JP7412055B2 - Charging control circuit - Google Patents

Charging control circuit Download PDF

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JP7412055B2
JP7412055B2 JP2023529346A JP2023529346A JP7412055B2 JP 7412055 B2 JP7412055 B2 JP 7412055B2 JP 2023529346 A JP2023529346 A JP 2023529346A JP 2023529346 A JP2023529346 A JP 2023529346A JP 7412055 B2 JP7412055 B2 JP 7412055B2
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charging
battery
current
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battery module
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JPWO2022269833A1 (en
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和征 榊原
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Description

本発明は、充電制御回路に関する。 The present invention relates to a charging control circuit.

近年、地球環境への配慮から、内燃機関すなわちエンジンで駆動するエンジン駆動式自動車がモータで駆動する電気自動車に置き換わりつつある。特に、モータを駆動するための電池電源にエネルギー密度の高いリチウムイオン二次電池が多く使用されている。 In recent years, out of consideration for the global environment, engine-driven vehicles driven by internal combustion engines, ie, engines, are being replaced by electric vehicles driven by motors. In particular, lithium ion secondary batteries with high energy density are often used as battery power sources for driving motors.

特開2017-225241号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-225241

多数のリチウムイオン二次電池セルを収容する複数個の電池モジュールを搭載する気自動車の充電制御回路において、過充電防止の対策を施すことが重要な課題である。 It is an important issue to take measures to prevent overcharging in charging control circuits for electric vehicles equipped with a plurality of battery modules that accommodate a large number of lithium ion secondary battery cells.

本発明はこのような背景を鑑みてなされたものであり、安全に充電することができる技術を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of this background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technology that allows safe charging.

上記課題を解決するための本発明の主たる発明は、充電制御回路であって、充電回路と、前記充電回路に接続される複数の電池モジュールと、を備え、前記電池モジュールは、電池セルと、前記電池セルへの充電電流を可逆的に通電または遮断する第１通電遮断素子と、前記電池セルへの前記充電電流を不可逆的に通電または遮断する第２通電遮断素子と、を備え、前記電池モジュールのうちの少なくとも１つが過充電になった場合に、過充電となった前記電池モジュールの前記第１通電遮断素子を用いて前記充電電流を遮断し、前記第１通電遮断素子による遮断に失敗した場合、全ての前記電池モジュールの前記第２通電遮断素子を用いて充電電流を遮断する。 The main invention of the present invention for solving the above problems is a charging control circuit, comprising a charging circuit and a plurality of battery modules connected to the charging circuit, the battery module including a battery cell, A first energization cutoff element that reversibly passes or cuts off the charging current to the battery cell; and a second energization cutoff element that irreversibly passes or cuts off the charging current to the battery cell; When at least one of the modules is overcharged, the charging current is interrupted using the first energization cutoff element of the overcharged battery module, and the first energization cutoff element fails to interrupt the charging current. In this case, the second current cutoff elements of all the battery modules are used to cut off the charging current.

その他本願が開示する課題やその解決方法については、発明の実施形態の欄及び図面により明らかにされる。 Other problems disclosed in the present application and methods for solving the problems will be made clear by the section of the embodiments of the invention and the drawings.

本発明によれば、安全に充電することができる。 According to the present invention, charging can be performed safely.

本実施形態に係る電池モジュール２の構成の概略を示す回路ブロック図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a battery module 2 according to the present embodiment. 本実施形態に係る充電放電制御回路１００の構成の概略を示す回路ブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a charging/discharging control circuit 100 according to the present embodiment. 本実施形態に係る電池モジュール３の構成の概略を示す回路ブロック図である。1 is a circuit block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a battery module 3 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 本実施形態に係る放電制御回路１０３の構成の概略を示す回路ブロック図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a discharge control circuit 103 according to the present embodiment. 本実施形態に係る放電制御回路１０３のメインコントローラ９の制御の概略を示すフローチャート図である。It is a flowchart figure showing the outline of control of main controller 9 of discharge control circuit 103 concerning this embodiment.

図１に示すように、電池モジュール２は、複数のリチウムイオン二次電池セルが直列接続された高電圧定格の電池セル群１Ｈを、その電池セル群１Ｈへの充電電流入力を可逆的に入力または停止する通電遮断素子としての半導体通電遮断素子ＦＥＴ４を介して端子５に接続する。モジュールコントローラすなわち一次保護ＩＣ４は、前記電池セル群１Ｈの電圧、または、前記電池セル群１Ｈの電流、すなわち、シャント抵抗６の両端に現れる電圧を検知して、その検知結果に応じてＦＥＴ４をオンまたはオフに操作し端子５からの充電電流入力の入力または停止を制御する。 As shown in FIG. 1, the battery module 2 reversibly inputs a charging current input to a high voltage rated battery cell group 1H in which a plurality of lithium ion secondary battery cells are connected in series. Alternatively, it is connected to the terminal 5 via a semiconductor current cutoff element FET4 as a current cutoff element to be stopped. The module controller, that is, the primary protection IC 4 detects the voltage of the battery cell group 1H or the current of the battery cell group 1H, that is, the voltage appearing across the shunt resistor 6, and turns on the FET 4 according to the detection result. Alternatively, it is turned off to control input or stop of charging current input from terminal 5.

図２に示すように、充電制御回路１００は、複数の電池モジュール２を直列接続して電池モジュール２群を構成し、前記電池モジュール２群を充電回路１１へ接続する。充電回路１１は電源入力ケーブル１０を商用電源に接続して交流電圧を入力し所望の直流電圧へ変換し電池モジュール２群へ前記直流電圧を印加しその電池モジュール２群へ充電電流を入力して前記電池モジュール２内の電池セル群１Ｈを充電する。 As shown in FIG. 2, the charging control circuit 100 connects a plurality of battery modules 2 in series to form two groups of battery modules, and connects the two groups of battery modules to the charging circuit 11. The charging circuit 11 connects the power input cable 10 to a commercial power supply, inputs an AC voltage, converts it to a desired DC voltage, applies the DC voltage to two groups of battery modules, and inputs a charging current to the two groups of battery modules. The battery cell group 1H in the battery module 2 is charged.

図３に示すように、電池モジュール３は、複数のリチウムイオン二次電池セルが直列接続された高電圧定格の電池セル群１Ｈを、その電池セル群１Ｈへの充電電流入力を可逆的に入力または停止する第１通電遮断素子としての半導体通電遮断素子ＦＥＴ６、および、不可逆的に入力または遮断する第２通電遮断素子としての自己溶断型ヒューズＳＣＰ７を直列に介して端子８に接続する。モジュールコントローラすなわち一次保護ＩＣ４は、前記電池セル群１Ｈの電圧、または、前記電池セル群１Ｈの電流、すなわち、シャント抵抗６の両端に現れる電圧を検知して、その検知結果に応じてＦＥＴ６をオンまたはオフに操作し端子８からの充電電流入力の入力または停止を制御する。また、二次保護ＩＣ５は前記一次保護ＩＣ４と独立に駆動し、前記電池セル群１Ｈの電圧を検知して、その検知結果、または、一次保護ＩＣ４からの指示信号９に応じてＦＥＴ１０をオンに操作してＳＣＰ７内のヒータを通電加熱して前記ＳＣＰ７内のヒューズエレメントを自己溶断し不可逆的に充電電流を遮断する。前記二次保護ＩＣ５におけるＳＣＰ７による充電電流遮断のトリガとなる電圧閾値は一次保護ＩＣ４によるＦＥＴ６による充電電流遮断のトリガとなる電圧閾値より高い値に設定し、過充電を二重に保護する仕組みが成立する。特に、不可逆的に通電を遮断するＳＣＰ７を有する電池モジュール３を複数個直列接続するため、前記一次保護としての過充電遮断の失敗に伴うＦＥＴ６の再通電により充電が再開されてさらに過充電されることがなく高い信頼性を確保できる。なお、前記電圧検出対象は、電池セル群１Ｈ、または、前記電池セル群１Ｈの内の少なくとも１個の電池セルのいずれでも良い。 As shown in FIG. 3, the battery module 3 reversibly inputs a charging current input to a high voltage rated battery cell group 1H in which a plurality of lithium ion secondary battery cells are connected in series. Alternatively, a semiconductor current cutoff element FET6 as a first current cutoff element to be stopped and a self-fusing fuse SCP7 as a second current cutoff element to irreversibly input or cut off are connected to the terminal 8 through series. The module controller, that is, the primary protection IC 4 detects the voltage of the battery cell group 1H or the current of the battery cell group 1H, that is, the voltage appearing across the shunt resistor 6, and turns on the FET 6 according to the detection result. Or, it is turned off to control the input or stop of the charging current input from the terminal 8. Further, the secondary protection IC 5 is driven independently of the primary protection IC 4, detects the voltage of the battery cell group 1H, and turns on the FET 10 in accordance with the detection result or the instruction signal 9 from the primary protection IC 4. The heater in the SCP 7 is operated to heat the heater in the SCP 7 by self-melting the fuse element in the SCP 7, thereby irreversibly cutting off the charging current. The voltage threshold that triggers the SCP 7 to cut off the charging current in the secondary protection IC 5 is set to a higher value than the voltage threshold that triggers the FET 6 to cut off the charging current in the primary protection IC 4, thereby providing a double protection mechanism against overcharging. To establish. In particular, since a plurality of battery modules 3 having SCPs 7 that irreversibly cut off current are connected in series, charging is restarted by reenergizing the FET 6 due to failure of overcharge cutoff as the primary protection, and further overcharging occurs. High reliability can be ensured without any problems. Note that the voltage detection target may be either the battery cell group 1H or at least one battery cell in the battery cell group 1H.

図４に示すように、充電放電制御回路１０３は、複数の電池モジュール３を直列接続して電池モジュール３群を構成し、前記電池モジュール３群を充電回路１１へ接続する。充電回路１１は商電源入力ケーブル１０を商用電源に接続して前記商用電源の交流電圧を入力し所望の直流電圧へ変換し電池モジュール２群へ前記直流電圧を印加し前記電池モジュール３群へ充電電流を入力して電池モジュール３内の電池セル群１Ｈを充電する。メインコントローラ９は後述のフローチャート図に従って制御を行い過充電に対する二重保護を実現する。 As shown in FIG. 4, the charging/discharging control circuit 103 connects a plurality of battery modules 3 in series to form a battery module 3 group, and connects the battery module 3 group to the charging circuit 11. The charging circuit 11 connects the commercial power input cable 10 to a commercial power source, inputs the AC voltage of the commercial power source, converts it to a desired DC voltage, applies the DC voltage to the second group of battery modules, and charges the third group of battery modules. A current is input to charge the battery cell group 1H in the battery module 3. The main controller 9 performs control according to a flow chart described later to realize double protection against overcharging.

前記充電回路１０３のメインコントローラ９の制御について、次に、図５のフローチャート図を用いて説明する。 Next, the control of the main controller 9 of the charging circuit 103 will be explained using the flowchart of FIG.

充電制御回路１０３のメインコントローラ１２は、Ｓｔｅｐ１にて、通信信号４を用いて電池モジュール３群と通信を行い前記電池モジュール３群の内、少なくとも１個の電池モジュール３内の電池セル群１Ｈの電圧が所定電圧１を超えたか否かを検知する。電池セル群１Ｈの電圧が所定電圧１を超えたと判定すると、Ｓｔｅｐ２へ移行し、全ての前記電池モジュール３へＦＥＴ６をオフに操作するように指示し全ての電池モジュール群の充電電流の通電を停止する。メインコントローラ９は、Ｓｔｅｐ３にて、通信信号４を用いて電池モジュール３群と通信を行い前記電池モジュール３群の内、少なくとも１個の電池モジュール３内の電池セル群１Ｈの電圧が所定電圧１よりも高い所定電圧２を超えたか否かを検知する。前記電池セル群１Ｈの電圧が所定電圧２を超えたと判定すると、Ｓｔｅｐ４へ移行し、全ての前記電池モジュール３へＦＥＴ１０をオンに操作してＳＣＰ７を不可逆に遮断するように通信信号４を用いて指示し全ての前記電池モジュール３の充電電流の通電を遮断する。前述のＳｔｅｐ４に至る状態とは、電池モジュール３群の内の少なくとも１個の電池モジュール３の一次保護ＩＣ４がＳｔｅｐ１にて電池セル群１Ｈの過電圧の検知に失敗した状態、または、Ｓｔｅｐ２にて電池モジュール３群の内の全ての電池モジュール３のＦＥＴ６をオフに操作しても前記ＦＥＴ６のショート故障等により充電電流の遮断に失敗し充電が継続した状態のいずれかであり、前記Ｓｔｅｐ３ないしＳｔｅｐ４の制御は、前記Ｓｔｅｐ１ないしＳｔｅｐ２の過充電に対する一次保護の失敗を補う二重保護の役割を果たし、一般に、前記一次保護の失敗の発生確率が低いとは言え、万一発火した場合の被害は甚大であり、リスクアセスメント観点で有効な安全性を実現できる。特に、前記Ｓｔｅｐ３ないしＳｔｅｐ４におけるＳＣＰ７を不可逆的に遮断するための制御を、二次保護ＩＣ５がメインコントローラ９からの通信信号４による指示を前記電池モジュール３内で一次保護ＩＣ４および通信信号９を介して実行する制御、および、二次保護ＩＣ５自身の制御が独立して実行する制御を並列して実行すると一層高い信頼性を確保する目的で好適である。 In Step 1, the main controller 12 of the charging control circuit 103 communicates with the battery module 3 group using the communication signal 4, and controls the battery cell group 1H in at least one battery module 3 among the battery module 3 groups. It is detected whether the voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage 1 or not. When it is determined that the voltage of the battery cell group 1H exceeds the predetermined voltage 1, the process moves to Step 2, instructs all the battery modules 3 to turn off the FETs 6, and stops supplying the charging current to all battery module groups. do. In Step 3, the main controller 9 communicates with the 3 groups of battery modules using the communication signal 4 so that the voltage of the battery cell group 1H in at least one battery module 3 among the 3 groups of battery modules is a predetermined voltage 1. It is detected whether or not a predetermined voltage 2, which is higher than 2, has been exceeded. When it is determined that the voltage of the battery cell group 1H exceeds the predetermined voltage 2, the process proceeds to Step 4, in which the communication signal 4 is used to turn on the FET 10 of all the battery modules 3 and irreversibly cut off the SCP 7. Instructs to cut off the charging current to all the battery modules 3. The state leading to the above-mentioned Step 4 is a state in which the primary protection IC 4 of at least one battery module 3 among the 3 battery module groups fails to detect overvoltage of the battery cell group 1H in Step 1, or Even if the FETs 6 of all the battery modules 3 in the module 3 group are turned off, the charging current fails to cut off due to a short-circuit failure of the FET 6, etc., and charging continues. The control plays the role of double protection to compensate for the failure of the primary protection against overcharging in Step 1 or Step 2, and although the probability of failure of the primary protection is generally low, if a fire were to ignite, the damage would be severe. Therefore, effective safety can be achieved from a risk assessment perspective. In particular, the secondary protection IC 5 carries out the control for irreversibly shutting off the SCP 7 in Steps 3 and 4 by transmitting instructions from the main controller 9 via the communication signal 4 within the battery module 3 through the primary protection IC 4 and the communication signal 9. It is preferable to execute the control executed by the secondary protection IC 5 in parallel and the control executed independently by the control of the secondary protection IC 5 itself in order to ensure higher reliability.

これらによって、多数のリチウムイオン二次電池セルを搭載する気自動車の充電において、一部の回路故障も想定した過充電に対する二重保護を実現し安全性を向上できる。 With these features, it is possible to realize double protection against overcharging and improve safety when charging a car equipped with a large number of lithium-ion secondary battery cells, assuming that some circuits fail.

以上、本実施形態について説明したが、上記実施形態は本発明の理解を容易にするためのものであり、本発明を限定して解釈するためのものではない。本発明は、その趣旨を逸脱することなく、変更、改良され得ると共に、本発明にはその等価物も含まれる。 Although the present embodiment has been described above, the above embodiment is for facilitating understanding of the present invention, and is not for construing the present invention in a limited manner. The present invention may be modified and improved without departing from the spirit thereof, and the present invention also includes equivalents thereof.

２ 電池モジュール
３ 電池モジュール
９ メインコントローラ
１１ 充電回路
１００ 充電制御回路
１０３ 充電放電制御回路2 Battery module 3 Battery module 9 Main controller 11 Charging circuit 100 Charging control circuit 103 Charging and discharging control circuit

Claims (3)

充電回路と、
前記充電回路に接続される複数の電池モジュールと、を備え、
前記電池モジュールは、
電池セルと、
前記電池セルへの充電電流を可逆的に通電または遮断する第１通電遮断素子と、
前記電池セルへの前記充電電流を不可逆的に通電または遮断する第２通電遮断素子と、
を備え、
前記電池モジュールのうちの少なくとも１つが過充電になった場合に、過充電となった前記電池モジュールの前記第１通電遮断素子を用いて前記充電電流を遮断し、前記第１通電遮断素子による遮断に失敗した場合、全ての前記電池モジュールの前記第２通電遮断素子を用いて充電電流を遮断する充電制御回路。charging circuit;
A plurality of battery modules connected to the charging circuit,
The battery module includes:
battery cells;
a first energization interrupting element that reversibly supplies or interrupts charging current to the battery cell;
a second energization interrupting element that irreversibly supplies or interrupts the charging current to the battery cell;
Equipped with
When at least one of the battery modules becomes overcharged, the charging current is interrupted using the first energization cutoff element of the overcharged battery module, and the first energization cutoff element interrupts the charging current. A charging control circuit that cuts off the charging current using the second energization cutoff elements of all the battery modules when the battery module fails. 前記第２通電遮断素子による過充電遮断の電圧閾値は、前記第１通電遮断素子による過充電遮断の電圧閾値よりも高い請求項１に記載の充電制御回路。 The charging control circuit according to claim 1, wherein a voltage threshold for overcharge cutoff by the second current cutoff element is higher than a voltage threshold for overcharge cutoff by the first current cutoff element. 前記電池モジュールは、
前記第１通電遮断素子を制御する第１制御部と、
前記第２通電遮断素子を制御する第２制御部と、
を備え、
前記第２通電遮断素子の制御は、前記第２制御部および前記第１制御部により並列に実行する請求項１または２に記載の充電制御回路。The battery module includes:
a first control unit that controls the first current cutoff element;
a second control unit that controls the second current cutoff element;
Equipped with
The charging control circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second current cutoff element is controlled in parallel by the second control section and the first control section.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007280840A (en) 2006-04-10 2007-10-25 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Inspection circuit, battery pack, and battery pack unit
JP2008161029A (en) 2006-12-26 2008-07-10 Fdk Corp Electricity accumulation module and electricity accumulation system
WO2018151110A1 (en) 2017-02-14 2018-08-23 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 Power supply circuit

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6497257B2 (en) * 2014-09-03 2019-04-10 株式会社豊田自動織機 Power supply line interruption device and power supply line interruption method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007280840A (en) 2006-04-10 2007-10-25 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Inspection circuit, battery pack, and battery pack unit
JP2008161029A (en) 2006-12-26 2008-07-10 Fdk Corp Electricity accumulation module and electricity accumulation system
WO2018151110A1 (en) 2017-02-14 2018-08-23 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 Power supply circuit

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