JP7442563B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP7442563B2 JP7442563B2 JP2022055053A JP2022055053A JP7442563B2 JP 7442563 B2 JP7442563 B2 JP 7442563B2 JP 2022055053 A JP2022055053 A JP 2022055053A JP 2022055053 A JP2022055053 A JP 2022055053A JP 7442563 B2 JP7442563 B2 JP 7442563B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 123
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 47
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003936 working memory Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0053—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04671—Failure or abnormal function of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04932—Power, energy, capacity or load of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Description
図1は、本発明に係る燃料電池システム10の概略構成図である。燃料電池システム10は、車両に設けられる。なお、燃料電池システム10は、車両以外の移動体(船舶、航空機等)、産業機械等にも使用可能である。燃料電池システム10は、エネルギの効率化に寄与する。
図2は、起動処理の手順を示すフローチャートである。制御装置64は、車両の起動時に、図2で示される起動処理を行う。ユーザは、例えば、ブレーキペダルの踏み込み操作とスタート/ストップボタンの操作とを同時に行うことによって、車両を起動させる。制御装置64は、車両が停止している状態で、ブレーキペダルの踏み込み操作とスタート/ストップボタンの操作とを検出する場合に、図2で示される起動処理を開始する。
図3は、条件確認処理の手順を示すフローチャートである。FC制御部68は、図2で示される起動処理のステップS2において、図3で示される条件確認処理を実行する。図3では、FC制御部68が確認する所定条件として、3つの条件(ステップS22、ステップS23、ステップS24)が示される。FC制御部68は、このうちの1つのみを確認してもよい。また、FC制御部68は、所定条件として、他の条件を確認してもよい。
[4-1 処理例1]
図4は、冷媒温度が高い場合に行われる処理の一例を示すタイムチャートである。図2及び図4を用いて、車両の起動時に行われる一部処理を時間経過とともに説明する。具体的には、図2のステップS1~ステップS6、ステップS10の処理を時間経過とともに説明する。
図5は、冷媒温度が低い場合に行われる処理の一例を示すタイムチャートである。図2及び図5を用いて、車両の起動時に行われる一部処理を時間経過とともに説明する。具体的には、図2のステップS1~ステップS3、ステップS7~ステップS9の処理を時間経過とともに説明する。
燃料電池12の温度の低下に伴い、冷媒温度は低下する。図4の時点t4で示されるように、冷媒温度が閾値以下に低下した場合に、FC制御部68は、バッテリ走行モードを解除し、燃料電池12の発電制御を行ってもよい。
上記実施形態から把握しうる発明について、以下に記載する。
24…ガスタンク(ガス容器) 26…供給流路(流路)
36…タンク弁(電磁弁) 50…温度センサ(温度取得装置)
52…モータ(電力供給対象物) 56…バッテリ(二次電池) 64…制御装置
Claims (5)
- 電力供給対象物の動力源として使用される燃料電池及び二次電池と、
前記電力供給対象物の駆動を制御する制御装置と、
を備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池の温度を取得する温度取得装置を更に備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記燃料電池の起動に要する所定条件が満たされるか否かを判定し、
少なくとも、前記温度が所定値以下である場合に、前記所定条件が満たされないと判定し、
前記所定条件が満たされる場合に、前記二次電池のみを用いて前記電力供給対象物を駆動可能とする電池駆動モードを許可し、
前記所定条件が満たされない場合に、前記電池駆動モードを許可しない、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池に供給される燃料ガスを貯蔵するガス容器と、
前記ガス容器と前記燃料電池との間に位置する流路の開閉状態を調整する電磁弁と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記所定条件が満たされる場合に、前記電磁弁に開弁を指示し、前記電磁弁の開弁が完了する前に、前記電池駆動モードを許可する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御装置は、前記燃料電池の起動時間が所定時間以下となる場合に、前記所定条件が満たされると判定する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御装置は、
前記電力供給対象物が動作していない状況で前記燃料電池のメンテナンス制御を実行するとともに、制御履歴を記録し、
前記電力供給対象物が動作していない状況で前記燃料電池の動作停止から起動する場合であって、且つ、前記制御履歴に失敗履歴がある場合に、前記所定条件が満たされないと判定する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御装置は、前記電池駆動モードを許可した後に、前記燃料電池の発電要求を取得した場合に、前記電池駆動モードを解除するとともに、前記燃料電池の発電を制御する、
燃料電池システム。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2022055053A JP7442563B2 (ja) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | 燃料電池システム |
US18/125,342 US20230311714A1 (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-23 | Fuel cell system |
CN202310309300.7A CN116895800A (zh) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-27 | 燃料电池*** |
JP2024023356A JP2024056957A (ja) | 2022-03-30 | 2024-02-20 | 燃料電池システム |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2022055053A JP7442563B2 (ja) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP2024023356A Division JP2024056957A (ja) | 2022-03-30 | 2024-02-20 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP2023147515A JP2023147515A (ja) | 2023-10-13 |
JP7442563B2 true JP7442563B2 (ja) | 2024-03-04 |
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JP2022055053A Active JP7442563B2 (ja) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2024023356A Pending JP2024056957A (ja) | 2022-03-30 | 2024-02-20 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP2005073475A (ja) | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池搭載車両の制御装置 |
JP2009259518A (ja) | 2008-04-15 | 2009-11-05 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システムの起動方法および燃料電池システム |
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JP2005073475A (ja) | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池搭載車両の制御装置 |
JP2009259518A (ja) | 2008-04-15 | 2009-11-05 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システムの起動方法および燃料電池システム |
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US20230311714A1 (en) | 2023-10-05 |
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