イオウやパーオキサイドからなる架橋剤を用
いて行えばよい。The elastomer materials listed above are optionally crosslinked, and by controlling the degree of crosslinking, for example, the elastic modulus E of the elastomer can be changed. This crosslinking may be carried out using, for example, a crosslinking agent made of sulfur or peroxide.
弾性体層１および弾性体層２の弾性率をそれぞ、ｔ′Ｌ
ＥｌおよびＥ、（Ｎ／ｍ″）、両層１．２の光軸ｈトの
層厚をそれぞｈｔ １．ｔ２（ｍｍ）とすると、この第
１図に示す実施例においては、Ｅ ＋ ＞ Ｅ ２であ
り、史には、このようなＥ、、Ｅ２の関係においては、
ｔ１≦ｔ２であることが好ましい。この場合、１．＞１
２では弾性体層２の変形に要する力か増大することとな
るからである。また、両弾性体層１．２からなる積層弾
性体を変形させる場合に、弾性体層２の開［１表面１ａ
を球面に近い形状に維持しつつ変形させる点からは、両
層１゜２の剛＋＋１ヰ（の比は、
５＜ （Ｅ＋ Ｘ ｔ＋ ） ／ （Ｅ２ Ｘ ｔｙ
） ＜ｔｏ。The elastic modulus of elastic layer 1 and elastic layer 2 is t′L, respectively.
Assuming that El and E (N/m'') and the layer thickness of both layers 1.2 at the optical axis ht are ht 1.t2 (mm), in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, E + > E 2, and in history, in such a relationship of E, , E2,
It is preferable that t1≦t2. In this case, 1. >1
2, the force required to deform the elastic layer 2 increases. Moreover, when deforming the laminated elastic body consisting of both elastic body layers 1.2, the opening of the elastic body layer 2 [1 surface 1a
From the point of view of deforming while maintaining a shape close to a spherical surface, the ratio of the stiffness of both layers 1゜2++1ヰ(is 5< (E+ X t+ ) / (E2 X ty
) <to.
・・・（１） の範囲があることか好ましい。...(1) It is preferable that there is a range of
また、通常のレンズとして使用する場合には、２≦１．
＋１２≦３０程度であることが好ましい。Furthermore, when used as a normal lens, 2≦1.
It is preferable that +12≦30 or so.
、ｊＩｌｌ性体層Ｉは、Ｊゾさ（ｔ、）に関して特にＦ
限はないか、１．が極端に小さいと、その強度が不足し
たり、あるいは、層自身にシワ等が発生し易くなる。, jIll property layer I is especially F with respect to J(t,)
Is there no limit? 1. If it is extremely small, the strength will be insufficient or the layer itself will be prone to wrinkles.
弾＋１体層１と２は、同種の材料を用いて形成してもよ
く、また犬種の材料を用いで形成してもよい。たたし、
両弾性体の屈折率の差を比較的小さくして、優れた光学
特性を有する光学素子を容易に成形する点、あるいは、
両弾性体層１．２の接着性を好ましい範囲に維持する点
がらは、同種の材料（例えばシリコーンゴム）を珀いる
ことが好ましい。Bullet +1 body layers 1 and 2 may be formed using the same type of material, or may be formed using a dog type material. Tatashi,
The difference in refractive index between both elastic bodies is made relatively small, and an optical element having excellent optical properties can be easily molded, or
In order to maintain the adhesion of both elastic layers 1.2 within a preferable range, it is preferable to use the same type of material (for example, silicone rubber).
弾性体層１あるいは２の層厚が、（光軸り方向に関して
）均一な厚さであることは必ずしも必要とされない。例
えば、弾性体層１の層厚にある程度の分布を与えること
により、積層弾性体２の開口表面１ａの形状変化をコン
トロールすることも可能である。このような場合、例え
ば、弾性体層１の厚さが、その中央部（光軸りの近傍）
で相対的に薄く、その外縁部（光軸りから遠い部分）で
相対的に厚いときには、前記した（Ｅ＋ ｘｔ、）／（
Ｅ２ｘｔ２）の値の好ましい範囲は、前述の（１）式で
示した範囲より小さい方に移動し、−方、第１弾性体層
１か中央部で相対的に厚く外縁部で相対的に薄いときは
、その値の好ましい範囲は前述の（１）式で示した範囲
より大きい方に移動する。The layer thickness of the elastic layer 1 or 2 is not necessarily required to be uniform (with respect to the optical axis direction). For example, by giving a certain degree of distribution to the layer thickness of the elastic layer 1, it is also possible to control the shape change of the opening surface 1a of the laminated elastic body 2. In such a case, for example, the thickness of the elastic layer 1 may be
When it is relatively thin and relatively thick at its outer edge (the part far from the optical axis), the above-mentioned (E+ xt, )/(
The preferred range of the value of E2xt2) is smaller than the range shown in equation (1) above; In this case, the preferable range of the value shifts to a larger range than the range shown in equation (1) above.
弾性体層２の内側には、レンズ素子のアクチュエータを
兼ねる高分子ゲル層３と、この高分子ゲル３によって吸
い込まれたりはき出される液体からなる溶媒層４とが存
在する。高分子ゲル層３は、この実施例では′、′に圧
により溶媒を吸収またははき出すことのてきるものて、
レンズ部構成材料として、透明度の高いものから成る。Inside the elastic layer 2, there are a polymer gel layer 3 that also serves as an actuator for the lens element, and a solvent layer 4 made of a liquid that is sucked in and expelled by the polymer gel 3. In this embodiment, the polymer gel layer 3 is one that can absorb or expel the solvent by pressure.
The lens component is made of a highly transparent material.
その材料としては、溶媒中てイオン解離する官能基をイ
Ｔする、荷電性の１［合体でかつ、架橋構造を４Ｔ ”
４−ることにより、溶媒中で一定の大きさを超えて膨潤
することの無い、荷電性の高分子ゲルを用いる。このよ
うな高分子ゲルは、従来より高吸水性高分子ゲルとして
知られた材料と同様の材２４を用いる事かできるか、例
示するならば、イオン解離する官能基を有する千ツマー
７１’−位として、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロト
ン酸、イタコン酸、マレイン酸、カルホキジメチルグリ
コースマンヌロン酸、グルクロン酸等のカルボン酸や、
スチレンスルホン酸、ビニルスルホン酸、アリルスルホ
ン酸等のスルホン酸、α−フェニルビニルホスホン酸等
のホスホン酸、ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリルアミド
、ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリルアミド、ジアリルジ
メチルアンモニウムクロライド、トリメチル−Ｎ−アク
ロイル−３−アミノプロピルアンモニウムクロライド等
のアミンあるいはアンモニウム塩、などを全ポリマー重
量に対して約０，０２％以上、２０％程度までを含み、
主成分が、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、ヒドロキシ
エチルメタクリレート、（メタ）アクリルアミド、（以
下、アクリルアミドとメタクリルアミドを合わせて（メ
タ）アクリルアミドと記す。）、Ｎ、Ｎ−ジメチル（メ
タ）アクリルアミド、Ｎ、Ｎ−ジエチル（メタ）アクリ
ルアミド、Ｎ−エチル（メタ）アクリルアミド、Ｎ−プ
ロピル（メタ）アクリルアミド、Ｎ−イソプロピル（メ
タ）アクリルアミド、Ｎ−シクロプロピル（メタ）アク
リルアミド等のアクリル系モノマー単位、グルコース、
トリメチルグルコース、グルコサミン等の糖類モノマー
単位、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド等のエー
テル糸上ツマー単位、酢酸ビニル、ビニルアルコール、
ビニルピロリドン、ビニルピリジン等のビニル系千ツマ
ーｍ位等より成る高分子で、かつ、高分子鎖中に化学的
もしくは物理的架橋構造を有して、溶媒中で乾燥時の自
重の１倍以上、 １００倍以下の溶媒を吸収して膨渭Ｉ
する、溶媒不溶性の高分子ゲルを挙げることかできる。The material is a functional group that is ionically dissociated in a solvent, a charged 1 [combined, and a crosslinked structure of 4T].
4- Use a charged polymer gel that does not swell beyond a certain size in a solvent. For such a polymer gel, a material 24 similar to the material conventionally known as a superabsorbent polymer gel can be used.For example, a material 24 having an ionically dissociable functional group can be used. As a position, carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, carboxydimethyl glycose mannuronic acid, glucuronic acid,
Sulfonic acids such as styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, phosphonic acids such as α-phenylvinylphosphonic acid, dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, trimethyl-N-acroyl- Contains about 0.02% or more and up to about 20% of amine or ammonium salt, etc., based on the total polymer weight, such as 3-aminopropylammonium chloride,
The main components are hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, (meth)acrylamide (hereinafter, acrylamide and methacrylamide are collectively referred to as (meth)acrylamide), N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, N,N- Acrylic monomer units such as diethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-propyl (meth)acrylamide, N-isopropyl (meth)acrylamide, N-cyclopropyl (meth)acrylamide, glucose,
Saccharide monomer units such as trimethyl glucose and glucosamine, ether yarn units such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol,
A polymer consisting of vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyridine, etc., and having a chemical or physical cross-linked structure in the polymer chain, which is more than 1 times its own weight when dried in a solvent. , absorbs less than 100 times more solvent and swells.
Examples include solvent-insoluble polymer gels.
溶媒層４の溶媒としては、少なくともレンズ素子として
使用する波長領域において透過率の高い液体で、ゲル（
網目１重合体）の内部に入り込み得ることか要求される
。典型的には水、他にメタノール、し−ブチルアルコー
ル、クロロホルム、Ｎ−メチルピロリドン、ピリジン、
ヘンセン、Ｎ、Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアシド、ジメチルス
ルホキシド等の４１−機溶剤若しくはこれらの混合液あ
るいはこれらと水の混合液等が挙げられる。溶媒層４の
厚さは特にル１限はないか、その体積は高分子ゲル層３
か膨潤するときに吸収し得る溶媒の体積より小さいこと
が要求される。これは高分子ゲル層３が膨４′１１する
時、溶媒層４に新たに供給される溶媒の体積分たけレン
ズ部の体積が増加し、内部応力も増し、その結果として
レンズの表面形状は変形し、曲率半径か変化することに
よる。The solvent for the solvent layer 4 is a liquid with high transmittance at least in the wavelength range used as a lens element, and a gel (
It is required to be able to penetrate into the inside of the polymer (network 1 polymer). Typically water, but also methanol, butyl alcohol, chloroform, N-methylpyrrolidone, pyridine,
Examples include 41-organic solvents such as Hensen, N,N-dimethylformacide, and dimethyl sulfoxide, mixtures thereof, and mixtures of these and water. Is there any particular limit to the thickness of the solvent layer 4, and its volume is similar to that of the polymer gel layer 3?
or the volume of solvent that can be absorbed during swelling. This is because when the polymer gel layer 3 swells 4'11, the volume of the lens part increases by the volume of the solvent newly supplied to the solvent layer 4, and the internal stress also increases, and as a result, the surface shape of the lens changes. By deforming and changing the radius of curvature.
なお、第１図では溶媒層４か誇・爪して描かれている。In addition, in FIG. 1, the solvent layer 4 is drawn as an exaggerated shape.
高分子ゲル層３の厚さは、′、π圧による刺激により膨
潤或は収縮するときの応答速度を高める必要性から、ま
た層自身作製上の難易度から１０ｐ〜１ｍｍ程度が好ま
しい。The thickness of the polymer gel layer 3 is preferably about 10 p to 1 mm, in view of the need to increase the response speed when swelling or contracting due to stimulation by ', π pressure, and also in view of the difficulty in producing the layer itself.
高分子ゲル層３と′１゛「極５との界面は導電性接着剤
で接合されている。６はレンズ素子のホルダーであり、
高分子ゲル層３が体積変化するときのレンズ素子として
の機械的強度を保ち、また弾性体層１．２の外周部を保
持するものである。ホルダー６は絶縁性材料である必要
がある。特にエポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、炭素繊維
およびアラミドｙａ維を組み合わせた複合材料や強化プ
ラスチックなどが軽量性、比剛性、比強度が大きい、熱
的寸法安定性がよいなどの点で望ましい構成材料である
。The interface between the polymer gel layer 3 and the pole 5 is bonded with a conductive adhesive. 6 is a holder for the lens element;
It maintains the mechanical strength as a lens element when the polymer gel layer 3 changes in volume, and also holds the outer peripheral portion of the elastic layer 1.2. The holder 6 needs to be made of an insulating material. In particular, composite materials and reinforced plastics that combine epoxy resin, polyimide resin, carbon fiber, and aramid ya fiber are desirable constituent materials because of their light weight, high specific rigidity, high specific strength, and good thermal dimensional stability. .
７はレンズ部に供給される溶媒が貯えられる容器で、容
器７中の溶媒は、加減圧装置８（例えば、液体ポンプ）
により、直接レンズ部との出入りを行なうことができる
。Reference numeral 7 denotes a container in which the solvent to be supplied to the lens section is stored, and the solvent in the container 7 is controlled by a pressurizing device 8 (for example, a liquid pump).
This allows direct entry and exit from the lens section.
このように、容器７と加減圧装置８から構成される液体
ポンプＰからの注入、吸引のみによってレンズ面の曲率
半径を変化させることも可能であるが、本発明では、通
常はゲルの膨潤、収縮による近似的には二値をとる体積
間の変化をコントロールするために用いる。すなわちゲ
ルの膨潤、収縮は不連続的におこる可逆な相転移現象で
あり、体積変化量そのものは、相転移前後でほぼ一定値
になる。In this way, it is possible to change the radius of curvature of the lens surface only by injection and suction from the liquid pump P composed of the container 7 and the pressure regulator 8, but in the present invention, the radius of curvature of the lens surface is usually changed by swelling of the gel, It is used to control changes between volumes that take approximately two values due to contraction. That is, swelling and contraction of the gel are reversible phase transition phenomena that occur discontinuously, and the amount of volume change itself remains approximately constant before and after the phase transition.
ゲルの膨１４、収縮による体積変化は、元の体積の数倍
から数千倍に及ふが、体禎変化砒はゲルを構成している
高分子の硬さ、架橋構造をなす高分子１本あたりの対イ
オンの数等によって決まる。The volume change due to swelling and contraction of the gel ranges from several times to several thousand times its original volume, but the physical change is due to the hardness of the polymers that make up the gel and the polymers that form the crosslinked structure. It is determined by the number of counterions per book, etc.
高分子が硬いほど、また高分子鎖あたりの対イオンの数
か多いほど不連続な体積変化は大きくなる。９は、可変
屈折力レンズ素子の入射光側面と出射光側面の表面形状
を独立制御可能とするための境界壁であり、ガラス、透
明プラスチックなどの透明部材の表裏面に、透明電極が
蒸着されたものである。なお、高分子ゲル層３の弾性体
層２に接する面」−二には、白金、銅、アルミニウム等
の電極線の網目状パターンが配線されている。網目の形
状は特に限定されない。ただし、高分子ゲル層３の膨潤
、収縮によって断線しない程度の強度を４ＴＬ、かつ回
折の効果を避け、レンズ素子としての光学性能を考慮し
て網目の大きさが約５ａｕ＋＋角以上の細線であること
が望ましい。このような網目状電極としては上記白金の
他透明導電体（例えば、ＩＴＯ，５ｎ０２、ネサガラス
）を用いることもてきる。また境界線９の表裏面の′ｉ
ｆ、極は網目状パターンとしてもよい。The harder the polymer is, and the greater the number of counterions per polymer chain, the larger the discontinuous volume change. Reference numeral 9 denotes a boundary wall for making it possible to independently control the surface shapes of the incident light side surface and the output light side surface of the variable refractive power lens element, and transparent electrodes are deposited on the front and back surfaces of a transparent member such as glass or transparent plastic. It is something that A mesh pattern of electrode wires made of platinum, copper, aluminum, etc. is wired on the surface of the polymer gel layer 3 that is in contact with the elastic layer 2. The shape of the mesh is not particularly limited. However, in order to avoid the effect of diffraction and to avoid the effect of diffraction and to take into account the optical performance as a lens element, the wire should be thin enough to have a strength of 4TL so as not to break due to swelling and contraction of the polymer gel layer 3, and the mesh size is about 5au++ angle or more. This is desirable. In addition to platinum, a transparent conductor (for example, ITO, 5n02, Nesa Glass) may be used as such a mesh electrode. Also, ′i on the front and back sides of the boundary line 9
f, the poles may be in a mesh pattern.
第２図は第１図の素子の入射光側面（出射光側面）を正
面として表わした概略図であり、ホルダー６の内側の網
目パターン１０は前述の高分子ゲル層３と弾性体層２と
の界面の電極線パターンの一例を示す。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the incident light side (outgoing light side) of the element shown in FIG. An example of the electrode line pattern at the interface is shown.
次に本発明による第１図に示すレンズ素子の製造方法、
特に高分子ゲル層３の製造方法について述べる。Next, a method for manufacturing the lens element shown in FIG. 1 according to the present invention,
In particular, the method for manufacturing the polymer gel layer 3 will be described.
ＪＬ体的−例を以下に述べる。JL - An example is given below.
アクリルアミド０．７５ｇ、アクリル酸ナトリウム０．
２０ｇ、Ｎ、Ｎ−メチレンビスアクリルアミド０．０２
ｇ 、テトラメチルエチレンジアミン５０μ２を水１４
ｍ ｆｌに溶解する。Acrylamide 0.75g, sodium acrylate 0.
20g, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide 0.02
g, 50μ2 of tetramethylethylenediamine in 14g of water
Dissolve in m fl.
別に、過硫酸アンモニウム２０ＬＩ１ｇを１ｍｊ２の水
に溶解しておき、これを前記モノマー溶液と混合する。Separately, 20 LI1 g of ammonium persulfate is dissolved in 1 mj2 of water, and this is mixed with the monomer solution.
その後ただちに四塩化炭素２５ｍｊ２、トルエン７５ｍ
２、ゾルビタントリオレート１＋ｎｊＺの混合溶媒中に
混入し、窒素雰囲気下で激しく撹拌し、重合させる。Immediately afterwards, 25 mj2 of carbon tetrachloride, 75 mj2 of toluene
2. Mix in a mixed solvent of sorbitan triolate 1+njZ, stir vigorously under nitrogen atmosphere, and polymerize.
重合終了後、生成ポリマーをまずヘキサンで充分洗浄し
、次にアセトンで洗浄し、凝集させる。After the polymerization is completed, the resulting polymer is first thoroughly washed with hexane and then with acetone to coagulate it.
さらに５０％と７０％のアセトン水溶液で交互に洗浄を
繰返し、最後に５０％アセトン水溶液中に分散させる。Furthermore, washing is repeated alternately with 50% and 70% acetone aqueous solutions, and finally, it is dispersed in 50% acetone aqueous solution.
この高分子ゲル分散液中で、白金の半透明膜（１００人
）を適当なパターン状に蒸着したガラス板（５０ｍｍφ
）を陽極、ニッゲル板を陰極とし、０．８ｖの電圧を印
加し、半金パターン上に高分子ゲルを凝集させる。In this polymer gel dispersion, a glass plate (50 mmφ
) is used as an anode and the Nigel plate is used as a cathode, and a voltage of 0.8 V is applied to aggregate the polymer gel on the half metal pattern.
凝集した高分子ゲルは、電圧の印加時間に比例して神々
の厚さの膜が得られる。−例においては、３分間の電圧
印加により約５００μの厚さの高分子ゲル膜が得られた
。このようにして得られた円形状高分子ゲル膜のほかに
、所定の曲率半径の曲面形状ガラス型材に白金を適当な
パターン状に蒸着した陽極を用いて、球面形状をなす高
分子ゲル膜を形成してもよい。なお、高分子ゲル膜の製
法は以下に限定されるものでない。The aggregated polymer gel can be formed into a thick film in proportion to the voltage application time. - In the example, a polymer gel film with a thickness of about 500 microns was obtained by applying a voltage for 3 minutes. In addition to the circular polymer gel film obtained in this way, a spherical polymer gel film can also be made using an anode in which platinum is deposited in an appropriate pattern on a curved glass shape with a predetermined radius of curvature. may be formed. Note that the method for manufacturing the polymer gel membrane is not limited to the following.
また弾性体層１．２は、球面形状の型材（ガラス、金属
等）に弾性体材料の原液を流し込み、−定温度で成形し
、離型することにより形成される。The elastic layer 1.2 is formed by pouring an undiluted solution of an elastic material into a spherical mold material (glass, metal, etc.), molding it at a constant temperature, and releasing the mold.
第１図、第２図に示される実施例においては、第一およ
び第二の弾性体層１．２を形成した後、第２図に示した
ような電極パターンｌＯを第二の弾性体層２の内側面、
或は高分子ゲル層３の外側面に。例えば、蒸着法により
形成し、電極パターン１０と電極５とを、はんだ導電性
接着剤等により接合する。In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, after forming the first and second elastic layers 1.2, an electrode pattern lO as shown in FIG. The inner surface of 2,
Or on the outer surface of the polymer gel layer 3. For example, it is formed by a vapor deposition method, and the electrode pattern 10 and the electrode 5 are bonded using a solder conductive adhesive or the like.
次に溶媒を、容器７と加減圧装置８から成る液体ポンプ
Ｐにより、注入し、溶媒層４を形成する。溶媒層４の体
積は液体ポンプＰからの注入ζ【により調整可能で、レ
ンズ素子酸Ｑ、７時の初期面の曲率半径は溶媒層４に注
入される体ｈ１に対応する内圧に応して、可変とするこ
とができる。従って溶媒層４の空隙を埋めるだけの所定
の体積を注入した後は、入射光側面と出射光側面とで溶
媒の注入量を変えれば、相異なる初期面形状を与えるこ
とかできる。境界壁９の表裏面の電極は共通電位（接地
）になっているものとする。ここで、′１ｉｕ Ｈ５−
ａ、５−ｂに電圧を印加すると、高分子ゲル層３は溶媒
を吸収して膨潤を始める。高分子ゲルの体積変化とゲル
に印加された電圧との関係は、第８図に示す如く、ある
一定の電圧で相転移が起こり、不連続かつ大きな体ト１
変化か起こる。また印加電圧０から相転移７Ｅ圧に達す
るまでの体積変化量は、第１２図に示す如く印加電圧に
応じてきまり、ゲルの組成を変えれば、印加電圧一体積
変化特性を変えることかできる。、（Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ
Ｖｏｌ ２１８Ｐ４６７〜４６９（＋９８２）参照）
第１図に示した実施例におけるアクリルアシド系高分子
ゲル層３は膜厚１ｍｍで相転移電圧は約５ ｖ／ｃｎ、
体積変化は相転移電圧付近で約１００倍を示した。この
過程で、高分子ゲル層３は溶媒層４から溶媒を吸収して
膨潤し、また溶媒層４には、容器７から溶媒が必要量供
給される。この結果、第１図の可変屈折ｌ素子は、初期
面が曲率半径７０ｎｏｎの球面から、曲率範囲３０ｍｍ
の球面に変化した。Next, a solvent is injected by a liquid pump P consisting of a container 7 and a pressure regulator 8 to form a solvent layer 4. The volume of the solvent layer 4 can be adjusted by the injection ζ from the liquid pump P, and the radius of curvature of the initial surface of the lens element acid Q, at 7 o'clock, depends on the internal pressure corresponding to the body h1 injected into the solvent layer 4. , can be made variable. Therefore, after a predetermined volume sufficient to fill the voids in the solvent layer 4 is injected, different initial surface shapes can be provided by changing the amount of solvent injected between the incident light side surface and the outgoing light side surface. It is assumed that the electrodes on the front and back surfaces of the boundary wall 9 are at a common potential (ground). Here, '1iu H5-
When a voltage is applied to a and 5-b, the polymer gel layer 3 absorbs the solvent and begins to swell. As shown in Figure 8, the relationship between the volume change of a polymer gel and the voltage applied to the gel is that a phase transition occurs at a certain voltage, and a discontinuous and large volume
Change happens. Further, the amount of volume change from an applied voltage of 0 to a phase transition of 7E pressure depends on the applied voltage as shown in FIG. 12, and by changing the composition of the gel, the applied voltage-volume change characteristic can be changed. , (Science
Vol. 218P467-469 (+982)) The acrylamide polymer gel layer 3 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has a thickness of 1 mm and a phase transition voltage of about 5 v/cn.
The volume change was approximately 100 times larger near the phase transition voltage. During this process, the polymer gel layer 3 absorbs the solvent from the solvent layer 4 and swells, and the solvent layer 4 is supplied with the required amount of solvent from the container 7. As a result, the variable refractive index element shown in FIG.
It changed to a spherical surface.
また０■から相転移電圧までの高分子ゲル層３の体積変
化による曲率半径の変化は、７０ｍｍから６０１１Ｉｍ
であった。In addition, the change in the radius of curvature due to the volume change of the polymer gel layer 3 from 0 to the phase transition voltage is from 70 mm to 6011 Im.
Met.
上述の如く相転移電圧および体積変化量はゲルの組成に
応じて変えることができ、従って、曲率半径の変化は、
異なる組成のゲル膜を用いて、適切な範囲に設定するこ
とができる。また第１図の電極５−ａ、５−ｂに異なる
電圧を印加し、或は液体ポンプＰからの溶媒層４への溶
媒注入量をそれぞれの電極側で変えることにより、入射
光側面と出射光側面とで非対称な面形状をもつレンズと
することができる。本発明による第１図に示すような可
変屈折率レンズ素子の高分子ゲル層３は１−述のごとく
電圧の印加に伴なって、溶媒を吸収して膨潤するタイプ
に限定するものではなく電圧印加に伴なって溶媒を放出
し、収縮するタイプの高分子ゲルを用いてもよい。As mentioned above, the phase transition voltage and the amount of volume change can be changed depending on the composition of the gel, and therefore, the change in the radius of curvature is
An appropriate range can be set using gel films of different compositions. Furthermore, by applying different voltages to the electrodes 5-a and 5-b in FIG. The lens can have a surface shape that is asymmetrical with respect to the light-emitting side surface. The polymer gel layer 3 of the variable refractive index lens element according to the present invention as shown in FIG. A type of polymer gel that releases the solvent and contracts as the voltage is applied may also be used.
本発明の第２の実ｈ’ｔｈ例として、′ｆＪ３図に膨潤
、収縮を起こす高分子ゲル層３か、多層構造の層３−１
〜３から成り、その各ゲル層間に溶媒層４（４−１〜４
−３）か配された構造を特徴とする可変面形状レンズ素
子を示す。この図の弾性体層１．２は第１の実施例と同
様に互いにヤング率、ポアソン比の異なる透明弾性体か
ら成る。高分子ゲル層の最外層３−１は電極５−ａと接
続し、更に透明な弾性体層２の内側面に第２図の１０に
示したような電極線パターンが形成されている。他の構
造は第二の実施例と同じである。なお、高分子ゲル層は
３層構造に限らず、一般に０層（ｎ≧２）構造とすれば
、各高分子ゲル層間に溶媒層か配された構造となる。As a second practical example of the present invention, the polymer gel layer 3 that swells and contracts, or the layer 3-1 with a multilayer structure as shown in Fig.
~3, with a solvent layer 4 (4-1~4) between each gel layer.
-3) shows a variable surface shape lens element characterized by a structure in which The elastic layer 1.2 in this figure is made of transparent elastic materials having mutually different Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios, as in the first embodiment. The outermost layer 3-1 of the polymer gel layer is connected to the electrode 5-a, and furthermore, an electrode wire pattern as shown at 10 in FIG. 2 is formed on the inner surface of the transparent elastic layer 2. The other structure is the same as the second embodiment. Note that the polymer gel layer is not limited to a three-layer structure, but generally has a zero-layer (n≧2) structure, in which a solvent layer is disposed between each polymer gel layer.
このように高分子ゲル層と溶媒層を交互に積層してなる
可変屈折率レンズ素子は、高分子ゲル層と溶媒層とか各
々１層である第１図に示したもの（第１の実施例）に比
べて、屈折力を大きく変えることが可能となり、また、
各高分子ゲル層の厚さを第１の実施例に比へて薄くする
ことにより、体Ｊ＋’！変化１１は同じでありながら、
印加電圧に応じた変形応答特性を向上でき、高速駆動を
可能とすることかできる。例えば、高分子ゲル層が厚さ
２０−で溶媒層と交互に２００層積層された可変面形状
レンズ素子は、初期面が曲率半径７８ｍｍから３０ｍｍ
まて変形する。電圧７■を電極５に印加すると、かかる
変形に８０ｍ５ｅｃ要した。A variable refractive index lens element formed by alternately laminating polymer gel layers and solvent layers is the one shown in FIG. ), it is possible to greatly change the refractive power, and
By making the thickness of each polymer gel layer thinner than in the first embodiment, the body J+'! Although change 11 is the same,
The deformation response characteristics according to the applied voltage can be improved, and high-speed driving can be made possible. For example, a variable surface shape lens element in which 200 polymer gel layers are laminated alternately with solvent layers with a thickness of 20 mm has an initial surface with a radius of curvature of 78 mm to 30 mm.
It transforms. When a voltage of 7 cm was applied to the electrode 5, such deformation required 80 m5 ec.
また第２の実施例は、第１の実施例と同様に初期面形状
を液体ポンプＰからの溶媒層４への溶媒の供給量に応じ
変えることができる。更に高分子ゲル層の膨潤、収縮に
よるレンズ素子の表面形状の変化に加えて、液体ポンプ
からの溶媒の供給、吸引による表面形状の制御も可能で
ある。この結果、相転移電圧までの電圧制御と、液体ポ
ンプによる溶媒層の体積制御により、弾性体層１．２の
破断限界内の変形範囲において任１位の曲率半径に高速
制御可能となる。Further, in the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the initial surface shape can be changed depending on the amount of solvent supplied from the liquid pump P to the solvent layer 4. Furthermore, in addition to changing the surface shape of the lens element due to swelling and contraction of the polymer gel layer, it is also possible to control the surface shape by supplying and suctioning a solvent from a liquid pump. As a result, by controlling the voltage up to the phase transition voltage and controlling the volume of the solvent layer using the liquid pump, it becomes possible to control the radius of curvature at high speed to the desired maximum within the deformation range within the rupture limit of the elastic layer 1.2.
第４図に、溶媒による膨憫、収縮に関与しない透明弾性
体層かｍ層（第４図の１）とされ、その内側に溶媒層４
と高分子ゲル３とが積層されてなる可変屈折力レンズ素
子を、第３の実施例として示す。この実施例によれば、
第１および第２の実施例に比して更に大きな表面形状の
変形が可能となる。第１および第２の実施例における弾
性体層の２層構造は、球面形状保持変形のため、その外
側層を硬質の比較的ヤング率の高い弾性体層、内側層を
軟質のヤング率の低い弾性体層で構成した。こうすると
、高分子ゲル層の膨潤、収縮による弾性体層の変形に伴
なって内側の軟質弾性体層か外側の硬質弾性体層より、
降伏破断限界が低く、このため、可変屈折力レンズ素子
の変形可能範囲が制限をうけることになる。しかし、こ
れを第３の実施例のように溶媒層すなわち液体層とする
ことにより、変形可能範囲が著しく広がる。In Fig. 4, there is a transparent elastic layer or m layer (1 in Fig. 4) that does not take part in swelling or contraction due to solvent, and a solvent layer 4 is inside the m layer (1 in Fig. 4).
A variable refractive power lens element formed by laminating a polymer gel 3 and a polymer gel 3 will be shown as a third embodiment. According to this example,
A larger deformation of the surface shape is possible than in the first and second embodiments. The two-layer structure of the elastic layer in the first and second embodiments is such that the outer layer is a hard elastic layer with a relatively high Young's modulus, and the inner layer is a soft elastic layer with a low Young's modulus, in order to maintain the spherical shape and deform. Composed of an elastic layer. In this way, as the elastic layer deforms due to swelling and contraction of the polymer gel layer, the inner soft elastic layer or the outer hard elastic layer
The yield rupture limit is low, which limits the deformable range of the variable power lens element. However, by making this a solvent layer, that is, a liquid layer as in the third embodiment, the range of deformation is significantly expanded.
本発明による可変屈折力レンズ素子の表面形状は球面形
状であることに限定するものではなく、容易に非球面形
状を得ることができる。第３の実施例において、球面形
状を維持しながら曲率半径を変化させるためには、外側
の弾性体層１の肉厚を不均一にする必要かある。The surface shape of the variable refractive power lens element according to the present invention is not limited to a spherical shape, but an aspherical shape can be easily obtained. In the third embodiment, in order to change the radius of curvature while maintaining the spherical shape, it is necessary to make the thickness of the outer elastic layer 1 non-uniform.
また、第３の実施例の構造は第２の実施例と同様に高分
子ゲル層と溶媒層との交互積層のｎ層構造（ｎ≧２）に
一般化することができる。このような構造を採用し、例
えば、厚さ２０−のアクリルアシド系高分子ゲルと溶媒
層とが２００層交互に積層された第４図に示されるよう
な素子において、印加電圧７ｖで初期面形状が曲率半径
２００ｍｍの球面を曲率半径３０ｍｍの球面に変形させ
ることができた。Further, the structure of the third embodiment can be generalized to an n-layer structure (n≧2) in which polymer gel layers and solvent layers are alternately laminated as in the second embodiment. In a device employing such a structure, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, in which 200 layers of acrylic acid-based polymer gel and solvent layers of 20-thickness are alternately laminated, the initial surface is A spherical surface with a radius of curvature of 200 mm could be transformed into a spherical surface with a radius of curvature of 30 mm.
以上の実施例において初期面形状が凸面であり、凸面か
ら凸面への曲率半径変化を行なうものであフたが、本発
明においては初期面形状を凹面とし、凹面から曲率半径
の異なる他の凹面への面形状制御も可能である。また溶
媒を供給する液体ポンプは必ずしも第１．２．４図のＰ
に示すように、レンズ部に隣接して配置される必要はな
く、溶媒導入路を介してレンズ部から放しておくことが
できる。一方、弾性体層と高分子ゲル層或は溶媒層との
界面の電極（第２図の１０）は、導電性ゴムを用いても
よい。 。In the above embodiments, the initial surface shape was a convex surface, and the radius of curvature changed from convex surface to convex surface. It is also possible to control the surface shape. Also, the liquid pump that supplies the solvent is not necessarily connected to P in Figure 1.2.4.
As shown in FIG. 2, it is not necessary to arrange the lens part adjacent to the lens part, and it can be left away from the lens part via the solvent introduction path. On the other hand, the electrode (10 in FIG. 2) at the interface between the elastic layer and the polymer gel layer or solvent layer may be made of conductive rubber. .
本発明による第４の実施例として５第５図に、弾性体層
と高分子ゲル層との界面電極パターンに印加する電圧を
電極パターンの位置に応して兄なる大きさとすることが
できる構成を示す。As a fourth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 shows a configuration in which the voltage applied to the electrode pattern at the interface between the elastic layer and the polymer gel layer can be made larger in size depending on the position of the electrode pattern. shows.
第５図、５０−１．５０−２．・・・は円環状電極で半
径の兄なる電極上で異なる電圧を印加することができ、
各電極は異なる面上にあり、外周部電極５１−１．５１
−２．・・・と円環状電極とを結ぶ、電極線５２−１．
５２−２．・・・は他の円環状電極とは各円環状電極線
がショートしないよう立体交差するように構成されてい
る。このような電極は、必ずしも弾性体層と高分子ゲル
層との界面にある必要はなく、境界壁９の表面上に上述
のごとく形成し、先の界面には−様な透明導電体層或は
ＩＴＯ電極バターンを形成してもよい。第４の実施例に
よれば、各円環状電極に印加する′Ｉπ圧を制御するこ
とにより高分子ゲル層の膨潤、収縮量を空間的に制御す
ることができ、その結果レンズの表面形状の制御特性が
向上し、表面形状のとりつる自由度が増す。Figure 5, 50-1.50-2. ... is an annular electrode, and different voltages can be applied on the radius electrode,
Each electrode is on a different plane, and the outer peripheral electrode 51-1.51
-2. ... and the annular electrode are connected to the electrode wire 52-1.
52-2. . . . is configured to cross three-dimensionally with other annular electrodes so that each annular electrode wire does not short-circuit. Such an electrode does not necessarily need to be located at the interface between the elastic layer and the polymer gel layer, but may be formed on the surface of the boundary wall 9 as described above, and a transparent conductive layer such as - may form an ITO electrode pattern. According to the fourth embodiment, by controlling the 'Iπ pressure applied to each annular electrode, the amount of swelling and contraction of the polymer gel layer can be spatially controlled, and as a result, the surface shape of the lens can be controlled. Control characteristics are improved and the degree of freedom in controlling the surface shape increases.
即ち、所定の球面から異なる周率半径をもつ球面への制
御のみならず、他の所定の非球面形状への制御も可能と
なる。That is, it is possible not only to control a predetermined spherical surface to a spherical surface having a different circumferential radius, but also to control to other predetermined aspherical shapes.
第４の実施例においては、円環状電極線の数は、レンズ
素子としての光学性能を考慮すれば、むやみに増すこと
はできないが、円環状電極としてＩＴＯのような透明で
、かつ、ゴム弾性体に近い弾力性をもつ導電体を用いれ
ば、電極線を稠密にして、表面形状の制御特性を更に上
げることができる。第４の実施例においてはその他の構
成は第１〜第３の実施例と同じであり、ここでは具体的
に記さない。なお、高分子ゲルに印加する電圧を空間的
に制御する構成としてはこのほかに、各円環状電極をそ
れぞれ異なる高分子ゲル層中に埋め込むか、高分子ゲル
層と溶媒層の異なる界面に配置する構成もＩｉｒ能てあ
り５円環状の電極線の１１体交差も容易となる。In the fourth embodiment, the number of annular electrode wires cannot be increased unnecessarily in consideration of the optical performance as a lens element. If a conductor with elasticity close to that of the body is used, the electrode wires can be made denser and the control characteristics of the surface shape can be further improved. The other configurations of the fourth embodiment are the same as those of the first to third embodiments, and will not be specifically described here. In addition, other configurations for spatially controlling the voltage applied to the polymer gel include embedding each annular electrode in a different polymer gel layer, or placing it at different interfaces between the polymer gel layer and the solvent layer. It is also possible to have a configuration in which 11 electrode wires of 5 annular electrodes intersect with each other.
本発明による高分子ゲル層のＪゾさは一定である必東は
なく、機械的強度或は理想的面形状＄制御の観点から肉
厚に分布をつけてもよい。また、第１〜第４の実施例に
おいては、電圧の印加による品分ｔゲルの膨イν１、収
縮現象を可変面形状レンズ素子の駆動に利用したか、熱
、ｐｌ＋の勾配、光エネルギーなどのゲルの膨潤、収縮
を引き起こす他の外部エネルギーを利用してもよい。The thickness of the polymer gel layer according to the present invention does not necessarily have to be constant, but may be distributed in thickness from the viewpoint of mechanical strength or ideal surface shape control. In addition, in the first to fourth embodiments, the expansion ν1 and contraction phenomena of the product t gel due to the application of voltage were used to drive the variable surface shape lens element, heat, pl+ gradient, light energy, etc. Other external energy may be used to cause the gel to swell or contract.
また２つ以上の屈折率の異なる溶媒を溶媒層に出入りさ
せることによる屈折力変化を利用することもできる。It is also possible to utilize a change in refractive power by allowing two or more solvents with different refractive indexes to enter and exit the solvent layer.
第６図は本発明の可変屈折カレンズ素イの第５の実施例
を示す概略図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the variable refraction lens element of the present invention.
この実施例では、レンズ素子のアクチュエーターを兼ね
る２つの高分子ゲル層３ａ、３ｂと、これらの高分子ゲ
ル３ａ、３ｂによって吸い込まれたり、はき出される液
体からなる溶媒層４ａ。In this embodiment, there are two polymer gel layers 3a and 3b that also serve as actuators of the lens element, and a solvent layer 4a made of liquid that is sucked in and expelled by these polymer gels 3a and 3b.
４ｂとでレンズ部か構成されている。4b constitutes a lens section.
高分子ゲル層３ａ、３ｂと電極５との界面は導電性接着
剤で接合されている。The interface between the polymer gel layers 3a, 3b and the electrode 5 is bonded with a conductive adhesive.
なお、高分子ゲル層３ａ、３ｂの溶媒層４に接する面上
には、白金、銅、アルミニウム等の電極線の網目状パタ
ーンが配線されている。Note that a mesh pattern of electrode wires made of platinum, copper, aluminum, etc. is wired on the surfaces of the polymer gel layers 3a and 3b that are in contact with the solvent layer 4.
この図の素子の入射光側面（出射光側面）を正面として
表わした概略図は第２図と同様である。A schematic view of the element in this figure, with the incident light side surface (outgoing light side surface) taken as the front, is the same as that in FIG. 2.
本発明の第６の実施例として、第７図に膨潤、収縮を起
こす高分子ゲル層が、多層構造の層３−１〜３−３から
成り、その各ゲル層間に溶媒層２が配された構造を特徴
とする可変面形状レンズ素子を示す。As a sixth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 7, a polymer gel layer that swells and contracts is composed of layers 3-1 to 3-3 in a multilayer structure, and a solvent layer 2 is arranged between each gel layer. This figure shows a variable surface shape lens element characterized by a structure with a variable surface shape.
この実施例も第３図に示した実施例と同様な効果がある
。This embodiment also has the same effect as the embodiment shown in FIG.
第５．６の実施例のような構成においても、第５図と同
様にして界面電極パターンに印加する電圧を電極パター
ンの位置に応じて異なる大きさとすることができる。Even in the structure of the fifth and sixth embodiments, the voltage applied to the interface electrode pattern can be made to have a different magnitude depending on the position of the electrode pattern in the same way as in FIG.
第８図は本発明のレンズ素子の第７の実施例をを示す概
略図であり、光学表面を構成する透明弾性体層１、高分
子ゲルから成る内層（高分子ゲル層）３、電極５、レン
ズの開口部を成し透明弾性体１と高分子ゲル層３と′１
電極５とを収容するレンズホルダー６、基板ｌＯおよび
溶媒層３を七盟部とする。この素子の電極５に電圧を印
加することにより、高分子ゲルが溶媒を取り込み膨潤す
るか、あるいは溶媒を放出して収縮したりすることによ
る体積変化を利用してレンズ表面の透明弾性体層の形状
か変えられる。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the lens element of the present invention, in which a transparent elastic layer 1 constituting the optical surface, an inner layer (polymer gel layer) 3 made of polymer gel, and electrodes 5 , the transparent elastic body 1 and the polymer gel layers 3 and '1 form the opening of the lens.
The lens holder 6 that accommodates the electrode 5, the substrate 1O, and the solvent layer 3 constitute the seven members. By applying a voltage to the electrode 5 of this element, the polymer gel takes in a solvent and swells, or releases the solvent and contracts, which causes volume changes to be used to create a transparent elastic layer on the lens surface. The shape can be changed.
Ｊ、Ｌ板１０は所望の透明度を仔すればその材″ｉ１に
特に制限はない。また、基板１０はレンズホルダーと一
体となっていてもよい。There is no particular restriction on the material "i1" of the J and L plates 10 as long as they have a desired transparency.Furthermore, the substrate 10 may be integrated with the lens holder.
電極５には不図示の電極により電流が流される。A current is applied to the electrode 5 by an electrode (not shown).
本発明の第８の実施例を第９図に示す。この例では、レ
ンズの入射光側面と出射光側面とで、独立に面形状制御
か可能である。即ち、基板１０を境界壁とじて、第８図
と同じ構造の、透明弾性体層１ａ、ｌｂと高分子ゲル層
３ａ、３ｂと電極５等から成る可変面形状レンズをＴＴ
Ｌ、片凸、片口、両凸、両凹いずれもとりつる両面独
立制御可能な構造をもつ。An eighth embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. In this example, it is possible to independently control the surface shape of the incident light side surface and the outgoing light side surface of the lens. That is, with the substrate 10 as a boundary wall, a variable surface shape lens consisting of transparent elastic layers 1a, lb, polymer gel layers 3a, 3b, electrodes 5, etc., having the same structure as shown in FIG.
It has a structure that allows both sides to be independently controlled, including L, single-convex, single-sided, double-convex, and double-concave.
第９図に示すレンズでは、透明弾性体層１ａと１ｂを、
それぞれの表面の曲率半径が異なるように成形し、これ
を初期面とすることができる。また、透明弾性体層１ａ
、ｌｂの肉厚分！５を変えたり、ヤング率の異なる材料
を用いて成形することにより、高分子ゲルの膨溜収縮に
よるレンズ表面形状の変１［′、特性は、それぞれの面
で、独立に任意にとることかできる。更に液体ポンプに
よる溶媒の注入量によっても、それぞれの面の初期形状
を変えることかできる。In the lens shown in FIG. 9, the transparent elastic layers 1a and 1b are
Each surface can be formed to have a different radius of curvature, and this can be used as the initial surface. In addition, the transparent elastic layer 1a
, lb thick! 5 or by molding using materials with different Young's moduli, the lens surface shape can be changed due to expansion and contraction of the polymer gel. can. Furthermore, the initial shape of each surface can be changed by changing the amount of solvent injected by the liquid pump.
第８の実施例も第７の実施例と同様に電場の印加により
高分子ゲル層３ａ、３ｂは溶媒を吸収して膨潤する。印
加電場と膨潤収縮による体積変化の特性は高分子ゲルの
組成を変えることにより、変更することができるから、
異なる組成のゲルをそれぞれの面で用いるか、あるいは
相転移電場内て電極間電場を調整することによって高分
子ゲルの膨潤収縮【１１をそれぞれの面で異なるｈｌと
することができる。以上にようにして、入射光側面と出
射光側面とで、Ｗなる可変面形状特性を与えることがで
きる。In the eighth embodiment, as in the seventh embodiment, the polymer gel layers 3a and 3b absorb the solvent and swell when an electric field is applied. The characteristics of volume change due to applied electric field and swelling and contraction can be changed by changing the composition of the polymer gel.
By using gels with different compositions on each surface or adjusting the interelectrode electric field within the phase transition electric field, the swelling/shrinkage [11] of the polymer gel can be made to have a different hl on each surface. In the manner described above, a variable surface shape characteristic of W can be provided between the incident light side surface and the outgoing light side surface.
本発明の第９．１０の実施例を第１０．１１図に示す。Embodiment 9.10 of the invention is shown in FIG. 10.11.
各実施例では、光線が透過するレンズ部と光線の透過し
ないレンズホルダー６内との間に゛６透膜１１が設けら
れ、透明弾性体層１で覆われるレンズ部の内層として高
分子ゲルの溶媒たる液体層が存在する。In each embodiment, a transparent film 11 is provided between the lens part through which light rays pass and the inside of the lens holder 6 through which light rays do not pass, and a polymer gel is used as the inner layer of the lens part covered with the transparent elastic layer 1. There is a liquid layer that is the solvent.
各実施例においては、電圧の印加による高分子ゲルの膨
潤、収縮現象を可変面形状レンズ素子の駆動に利用した
が、熱、ｐｌ＋の勾配、光エネルギーなどのゲルの膨潤
、収縮を引き起こす他の外部エネルギーを利用してもよ
い。In each example, the phenomenon of swelling and contraction of the polymer gel due to the application of voltage was used to drive the variable surface shape lens element, but other factors that cause the swelling and contraction of the gel, such as heat, pl+ gradient, and optical energy, were used to drive the variable surface shape lens element. External energy may also be used.
本発明による可変屈折率レンズ素子の表面形状は球面形
状であることに限定するものではなく、容易に非球面形
状を得ることができる。The surface shape of the variable refractive index lens element according to the present invention is not limited to a spherical shape, but an aspherical shape can be easily obtained.
なお、以上の実施例のうち代表的構成を簡単に示せば、
（ａ）溶媒供給・吸引手段によって、前記溶媒層の体積
が変えられて屈折率が可変となるもの、（ｂ）レンズ部
の表面形状が変化することにより、屈折率が可変となる
もの、
（Ｃ）レンズ部の溶媒の屈折率が変化することにより、
屈折力が可変となるもの
（ｄ）高分子ゲル層と面記溶媒層とが交互に積層されて
成り、その組み合わせが２組以上であるもの（ｃ）弾性
体が剛性率の異なる複数の弾性体層からなるもの、であ
る。The typical configurations of the above embodiments are briefly shown as follows: (a) the volume of the solvent layer is changed by the solvent supply/suction means, and the refractive index is variable; (b) the refractive index of the lens portion is changed. (C) The refractive index changes by changing the surface shape. (C) The refractive index of the solvent in the lens part changes.
(d) A device in which the refractive power is variable (d) A device in which a polymer gel layer and a surface solvent layer are alternately laminated, and there are two or more combinations thereof (c) A device in which the elastic body has multiple elastic bodies with different rigidities It consists of body layers.
（発明の効果）
以上説明したような、高分子ゲルと溶媒層とをもつ可変
屈折力レンズ素子では、少ないエネルギー付与（例えば
、電圧５〜７ｖ程度）で、表面形状の曲率変化を大きく
とることができ、またレンズ部を構成する高分子ゲルの
膨潤収縮による駆動の利用により、外部に特別な駆動装
置を設ける必要がなくなり、レンズ素子の小型化に寄与
°する。(Effect of the invention) As explained above, in the variable refractive power lens element having a polymer gel and a solvent layer, a large change in the curvature of the surface shape can be achieved by applying a small amount of energy (for example, a voltage of about 5 to 7 V). In addition, by using driving by the swelling and contraction of the polymer gel constituting the lens portion, there is no need to provide a special external driving device, contributing to miniaturization of the lens element.
また、入射光側面と出射光側面とで、面形状を独立に制
御することが、従来の押し込み（戻し）駆動に比べて簡
単に実現できるようになった。Furthermore, it is now possible to independently control the surface shapes of the incident light side surface and the output light side surface more easily than with the conventional push-in (return) drive.
更に高分子ゲル層を薄）１ｑ化し、多層化することによ
ってレンズ素子の面形状の変形駆動の高速化が可能とな
った。また、更に最外層を透明弾性体とすることにより
溶媒の蒸発防止、面形状の安定性、球面制御性が向−ヒ
する等の効果がある。Furthermore, by making the polymer gel layer thinner (1q) and making it multi-layered, it became possible to speed up the deformation drive of the surface shape of the lens element. Moreover, by making the outermost layer a transparent elastic material, there are effects such as prevention of solvent evaporation, stability of surface shape, and improved spherical controllability.
第１図は本発明の可変屈折力レンズ素子の一実り’ｔｓ
例を示す図、第２図は、網目状の？？を極線パターンを
示すために第１図の可変屈折力レンズ素子を正面から表
した図、第３図は高分子ゲルと溶媒層とが交互に複数組
間層された実施例の断面図、第４図は、透明弾性体層を
一層とし、溶媒層、高分子ゲル層を交互に積層した実施
例の断面図、第５図は電極線パターンが同心円状にされ
た実施例を示す図、第６図は本発明の可変屈折力レンズ
素子の一実施例を示す図、第７図は高分子ゲルと溶媒層
とが交互に積層された場合の実施例の断面図、第８図は
本発明の可変面形状レンズ素子の−実施例を示す図、第
９図は、レンズの表面制御が可能な実施例を示す断面図
、第１０．１１図は、それぞれ光線の透過するレンズ部
とレンズホルダーとの間に半透膜が設けられた実施例を
示す図、第１２図は高分子ゲルに電場を印加したときの
体積変化特性の一例を示す図、第１３．１４図は、従来
の可変屈折力レンズ素子の駆動法を示す図である。
特許出願人 キャノン株式会社Figure 1 shows the fruit of the variable refractive power lens element of the present invention.
An example figure, Figure 2, shows a mesh-like ? ? 1 is a front view of the variable refractive power lens element shown in FIG. 1 to show the polar pattern, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which multiple sets of polymer gel and solvent layers are alternately layered. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which a transparent elastic layer is one layer, and solvent layers and polymer gel layers are alternately laminated; FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which the electrode wire pattern is concentric; Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the variable refractive power lens element of the present invention, Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which polymer gel and solvent layers are alternately laminated, and Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the variable refractive power lens element of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the variable surface shape lens element of the invention, and FIG. 10 and FIG. A diagram showing an example in which a semipermeable membrane is provided between the holder, Figure 12 is a diagram showing an example of volume change characteristics when an electric field is applied to a polymer gel, and Figures 13 and 14 are diagrams showing a conventional example. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a method of driving a variable refractive power lens element. Patent applicant Canon Co., Ltd.
Claims (1)
高分子ゲル層と、該高分子ゲルにエネルギーを付与する
エネルギー供給手段と、該高分子ゲルに溶媒を供与でき
るように配された溶媒層とから少くとも成る、光の透過
しうるレンズ部と、 （ｂ）溶媒を、該溶媒層に供給しまた該溶媒層から吸引
する溶媒供給吸引手段とから成る、 屈折力が可変であるレンズ素子であって、 前記高分子ゲルは外部エネルギーの付与と溶媒の影響に
より膨潤・収縮するものであることを特徴とする屈折力
可変レンズ素子。 ２）（ａ）光学面を有する高分子ゲル層と、該高分子ゲ
ルにエネルギーを付与するエネルギー供給手段と、該高
分子ゲルに溶媒を供与できるように配された溶媒層とか
ら少くとも成る、光の透過しうるレンズ部と、 （ｂ）溶媒を、該溶媒層に供給しまた該溶媒層から吸引
する溶媒供給吸引手段とから成る、 屈折力が可変であるレンズ素子であつて、 前記高分子ゲルは外部エネルギーの付与と溶媒の影響に
より膨潤・収縮するものであることを特徴とする屈折力
可変レンズ素子。 ３）開口を有するレンズホルダーと、レンズホルダー内
に存在する高分子ゲル層と、開口に設けられた、光学面
を有する透明弾性体と、高分子ゲル層に溶媒を供与でき
るように配された溶媒層と、高分子ゲル層にエネルギー
を付与するエネルギー供給手段と、溶媒を溶媒層に供給
しまた該溶媒層から吸引する溶媒供給吸引手段とを具備
する、可変面形状レンズ素子であって、 前記高分子ゲルは外部エネルギーの付与と溶媒の影響に
より膨潤・収縮するものであり、その膨潤・収縮により
前記透明弾性体層の表面が可変となることを特徴とする
可変面形状レンズ素子。[Claims] 1) (a) An elastic layer having an optical surface, a polymer gel layer inside the elastic layer, an energy supply means for applying energy to the polymer gel, and a solvent for the polymer gel. (b) a solvent supply/suction means for supplying the solvent to the solvent layer and sucking the solvent from the solvent layer; 1. A variable refractive power lens element comprising: a variable refractive power lens element, wherein the polymer gel swells and contracts under the influence of external energy and a solvent. 2) (a) Consists of at least a polymer gel layer having an optical surface, an energy supply means for applying energy to the polymer gel, and a solvent layer arranged so as to supply a solvent to the polymer gel. A lens element having a variable refractive power, comprising: a lens portion through which light can pass; and (b) a solvent supply/suction means for supplying a solvent to the solvent layer and sucking the solvent from the solvent layer; A variable refractive power lens element characterized by a polymer gel that swells and contracts under the influence of external energy and solvent. 3) A lens holder having an opening, a polymer gel layer present in the lens holder, a transparent elastic body provided in the opening and having an optical surface, and arranged so as to be able to supply a solvent to the polymer gel layer. A variable surface shape lens element comprising a solvent layer, an energy supply means for applying energy to a polymer gel layer, and a solvent supply/suction means for supplying a solvent to the solvent layer and sucking it from the solvent layer, The variable surface shape lens element is characterized in that the polymer gel swells and contracts due to the application of external energy and the influence of a solvent, and the surface of the transparent elastic layer becomes variable due to the swelling and contraction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5505388A JPH01230004A (en) | 1988-03-10 | 1988-03-10 | Refractive power variable lens element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5505388A JPH01230004A (en) | 1988-03-10 | 1988-03-10 | Refractive power variable lens element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01230004A true JPH01230004A (en) | 1989-09-13 |
Family
ID=12987936
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5505388A Pending JPH01230004A (en) | 1988-03-10 | 1988-03-10 | Refractive power variable lens element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01230004A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6445509B1 (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2002-09-03 | Ray Marvin Alden | Variable fresnel type structures and process |
| WO2006109433A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Seiko Precision Inc. | Focusing device and imaging device |
| WO2007020184A1 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2007-02-22 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Artificial accommodation system |
| JP2007114608A (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-05-10 | Seiko Precision Inc | Variable focus lens, and focusing device and imaging apparatus using variable focus lens |
| JP2007322479A (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2007-12-13 | Konica Minolta Opto Inc | Driving unit, imaging unit and imaging apparatus |
| DE102007008374A1 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2008-08-28 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Implantable system for determining the accommodation requirement by measuring the eyeball orientation using an external magnetic field |
| JP2009229513A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2009-10-08 | Univ Of Tokyo | Variable focal lens |
| JP2010518444A (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2010-05-27 | ポライト エイエス | Flexible lens assembly with variable focal length |
| DE102009059229A1 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 | Implantable system for determining accommodation needs |
| KR101360455B1 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2014-02-07 | 포라이트 에이에스 | Design of compact adjustable lens |
| KR101360545B1 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2014-02-10 | 포라이트 에이에스 | Method for manufacturing adjustable lens |
-
1988
- 1988-03-10 JP JP5505388A patent/JPH01230004A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6445509B1 (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2002-09-03 | Ray Marvin Alden | Variable fresnel type structures and process |
| US7933081B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2011-04-26 | Seiko Precision Inc. | Focusing device and imaging device |
| WO2006109433A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Seiko Precision Inc. | Focusing device and imaging device |
| WO2007020184A1 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2007-02-22 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Artificial accommodation system |
| JP4697788B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2011-06-08 | セイコープレシジョン株式会社 | Variable focus lens, and focus adjustment device and imaging device using the same |
| JP2007114608A (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-05-10 | Seiko Precision Inc | Variable focus lens, and focusing device and imaging apparatus using variable focus lens |
| JP2007322479A (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2007-12-13 | Konica Minolta Opto Inc | Driving unit, imaging unit and imaging apparatus |
| KR101360455B1 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2014-02-07 | 포라이트 에이에스 | Design of compact adjustable lens |
| KR101360545B1 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2014-02-10 | 포라이트 에이에스 | Method for manufacturing adjustable lens |
| JP2010518444A (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2010-05-27 | ポライト エイエス | Flexible lens assembly with variable focal length |
| KR101452011B1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2014-10-21 | 포라이트 에이에스 | Lens assembly |
| DE102007008374A1 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2008-08-28 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Implantable system for determining the accommodation requirement by measuring the eyeball orientation using an external magnetic field |
| JP2009229513A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2009-10-08 | Univ Of Tokyo | Variable focal lens |
| DE102009059229A1 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 | Implantable system for determining accommodation needs |
| WO2011080107A2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2011-07-07 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Implantable system for determining accommodation need |
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