JPH01118138A - Photosensitive body - Google Patents
Photosensitive bodyInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01118138A JPH01118138A JP27707187A JP27707187A JPH01118138A JP H01118138 A JPH01118138 A JP H01118138A JP 27707187 A JP27707187 A JP 27707187A JP 27707187 A JP27707187 A JP 27707187A JP H01118138 A JPH01118138 A JP H01118138A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polycarbonate
- structural unit
- group
- photoreceptor
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 abstract description 50
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 50
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 68
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 60
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 37
- -1 phenol compound Chemical class 0.000 description 33
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 12
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004419 Panlite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 102100039497 Choline transporter-like protein 3 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101000889279 Homo sapiens Choline transporter-like protein 3 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000402 bisphenol A polycarbonate polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 3
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroethane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UWYZHKAOTLEWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CNCCC2=C1 UWYZHKAOTLEWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)NC2=C1NC=N2 LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MJVAVZPDRWSRRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Menadione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C)=CC(=O)C2=C1 MJVAVZPDRWSRRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical group C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LBGCRGLFTKVXDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M ac1mc2aw Chemical compound [Al+3].[Cl-].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 LBGCRGLFTKVXDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CREXVNNSNOKDHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azaniumylideneazanide Chemical group N[N] CREXVNNSNOKDHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJNYIFMVIUOUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;ethenyl acetate;furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound ClC=C.CC(=O)OC=C.O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 QJNYIFMVIUOUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxytitamium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Ti+2]=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IOEPOEDBBPRAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydroisoquinoline Chemical group C1=CC=C2CNC=CC2=C1 IOEPOEDBBPRAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMNSBFYYVHREEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dinitroanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 NMNSBFYYVHREEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVMIKRZPDSXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibromobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(Br)C(=O)CBr XVMIKRZPDSXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPVORJLWOBDFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-selenazolidine Chemical compound C1C[Se]CN1 IPVORJLWOBDFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGYGFUAIIOPWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazolidine Chemical compound C1CSCN1 OGYGFUAIIOPWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dihydropyridine Chemical group C1C=CNC=C1 YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJRJRUMKQCMYDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C(Cl)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 HJRJRUMKQCMYDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPMHMYHJGDAHKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C(C=C)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 WPMHMYHJGDAHKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNIDKXOANSRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trinitrofluoren-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C([N+](=O)[O-])C([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)C3=CC2=C1 FKNIDKXOANSRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIEFDNUEROKZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylethenyl)aniline Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BIEFDNUEROKZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical group C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyrroline Chemical compound C1CC=CN1 RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-thiazine Chemical compound N1SC=CC=C1 AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYWYYJYRVSBHJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 VYWYYJYRVSBHJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWFUFLREGJMOIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O LWFUFLREGJMOIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVVFUAACPKXXKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydro-1,3-selenazole Chemical group C1CN=C[Se]1 MVVFUAACPKXXKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITUYMTWJWYTELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloroiminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one Chemical compound ClN=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 ITUYMTWJWYTELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROFZMKDROVBLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ROFZMKDROVBLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001054 5 membered carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MMVIDXVHQANYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 MMVIDXVHQANYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004008 6 membered carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MEXUTNIFSHFQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7,12,13-tetrahydro-5h-indolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-5-one Chemical compound C12=C3C=CC=C[C]3NC2=C2NC3=CC=C[CH]C3=C2C2=C1C(=O)NC2 MEXUTNIFSHFQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGOYZCQQQFAGRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-ethenylanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 OGOYZCQQQFAGRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imidazolidine Chemical compound C1CNCN1 WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930192627 Naphthoquinone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazolidine Chemical compound C1COCN1 WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001215 Te alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QHWKHLYUUZGSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrabromophthalic anhydride Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1Br QHWKHLYUUZGSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTWQZJLUUZHJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vat Yellow 4 Chemical class C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=O)C4=C3C2=C1C=C4 ZTWQZJLUUZHJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002433 Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QLNFINLXAKOTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [As].[Se] Chemical compound [As].[Se] QLNFINLXAKOTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000738 acetamido group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- LZBCVRCTAYKYHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;chloroethene Chemical compound ClC=C.CC(O)=O LZBCVRCTAYKYHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001251 acridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PGEHNUUBUQTUJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthanthrone Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=C4C=CC=C5C(=O)C6=CC=C1C2=C6C3=C54 PGEHNUUBUQTUJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940058303 antinematodal benzimidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940027998 antiseptic and disinfectant acridine derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- CJPQIRJHIZUAQP-MRXNPFEDSA-N benalaxyl-M Chemical compound CC=1C=CC=C(C)C=1N([C@H](C)C(=O)OC)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CJPQIRJHIZUAQP-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical class N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)NC2=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLPKSBDJMLUTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) 2-butyl-2-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]propanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)C(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1)(CCCC)CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 FLPKSBDJMLUTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLATXDOZXBEBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Se-2].[Cd+2].[Cd+2] JLATXDOZXBEBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005626 carbonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006355 carbonyl methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromane Chemical group C1=CC=C2CCCOC2=C1 VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001907 coumarones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002461 imidazolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APHGZSBLRQFRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M indium(1+);chloride Chemical compound [In]Cl APHGZSBLRQFRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GWVMLCQWXVFZCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoindoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CNCC2=C1 GWVMLCQWXVFZCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSIHWSXXPBAGTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoviolanthrone Chemical class C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C(C4=C56)=CC=C5C5=CC=CC=C5C(=O)C6=CC=C4C4=C3C2=C1C=C4 BSIHWSXXPBAGTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNYHMCFMPHPHOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mellitic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C2=C1C(C(OC1=O)=O)=C1C1=C2C(=O)OC1=O NNYHMCFMPHPHOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000113 methacrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical class [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRZZLAGRKZIJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxyvanadium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [V+2]=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 YRZZLAGRKZIJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perinone Chemical compound C12=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC=C4C(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C13 DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001791 phenazinyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pibenzimol Chemical class C1CN(C)CCN1C1=CC=C(N=C(N2)C=3C=C4NC(=NC4=CC=3)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C2=C1 INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrroline Natural products C1CC=NC1 ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical class N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004060 quinone imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QXKXDIKCIPXUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemercury Chemical compound [Hg]=S QXKXDIKCIPXUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorophthalic anhydride Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1Cl AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoethylene Chemical group N#CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C#N NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004853 tetrahydropyridinyl group Chemical group N1(CCCC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007979 thiazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiazoline Chemical group C1CN=CS1 CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical class S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YKSGNOMLAIJTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N violanthrone Chemical class C12=C3C4=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=C3C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=C4C1=C32 YKSGNOMLAIJTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940075420 xanthine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
- G03G5/0557—Macromolecular bonding materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds
- G03G5/0564—Polycarbonates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0503—Inert supplements
- G03G5/051—Organic non-macromolecular compounds
- G03G5/0517—Organic non-macromolecular compounds comprising one or more cyclic groups consisting of carbon-atoms only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
- G03G5/14708—Cover layers comprising organic material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
- G03G5/14708—Cover layers comprising organic material
- G03G5/14713—Macromolecular material
- G03G5/14747—Macromolecular material obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G5/14756—Polycarbonates
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
ィ、産業上の利用分野
本発明は感光体、例えば電子写真感光体に関するもので
ある。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a photoreceptor, such as an electrophotographic photoreceptor.
口、従来技術
カールソン方法の電子写真複写機においては、感光体表
面に帯電させた後、露光によって静電潜像を形成すると
共に、その静電潜像をトナーによって現像し、次いでそ
の可視像を紙等に転写、定着させる。 同時に、感光体
は付着トナーの除去や除電、表面の清浄化が施され、長
期に亘って反復使用される。In conventional electrophotographic copying machines using the Carlson method, after the surface of a photoreceptor is charged, an electrostatic latent image is formed by exposure, and the electrostatic latent image is developed with toner, and then a visible image is formed. Transfer and fix onto paper, etc. At the same time, the photoreceptor is subjected to removal of adhered toner, neutralization of static electricity, and surface cleaning, and is used repeatedly over a long period of time.
従って、電子写真感光体としては、帯電特性および感度
が良好で更に暗減衰が小さい等の電子写真特性は勿論で
あるが、加えて繰り返し使用での耐剛性、耐摩耗性、耐
湿性等の物理的性質や、コロナ放電時に発生するオゾン
、露光時の紫外線等への耐性（耐環境性）においても良
好であることが要求される。Therefore, as an electrophotographic photoreceptor, it not only has electrophotographic properties such as good charging characteristics and sensitivity, and low dark decay, but also physical properties such as stiffness resistance, abrasion resistance, and moisture resistance after repeated use. It is also required to have good physical properties and resistance to ozone generated during corona discharge, ultraviolet rays during exposure, etc. (environmental resistance).
従来、電子写真感光体としては、セレン、酸化亜鉛、硫
化カドミウム等の無機光導電性物質を主成分とする感光
層を有する無機感光体が広く用いられている。Conventionally, as electrophotographic photoreceptors, inorganic photoreceptors having a photosensitive layer mainly composed of an inorganic photoconductive substance such as selenium, zinc oxide, or cadmium sulfide have been widely used.
一方、種々の有機光導電性物質を電子写真感光体の感光
層の材料として利用することが近年活発に開発、研究さ
れている。On the other hand, the use of various organic photoconductive substances as materials for photosensitive layers of electrophotographic photoreceptors has been actively developed and researched in recent years.
例えば特公昭５０−１０４９６号には、ポリ−Ｎ−ビニ
ルカルバゾールと２．４．７−）ジニトロ−９−フルオ
レノンを含有した感光層を有する有機感光体について記
載されている。 しかしこの感光体は、感度及び耐久性
において必ずしも満足できるものではない。 このよう
な欠点を改善するために、感光層において、電荷発生機
能と電荷輸送機能とを異なる物質に個別に分担させるこ
とにより、感度が高くて耐久性の大きい有機感光体を開
発する試みがなされている。 このようないわば機能分
離型の電子写真感光体においては、各機能を発揮する物
質を広い範囲のものから選択することができるので、任
意の特性を有する電子写真感光体を比較的疼局に作製す
ることが可能である。For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10496 describes an organic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing poly-N-vinylcarbazole and 2,4,7-)dinitro-9-fluorenone. However, this photoreceptor is not necessarily satisfactory in sensitivity and durability. In order to improve these drawbacks, attempts have been made to develop organic photoreceptors with high sensitivity and durability by assigning the charge generation function and charge transport function to different substances in the photosensitive layer. ing. In such so-called function-separated type electrophotographic photoreceptors, it is possible to select substances that exhibit each function from a wide range of materials, so it is possible to fabricate electrophotographic photoreceptors with arbitrary characteristics in a relatively pain-free manner. It is possible to do so.
電荷輸送物質として低分子量の有機化合物を用い、任意
の電荷を発生する物質と高分子バインダーとを併用する
ことにより、すぐれた電子写真特性と被膜強度とを有す
る電子写真感光体を得るための努力がなされている。Efforts to obtain an electrophotographic photoreceptor with excellent electrophotographic properties and film strength by using a low-molecular-weight organic compound as a charge-transporting substance and using an arbitrary charge-generating substance and a polymer binder. is being done.
上記高分子バインダーとしては、帯電特性、繰り返し特
性等の面でポリカーボネートが優れている。As the polymer binder, polycarbonate is excellent in terms of charging characteristics, repeatability, and the like.
例えば下記構造単位のポリカーボネートが挙げられる。Examples include polycarbonates having the following structural units.
このポリカーボネートは、ビスフェノールＡの中心炭素
原子に２つのメチル基が対称的に結合した構造を有して
いる。 しかし、検討の結果、上記ポリカーボネートに
は次の欠点が存在することが判明している。This polycarbonate has a structure in which two methyl groups are symmetrically bonded to the central carbon atom of bisphenol A. However, as a result of studies, it has been found that the above polycarbonate has the following drawbacks.
（１）、機械的強度、特に耐傷性、耐摩耗性が不充分で
、有機感光体の高耐久化が困難である。(1) Mechanical strength, particularly scratch resistance and abrasion resistance, is insufficient, making it difficult to make the organic photoreceptor highly durable.
（２）、キャリア輸送物質（ＣＴＭ）との相溶性が悪く
、ＣＴＭの結晶析出を生じ易く、このため塗膜にクラン
クが入りひび割れることがある。(2) It has poor compatibility with carrier transport materials (CTM) and tends to cause CTM crystal precipitation, which may cause the coating film to crack and crack.
（３）、例えばデイツプ塗布法において上記ポリカーボ
ネートを高濃度で使用した場合、ポリカーボネートの結
晶化によって塗布液がゲル化し易く、塗布液寿命が短い
。(3) For example, when the above-mentioned polycarbonate is used at a high concentration in a dip coating method, the coating solution tends to gel due to crystallization of the polycarbonate, and the life of the coating solution is short.
（４）、塗膜形成時に膜表面にゲル状物質が凸部を形成
し、このために塗膜の尾引きが生じて収率が低下したり
、或いは感光体としての使用時に表面の凸部にトナーが
付着してクリーニングされずに残り、いわゆるトナーフ
ィルミングによる画像欠陥が生じ易い。(4) During coating film formation, gel-like substances form convex portions on the film surface, which causes trailing of the coating film and reduces yield, or when used as a photoreceptor, convex portions on the surface of the film may form. Toner adheres to the surface and remains without being cleaned, which tends to cause image defects due to so-called toner filming.
なお、上記ポリカーボネートが結晶化し易い原因は、上
記ポリカーボネートにおいて、中心炭素原子に結合して
いる基が最も低級のメチル基からなっており、これが高
度の分子鎖配列を生ぜしめるからであると考えられる。The reason why the above-mentioned polycarbonate tends to crystallize is thought to be that in the above-mentioned polycarbonate, the group bonded to the central carbon atom consists of the lowest methyl group, which causes a high degree of molecular chain alignment. .
かかる結晶化し易いポリカーボネートの問題点を解決す
べく、特開昭６０−１７２０４４号公報、特開昭６０−
１７２０４５号公報において、非結晶性のポリカーボネ
ートを感光層に用いることが提案されている。In order to solve the problem of polycarbonate that tends to crystallize, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 172044/1982 and 1983-
In Japanese Patent No. 172045, it is proposed to use amorphous polycarbonate for the photosensitive layer.
この非結晶性のポリカーボネートによれば、上述の問題
点を解決でき、機械的強度、耐傷性、耐摩耗性に優れた
感光体を提供しうる。This amorphous polycarbonate can solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a photoreceptor with excellent mechanical strength, scratch resistance, and abrasion resistance.
ところが、本発明者が検討を重ねた結果、上記の非結晶
性のポリカーボネートを用いた感光体は、繰り返し使用
時の電気的特性に劣り、繰り返し使用によって残留電位
が上昇することが判明した。However, as a result of repeated studies by the present inventors, it has been found that the photoreceptor using the above-mentioned amorphous polycarbonate has poor electrical characteristics upon repeated use, and its residual potential increases with repeated use.
以上述べたように、製膜性、機械的強度、耐傷性、耐摩
耗性に優れ、かつ繰り返し使用時の電気的特性の良好な
電子写真感光体の提供は困難であ７す、かかる要求を共
に満足しうる感光体の出現が要望されている。As mentioned above, it is difficult to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that has excellent film formability, mechanical strength, scratch resistance, and abrasion resistance, and has good electrical properties during repeated use. There is a demand for a photoreceptor that can satisfy both conditions.
ハ１発明の目的
本発明の目的は、製膜性、機械的強度、耐傷性、耐摩耗
性に優れ、かつ繰り返し使用時の電気的特性の良好な感
光体を提供することである。C.1 Objective of the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide a photoreceptor that is excellent in film formability, mechanical strength, scratch resistance, and abrasion resistance, and has good electrical characteristics during repeated use.
二１発明の構成及びその作用効果
本発明は、感光層を設けた面側の表面領域に下記−形式
（１）で表わされる構造単位及び／又は下記一般式（ｎ
）で表わされる構造単位を主要繰り返し単位として有す
るポリカーボネートが含有され、かつヒンダードアミン
構造単位とヒンダーる感光体。21 Structure of the invention and its effects The present invention provides a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and/or the following general formula
) A photoreceptor containing a polycarbonate having a structural unit represented by the following as a main repeating unit and hindered with a hindered amine structural unit.
一般式〔■〕 ：
（但、この−数式中、
Ｒ１、Ｒ２、水素原子、置換若しくは未置換の脂肪族基
、置換若しくは未置換の
炭素環基、又は置換若しくは装置
換の芳香族基であって、Ｒ１及び
Ｒ２の少なくとも一方がかさ高い
基、
Ｒ３、Ｒ４、Ｒ５，Ｒ６、Ｒ７、Ｒ８、Ｒ９、Ｒ１０：
水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換若しくは未置換の脂肪族
基又は置換
若しくは未置換の炭素環基
である。）
一般式〔■〕 ：
（但、この−数式中、
Ｒｆｆ、Ｒ４、Ｒ５、Ｒ＆、Ｒ？、Ｒ８、Ｒ９、ＲＩｏ
：前記したものと同じ、
Ｚ：置換若しくは未置換の炭素環又は
置換若しくは未置換の複素環を形
成するのに必要な原子群
である。）
上記において、「感光層を設けた面側の表面領域」とは
感光体の表面側の領域（導電性基体の反対側）を意味し
、例えば電荷発生層、電荷輸送層、表面（保護）層、表
面改質層等の感光体表面側に設けられた層の他、明確に
層をなしていない場合、例えば電荷輸送層の表面領域に
「ヒンダードアミン構造単位とヒンダードフェノール構
造単位とを分子内に存する化合物」を拡散、添加せしめ
たような場合をも含む趣旨である。General formula [■]: (However, in this formula, R1, R2 are hydrogen atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic groups, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic groups, or substituted or device-substituted aromatic groups. and at least one of R1 and R2 is a bulky group, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10:
A hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic group. ) General formula [■]: (However, in this formula, Rff, R4, R5, R&, R?, R8, R9, RIo
: Same as above. Z: An atomic group necessary to form a substituted or unsubstituted carbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle. ) In the above, the "surface area on the side provided with the photosensitive layer" means the area on the surface side of the photoreceptor (opposite side of the conductive substrate), such as the charge generation layer, charge transport layer, surface (protection) In addition to layers provided on the surface side of the photoreceptor such as layer, surface modification layer, etc., if there is no clear layer, for example, if the surface area of the charge transport layer is This is intended to include cases where "compounds existing within the plant are diffused or added.
本発明において、感光層を設けた面側の表面領域に上記
−形式ＣＩ）、（Ｉ［）で表わされる構造単位を主要繰
り返し単位として有するポリカーボネートを含有せしめ
た点が重要である。In the present invention, it is important that the surface region on the side on which the photosensitive layer is provided contains polycarbonate having structural units represented by the above-mentioned forms CI) and (I[) as main repeating units.
即ち、これらのポリカーボネートは機械的強度、耐傷性
、耐摩耗７１咥、耐剛性に優れ、帯電性能も良好である
。 特に、表面が硬く、かつ適度の滑り性をもつという
特徴を有しており、透明性、絶縁性が良好であり、ＣＴ
Ｍとの相溶性にも優れている。 また、上記ポリカーボ
ネートのビスフェノールＡ部分の中心炭素原子には、少
なくとも一方がかさ高いくバルキーな）Ｒ’ 、Ｒ”が
結合しているか、或いは上記Ｚによる環が形成されてい
るので、これらのＲ１及び／又はＲ２或いはＺによって
ポリカーボネートの分子鎖が特定方向に配列することが
効果的に阻止される。 このため、感光層の形成時にポ
リカーボネートが結晶化して膜表面に析出することがな
く、異常な凸部による収率の低下、及びトナーフィルミ
ングによる画像欠陥等の如き特性劣化、塗布液の速やか
なゲル化等を防ぐことができる。 こうした顕著な効果
は、上記−形式（Ｉ）においてＲ１とＲ２が互いに異な
るか或いは非対称に結合していれば、更に充分に発揮さ
れる。 上記−形式（ｎ）では、上記Ｚによる環が上記
の顕著な効果に直接寄与している。That is, these polycarbonates have excellent mechanical strength, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance of 71 mm, rigidity resistance, and good charging performance. In particular, it has a hard surface and moderate slipperiness, and has good transparency and insulation properties.
It also has excellent compatibility with M. In addition, at least one of bulky R', R'' is bonded to the central carbon atom of the bisphenol A moiety of the polycarbonate, or a ring is formed by the Z, so that these R1 And/or R2 or Z effectively prevents the molecular chains of polycarbonate from arranging in a specific direction. Therefore, during the formation of the photosensitive layer, polycarbonate does not crystallize and precipitate on the film surface, preventing abnormalities. It is possible to prevent a decrease in yield due to convex portions, deterioration of characteristics such as image defects due to toner filming, rapid gelation of the coating liquid, etc. These remarkable effects can be achieved by using R1 and R1 in the above-mentioned type (I). If R2 are different from each other or bonded asymmetrically, the effect is even more fully exhibited.In the above-mentioned form (n), the ring formed by the above Z directly contributes to the above remarkable effect.
更に、本発明においては、「ヒンダードアミン構造単位
とヒンダードフェノール構造単位とを分子内に有する化
合物」 （以下、ヒンダードアミン−ヒンダードフェノ
ール系化合物と呼ぶこともある。）が感光層を設けた面
側の表面領域に含有せしめられている点が重要である。Furthermore, in the present invention, "a compound having a hindered amine structural unit and a hindered phenol structural unit in the molecule" (hereinafter also referred to as a hindered amine-hindered phenol compound) is applied to the surface side on which the photosensitive layer is provided. It is important that it is contained in the surface area.
即ち、上記−形式（１）、（ＩＩ）で表わされる構造単
位を主要繰り返し単位として有するポリカーボネートと
ヒンダードアミン−ヒンダードフェノール系化合物との
併用により、上記した一般式（１）、’（ｎ）で表わさ
れるポリカーボネートを感光体の表面領域に含有せしめ
たことによる前述の作用効果をあますところなく充分に
享受しつつ、なおかつ上記ポリカーボネートの欠点であ
った繰り返し使用時の電気的特性の悪化を防止できたの
である。That is, by using a polycarbonate having a structural unit represented by the above-mentioned formula (1) or (II) as a main repeating unit and a hindered amine-hindered phenol compound, a compound having the above-mentioned general formula (1) or '(n) can be obtained. By incorporating the polycarbonate shown above into the surface area of the photoreceptor, it is possible to fully enjoy the above-mentioned effects and prevent the deterioration of electrical characteristics during repeated use, which was a drawback of the polycarbonate described above. It was.
即ち、かかる構成の採用により、繰り返し使用時の電気
的特性が飛躍的に向上し、残留電位上昇、受容電位低下
、感度劣化を防止できたのである。That is, by adopting such a configuration, the electrical characteristics during repeated use were dramatically improved, and it was possible to prevent increases in residual potential, decreases in acceptance potential, and deterioration in sensitivity.
以上述べたように、上記−形式（１）、（ＩＩ）で表わ
される構造単位を主要繰り返し単位として有するポリカ
ーボネートと、ヒンダードアミン−ヒンダードフェノー
ル系化合物との併用により、製膜性、機械的、耐傷性、
耐摩耗性に優れ、かつ繰り返し使用時の帯電性能、残留
電位特性に優れた感光体を提供でき、全体として感光体
の耐久性を飛躍的に向上せしめることができるのである
。As mentioned above, the combination of polycarbonate having structural units represented by the above-mentioned formats (1) and (II) as main repeating units and a hindered amine-hindered phenol compound improves film formability, mechanical properties, and scratch resistance. sex,
It is possible to provide a photoreceptor with excellent abrasion resistance and excellent charging performance and residual potential characteristics during repeated use, and the overall durability of the photoreceptor can be dramatically improved.
ヒンダードアミン構造単位とヒンダードフェノール構造
単位とを分子内に有する化合物が上記のような作用効果
を奏する理由は、−心火のようなものと考えられる。
即ち、ヒンダードアミン構造単位とヒンダードフェノー
ル構造単位とを分子内に有する化合物は、オゾン雰囲気
、紫外線被曝下及び／または高温環境等の環境下におい
て化学的に安定である。 特に帯電時に発生するオゾン
その他の活性物質による帯電能の低下、暗電導度の増大
等の現象に対して著しい改善効果を示す。The reason why a compound having a hindered amine structural unit and a hindered phenol structural unit in its molecule exhibits the above effects is considered to be like a core fire.
That is, a compound having a hindered amine structural unit and a hindered phenol structural unit in its molecule is chemically stable in an environment such as an ozone atmosphere, exposure to ultraviolet light, and/or a high temperature environment. In particular, it exhibits a remarkable improvement effect on phenomena such as a decrease in charging ability and an increase in dark conductivity due to ozone and other active substances generated during charging.
更に、帯電電位の向上及び暗減衰の減少の効果が得られ
、このため環境中のオゾン濃度の高低にかかわりなく、
初期特性が優れ、繰り返し使用による疲労、劣化が極め
て少なく、受容電位低下、感度劣化又は残留電位上昇等
の著しくｉ減された優子団の作る立体的障害によってア
ミノ窒素原子、フェノール性水酸基の熱振動を抑制した
り外部活性物質の影響を阻止するためと思われる。Furthermore, the effects of improving the charging potential and reducing dark decay are obtained, so regardless of the high or low ozone concentration in the environment,
Excellent initial properties, extremely little fatigue and deterioration due to repeated use, and significantly reduced i, such as decreased acceptance potential, decreased sensitivity, or increased residual potential.Steric hindrance created by the euclase group prevents thermal vibrations of amino nitrogen atoms and phenolic hydroxyl groups. This is thought to be to suppress the effects of external active substances and to prevent the effects of external active substances.
また、−分子中に上記両構造単位を併有する化合物を用
いた場合には、通常のアミンと異なり、含有量の増大に
伴う感度の低下傾向が極めて小さいので、高感度特性を
維持しながら耐オゾン性に対する顕著な効果を示す造を
有する化合物の多量添加が可能となり、これによる効果
（例えば繰り返し使用時の帯電電位の低下を防止すると
同時に、残留電位の上昇を防止して感度劣化を起こさな
い等）を十二分に享受しうると考えられる。Furthermore, when a compound having both of the above structural units in the molecule is used, unlike ordinary amines, there is a very small tendency for the sensitivity to decrease as the content increases, so it is possible to maintain high sensitivity while maintaining high sensitivity. It is now possible to add a large amount of a compound that has a structure that exhibits a remarkable effect on ozone properties, and the resulting effects (for example, preventing a decrease in charging potential during repeated use, as well as preventing an increase in residual potential and preventing sensitivity deterioration) etc.).
上記−形式（１）及び／又は（ＩＩ）で表わされる構造
単位を主要繰り返し単位として有するポリカーボネート
について更に述べる。A polycarbonate having a structural unit represented by the above-mentioned format (1) and/or (II) as a main repeating unit will be further described.
まず、−形式（Ｉ）、（ＩＩ）で表わされる・構造単位
について述べる。First, the structural units represented by the -forms (I) and (II) will be described.
一般式（１）で表わされる構造単位においては、Ｒ１，
Ｒ１の少なくとも一方がかさ高い基であることが必須不
可欠であるが、こうしたかさ高い基は炭素原子数が３以
上であることが望ましく、分子鎖配列を妨げる如き立体
障害作用をなすものである。 このようなかさ高い基と
しては、次のものが例示される。In the structural unit represented by general formula (1), R1,
It is essential that at least one of R1 is a bulky group, but such a bulky group desirably has 3 or more carbon atoms and acts as a steric hindrance that hinders the molecular chain arrangement. Examples of such bulky groups include the following.
（１）、
（但、Ｒ”は水素原子、メチル基等のアルキル基＋ＣＨ
Ｚ）Ｉｌｌ ＣＯＯＲ（Ｒはアルキル基、ｍ≧１で表わ
されるアルキルエステル基）（３） 、−ＣｍＨｚ、、
、で表わされるアルキル基（但、ｍ≧４）
（４） 、−（−ＣＨ２）、Ｃ０ＯＲ”で表わされるア
ルキルエステル基
（但、ＲＩ Ｚはアルキル基、ｍ≧２）また、Ｒ１、Ｒ
２の一方がかさ高い基である場合、他方は水素原子、メ
チル基等のアルキル基であってよい。(1), (However, R'' is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group such as a methyl group + CH
Z) Ill COOR (R is an alkyl group, an alkyl ester group represented by m≧1) (3) , -CmHz,,
an alkyl group represented by (however, m≧4) (4) , -(-CH2), an alkyl ester group represented by C0OR (however, RIZ is an alkyl group, m≧2), and R1, R
When one of 2 is a bulky group, the other may be a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group such as a methyl group.
次に上記−形式（Ｉ）、（ｎ）におけるＲ３〜Ｒ”の基
は、水素原子をはじめ、Ｃβ、Ｂｒ、Ｆ等のハロゲン原
子、メチル基等のアルキル基、シクロヘキシル基等の炭
素環基であってよい。Next, the groups R3 to R'' in the above formulas (I) and (n) include hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms such as Cβ, Br, and F, alkyl groups such as methyl groups, and carbocyclic groups such as cyclohexyl groups. It may be.
また、上記一般式〔ＩＩ〕の構造単位においては、上記
Ｚは５員又は６員の炭素環又は複素環を形成するもので
あってよく、こうした環としてはシクロヘキシル環、シ
クロペンチル環等が挙げられ、環の一部にアセチル基、
アセチルアミノ基等の置換基が導入されていてよい。Furthermore, in the structural unit of general formula [II] above, Z may form a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, and examples of such a ring include a cyclohexyl ring, a cyclopentyl ring, etc. , acetyl group in part of the ring,
A substituent such as an acetylamino group may be introduced.
一形式ＣＩ）、（ＩＩ）で表わされる構造単位としては
具体的には次のものが挙げられる。Specific examples of the structural unit represented by one form CI) or (II) include the following.
（Ｉ−１）
（Ｉ−３）
（Ｔ−５）
ＣＨｉ ＣＨＣＨｚ
（Ｉ−８＞
Ｈｆｆ
（Ｉ−１１）
Ｎ−１４）
（ｎ−２）
（ＩＩ−３）
（■−４）
（ＩＩ−７）
ＣＯＣＨ２
本発明のポリカーボネートは、上記−形式（１）で表わ
される構造単位及び／又は一般式〔ＩＩ〕で表わされる
構造単位を主要繰り返し単位として有するものである。(I-1) (I-3) (T-5) CHi CHCHz (I-8> Hff (I-11) N-14) (n-2) (II-3) (■-4) (II- 7) COCH2 The polycarbonate of the present invention has a structural unit represented by the above-mentioned format (1) and/or a structural unit represented by general formula [II] as a main repeating unit.
従って、−形式（１）、（Ｉｆ）で表わされる種々の
構造単位のうち、一種類のみからなるものでも良く （
例えば（１−２）のみからなるもの）多種類を共縮合さ
せたものでもよい。Therefore, it may be composed of only one type of the various structural units represented by -forms (1) and (If) (
For example, one consisting of (1-2) only) may be one in which many types are co-condensed.
また、必要に応じて物理的、化学的、電気的特性の改良
を目的として前記−形式（１）、（Ｉ［）でで表わされ
る繰り返し単位とは異なるその他の繰り返し単位を少量
含有せしめた共縮合型のポリカーボネートも、本発明の
作用効果を損なわない限り、本発明のポリカーボネート
に包含される。In addition, if necessary, for the purpose of improving physical, chemical, and electrical properties, a monomer may contain a small amount of other repeating units different from the repeating units represented by the above-mentioned formats (1) and (I[). Condensed polycarbonates are also included in the polycarbonate of the present invention, as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention.
例えば、具体的に例示すると、４．４′−ジヒドロキシ
フェニル−１，１−シクロヘキサンに少量のビスフェノ
ールＡを混合した材料を用いて共縮合させたポリカーボ
ネートや、４．４′−ジヒドロキシフェニル−１，１−
シクロヘキサンとテレフタル酸やイソフタル酸等の芳香
族ジカルボン酸との重縮合物等が挙げられる。For example, specific examples include polycarbonate co-condensed using a material containing 4,4'-dihydroxyphenyl-1,1-cyclohexane mixed with a small amount of bisphenol A, and 4,4'-dihydroxyphenyl-1,1, 1-
Examples include polycondensates of cyclohexane and aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid.
なお、上記ポリカーボネートにおいて、繰り返し数ｎは
１０〜５０００がこのましく、５０〜１０００が更に好
ましい。In addition, in the above-mentioned polycarbonate, the number of repeats n is preferably 10 to 5,000, more preferably 50 to 1,000.
更には、上記ポリカーボネートのうち、下記−形式（Ｉ
ａ ）、（ＩＩａ）で表わされるポリカーボネートが例
示される。Furthermore, among the above polycarbonates, the following type (I
Polycarbonates represented by a) and (IIa) are exemplified.
一般式（Ｉａ）：
（但、この−数式中、
ＲＩ 、、Ｒ２、Ｒ３、Ｒ４、Ｒ５、Ｒｂ １ Ｒ）
、Ｒ１１、Ｒ９、ＲＩＧ 、前記したものと同じ、ｎ：
１０〜５０００ ＜好ましくは５０〜１０００ ＞ ）
一般式（ＩＩａ）：
（但、この−数式中、
Ｒ３、Ｒ４、Ｒ５、Ｒ６、Ｒ７、Ｒ８、Ｒ９、ＲＩＧ、
Ｚ、、ｎ：前記したものと同じである。）
本発明のポリカーボネートにおいて、一般式〔ＩＩ〕で
表わされる構造単位を有するものが前記した本発明の作
用効果をより顕著に奏しうる点で好ましい。 また、特
に（ＩＩ−２）、（ＩＩ−４）、（ｎ−９）のようにビ
スフェノールＡ炭素原子にシクロヘキサン環が結合して
いるものが良好であり、（ＩＩ−２）で表わされる構造
単位が特に良い。General formula (Ia): (However, in this formula, RI,, R2, R3, R4, R5, Rb 1 R)
, R11, R9, RIG, same as above, n:
10-5000 <preferably 50-1000>) General formula (IIa): (However, in this formula, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, RIG,
Z,, n: Same as above. ) Among the polycarbonates of the present invention, those having a structural unit represented by the general formula [II] are preferred in that they can more significantly exhibit the effects of the present invention described above. In addition, those in which a cyclohexane ring is bonded to the bisphenol A carbon atom, such as (II-2), (II-4), and (n-9), are particularly good, and the structure represented by (II-2) The units are particularly good.
次にヒンダードアミン構造単位とヒンダードフェノール
構造単位とを分子内に有する化合物について更に述べる
。Next, compounds having a hindered amine structural unit and a hindered phenol structural unit in the molecule will be further described.
本発明におけるヒンダードアミン構造単位とは、アミノ
窒素原子近傍に嵩高の原子団が存在することで特徴づけ
られる構造単位であり、芳香族アミン系、脂肪族アミン
系共にこの範ちゅうに入る。The hindered amine structural unit in the present invention is a structural unit characterized by the presence of a bulky atomic group near the amino nitrogen atom, and both aromatic amine type and aliphatic amine type fall into this category.
特に脂肪族アミン系に於て本発明の目的に叶う顕著な効
果を与える。Particularly in aliphatic amine systems, remarkable effects are achieved that meet the objectives of the present invention.
「ヒンダードフェノール構造単位」とは、フェノール性
水酸基のオルト位に嵩高の原子団が存在することで特徴
づけられるフェノール系構造単位である。A "hindered phenol structural unit" is a phenolic structural unit characterized by the presence of a bulky atomic group at the ortho position of a phenolic hydroxyl group.
嵩高の原子団として一般に分枝状アルキル基が好都合で
ある。Branched alkyl groups are generally preferred as bulky groups.
次に「ヒンダードアミン構造単位とヒンダードフェノー
ル構造単位とを分子内に有する化合物」を例示するが、
むろん例示のものに限られるわけではない。Next, examples of "compounds having a hindered amine structural unit and a hindered phenol structural unit in the molecule" are given.
Of course, the examples are not limited to those illustrated.
かかる化合物としては、下記−形式（ｎｌａ ）で表わ
されるヒンダードアミン構造単位と下記−形式（ＩＩｂ
）で表わされるヒンダードフェノール構造単位との少
なくとも一方を分子内に有するものがより好ましく、−
形式（［ａ ）、ＣＩ［Ｉｂ ）で表わされる構造単位
の双方を分子内に有するものが特に好ましい。Such compounds include a hindered amine structural unit represented by the following format (nla) and a hindered amine structural unit represented by the following format (IIb).
) is more preferable, having at least one of the hindered phenol structural units represented by -
Particularly preferred are those having both structural units represented by the formats ([a) and CI[Ib] in the molecule.
一般式（［［ａ ］ 一般般式ＩＩＩｂ ）Ｒ
ｌ Ｓ Ｒｌ ｂ Ｒ”式中、
Ｒ１３、Ｒ１４、Ｒ”及びＲＩ６は水素原子またはアル
キル基、アリール基を表し、Ｚは含窒素脂環を構成する
に必要な原子団を表す。 またＲ”、ＲＩ４の組及びＲ
ＩＳ、Ｒ１６の組の夫々の組に於いてその１つはＺの中
に組込まれて二重結合を与えてもよい。General formula ([[a] General formula IIIb) R
l S Rl b R” in the formula,
R13, R14, R'' and RI6 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, and Z represents an atomic group necessary to constitute a nitrogen-containing alicyclic ring.
In each of the IS, R16 pairs, one may be incorporated into Z to provide a double bond.
更に、Ｒ１’７は分枝状アルキル基、Ｒ”％ Ｒ１９及
びＲＺＯは水素原子またはヒドロキシ基、アルキル基、
了り−ル基を表し、ＲＩ９及びＲ２ｏは相互に連結して
環を形成してもよい。 Ｒ２１は水素原子、アルキル基
またはアルキリデン基を表す。Furthermore, R1'7 is a branched alkyl group, R19 and RZO are a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy group, an alkyl group,
It represents an aryl group, and RI9 and R2o may be connected to each other to form a ring. R21 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkylidene group.
前記ＲＩ２、ＲＩ４、ＲＩＳ及びＲＩ６は好ましくは炭
素数１〜４０個のアルキル基であって、該アルキル基は
置換基を有してもよく置換基としては、例えばアリール
、アルコキシ、酸、アミド、ハロゲン等任意のものが挙
げられる。The RI2, RI4, RIS and RI6 are preferably alkyl groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and the alkyl groups may have a substituent, such as aryl, alkoxy, acid, amide, Any one can be mentioned such as halogen.
Ｚは含窒素脂環を構成するに必要な原子団であり、好ま
しくは５員環、６員環を構成する原子団である。Z is an atomic group necessary to constitute a nitrogen-containing alicyclic ring, preferably an atomic group constituting a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring.
好ましい環構造としては、ピペリジン、ピペラジン、モ
ルホリン、ピロリジン、イミダゾリジン、オキサゾリジ
ン、チアゾリジン、セレナゾリジン、ピロリン、イミダ
シリン、イソインドリン、テトラヒドロイソキノリン、
テトラヒドロピリジン、ジヒドロピリジン、ジヒドロイ
ソキノリン、オキサゾリン、チアゾリン、セレナゾリン
、ピロール等の各環が挙げられ、特に好ましくはピペリ
ジン、ピペラジン、モルホリン及びピロリジンの各環で
ある。Preferred ring structures include piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, imidazolidine, oxazolidine, thiazolidine, selenazolidine, pyrroline, imidacilline, isoindoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline,
Examples include rings such as tetrahydropyridine, dihydropyridine, dihydroisoquinoline, oxazoline, thiazoline, selenazoline, and pyrrole, with piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, and pyrrolidine rings being particularly preferred.
前記Ｒ１１は炭素数３〜４０のｔｅｒｔ−もしくは５ｅ
ｃ−アルキル基が好ましい。The above R11 is tert- or 5e having 3 to 40 carbon atoms.
A c-alkyl group is preferred.
Ｒ”％ Ｒ”及びＲ２０はアルキル基としては、炭素数
１〜４０のものが好ましく、アリール基としてはフェニ
ル、ナフチル、ピリジル基等が挙げられる。R"% R" and R20 are preferably alkyl groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, and pyridyl groups.
またＲ１９とＲ２°が環となる場合にはクロマン環が好
ましい。Further, when R19 and R2° form a ring, a chroman ring is preferred.
Ｒ２＋の表すアルキル基、アルキリデン基としては、炭
素数１〜４０のものが好ましく、特嶋好ましいのは、炭
素数１〜１８のものである。The alkyl group or alkylidene group represented by R2+ preferably has 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and preferably has 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
次に、本発明において好ましく用いられるヒンダードア
ミン−ヒンダードフェノール系化合物の代表的具体例を
以下に示すが、むろんこれらに限定されるものではない
。Next, typical examples of hindered amine-hindered phenol compounds preferably used in the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
例示化合物群ニ −ｔ ＋１１−３ ｆｌ−６ ト７ 。Exemplary compound group 2 -t +11-3 fl-6 G7.
■−８
＋１１−９
しｎ３
■−１０
■
ＣＨ！
１ｌ−１１
■−１２
■−１３
［［−１６
旧し
これらの化合物は光安定剤として知られており、容易に
合成、入手が可能である。■-8 +11-9 n3 ■-10 ■ CH! 1l-11 ■-12 ■-13 [[-16 These compounds have long been known as light stabilizers and are easily synthesized and available.
例えば−形式（Ｉ［Ｉａ ）、（ＩＩＩｂ ）で表わさ
れるような化合物は、例えばチヌビン−１４４、インガ
パーム−１９９４、サノールＬ Ｓ −２６２６（三共
社）等、市販品を入手できる他、特開昭５９−１３３５
４３号に記載の方法を参考にして合成することができる
。For example, compounds represented by the formulas (I[Ia) and (IIIb) are commercially available, such as Tinuvin-144, Ingapalm-1994, Sanol LS-2626 (Sankyosha), as well as JP-A Showa 59-1335
It can be synthesized by referring to the method described in No. 43.
本発明の感光体は例えば第１図に示すように支持体１
（導電性支持体、またはシート上に導電層を設けたもの
）上に、電荷発生物質（ＣＧＭ）と必要に応じてバイン
ダ樹脂を含有する電荷発生層２ （以下、ＣＧＬという
ことがある）を下層とし、電荷輸送物＠ （ＣＴＭ）と
必要に応じてバインダ樹脂を含有する電荷輸送層３ （
以下、ＣＴＬということがある）を上層とする積層構成
の感光層４Ａを設けたもの、第２図に示すように支持体
１上にＣＴＬ３を下層とし、ＣＧＬ２を上層とする積層
構成の感光層４Ｂを設けたもの、第３図に示すように支
持体ｌ上にＣＧＭ、ＣＴＭ及び必要に応じてバインダ樹
脂を含有する単層構成の感光層４Ｄを設けたもの、第４
図に示すように積層構成の感光層４Ｂ（第２図参照）の
上に保護層５を設けたもの、等が挙げられる。The photoreceptor of the present invention has a support 1 as shown in FIG.
A charge generating layer 2 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as CGL) containing a charge generating substance (CGM) and a binder resin as necessary is placed on a conductive support (or a sheet with a conductive layer provided thereon). A charge transport layer 3 (lower layer) containing a charge transport material (CTM) and a binder resin as necessary (
A photosensitive layer 4A having a laminated structure with a CTL (hereinafter sometimes referred to as CTL) as an upper layer, and a photosensitive layer with a laminated structure with a CTL3 as a lower layer and a CGL2 as an upper layer on a support 1 as shown in FIG. 4B, as shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, one in which a protective layer 5 is provided on a photosensitive layer 4B (see FIG. 2) having a laminated structure can be mentioned.
また、ＣＧＬにＣＧＭとＣＴＭの両方が含有されてもよ
く、感光層４Ａ、４Ｄの上に保護層（ＯＣＬ）を設けて
もよ（、支持体と感光層の間に中間層、下びき層を設け
てもよい。Further, CGL may contain both CGM and CTM, and a protective layer (OCL) may be provided on the photosensitive layers 4A and 4D (such as an intermediate layer and a subbing layer between the support and the photosensitive layer). may be provided.
本発明において、下記−形式〔■〕、（ＩＦ）で表わさ
れる構造単位を主要繰り返し単位として有するポリカー
ボネート及びヒンダードアミン−ヒンダードフェノール
系化合物は、第２図のＣＧＬ２、第１図のＣＴＬ３、第
３図の単層構成の感光層４Ｄ、第５図の保護層（ＯＣＬ
）５等に含有せしめられる。 なお、上記ポリカーボネ
ート、ヒンダードフェノール系化合物は、共に、第１図
のＣＧＬ２、第２図のＣＴＬ３、第４図の感光層４Ｂ等
、感光体の表面領域以外の領域にも含有せしめてもよく
、更に同一の感光体において複数層に含有せしめてもよ
い。In the present invention, polycarbonate and hindered amine-hindered phenol compounds having structural units represented by the following formats [■] and (IF) as main repeating units are CGL2 in Figure 2, CTL3 in Figure 1, and CTL3 in Figure 1. The photosensitive layer 4D has a single-layer structure in the figure, and the protective layer (OCL) in FIG.
) 5 etc. Note that both the polycarbonate and the hindered phenol compound may be contained in areas other than the surface area of the photoreceptor, such as CGL2 in FIG. 1, CTL3 in FIG. 2, and photosensitive layer 4B in FIG. 4. Furthermore, they may be contained in multiple layers in the same photoreceptor.
また、第２図、第４図に例示したような、ＣＧＬを上層
としてＣＴＬを下層とする積層構造の感光体に本発明を
通用した場合には、本発明の効果が特に顕著に発揮され
うる。 こうした感光体は、表面側の層の層厚が小さい
ことから、従来特に耐剛性、耐摩耗性、耐傷性等が問題
となっており、前述したような本発明のポリカーボネー
トの採用による耐久性向上の効果はより顕著なものと考
えられるからである。Further, when the present invention is applied to a photoreceptor having a laminated structure in which CGL is an upper layer and CTL is a lower layer, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4, the effects of the present invention can be particularly markedly exhibited. . Since the thickness of the surface layer of such photoreceptors is small, conventionally there have been problems in terms of rigidity resistance, abrasion resistance, scratch resistance, etc., and the use of the polycarbonate of the present invention as described above has improved durability. This is because the effect is considered to be more significant.
本発明のヒンダードアミン−ヒンダードフェノール系化
合物の添加量は、感光体の層構成、ＣＴＭの種類などに
よって一定ではないが、一応下記の範囲が好ましい。The amount of the hindered amine-hindered phenol compound of the present invention to be added is not constant depending on the layer structure of the photoreceptor, the type of CTM, etc., but the following range is preferable.
電荷発生層に入れる場合は、本発明のポリカーボネー目
００重量部に対し０．０１〜５０重量部が好ましく、０
．１〜１０重量部とするのがより好ましい。When added to the charge generation layer, it is preferably 0.01 to 50 parts by weight based on 00 parts by weight of the polycarbonate of the present invention;
．． More preferably, the amount is 1 to 10 parts by weight.
電荷輸送層に入れる場合は本発明のポリカーボネート１
００重量部に対し０．０１〜５０重量部が好ましく、０
．１〜１０重量部とするのがより好ましい。When included in the charge transport layer, polycarbonate 1 of the present invention
0.01 to 50 parts by weight is preferable, and
．． More preferably, the amount is 1 to 10 parts by weight.
更に表面（保護）層、単層構成の感光層に入れる場合も
上記と同じ添加量とするのが好ましい。Furthermore, when it is added to a surface (protective) layer or a photosensitive layer having a single layer structure, it is preferable to use the same amount added as above.
このように上記化合物の添加量を限定することが望まし
い。 即ち、その量が少なすぎると、繰り返し又は連続
使用時に残留電位が上昇し、画像にカブリの発生をきた
す場合がある。It is desirable to limit the amount of the above compound added in this way. That is, if the amount is too small, the residual potential increases during repeated or continuous use, which may cause fogging on images.
一方、量が多すぎると、感度の低下を引起し、カプリの
発生やコントラストの低下を生じる傾向がある。On the other hand, if the amount is too large, it tends to cause a decrease in sensitivity, the occurrence of capri, and a decrease in contrast.
次に本発明に適する電荷発生物質としては、可視光を吸
収してフリー電荷を発生するものであれば、無機顔料及
び有機色素の何れをも用いることができる。 無定形セ
レン、三方晶系セレン、セレン−砒素合金、セレン−テ
ルル合金、硫化カドミウム、セレン化カドミウム、硫セ
レン化カドミウム、硫化水銀、酸化鉛、硫化鉛等の無機
顔料の外、次の代表例で示されるような有機顔料を用い
てもよい。Next, as the charge generating substance suitable for the present invention, any of inorganic pigments and organic dyes can be used as long as it absorbs visible light and generates free charges. In addition to inorganic pigments such as amorphous selenium, trigonal selenium, selenium-arsenic alloy, selenium-tellurium alloy, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium selenide sulfide, mercury sulfide, lead oxide, lead sulfide, the following representative examples Organic pigments such as those shown may also be used.
（１）モノアゾ顔料、ポリアゾ顔料、金属錯塩アゾ顔料
、ピラゾロンアゾ顔料、スチルベンアゾ及びチアゾール
アゾ顔料等のアゾ系顔料。(1) Azo pigments such as monoazo pigments, polyazo pigments, metal complex azo pigments, pyrazolone azo pigments, stilbene azo and thiazole azo pigments.
（２）ペリレン酸無水物及びペリレン酸イミド等のペリ
レン系顔料。(2) Perylene pigments such as perylene anhydride and perylene imide.
（３）アントラキノン誘導体、アントアントロン誘導体
、ジベンズピレンキノン誘導体、ピラントロン誘導体、
ビオラントロン誘導体及びイソビオラントロン誘導体等
のアントラキノン系又は多環キノン系顔料。(3) anthraquinone derivatives, anthanthrone derivatives, dibenzpyrenequinone derivatives, pyrantrone derivatives,
Anthraquinone or polycyclic quinone pigments such as violanthrone derivatives and isoviolanthrone derivatives.
（４）インジゴ誘導体及びチオインジゴ誘導体等のイン
ジゴイド系顔料。(4) Indigoid pigments such as indigo derivatives and thioindigo derivatives.
（５）金属フタロシアニン及び無金属フタロシアニン等
のフタロシアニン系顔料。(5) Phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanine and metal-free phthalocyanine.
（６）ジフェニルメタン系顔料、トリフェニルメタン顔
料、キサンチン顔料及びアクリジン顔料等のカルボニウ
ム系顔料。(6) Carbonium pigments such as diphenylmethane pigments, triphenylmethane pigments, xanthine pigments, and acridine pigments.
（７）アジン顔料、オキサジン顔料及びチアジン顔料等
のキノンイミン系顔料。(7) Quinoneimine pigments such as azine pigments, oxazine pigments, and thiazine pigments.
（８）シアニン顔料及びアゾメチン顔料等のメチン系顔
料。(8) Methine pigments such as cyanine pigments and azomethine pigments.
（９）キノリン系顔料
（１０）ニトロ系顔料
（１１）ニトロソ系顔料
（１２）ベンゾキノン及びナフトキノン系顔料（１３）
ナフタルイミド系顔料
（１４）ビスベンズイミダゾール誘導体等のペリノン系
顔料
電子吸引性基を有する種々のアゾ顔料が、感度、メモリ
ー現象、残留電位等の電子写真特性の良好さから用いら
れるが耐オゾン性の点で多環キノン系顔料が最も好まし
い。(9) Quinoline pigments (10) Nitro pigments (11) Nitroso pigments (12) Benzoquinone and naphthoquinone pigments (13)
Naphthalimide pigments (14) Perinone pigments such as bisbenzimidazole derivatives Various azo pigments having electron-withdrawing groups are used because of their good electrophotographic properties such as sensitivity, memory phenomenon, and residual potential, but they are ozone resistant. From this point of view, polycyclic quinone pigments are most preferred.
詳細は不明であるが、おそらく多環キノン類はオゾンに
対して不活性であるためと思われる。Although the details are unknown, this is probably because polycyclic quinones are inert to ozone.
フタロシアニン系顔料としては、次のものが例示される
。Examples of phthalocyanine pigments include the following.
（ＩＶ−１）Ｘ型無金属フタロシアニン（ＩＶ−２）
τ型無金属フタロシアニン（■−３）クロロアルミニウ
ムフタロシアニン（ＩＶ−４）チタニルフタロシアニン
（ＩＶ−５）バナジルフタロシアニン
（ＴＶ−６） ε型銅フタロシアニン（ｒＶ−７）ク
ロロインジウムフタロシアニンフタロシアニン系顔料に
ついては、例えば特公昭４９−４３３８号公報に記載さ
れている。(IV-1) Type X metal-free phthalocyanine (IV-2)
τ-type metal-free phthalocyanine (■-3) Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (IV-4) Titanyl phthalocyanine (IV-5) Vanadyl phthalocyanine (TV-6) ε-type copper phthalocyanine (rV-7) Chlorindium phthalocyanine Regarding phthalocyanine pigments, For example, it is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-4338.
本発明に用いうるアゾ系顔料としては、例えば次の例示
化合物群（Ｖ）〜（ＩＸ）で示されるものがある。Examples of azo pigments that can be used in the present invention include those shown in the following exemplary compound groups (V) to (IX).
（以下余白、次頁に続く）
例示化合物群〔■〕 ：
例示化合物〔■〕 ：
（以下余白）
例示化合物群〔■〕 ：
（以下余白）
例示化合物群〔■〕 ：
例示化合物群〔■〕 ：
例示化合物群（ＩＸ）のものについては、特開昭５８−
１９４０３５号公報に記載されている。(Below the margin, continued on the next page) Exemplified compound group [■] : Exemplified compound [■] : (Below the margin) Exemplified compound group [■] : (Below the margin) Exemplified compound group [■] : Exemplified compound group [■] : Regarding the exemplified compound group (IX), JP-A-58-
It is described in Publication No. 194035.
また、以下の多環キノン顔料から成る例示化合物群（Ｘ
）〜（ｘｎ）はＣＧＭとして最も好ましく使用できる。In addition, the following exemplary compound group (X
) to (xn) can be most preferably used as CGM.
例示化合物群〔Ｘ〕 ：
例示化合物群０１）：
例示化合物群（ＸＩＩ） ：
次に、本発明で使用可能なＣＴＭとしては、特に制限は
ないが、例えばオキサゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール
誘導体、チアゾール誘導体、チアジアゾール誘導体、ト
リアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、イミダシロン
誘導体、イミダゾリジン誘導体、ビスイミダゾリジン誘
導体、スチリル化合物、ヒドラゾン化合物、ピラゾリン
誘導体、オキサシロン誘導体、ベンジチアゾール誘導体
、ベンズイミダゾール誘導体、キナゾリン誘導体、ベン
ゾフラン誘導体、アクリジン誘導体、フェナジン誘導体
、アミノスチルベン誘導体、ポリ−Ｎ−ビニルカルバゾ
ール、ポリ−１−ビニルピレン、ポリ−９−ビニルアン
トラセン等から選ばれた一種又は二種以上であってよい
。 電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とで互いに相異なる電荷輸
送物質を使用することもできる。Exemplary compound group [X]: Exemplary compound group 01): Exemplary compound group (XII): Next, CTMs that can be used in the present invention are not particularly limited, but include, for example, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, and thiazole derivatives. , thiadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, imidasilone derivatives, imidazolidine derivatives, bisimidazolidine derivatives, styryl compounds, hydrazone compounds, pyrazoline derivatives, oxacilone derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, quinazoline derivatives, benzofuran derivatives, acridine derivatives , phenazine derivatives, aminostilbene derivatives, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, poly-1-vinylpyrene, poly-9-vinylanthracene, and the like. It is also possible to use different charge transport materials in the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer.
しかしながら、光照射時発生するホールの支持体側への
輸送能力が優れている外、前記ＣＧＭとの組合せに好適
なものが好ましく用いられ、かかるＣＴＭとしては、例
えば下記−形式（Ｘ Ｉ［［）、（ＸＩＶ）で示される
化合物が挙げられる。However, in addition to having an excellent ability to transport holes generated during light irradiation to the support side, a CTM suitable for combination with the above-mentioned CGM is preferably used. , (XIV).
例示化合物群（ＸＩ［［） ：
また、ＣＴＭとして下記例示化合物群（ＸＶ）〜（ＸＩ
Ｘ）で示されるヒドラゾン化合物も使用可能である。Exemplary compound group (XI[[): In addition, the following exemplary compound groups (XV) to (XI
Hydrazone compounds represented by X) can also be used.
例示化合物群〔Ｘ■〕 ：
例示化合物群〔Ｘ■〕 ：
また、ＣＴＭとして下記例示化合物（Ｘ Ｘ）で示され
るピラゾリン化合物も使用可能である。Exemplary Compound Group [X■]: Exemplary Compound Group [X■]: Pyrazoline compounds represented by the following exemplary compound (XX) can also be used as CTM.
（以下余白）
例示化合物群（ＸＸ）：
また、ＣＴＭとして下記例示化合物群（ＸＸＩ）で示さ
れるアーミン誘導体も使用可能である。(The following is a blank space) Exemplary Compound Group (XX): Further, amine derivatives shown in the following Exemplary Compound Group (XXI) can also be used as CTMs.
例示化合物群（ＸＸＩ）：
（以下余白、次頁に続く）
本発明の感光体の感光層の層構成は前記のように積層構
成と単層構成とがあるが、ＣＴＬ、ＣＧＬ、単層感光層
またはＯＣＬのいずれか、もしくは複数層には感度の向
上、残留電位ないし反復使用時の疲労低減等を目的とし
て、１種または２種以上の電子受容性物質を含有せしめ
ることができる。Exemplary compound group (XXI): (The following is a blank space, continued on the next page) The layer structure of the photosensitive layer of the photoreceptor of the present invention includes a laminated structure and a single layer structure as described above. Either layer or OCL, or a plurality of layers may contain one or more electron-accepting substances for the purpose of improving sensitivity, reducing residual potential or fatigue during repeated use, etc.
本発明の感光体に使用可能な電子受容性物質としては、
例えば無水こはく酸、無水マレイン酸、ジブロム無水マ
レイン酸、無水フタル酸、テトラクロル無水フタル酸、
テトラブロム無水フタル酸、３−ニトロ無水フタル酸、
４−ニトロ無水フタル酸、無水ピロメリット酸、無水メ
リット酸、テトラシアノエチレン、テトラシアノキノジ
メタン、０−ジニトロベンゼン、ｍ−ジニトロベンゼン
、１．３．５−トリニトロベンゼン、バラニトロベンゾ
ニトリル、ピクリルクロライド、キノンクロルイミド、
クロラニル、ブルマニル、２−メチルナフトキノン、ジ
クロロジシアノバラベンゾキノン、アントラキノン、ジ
ニトロアントラキノン、トリニトロフルオレノン、９−
フルオレニリデンー〔ジシアノメチレンマロノジニトリ
ル〕、ポリニトロ−９−フルオレニリデンー〔ジシアノ
メチレンマロノジニトリル〕、ピクリン酸、０−ニトロ
安息香酸、ｐ−ニトロ安息香酸、３，５−ジニトロ安息
香酸、ペンタフルオロ安息香酸、５−ニトロサリチル酸
、３，５−ジニトロサリチル酸、フタル酸等が挙げられ
る。Electron-accepting substances that can be used in the photoreceptor of the present invention include:
For example, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, dibromaleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride,
Tetrabromo phthalic anhydride, 3-nitro phthalic anhydride,
4-nitrophthalic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, mellitic anhydride, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, 0-dinitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, 1.3.5-trinitrobenzene, varanitrobenzonitrile, Picryl chloride, quinone chlorimide,
Chloranil, brumanil, 2-methylnaphthoquinone, dichlorodicyanobarabenzoquinone, anthraquinone, dinitroanthraquinone, trinitrofluorenone, 9-
Fluorenylidene [dicyanomethylenemalonodinitrile], polynitro-9-fluorenylidene [dicyanomethylenemalonodinitrile], picric acid, 0-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid , pentafluorobenzoic acid, 5-nitrosalicylic acid, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, phthalic acid, and the like.
また更に表面改質剤としてシリコーンオイルを存在させ
てもよい。 また耐久性向上剤としてアンモニウム化合
物が含有されていてもよい。Furthermore, silicone oil may be present as a surface modifier. Further, an ammonium compound may be contained as a durability improver.
本発明において、前記−形式（１）、〔■〕で表わされ
る構造単位を主要繰り返し単位とするポリカーボネート
以外に、他のバインダー樹脂を併用することも可能であ
る。In the present invention, other binder resins can be used in combination with the polycarbonate whose main repeating unit is the structural unit represented by the formula (1) and [■].
こうしたバインダー樹脂としては、例えばポリエチレン
、ポリプロピレン、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、塩
化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウ
レタン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン
樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、本発明以外
のポリカーボネート樹脂、シリコン樹脂、メラミン樹脂
等の付加重合型樹脂、重付加型樹脂、重縮合型樹脂並び
にごれらの樹脂の繰り返し単位のうちの２つ以上を含む
共重合体樹脂、例えば塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体
樹脂、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸共重合
体樹脂等の絶縁性樹脂の他、ポリ−Ｎ−ビニルカルバゾ
ール等の高分子有機半導体が挙げられる。Examples of such binder resins include polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, polyhydroxystyrene resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, and polycarbonate other than the present invention. Addition polymer resins such as resins, silicone resins, melamine resins, polyaddition resins, polycondensation resins, and copolymer resins containing two or more repeating units of these resins, such as vinyl chloride-acetic acid. Examples include insulating resins such as vinyl copolymer resins and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer resins, as well as polymeric organic semiconductors such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole.
また、中間層は接着層又はバリヤ層等として機能するも
ので、上記バインダ樹脂の外に、例えばポリビニルアル
コール、エチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロー
ス、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、塩化ビニル−酢
酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸共重合体、カゼイン、Ｎ−ア
ルコキシメチル化ナイロン、澱粉等が併用可能である。In addition, the intermediate layer functions as an adhesive layer or a barrier layer, and in addition to the above-mentioned binder resin, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride, etc. Acid copolymers, casein, N-alkoxymethylated nylon, starch, etc. can be used in combination.
次に感光層を支持する導電性支持体としては、アルミニ
ウム、ニッケルなどの金属板、金属ドラム又は金属箔、
アルミニウム、酸化スズ、酸化インジウムなどを蒸着し
たプラスチックフィルムあるいは導電性物質を塗布した
紙、プラスチック等のフィルム又はドラムを使用するこ
とができる。Next, as the conductive support for supporting the photosensitive layer, a metal plate made of aluminum, nickel, etc., a metal drum, or a metal foil,
A plastic film coated with aluminum, tin oxide, indium oxide, etc., or a film or drum made of paper, plastic, etc. coated with a conductive substance can be used.
ＣＧＬはＣＧＭを適当な溶剤に単独若しくは適当なバイ
ンダ樹脂と共に溶解若しくは分散せしめたものを塗布し
て乾燥させる方法により設けることができる。CGL can be provided by a method in which CGM is dissolved or dispersed in a suitable solvent, alone or together with a suitable binder resin, and then applied and dried.
ＣＧＭの分散にはボールミル、ホモミキサ、サンドミル
、超音波分散機、アトライタ等が用いられる。A ball mill, homomixer, sand mill, ultrasonic disperser, attritor, etc. are used for dispersing CGM.
ＣＧＬの形成に用いられる溶媒としては、例えばＮ、Ｎ
−ジメチルホルムアミド、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレ
ン、モノクロルベンゼン、１，２−ジクロロエタン、ジ
クロロメタン、１，１．２−トリクロロエタン、テトラ
ヒドロフラン、メチルエチルケトン、酢酸エチル、酢酸
ブチル等を挙げることができる。Examples of solvents used to form CGL include N, N
-dimethylformamide, benzene, toluene, xylene, monochlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like.
ＣＧＬ中のバインダ樹脂１００重量部当りＣＧＭは２０
重量部以上が好ましく、特に好ましくは２５〜４００重
量部とされる。CGM per 100 parts by weight of binder resin in CGL is 20
The amount is preferably at least 25 parts by weight, particularly preferably 25 to 400 parts by weight.
以上のようにして形成されるＣＧＬの膜厚は、好ましく
は０．０１〜１０１１ｍ、特に好ましくはｏ、ｉ〜５μ
ｍである。The film thickness of the CGL formed as described above is preferably 0.01 to 1011 m, particularly preferably o, i to 5 μm.
It is m.
また、ＣＴＬは、既述のＣＴＭを上述のＣＧＬと同様に
して、即ち、単独であるいは上述のバインダ樹脂と共に
溶解、分散せしめたものを塗布、乾燥して形成すること
ができる。Further, CTL can be formed by applying and drying the above-described CTM in the same manner as the above-mentioned CGL, that is, by melting and dispersing the above-mentioned CTM alone or together with the above-mentioned binder resin.
ＣＴＬ中のベインダ樹脂１００重量部当りＣＴＭが２０
〜２００重量部、好ましくは３０〜１５０重量部とされ
る。CTM is 20 per 100 parts by weight of binder resin in CTL
~200 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 150 parts by weight.
形成されるＣＴＭの膜厚は、好ましくは５〜５０μｍ、
特に好ましくは５〜３０μｍである。The thickness of the CTM formed is preferably 5 to 50 μm,
Particularly preferably, it is 5 to 30 μm.
また前記保護層ば、電子受容性物質を含有してもよく、
その他、必要によりＣＧＭを保護する目的で紫外線吸収
剤等を含有してもよく、好ましくは２μｍ以下、更に好
ましくは１μｍ以下の層厚に形成される。Further, the protective layer may contain an electron-accepting substance,
In addition, if necessary, the layer may contain an ultraviolet absorber or the like for the purpose of protecting the CGM, and the layer thickness is preferably 2 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or less.
上記各層の塗布形成にあたっては、例えばデイツプ塗布
、スプレー塗布、ブレード塗布、ロール塗布等が用いら
れる。For coating and forming the above-mentioned layers, dip coating, spray coating, blade coating, roll coating, etc. are used, for example.
ホ、実施例
以下、本発明の詳細な説明するが、これにより本発明の
実施例の態様が限定されるものではない。E. Examples The present invention will be described in detail below, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereby.
遺１１吐１
外径８０ｍｍφのアルミニウムドラム基体上に、塩化ビ
ニル−酢酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸共重合体「エスレッ
クＭＦ−１０Ｊ （積木化学工業社製）よりなる厚さ
約０．１ μｍの中間層を設けた。 次に、構造式Ｘ−
３で示した多環キノン顔料６０ｇをボールミルで２４時
間粉砕し、これにビスフェノールＡ型ポリカーボネート
［パンライトＬ−１２５０Ｊ （奇人化成社製）３０
ｇを１．２−ジクロロエタン３０００Ｉｌｌに溶解した
溶液を加えて、更に２４時間分散し、得られた分散液を
前記中間層上に浸漬塗布し、十分乾燥して厚さ約０．３
ｎｕｗのＣＧＬを形成した。1. On an aluminum drum base with an outer diameter of 80 mmφ, an intermediate layer with a thickness of about 0.1 μm made of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer “S-LEC MF-10J (manufactured by Block Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) Next, structural formula X-
60 g of the polycyclic quinone pigment shown in 3 was ground in a ball mill for 24 hours, and bisphenol A polycarbonate [Panlite L-1250J (manufactured by Kijin Kasei Co., Ltd.) 30
A solution prepared by dissolving 1.0 g in 3000 Ill of 1,2-dichloroethane was added thereto, and the mixture was further dispersed for 24 hours. The resulting dispersion was dip-coated onto the intermediate layer, and was sufficiently dried to form a layer with a thickness of about 0.3
A CGL of nuw was formed.
一方、既述の構造式Ｘ Ｉ［［−６１で示したスチリル
化合物３５２．５ ｇと、構造式ＩＩ［−１で示したヒ
ンダードアミン−ヒンダードフェノール系化合物７．１
ｇと、既述の構造式Ｉｆ−２で示した主要繰り返し構造
単位を有するポリカーボネート［ニーピロンＺ−２００
Ｊ（三菱瓦斯化学社製）４５０ｇとを、１゜２−ジクロ
ロエタン３０００ｍｊ！に溶解し、得られた溶液を前記
ＣＧＬ上に浸漬塗布し、温度８０℃で１時間乾燥して厚
さ２０μｍのＣＴＬを形成し、以って本発明に基く電子
写真感光体を製造した。On the other hand, 352.5 g of the styryl compound represented by the aforementioned structural formula
g and a polycarbonate having the main repeating structural unit shown by the structural formula If-2 described above [Nipiron Z-200
J (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) 450 g and 1°2-dichloroethane 3000 mj! The resulting solution was applied onto the CGL by dip coating and dried at a temperature of 80° C. for 1 hour to form a CTL with a thickness of 20 μm, thereby producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention.
去隻炭又
実施例１に於けるＣＧＬのバインダーとしてＣＴＬに用
いた構造式ｌｌ−２で示される構造単位からなるポリカ
ーボネート［ニーピロンＺ−２００Ｊを用いた他は実施
例１と同様にして、電子写真感光体を製造した。A polycarbonate consisting of a structural unit represented by the structural formula ll-2 used for CTL as a binder for CGL in Example 1 [Niepilon Z-200J was used in the same manner as in Example 1, A photographic photoreceptor was manufactured.
尖隻桝主
実施例２に於いて、ＣＧＬ中に更に、構造式■−１で示
されるヒンダードアミン−ヒンダードフェノール系化合
物０．６ ｇ （バインダーの２％１ｔ％）を添加した
他は実施例２と同様にして電子写真感光体を製造した。In Example 2, 0.6 g (2% 1t% of the binder) of a hindered amine-hindered phenol compound represented by the structural formula ■-1 was further added to the CGL. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 2.
尖隻廻ｌ
外径８０ＩＩＩＩＩＩφのアルミドラム基体上に実施例
１と同じ中間層を設けた。 次に、アクリル樹脂「ダイ
ヤナールＢＲ−８５Ｊ （三菱レーヨン社製）１５ｇ
を１，２−ジクロロエタン３０００ｍ ｌに溶解した溶
液に構造式■−１５で示されるジスアゾ顔料３０ｇを加
えサンドグライダ−で８時間分散した。 この分散液を
前記中間層上に浸漬塗布して厚さ０．２μのＣＧＬを形
成した。The same intermediate layer as in Example 1 was provided on an aluminum drum base having an outer diameter of 80IIIIIIφ. Next, 15 g of acrylic resin “Dianal BR-85J (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.)
30 g of a disazo pigment represented by structural formula 1-15 was added to a solution of 1,2-dichloroethane dissolved in 3000 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane, and dispersed for 8 hours using a sand glider. This dispersion was dip coated onto the intermediate layer to form a CGL with a thickness of 0.2 μm.
一方、構造式ＸｌＸ−２５で示されるヒドラゾン化合物
３５２．５ ｇと構造式Ｉ［［−８で示したヒンダード
アミン−ヒンダードフェノール系化合物１７．６ ｇと
構造式Ｕ−４で示した構造単位からなるポリカーボネー
ト（粘度平均分子量は約３０，０００） ４５０ ｇと
を１，２−ジクロロエタン３０００ ｍ≦鴇解し、得ら
れた溶液を前記ＣＧＬ上に浸漬塗布し、温度８０℃で１
時間乾燥して厚さ２０μｍのＣＴＬを形成し本発明の電
子写真感光体を製造した。On the other hand, from 352.5 g of a hydrazone compound represented by structural formula XlX-25, 17.6 g of a hindered amine-hindered phenol compound represented by structural formula I 450 g of polycarbonate (viscosity average molecular weight is approximately 30,000) was dissolved in 3000 m of 1,2-dichloroethane, and the resulting solution was dip-coated onto the CGL, followed by 1
This was dried for a period of time to form a CTL having a thickness of 20 μm, thereby producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
実施例５
実施例４に於いて、ジスアゾ顔料に替えてＸ型無金属フ
タロシアニンを用い、キャリア輸送物質として構造式Ｘ
Ｘ−６で示される化合物を用いた他は実施例４と同様に
して、本発明の電子写真感光体を製造した。Example 5 In Example 4, X-type metal-free phthalocyanine was used instead of the disazo pigment, and structural formula
An electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the compound represented by X-6 was used.
大施貫亙
外径８０ｍｍφのアルミドラム基体上に実施例１と同し
中間層を設けた。The same intermediate layer as in Example 1 was provided on an aluminum drum base having an outer diameter of 80 mm in diameter.
次に実施例１と同じＣＴＬ溶液を該中間層上に浸漬塗布
して厚さ１５μｍのＣＴＬを形成した。Next, the same CTL solution as in Example 1 was dip coated onto the intermediate layer to form a CTL with a thickness of 15 μm.
一方、構造式Ｕ−２で示した繰り返し単位からなるポリ
カーボネート「ニーピロンＺ −２００Ｊ ６０ｇをモ
ノクロルベンゼン３０００ｍｊ！に溶解した溶液に構造
式Ｘ−３で示した多環キノン顔料３０ｇを加えボールミ
ルで２４時間分散し、更にこの分散液に構造式Ｘｌｌｌ
−２０で示されるスチリル化合物４５ｇと構造式ｍ−７
で示されるヒンダードアミン−ヒンダードフェノール系
化合物２．２ｇとを加えて溶解した。 得られた分散液
を前記ＣＴＬ上にスプレー塗布して厚さ５μｍのＣＧＬ
を形成し、第２図のような本発明の電子写真感光体（正
帯電型）を得た。On the other hand, 30 g of the polycyclic quinone pigment represented by the structural formula Disperse and further add structural formula Xllll to this dispersion.
-45g of styryl compound represented by -20 and structural formula m-7
2.2 g of a hindered amine-hindered phenol compound represented by was added and dissolved. The obtained dispersion was spray-coated onto the CTL to form a CGL with a thickness of 5 μm.
An electrophotographic photoreceptor (positively charged type) of the present invention as shown in FIG. 2 was obtained.
去屓ｌ九り
実施例６の感光体を製造し、この上に次の方法で保護層
を設け、第４図のような感光体を得た。The photoreceptor of Example 6 was manufactured, and a protective layer was provided thereon by the following method to obtain a photoreceptor as shown in FIG.
ポリカーボネート「ニーピロンＺ −２００Ｊ ３０ｇ
と構造式ｌ１１−９で示されるヒンダードアミン−ヒン
ダードフェノール系化合物０．６ ｇを３０００ｍｌの
モノクロルベンゼンに溶解し、実施例６と同様にして得
た電子写真感光体上にスプレー塗布して、厚さ２μｍの
保護層を形成した。Polycarbonate “Kneepilon Z-200J 30g
0.6 g of a hindered amine-hindered phenol compound represented by the structural formula 111-9 was dissolved in 3000 ml of monochlorobenzene, and the solution was spray-coated onto the electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained in the same manner as in Example 6. A protective layer with a thickness of 2 μm was formed.
実施例８
外径８０ｍｍφのアルミニウムドラム基体上に、実施例
１と同様にして中間層を設けた。 次いで、構造式ｎ−
２で示した繰り返し単位からなるポリカーボネート「ニ
ーピロンＺ −２００Ｊ ３００ ｇをモノクロルベン
ゼン３０００ｍｊｉ！に溶解した溶液に、構造式■−７
で示したＣ０Ｍ６０ｇを加えてボールミル中で２４時間
分散し、更にこの分散液に構造式■−３７で示されるＣ
ＴＭ２２５ ｇと構造式■−２４で示されるヒンダード
アミン−ヒンダードフェノール系化合物３ｇとを加えて
溶解した。 得られた分散液を前記中間層上に塗布乾燥
して感光層を形成し、第３図のような本発明の電子写真
感光体を得た。Example 8 An intermediate layer was provided in the same manner as in Example 1 on an aluminum drum substrate having an outer diameter of 80 mmφ. Then, the structural formula n-
Polycarbonate consisting of the repeating unit shown in 2, "Nipiron Z-200J" 300 g dissolved in 3000 mji of monochlorobenzene!
60g of C0M shown in is added and dispersed in a ball mill for 24 hours, and further C0M shown by structural formula -37 is added to this dispersion.
225 g of TM and 3 g of a hindered amine-hindered phenol compound represented by the structural formula 1-24 were added and dissolved. The obtained dispersion was coated on the intermediate layer and dried to form a photosensitive layer, thereby obtaining an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention as shown in FIG. 3.
此惠」［Ｌ二ｉ
実施例１〜５において、ＣＴＬからヒンダードアミン−
ヒンダードフェノール系化合物を除いた他は、実施例１
〜５と同様にして、それぞれ比較例１〜５の感光体を製
造した。In Examples 1 to 5, hindered amine-
Example 1 except for the hindered phenol compound
Photoreceptors of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Examples 1 to 5, respectively.
ル較桝亙
実施例６において、ＣＧＬからヒンダードアミン−ヒン
ダードフェノール系化合物を除いた他は、実施例６と同
様にして、比較例６の感光体を製造した。A photoreceptor of Comparative Example 6 was produced in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the hindered amine-hindered phenol compound was removed from the CGL.
此１１Ｊ７
実施例７において、保護層からヒンダードアミン−ヒン
ダードフェノール系化合物を除いた他は、実施例７と同
様にして、比較例７の感光体を製造した。11J7 A photoreceptor of Comparative Example 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the hindered amine-hindered phenol compound was removed from the protective layer.
此ＭＪ江影
実施例８において、単層構成の感光層からヒンダードア
ミン−ヒンダードフェノール系化合物を除いた他は、実
施例８と同様にして、比較例８の感光体を製造した。A photoreceptor of Comparative Example 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the hindered amine-hindered phenol compound was removed from the single-layer photosensitive layer.
ル較斑工
実施例１において、ＣＴＬのバインダー樹脂を、゛本発
明のポリカーボネートから、ビスフェノールＡ型ポリカ
ーボネート「パンライトＬ−１２５０Ｊ（奇人化成社製
）に変えた。 その他は実施例１と同様にして、比較例
９の感光体を製造した。In Example 1, the binder resin of CTL was changed from the polycarbonate of the present invention to bisphenol A polycarbonate Panlite L-1250J (manufactured by Kijin Kasei Co., Ltd.).Others were the same as in Example 1. A photoreceptor of Comparative Example 9 was manufactured.
ル較適刊
実施例６において、ＣＧＬのバインダー樹脂ヲ、本発明
のポリカーボネートから、ビスフェノールＡ型ポリカー
ボネート［パンライトＬ−１２５０Ｊに変えた。 その
他は実施例６と同様にして、比較例１Ｏの感光体を製造
した。In Example 6, the binder resin of CGL was changed from the polycarbonate of the present invention to bisphenol A polycarbonate [Panlite L-1250J]. A photoreceptor of Comparative Example 1O was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 6 in other respects.
ル較炭旦
実施例７において、保護層のバインダー樹脂を、本発明
のポリカーボネートから、ビスフェノールＡ型ポリカー
ボネート「パンライトＬ−１２５０Ｊに変えた。 その
他は実施例７と同様にして、比較例１１の感光体を製造
した。In Comparative Example 7, the binder resin of the protective layer was changed from the polycarbonate of the present invention to bisphenol A polycarbonate "Panlite L-1250J." A photoreceptor was manufactured.
ル較拠■
実施例８において、単層構成の感光層のバインダー樹脂
を、本発明のポリカーボネートから、ビスフェノールＡ
型ポリカーボネート［パンライトＬ−１２５０Ｊに変え
た。 その他は実施例８と同様にして、比較例１２の感
光体を製造した。Comparison ■ In Example 8, the binder resin of the photosensitive layer having a single layer structure was changed from the polycarbonate of the present invention to bisphenol A.
Type polycarbonate [changed to Panlite L-1250J. A photoreceptor of Comparative Example 12 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 8 in other respects.
以上の様にして得た電子写真感光体試料を小西六写真工
業製Ｕ−Ｂｉｘ １５５０ ＭＲに装着し、５万回コピ
ーの実写テストを行なうと共に、黒紙電位■ｂ、白紙電
位Ｖｗ、残留電位Ｖｒを測定した。The electrophotographic photoreceptor sample obtained as described above was mounted on U-Bix 1550 MR manufactured by Konishi Roku Photo Industry Co., Ltd., and a live copying test of 50,000 copies was performed, and black paper potential ■b, white paper potential Vw, and residual potential were Vr was measured.
また５万回コピー後の膜厚減耗層と画像傷の発生状況を
調べた。 ただし、表にはＶｂ ｓ Ｖｗ 、Ｖｒ（初
期値）と、５万回コピー後のそれぞれの変動１Δ１ｖｂ
ｌ 、Δｌｖｗｌ 、Δ １ｖｒｌ とを示す。The reduced film thickness layer and the occurrence of image scratches after 50,000 copies were also investigated. However, the table shows Vb s Vw, Vr (initial value), and the respective fluctuations 1Δ1vb after 50,000 copies.
l , Δlvwl , and Δ 1vrl .
ただし、実施例６．７．８及び比較例６．７．８．１０
．１１．１２の感光体では、帯電、転写の極性を負から
正に変え、かつ現像剤を負帯電性二成分現像剤に変えて
試験した。However, Example 6.7.8 and Comparative Example 6.7.8.10
．． The photoreceptor No. 11.12 was tested by changing the charging and transfer polarity from negative to positive, and by changing the developer to a negatively chargeable two-component developer.
尚、ここでいう黒紙電位とは反射濃度１．３の黒紙原稿
とし、上述の複写サイクルを実施した時の感光体の表面
電位を表わし、白紙電位とは白紙を原稿としたときの感
光体の表面電位を表わす。The black paper potential here refers to the surface potential of the photoreceptor when the above-mentioned copying cycle is performed using a black paper original with a reflection density of 1.3, and the white paper potential refers to the surface potential of the photoreceptor when a blank paper is used as the original. It represents the surface potential of the body.
この測定結果を表に示す。The measurement results are shown in the table.
ただし、表中、「実−」は実施例を「比−」は比較例を
表わす。However, in the table, "actual" indicates an example, and "ratio" indicates a comparative example.
（以下余白、次頁に続く）
以上の実施例及び比較例から明らかな様に、本発明の電
子写真感光体は耐摩耗性、耐傷性に秀れ、しかも連続し
て多数枚の複写を行なっても黒紙電位（Ｖｂ ）低下や
白紙電位（Ｖｗ ）上昇、残留電位（Ｖｒ ）上昇が少
ない為、安定した複写画像が得られ耐久性に秀れている
ことが理解される。(The following is a blank space, continued on the next page) As is clear from the above examples and comparative examples, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has excellent abrasion resistance and scratch resistance, and is capable of making many copies continuously. It is understood that stable copied images can be obtained and excellent durability can be obtained because there is little decrease in black paper potential (Vb), increase in white paper potential (Vw), and small increase in residual potential (Vr).
第１図、第２図、第３図、第４図はそれぞれ本発明の感
光体の各側の断面図である。
なお、図面に示す符号において、
１−・・−・−導電性支持体
２・−一−−−・−電荷発生層（ＣＧＬ）３・・−・−
・−電荷輸送層（ＣＴＬ）４Ａ、４Ｂ、４Ｄ・−・・−
・・−感光層５−・・−・−表面（保護）層（ＯＣＬ）
７ｈる。
代理人 弁理士 逢 坂 宏
第 １ 因
第 ２図
第 ３ 山
第４ 区１
（自発）手続ネ甫正書
１．事件の表示
昭和６２年 特許願第２７７０７１号
２、発明の名称
感光体
３、補正をする者
事件との関係 特許出願人
住 所 東京都新宿区西新宿１丁目２６番２号名 称
（１２７）コニカ株式会社
４、代理人
住 所 東京都立川市柴崎町２−４−１１ ＦＩＮＥビ
ルｅ ｏ４ｉ５−＋４４−５４ｔｔ（
明細書の発明の詳細な説明の欄
６、補正の内容
（１）、明細書第４６頁の表中、最右欄の最下段の「
」を1, 2, 3, and 4 are cross-sectional views of each side of the photoreceptor of the present invention. In addition, in the symbols shown in the drawings, 1-...--Conductive support 2--1---Charge generating layer (CGL) 3...-
・-Charge transport layer (CTL) 4A, 4B, 4D・・・・−
...-Photosensitive layer 5--Surface (protective) layer (OCL)
7 hours. Agent Patent Attorney Hiroshi Aisaka No. 1 Reason No. 2 Figure 3 Yama No. 4 Ward 1 (Voluntary) Procedure Neho 1. Indication of the case 1988 Patent Application No. 277071 2, Name of the invention Photoreceptor 3, Person making the amendment Relationship to the case Patent applicant address 1-26-2 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Name Name
(127) Konica Co., Ltd. 4, Agent address: FINE Building e o4i5-+44-54tt, 2-4-11 Shibasaki-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo (Detailed explanation of the invention in the specification column 6, Contents of amendment (1) , in the table on page 46 of the specification, the bottom row of the rightmost column ""
Claims (1)
〕で表わされる構造単位及び／又は下記一般式〔II〕で
表わされる構造単位を主要繰り返し単位として有するポ
リカーボネートが含有され、かつヒンダードアミン構造
単位とヒンダードフェノール構造単位とを分子内に有す
る化合物が前記表面領域に含有されていることを特徴と
する感光体。 一般式〔 I 〕： ▲数式、化学式、表等があります▼ （但、この一般式中、 Ｒ＾１、Ｒ＾２：水素原子、置換若しくは未置換の脂肪
族基、置換若しくは未置換の 炭素環基、又は置換若しくは未置 換の芳香族基であって、Ｒ＾１及び Ｒ＾２の少なくとも一方がかさ高い 基、 Ｒ＾３、Ｒ＾４、Ｒ＾５、Ｒ＾６、Ｒ＾７、Ｒ＾８、Ｒ
＾９、Ｒ＾１＾０：水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換若し
くは未置換の脂肪族基又は置換 若しくは未置換の炭素環基 である。） 一般式〔II〕 ： ▲数式、化学式、表等があります▼ （但、この一般式中、 Ｒ＾３、Ｒ＾４、Ｒ＾５、Ｒ＾６、Ｒ＾７、Ｒ＾８、Ｒ
＾９、Ｒ＾１＾０：前記したものと同じ、 Ｚ：置換若しくは未置換の炭素環又は 置換若しくは未置換の複素環を形 成するのに必要な原子群 である。）[Claims] 1. The following general formula [ I
] and/or a structural unit represented by the following general formula [II] as a main repeating unit, and a compound having a hindered amine structural unit and a hindered phenol structural unit in the molecule is the compound described above. A photoconductor characterized in that the content is contained in a surface region. General formula [I]: ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (However, in this general formula, R^1, R^2: hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group, substituted or unsubstituted carbon A ring group or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group in which at least one of R^1 and R^2 is bulky, R^3, R^4, R^5, R^6, R^7 , R^8, R
^9, R^1^0: A hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic group. ) General formula [II]: ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (However, in this general formula, R^3, R^4, R^5, R^6, R^7, R^8, R
^9, R^1^0: Same as above, Z: An atomic group necessary to form a substituted or unsubstituted carbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle. )
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62277071A JPH0623853B2 (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1987-10-30 | Photoconductor |
| US07/262,486 US4931372A (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1988-10-25 | Polycarbonate-containing photoreceptors containing a hindered phenol compound |
| GB8825085A GB2211954B (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1988-10-26 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62277071A JPH0623853B2 (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1987-10-30 | Photoconductor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01118138A true JPH01118138A (en) | 1989-05-10 |
| JPH0623853B2 JPH0623853B2 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
Family
ID=17578374
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62277071A Expired - Lifetime JPH0623853B2 (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1987-10-30 | Photoconductor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0623853B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7459256B2 (en) | 2005-01-21 | 2008-12-02 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Image forming method and image forming apparatus |
| US7473509B2 (en) | 2004-11-26 | 2009-01-06 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Image forming method and image forming apparatus |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60172045A (en) * | 1984-02-16 | 1985-09-05 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Photosensitive body |
| JPS63206757A (en) * | 1987-02-23 | 1988-08-26 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
| JPS63271453A (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-09 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Organic photosensitive body |
-
1987
- 1987-10-30 JP JP62277071A patent/JPH0623853B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60172045A (en) * | 1984-02-16 | 1985-09-05 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Photosensitive body |
| JPS63206757A (en) * | 1987-02-23 | 1988-08-26 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
| JPS63271453A (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-09 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Organic photosensitive body |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7473509B2 (en) | 2004-11-26 | 2009-01-06 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Image forming method and image forming apparatus |
| US7459256B2 (en) | 2005-01-21 | 2008-12-02 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Image forming method and image forming apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0623853B2 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
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