JP7506974B2 - Processed Feed - Google Patents
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- JP7506974B2 JP7506974B2 JP2019230548A JP2019230548A JP7506974B2 JP 7506974 B2 JP7506974 B2 JP 7506974B2 JP 2019230548 A JP2019230548 A JP 2019230548A JP 2019230548 A JP2019230548 A JP 2019230548A JP 7506974 B2 JP7506974 B2 JP 7506974B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Description
本発明は、加工飼料に関する。 The present invention relates to processed feed.
カボチャの実を適当な大きさに切断し、加熱などの処理を施し、冷凍食品、チルド食品、真空パックなどの形態とした保存用のカボチャ加工製品が知られている。 Pumpkin processed products for storage are known, which are made by cutting pumpkins to appropriate sizes, subjecting them to processing such as heating, and making them into frozen foods, chilled foods, vacuum-packed foods, and other forms.
カボチャ全体のうち２０～３０質量％程度は、いわゆる種ワタと呼ばれる実以外の部分である。種ワタは、通常は食されることはないため、カボチャの加工工場などでは、種ワタを含む残渣が発生する。このような残渣は、廃棄物業者に委託して焼却処理したり、少量であれば土に埋めて分解処理したりする必要があり、現状では、残渣の処理に手間、人手およびコストを要する。 Approximately 20-30% by mass of the entire pumpkin is the part other than the flesh, known as the seeds. As the seeds are not normally eaten, residues containing the seeds are generated at pumpkin processing plants and other facilities. This residue must be entrusted to a waste disposal company for incineration, or, if it is a small amount, buried in the soil for decomposition, and currently, disposal of the residue requires effort, manpower, and cost.
その一方で、これらの種ワタは人が食さないといえども、栄養価は実よりも高いと考えられており、薬理効果も期待されている。例えば、カボチャの種自体は、古くから尿失禁や泌尿器系疾患の予防や治療薬の原料などとして用いられている（例えば、特許文献１（特開２０１２－４６４５９号公報）参照）。 On the other hand, even though these seeds are not eaten by humans, they are thought to have higher nutritional value than the fruit, and are also expected to have pharmacological effects. For example, pumpkin seeds themselves have long been used as a raw material for drugs to prevent and treat urinary incontinence and urinary system diseases (see, for example, Patent Document 1 (JP Patent Publication No. 2012-46459)).
なお、カボチャは、生体内でビタミンＡとして作用するβ－カロテンを多く含有する。このため、カボチャを牛などの畜産用飼料として用いることも検討されている（例えば、特許文献２（特許第５５８４６４０号公報）参照）。ただし、特許文献２では、カボチャをそのまま用いており、廃棄物であるカボチャの加工残渣を有効利用することは意図されていない。
Pumpkins contain a lot of β-carotene, which acts as vitamin A in the body. For this reason, the use of pumpkins as feed for livestock such as cattle is being considered (see, for example, Patent Document 2 (Patent Publication No. 5584640)). However,
本発明は、カボチャから加工食品を製造する際に生じる残渣を有効利用することができる加工飼料を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention aims to provide a processed feed that can effectively utilize the waste generated during the production of processed foods from pumpkin.
（１） カボチャから加工食品を製造する際に生じる残渣を含む、加工飼料。
（２） カボチャの種子を含む、（１）に記載の加工飼料。
（３） β－カロテン含有率が０．０１５～０．０２質量％である、（１）または（２）に記載の加工飼料。
（４） 固形分率が８５質量％以上である、（１）～（３）のいずれかに記載の加工飼料。
(1) Processed feed containing residues resulting from the production of processed foods from pumpkin.
(2) The processed feed according to (1), which contains pumpkin seeds.
(3) The processed feed according to (1) or (2), wherein the β-carotene content is 0.015 to 0.02% by mass.
(4) A processed feed according to any one of (1) to (3), having a solid content of 85% by mass or more.
本発明によれば、カボチャから加工食品を製造する際に生じる残渣を有効利用することのできる加工飼料が提供される。 The present invention provides a processed feed that can effectively utilize the waste generated during the production of processed foods from pumpkins.
以下、本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明する。 The following describes an embodiment of the present invention in detail.
＜加工飼料＞
本実施形態の加工飼料は、カボチャから加工食品を製造する際に生じる残渣（カボチャ残渣）を含むことを特徴とする。カボチャ残渣は、例えば、カボチャの実の加工食品等を製造する際に残渣として生じる種ワタ等の不要物である。
<Processed feed>
The processed feed of this embodiment is characterized by containing residues (pumpkin residues) generated during the production of processed foods from pumpkins. Pumpkin residues are, for example, unwanted materials such as seeds that are generated as residues during the production of processed foods from pumpkins.
本実施形態の加工飼料においては、原料としてカボチャ残渣が使用されるため、これまで廃棄処理されていたカボチャ残渣を畜産用飼料として有効利用することができる。
また、カボチャ残渣の廃棄処理のための手間、人手、コスト等を削減することができる。
In the processed feed of this embodiment, pumpkin residue is used as a raw material, so that pumpkin residue that has been discarded up until now can be effectively utilized as livestock feed.
In addition, the effort, manpower, costs, etc. required for disposing of pumpkin residue can be reduced.
原料であるカボチャ残渣には、ヘタ、種（種子）、ワタ、皮などの部分（カボチャ全体の２０～３０質量％）が含まれる（一部の実も含まれ得る）。このような、いわゆる種ワタと呼ばれる部分はβ－カロテン等を豊富に含んでおり、この種ワタを加工することにより、β－カロテン等が豊富に含まれる栄養価の高い飼料を製造することができる。加工飼料は、特に栄養価の高いカボチャの種子を含むことが好ましい。
このように栄養価の高い加工飼料を畜産用に用いることにより、加工飼料を摂取した動物の成長促進や健康維持が期待される。
The pumpkin residue used as the raw material contains parts such as the stem, seeds, cotton, and skin (20 to 30% by mass of the whole pumpkin) (and may also contain some of the flesh). This part, known as the seed cotton, is rich in β-carotene and other nutrients, and by processing this seed cotton, it is possible to produce a highly nutritious feed rich in β-carotene and other nutrients. It is preferable that the processed feed contains pumpkin seeds, which are particularly nutritious.
By using such highly nutritious processed feed for livestock farming, it is expected that the growth of the animals that ingest the processed feed will be promoted and their health will be maintained.
加工飼料において、β－カロテンの含有率は、好ましくは０．０１５～０．０２質量％（６００００～８００００ＩＵ／ｋｇ）、より好ましくは０．０１７５～０．０２質量％（７００００～８００００ＩＵ／ｋｇ）である。 In the processed feed, the β-carotene content is preferably 0.015 to 0.02% by mass (60,000 to 80,000 IU/kg), more preferably 0.0175 to 0.02% by mass (70,000 to 80,000 IU/kg).
カボチャの品種としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、えびす、ケント、蔵の匠、味平、栗ゆたか等が挙げられる。１種のカボチャを単独で用いてもよく、２種以上のカボチャを組み合わせて用いてもよい。 The pumpkin varieties are not particularly limited, but examples include Ebisu, Kent, Kura no Takumi, Ajihei, and Kuriyutaka. One type of pumpkin may be used alone, or two or more types of pumpkins may be used in combination.
加工食品を構成するカボチャ残渣の粉砕物のサイズは、個体の食べやすさ等の観点から、好ましくは１～８ｍｍ角であり、より好ましくは１～５ｍｍ角である。 The size of the crushed pumpkin residue that constitutes the processed food is preferably 1 to 8 mm square, and more preferably 1 to 5 mm square, from the viewpoint of ease of eating for individuals.
加工飼料において、カボチャ残渣中の種は粉砕されていることが好ましい。粉砕されていない種を牛が食すると、種に含まれる貴重な栄養価が牛体内に吸収されないからである。また、種が消化されないままに***され、それを堆肥利用した際に発芽し、（食に適さない）野良カボチャができてしまう。 In processed feed, it is preferable that the seeds in the pumpkin residue are crushed. If cattle eat uncrushed seeds, the valuable nutritional value contained in the seeds will not be absorbed by the cattle's bodies. Also, if the seeds are excreted undigested and used as compost, they will germinate and become stray pumpkins (which are not suitable for eating).
加工飼料の固形分率は、好ましくは８５質量％以上であり、より好ましくは９０質量％以上である。固形分率が８５質量％未満であると（含水率が１５質量％を上回ると）、カビが生じる等、長期保管上、支障をきたす可能性が高くなるためである。なお、「固形分率」とは、加工飼料の総質量に対する固形物の質量（加工飼料中の水分量を差し引いた固形物の質量）の比率である。 The solid content of the processed feed is preferably 85% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more. If the solid content is less than 85% by mass (if the moisture content exceeds 15% by mass), there is a high possibility that mold will grow and other problems will occur during long-term storage. The "solid content" is the ratio of the mass of solid matter (the mass of solid matter minus the moisture content in the processed feed) to the total mass of the processed feed.
加工飼料には、畜産用などの動物が摂取できるあらゆる飼料が含まれる。動物としては、例えば、牛（肉牛または乳牛の成牛または子牛など）、豚、ニワトリ、馬、羊、山羊、鴨、アヒル、ガチョウなどが挙げられる。 Processed feed includes any feed that can be consumed by livestock or other animals, such as cattle (such as beef or dairy cows or calves), pigs, chickens, horses, sheep, goats, ducks, geese, etc.
なお、加工飼料は、必要に応じて、ビタミン類、ミネラル類、フラボノイド類、キノン類、ポリフェノール類、アミノ酸、核酸、必須脂肪酸、結合剤、崩壊剤、安定化剤、防腐剤、賦形剤、溶解剤、湿潤剤等の各種添加剤を含んでいてもよい。 The processed feed may contain various additives such as vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, quinones, polyphenols, amino acids, nucleic acids, essential fatty acids, binders, disintegrants, stabilizers, preservatives, excipients, solubilizers, and wetting agents, as necessary.
＜加工飼料の製造方法＞
本実施形態の加工飼料の製造方法は、粉砕工程と、乾燥工程とを含む。
粉砕工程では、カボチャから加工食品を製造する際に生じる残渣（カボチャ残渣）を粉砕する。
乾燥工程では、粉砕工程で得られた粉砕物を真空乾燥する。
<Method of manufacturing processed feed>
The method for producing the processed feed of this embodiment includes a crushing step and a drying step.
In the crushing process, the residue (pumpkin residue) generated during the production of processed foods from pumpkin is crushed.
In the drying step, the pulverized material obtained in the pulverization step is vacuum dried.
（粉砕工程）
粉砕工程では、上記のカボチャ残渣を粉砕する。
(Crushing process)
In the crushing step, the pumpkin residue is crushed.
カボチャ残渣の粉砕方法としては、遠心力等の機械的な力をカボチャ残渣に加えて、固定された複数のナイフアセンブリに対してカボチャ残渣を押し付けることにより、カボチャ残渣を粉砕（切断）する方法を好適に用いることができる。 A suitable method for crushing pumpkin residue is to apply a mechanical force, such as centrifugal force, to the pumpkin residue, forcing it against a number of fixed knife assemblies to crush (cut) the pumpkin residue.
カボチャ残渣に加えられる力は遠心力であることが好ましい。この場合、安定的に一定速度で一定サイズに細断できるという利点がある。 It is preferable that the force applied to the pumpkin residue is centrifugal force. In this case, the advantage is that the residue can be shredded stably and at a constant speed to a constant size.
図３～図５を参照して、遠心力を用いた粉砕工程に用いられる切断装置としては、例えば、円筒状の切断ヘッド１と、切断ヘッド１に同軸に取り付けられ、切断ヘッド１の軸を中心に、切断ヘッド１に対して所定の回転方向に回転するインペラ２とを備える切断装置を好適に用いることができる。なお、切断ヘッド１は回転せず固定されている。
Referring to Figures 3 to 5, a suitable cutting device for use in a crushing process using centrifugal force is, for example, a cutting device that includes a cylindrical cutting head 1 and an
切断ヘッド１は、例えば、環状の下部構造部材１１と、環状の上部構造部材１２と、下部構造部材１１と上部構造部材１２との間に、周方向に間隔をあけて配置された複数の支持セグメント１３と、複数の支持セグメント１３の間に上下方向に間隔をあけて配置された複数のナイフアセンブリ１４とを備える。
The cutting head 1 includes, for example, an annular lower
図４を参照して、このような切断装置を用いてカボチャ残渣を粉砕（切断）する方法の一例を説明する。例えば、切断ヘッド１内でインペラ２を回転させ、インペラ２にカボチャ残渣３を導入する。これにより、カボチャ残渣３がインペラ２の回転によって生じた遠心力により、複数のナイフアセンブリ１４および支持セグメント１３に押し付けられる。これにより、カボチャ残渣は、複数のナイフアセンブリ１４および支持セグメント１３によって粉砕（切断）されて、切断ヘッドを径方向に通過することで、切断ヘッド１の外側に排出される。このようにして、カボチャ残渣が粉砕される。
With reference to FIG. 4, an example of a method for crushing (cutting) pumpkin residue using such a cutting device will be described. For example, the
このような切断装置としては、例えば、コミトロール（登録商標）、特許第６０７７７１４号公報に開示される切断装置などが挙げられる。 Examples of such cutting devices include Comitrol (registered trademark) and the cutting device disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6077714.
このような切断装置を用いることで、粉砕物のサイズが適度に小さくなり、乾燥される粉砕物の表面積が大きくなる。これにより、後の乾燥工程を容易に実施することができ、例えば、短時間、低温などの条件で乾燥を実施することが可能となる。 By using such a cutting device, the size of the crushed material is appropriately reduced, and the surface area of the crushed material to be dried is increased. This makes it easier to carry out the subsequent drying process, and makes it possible to carry out drying under conditions such as a short time and low temperature.
ナイフアセンブリ（水平刃）の厚みＴ（図３参照）は、好ましくは１．２７～３．０５ｍｍであり、より好ましくは１．２７～２．５４ｍｍである。ナイフアセンブリの間隔Ｄ（図３参照）は、好ましくは２．００～３．００ｍｍであり、より好ましくは２．００～２．５０ｍｍである。この場合、カボチャ残渣中の種が粉砕され易くなり、上述の適度なサイズのカボチャ残渣の粉砕物を得ることができる。 The thickness T (see FIG. 3) of the knife assembly (horizontal blade) is preferably 1.27 to 3.05 mm, and more preferably 1.27 to 2.54 mm. The spacing D (see FIG. 3) of the knife assembly is preferably 2.00 to 3.00 mm, and more preferably 2.00 to 2.50 mm. In this case, the seeds in the pumpkin residue are easily crushed, and the above-mentioned crushed pumpkin residue of the appropriate size can be obtained.
切断装置のインペラの回転数は、好ましくは２１００～３５００ｒｐｍである。
切断装置の稼動時間は、切断装置の処理能力と飼料の製造量に応じて決定される。
The rotation speed of the impeller of the cutting device is preferably 2100 to 3500 rpm.
The operating time of the cutting device is determined according to the processing capacity of the cutting device and the amount of feed produced.
粉砕工程で用いることのできる他の切断装置としては、例えば、パルパーフィニッシャー、電動ミル、コロイドミル、フードプロセッサー、ロータリーカッターミル、ミクロマイスターなどが挙げられる。なお、カボチャ残渣中の種を粉砕することができる切断装置を用いることが好ましい。 Other cutting devices that can be used in the crushing process include, for example, a pulper finisher, an electric mill, a colloid mill, a food processor, a rotary cutter mill, and a micromeister. It is preferable to use a cutting device that can crush the seeds in the pumpkin residue.
（乾燥工程）
乾燥工程において、真空乾燥（vacuum drying）とは、真空または減圧下での乾燥方法を意味する。気圧が下がると水蒸気分圧が下がり、水分の沸点が低下し蒸発速度が加速される。
(Drying process)
In the drying process, vacuum drying refers to a method of drying under vacuum or reduced pressure. When the air pressure decreases, the partial pressure of water vapor decreases, lowering the boiling point of water and accelerating the evaporation rate.
真空乾燥の際の圧力は、好ましくは０．０９８６気圧（１０ｋＰａ）以下であり、より好ましくは０．０２９６～０．０５９気圧（３～６ｋＰａ）である。 The pressure during vacuum drying is preferably 0.0986 atmospheres (10 kPa) or less, and more preferably 0.0296 to 0.059 atmospheres (3 to 6 kPa).
乾燥工程（真空乾燥）の温度は、好ましくは９０℃以下であり、より好ましくは８５℃以下であり、さらに好ましくは８０℃以下である。このような温度で乾燥工程を実施することで、カボチャ残渣の粉砕物の凝集を抑制することができる。また、β－カロテンの分解を抑制することができる。 The temperature of the drying process (vacuum drying) is preferably 90°C or less, more preferably 85°C or less, and even more preferably 80°C or less. By carrying out the drying process at such a temperature, aggregation of the ground pumpkin residue can be suppressed. In addition, decomposition of β-carotene can be suppressed.
このような乾燥工程を実施することで、加工飼料の固形分率を上述の適切な範囲に調整することができる。 By carrying out such a drying process, the solid content of the processed feed can be adjusted to the appropriate range described above.
（他の工程）
本実施形態の製造方法は、上記の粉砕工程および乾燥工程以外の工程を含んでいてもよい。粉砕工程および乾燥工程以外の工程としては、例えば、殺菌処理、冷却処理などが挙げられる。
(Other processes)
The manufacturing method of this embodiment may include steps other than the above-mentioned pulverization step and drying step. Examples of steps other than the pulverization step and drying step include a sterilization treatment and a cooling treatment.
ただし、カボチャ残渣の粉砕物等に対して乾燥前に脱水を実施する工程は含まないことが好ましい。これは、脱水によって搾取される水分および油分中にβ－カロテンが含まれているため、最終的に得られる加工飼料中に含まれるβ－カロテンの量が減少するからである。 However, it is preferable not to include a step of dehydrating the crushed pumpkin residue before drying. This is because the water and oil extracted by the dehydration process contain β-carotene, and the amount of β-carotene contained in the final processed feed will decrease.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these.
〔実施例１〕
原料としては、食品加工工場等の生産ラインから排出された３６０．０ｋｇのカボチャ残渣（えびす、ケント、蔵の匠、味平、栗ゆたか等の複数の品種のカボチャ残渣を用意した。カボチャ残渣の大きさは不揃いであり２０ｍｍ～１００ｍｍ角程度であった。なお、カボチャ残渣の含水率は８０．７質量％であった。
Example 1
As a raw material, 360.0 kg of pumpkin residue (pumpkin residues of multiple varieties such as Ebisu, Kent, Kura no Takumi, Ajihei, and Kuriyutaka) discharged from a production line of a food processing factory or the like was prepared. The pumpkin residues were of irregular sizes, ranging from about 20 mm to 100 mm square. The moisture content of the pumpkin residues was 80.7% by mass.
上記のカボチャ残渣を切断装置（ＵＲＣＨＥＬ社製、「コミトロール（登録商標）１７００」）に投入し、切断装置を３０００ｒｐｍで６０分間稼動させることにより、カボチャ残渣を１～５ｍｍ角程度のサイズまで粉砕（切断）して、粉砕物を得た。尚、種も粉砕されていた。
「コミトロール（登録商標）１７００」において、切断ヘッドの水平刃の厚みは１．２７ｍｍであり、水平刃の間隔は２０．３ｍｍである。また、「コミトロール１７００」の処理能力は、２．０トン／時間（処理速度に合わせて原料を安定継続投入できた場合）である。
なお、切断装置の投入口の大きさ（９５ｍｍ角）を超えるサイズのカボチャ残渣については、５０～６０ｍｍのサイズに細断してから切断装置に投入した。
The pumpkin residue was fed into a cutting machine (manufactured by URCHEL, "Comitrol (registered trademark) 1700") and the cutting machine was operated at 3000 rpm for 60 minutes to crush (cut) the pumpkin residue into pieces of about 1 to 5 mm square, thereby obtaining a crushed product. The seeds were also crushed.
In the "Comitrol (registered trademark) 1700", the thickness of the horizontal blade of the cutting head is 1.27 mm, and the distance between the horizontal blades is 20.3 mm. The processing capacity of the "Comitrol 1700" is 2.0 tons/hour (when the raw material can be steadily and continuously fed in accordance with the processing speed).
In addition, pumpkin residues whose size exceeded the size of the inlet of the cutting device (95 mm square) were chopped into pieces of 50 to 60 mm in size before being fed into the cutting device.
上記の粉砕工程によって得られた粉砕物を真空乾燥機を用いて乾燥させた。真空乾燥機の本体内部の温度は８５℃とした。真空乾燥機は、攪拌速度５ｒｐｍ、絶対圧８．０～１０．０ｋＰａにて１６時間稼動させた。
このようにして粉砕物を乾燥することにより、カボチャ残渣の加工飼料（収量：１０１．０ｋｇ、含水率：１０．８質量％、粒度：１～５ｍｍ）を得た。
The ground material obtained by the above grinding process was dried using a vacuum dryer. The temperature inside the main body of the vacuum dryer was set to 85° C. The vacuum dryer was operated for 16 hours at a stirring speed of 5 rpm and an absolute pressure of 8.0 to 10.0 kPa.
The ground material was dried in this manner to obtain a processed feed made from pumpkin residue (yield: 101.0 kg, moisture content: 10.8% by mass, particle size: 1 to 5 mm).
〔比較例１〕
粉砕工程によって得られた粉砕物に対して、乾燥前に脱水を実施し、水分等を搾取した後の粉砕物に対して乾燥を実施した。それ以外の点は、実施例１と同様にして、カボチャ残渣の加工飼料を製造した。
Comparative Example 1
The crushed material obtained by the crushing process was dehydrated before drying, and the crushed material after the moisture and the like were squeezed out was dried. In other respects, the processed feed from pumpkin residue was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
＜β－カロテン量の測定＞
実施例１および比較例１で得られたカボチャ残渣飼料について、高速液体クロマトグラフィ（ＨＰＬＣ）を用いてβ－カロテン量を測定した。
<Measurement of β-carotene content>
The pumpkin residue feeds obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were measured for the amount of β-carotene by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
測定の結果、実施例１の加工飼料中のβ－カロテン含有率は７８４００（ＩＵ／ｋｇ）であった。
比較例１の加工飼料中のβ－カロテン含有率は６７９８１（ＩＵ／ｋｇ）であった。
As a result of the measurement, the β-carotene content in the processed feed of Example 1 was 78,400 (IU/kg).
The β-carotene content in the processed feed of Comparative Example 1 was 67,981 (IU/kg).
上記の測定結果から、乾燥前に脱水を行わずに製造された実施例１の加工飼料においては、比較例１の加工飼料よりも多くのβ－カロテンが含まれていることが分かる。これは、比較例１の加工飼料においては、脱水によって搾取された水分および油分中にβ－カロテンが含まれていたためであると考えられる。 The above measurement results show that the processed feed of Example 1, which was produced without dehydration before drying, contains more β-carotene than the processed feed of Comparative Example 1. This is thought to be because the β-carotene in the processed feed of Comparative Example 1 is contained in the water and oil extracted by dehydration.
＜試験例１＞
子牛を検体として、実施例１の加工飼料を用いた給餌試験を実施した。
子牛は、黒毛和種（肉用牛）の子牛を対象とした。
投与群として、出生後２～３カ月齢の計４頭の子牛に、２２日間（２０１９年６月１２日～７月３日）実施例１のカボチャ残渣の加工飼料を投与（給餌）した。なお、加工飼料（１００ｇ／ｄａｙ）を従来の餌（子牛用配合飼料：成分としては、とうもろこし、小麦、大麦、マイロ、米ぬか、なたね油かす、大豆油かすなどの混合物。）の上に振りかけることにより、子牛に加工飼料を与えた。
対照群として、別の出生後２～３カ月齢の計４頭の子牛について、カボチャ残渣の加工飼料の投与を行わずに飼育した。なお、対照群での従来の餌の給餌量は、投与群とほぼ同量となるように調整した。
なお、７月４日以降は投与群および対照群の両方において、カボチャ残渣の加工飼料を含まない従来の餌のみを与えた。
<Test Example 1>
A feeding test using the processed feed of Example 1 was carried out on calves as subjects.
The calves studied were Japanese black cattle (beef cattle).
A total of four calves aged 2-3 months after birth were administered (fed) the processed pumpkin residue feed of Example 1 for 22 days (June 12 to July 3, 2019) as the treatment group. The processed feed was given to the calves by sprinkling the processed feed (100 g/day) on top of the conventional feed (calf compound feed: a mixture of ingredients such as corn, wheat, barley, milo, rice bran, rapeseed oil cake, and soybean oil cake).
As a control group, four calves aged 2-3 months were raised without the pumpkin residue processed feed. The amount of conventional feed given to the control group was adjusted to be approximately the same as that of the treated group.
After July 4th, both the treatment group and the control group were fed only the conventional diet that did not contain the processed pumpkin residue feed.
子牛の出生時（４月７日～５月２０の検体毎の出生日）、投与終了時（７月３日）、および、投与後（投与終了から７９日経過後の９月２０日）における体重の測定値を表１に示す。なお、出生時の子牛群に有意な体重の差はなかった。
また、投与前（６月１１日）および投与終了時（７月３日）における血中β－カロテン濃度の液体クロマトグラフィによる測定結果等を表１に示す。
The body weights of the calves at birth (birth date for each sample between April 7th and May 20th), at the end of administration (July 3rd), and after administration (September 20th, 79 days after the end of administration) are shown in Table 1. There was no significant difference in body weight between the calf groups at birth.
Table 1 also shows the results of measurement by liquid chromatography of blood β-carotene concentrations before administration (June 11) and at the end of administration (July 3).
表１に示される結果から、実施例１のカボチャ残渣の加工飼料を与えた投与群の子牛については、加工飼料を与えなかった対照群に比べて、出生時に対する投与終了時の体重増加量が有意に多いことが確認された（図１参照）。なお、テューキーウェルシュ法により有意差検定を実施し、５％水準において有意差があることが確認された。
また、カボチャ残渣の加工飼料の投与を終了してから７９日間飼育後においても、投与群と対照群との間で有意な体重差が維持されていることが確認された（図２参照）。なお、テューキーウェルシュ法により有意差検定を実施し、５％水準において有意差があることが確認された。
これらの結果から、一定期間、子牛にカボチャ残渣の加工飼料を与えると、子牛の体重の増加量（成長速度）が向上する効果が期待される。これは、加工飼料に豊富に含まれるβ－カロテンの免疫機能向上作用により、風邪や肺炎といった疾病が防がれ、健康維持や成長促進に繋がったからであると考えられる。さらに、加工飼料の投与終了後も体重増加量の向上効果が維持されることが期待される。
From the results shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that the calves in the treatment group fed the processed feed of pumpkin residue in Example 1 had a significantly higher weight gain at the end of treatment compared to the weight gain at birth compared to the weight gain at the end of treatment compared to the weight at birth compared to the weight at the end of treatment ...
In addition, it was confirmed that a significant difference in body weight was maintained between the treated group and the control group even after 79 days of rearing after the end of feeding the pumpkin residue-processed feed (see Figure 2). A significance test was performed using the Tukey-Welsh test, and it was confirmed that there was a significant difference at the 5% level.
From these results, it is expected that feeding calves processed feed made from pumpkin residue for a certain period of time will have the effect of improving the calf's weight gain (growth rate). This is thought to be because the immune function-improving effect of the beta-carotene, which is abundant in the processed feed, prevents illnesses such as colds and pneumonia, leading to the maintenance of health and the promotion of growth. Furthermore, it is expected that the effect of improving weight gain will be maintained even after the administration of the processed feed has ended.
＜試験例２＞
成牛を検体として、実施例１の加工飼料を用いた給餌試験を実施した。
成牛は、黒毛和種（肉用牛）の成牛を対象とした。
投与群として、計７頭の成牛に、３４日間（２０１９年５月２４日～６月２８日）の実施例１のカボチャ残渣の加工飼料を投与（給餌）した。なお、加工飼料（５００ｇ／ｄａｙ）を従来の餌（サイレージ飼料）とは別にそれだけの状態で、成牛に加工飼料を与えた。
対照群として、別の計６頭の成牛について、カボチャ残渣の加工飼料の投与を行わずに飼育した。なお、対照群での従来の餌の給餌量は、投与群とほぼ同量となるように調整した。
<Test Example 2>
A feeding test using the processed feed of Example 1 was carried out on adult cattle as specimens.
The adult cattle studied were Japanese black cattle (beef cattle).
As the administration group, a total of seven adult cattle were administered (fed) the processed feed of pumpkin residue of Example 1 for 34 days (May 24 to June 28, 2019). The processed feed (500 g/day) was given to the adult cattle in its only form, separate from the conventional feed (silage feed).
As a control group, six adult cows were raised without feeding the pumpkin residue processed feed. The amount of conventional feed given to the control group was adjusted to be approximately the same as that of the treatment group.
投与前（５月２４日）および投与終了時（６月２８日）における血中β－カロテン濃度の液体クロマトグラフィによる測定結果等を表２に示す。 Table 2 shows the results of liquid chromatography measurements of blood β-carotene concentrations before administration (May 24th) and at the end of administration (June 28th).
表２に示される結果から、実施例１のカボチャ残渣の加工飼料を与えた投与群の成牛については、加工飼料を与えなかった対照群に比べて、投与前に対する投与終了時の血中β－カロテン濃度の増加量が増加する傾向が見られた。
この結果から、成牛に対しても、一定期間、カボチャ残渣の加工飼料を与えると、牛の血中β－カロテン濃度が上昇し、その疾病予防や繁殖機能を向上する効果が期待される。
From the results shown in Table 2, it was observed that the adult cattle in the treatment group that were fed the processed feed made from pumpkin residues in Example 1 tended to have a greater increase in blood β-carotene concentration at the end of treatment compared to before treatment, compared to the control group that were not fed the processed feed.
These results suggest that feeding adult cows processed feed made from pumpkin residue for a certain period of time will increase the beta-carotene concentration in their blood, which is expected to have the effect of preventing disease and improving their reproductive function.
今回開示された実施の形態および実施例はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。 The embodiments and examples disclosed herein should be considered to be illustrative and not restrictive in all respects. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims rather than the above description, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims.
１ 切断ヘッド、１１ 下部構造部材、１２ 上部構造部材、１３ 支持セグメント、１４ ナイフアセンブリ、２ インペラ、３ カボチャ残渣。 1 cutting head, 11 lower structural member, 12 upper structural member, 13 support segment, 14 knife assembly, 2 impeller, 3 pumpkin residue.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011045251A (en) | 2009-08-25 | 2011-03-10 | Osaka Prefecture | Lactic acid fermented feed and method for producing the same |
| JP5584640B2 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2014-09-03 | Ｆｓｋ三昭株式会社 | Production method and production apparatus for livestock feed |
| JP2016192917A (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-17 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Ruminant feed |
| JP2017501996A (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2017-01-19 | ヘルス−エバー バイオテック カンパニー リミテッド | Carotenoid pharmaceutical composition |
| WO2019036143A1 (en) | 2017-08-14 | 2019-02-21 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Use of inoculants and enzymes to increase nutrient release in animal diets |
Family Cites Families (1)
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| JPH07118A (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1995-01-06 | Kyokuto Internatl Corp | Pellet-like feed |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011045251A (en) | 2009-08-25 | 2011-03-10 | Osaka Prefecture | Lactic acid fermented feed and method for producing the same |
| JP5584640B2 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2014-09-03 | Ｆｓｋ三昭株式会社 | Production method and production apparatus for livestock feed |
| JP2017501996A (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2017-01-19 | ヘルス−エバー バイオテック カンパニー リミテッド | Carotenoid pharmaceutical composition |
| JP2016192917A (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-17 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Ruminant feed |
| WO2019036143A1 (en) | 2017-08-14 | 2019-02-21 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Use of inoculants and enzymes to increase nutrient release in animal diets |
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