JP7508752B2 - 光変調デバイス - Google Patents
光変調デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP7508752B2 JP7508752B2 JP2022577135A JP2022577135A JP7508752B2 JP 7508752 B2 JP7508752 B2 JP 7508752B2 JP 2022577135 A JP2022577135 A JP 2022577135A JP 2022577135 A JP2022577135 A JP 2022577135A JP 7508752 B2 JP7508752 B2 JP 7508752B2
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
- G02C7/101—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses having an electro-optical light valve
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13718—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a change of the texture state of a cholesteric liquid crystal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
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- G02C2202/16—Laminated or compound lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/06—Materials and properties dopant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/28—Adhesive materials or arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/01—Function characteristic transmissive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/48—Variable attenuator
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Description
[化学式1]
R1 aR2 bSiOc(OR3)d
化学式1でR1およびR2は、それぞれ独立的に、水素原子または置換または非置換された1価炭化水素基を表し、R3はアルキル基を表し、R1、R2およびR3がそれぞれ複数個存在する場合には互いに同一であるか異なり得、aおよびbはそれぞれ独立的に0以上、1未満の数を表し、a+bは0超過、2未満の数を表し、cは0超過、2未満の数を表し、dは0超過、4未満の数を表し、a+b+cΥ2+dは4である。
[化学式2]
[一般式1]
ねじれ角度(A)=a+b×360
前記一般式1で、aはツイスト配向状態の液晶層で最も下部に存在する液晶分子の光軸と最も上部に存在する液晶分子の光軸がなす角度であり、bはピッチの個数である。
液晶セルの厚さ、すなわちセルギャップ(cell gap)はスペクトロメータを使って下記の方式で測定した。図6に示された通り、セルギャップ(cell gap)dを有する液晶セルの一面で光(II)を照射し、他の面で透過した光(IT)を計測する。前記光の照射時には、照射角度を透過度可変層の仮想表面の法線方向と平行となるようにする。このような方式で波長別透過率を確認してみると、補強干渉などによって図7に示されたような透過率グラフが得られ得る。図7でX軸は波長(wavelength(nm))であり、Y軸は透過率(transmittance(%))である。図7のように得られたグラフは、透過度可変層の厚さであるセルギャップ(cell gap)dと下記の数式Eの関係を有することになるが、下記の数式Eでκは図7で波長λ1と波長λ2の間に存在するピーク(peak)の数である。すなわち、図7のように求められたグラフから、前記κである波長λ1と波長λ2の間のピークの数を求め、また、前記波長λ1およびλ2を数式Eに代入してセルギャップdを求めることができる。
[数式E]
第1表面にITO(Indium Tin Oxide)層が約30nm程度の厚さで蒸着された厚さ125μm程度のPET(poly(ethylene terephthalate))フィルム(第1基板)の前記ITO層上にシリコーン粘着剤層を形成した。粘着剤層はいわゆるOCA(Optically Clear Adhesive)として公知になっているシリコーン粘着剤組成物(Shinetsu社、KR3700)を前記IOT層上にバーコーティングし、約150℃程度で5分の間乾燥させて、約10μm程度の厚さに形成した。
スペーサとして正四角形の形態の隔壁型スペーサを適用したことを除いては実施例1と同一に液晶セルを製造した。前記正四角形の形態の隔壁型スペーサのピッチは約450μmであり、高さは約10μmであり、線幅は約30μm程度であった。
下記の段階を遂行したことを除いては実施例1と同一に液晶セルを製造した。第2基板のITO(Indium Tin Oxide)層上にスペーサとして正四角形の形態の隔壁型スペーサを形成した。前記正四角形の形態の隔壁型スペーサのピッチは約350μmであり、高さは約6.3μmであり、線幅は約30μm程度であった。前記第2基板の前記隔壁型スペーサ上に配向膜を形成しないことを除いてば実施例1と同じ方式で液晶セルを製造した。
配向膜形成物質として、ラビング配向膜形成物質であるポリイミド系列の垂直配向膜用物質(Nissan社、SE-5661)を使った。前記配向膜形成物質を溶媒内に約3重量%の濃度で溶解させて配向膜形成材を製造した。溶媒としては、PGME(Propylene glycol methyl ether)およびGBL(gamma-Butyrolactone)が7:3の重量比率(PGME:GBL)で混合された混合溶媒を使った。前記配向膜形成物質と溶媒の混合物内に直径が約12μm程度であるボールスペーサを全体配向膜形成材内に濃度が約1重量%程度となるように配合して配向膜形成材を製造した。
セルギャップdとピッチpの比率(d/p)が約2.5程度となるように液晶セルの厚さ(d、セルギャップ)を調整したことを除いては実施例1と同一に液晶セルを製造した。
セルギャップdとピッチpの比率(d/p)が約12程度となるように液晶セルの厚さ(d、セルギャップ)を調整したことを除いては実施例1と同一に液晶セルを製造した。
実施例と比較例で製造した液晶セルの透過度可変率を評価した。
103:粘着剤層または接着剤層
201:第2基板
203:液晶配向膜
300:液晶層
400:隔壁型スペーサ
500:電極
Claims (14)
- 第1表面に粘着剤層または接着剤層が形成されている第1基板;
第1表面を有し、前記第1表面が前記第1基板の第1表面と対向するように配置されている第2基板;および
前記第1基板および前記第2基板の間に存在する液晶層を含み、
前記第1基板および前記第2基板の間隔が隔壁型スペーサによって維持されており、
前記液晶層はツイスト配向を具現できるように形成されており、
前記ツイスト配向で前記液晶層のピッチに対する前記液晶層の厚さの比率が2.8を超過し、10以下であり、
前記隔壁型スペーサのピッチの前記液晶層のピッチに対する比率が50~500の範囲内にある、光変調デバイス。 - 前記第1基板には配向膜が形成されていない、請求項1に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 前記隔壁型スペーサはハニカム形スペーサ、四角形スペーサまたはランダム形スペーサである、請求項1または請求項2に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 前記隔壁型スペーサのピッチは100μm~1,000μmの範囲内にある、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 前記液晶層の厚さが0.1μm~50μmの範囲内にある、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 前記隔壁型スペーサのピッチの前記液晶層の厚さに対する比率が10~100の範囲内にある、請求項1~請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 前記液晶層は液晶化合物およびキラルドーパントを含む、請求項1~請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 前記液晶層は二色性染料を追加で含む、請求項7に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 前記第2基板の第1表面には液晶配向膜が形成されている、請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 前記液晶配向膜は垂直配向膜または水平配向膜である、請求項9に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 前記第2基板には液晶配向膜が形成されていない、請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 電圧未印加時にツイスト配向である、請求項1~請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 電圧未印加時に最小透過度を示す、請求項1~請求項12のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 請求項1~請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイスを含む、ウインドウ。
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US20160026026A1 (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-28 | Lg Display Co., Ltd. | Light Controlling Apparatus and Transparent Display Including the Same |
JP2018520372A (ja) | 2015-04-27 | 2018-07-26 | メルク・パテント・ゲゼルシヤフト・ミツト・ベシユレンクテル・ハフツングMerck Patent GmbH | 光スイッチング要素において使用するための光スイッチング層 |
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TWI801920B (zh) | 2023-05-11 |
WO2022005236A1 (ko) | 2022-01-06 |
US20230258982A1 (en) | 2023-08-17 |
JP2023530439A (ja) | 2023-07-18 |
KR102522184B1 (ko) | 2023-04-14 |
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TW202206923A (zh) | 2022-02-16 |
EP4177671A4 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
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CN115735157A (zh) | 2023-03-03 |
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