JP7380572B2 - ガラス、合わせガラス - Google Patents
ガラス、合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7380572B2 JP7380572B2 JP2020546773A JP2020546773A JP7380572B2 JP 7380572 B2 JP7380572 B2 JP 7380572B2 JP 2020546773 A JP2020546773 A JP 2020546773A JP 2020546773 A JP2020546773 A JP 2020546773A JP 7380572 B2 JP7380572 B2 JP 7380572B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light control
- glass
- pair
- conductive thin
- control element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
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- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
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- B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
- B32B17/10504—Liquid crystal layer
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
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- B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
- B32B17/10513—Electrochromic layer
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Description
図1は、第1の実施の形態に係る車両用のフロントガラスを例示する図であり、図1(a)はフロントガラスを車室内から車室外に視認した様子を模式的に示した図である(フロントガラス20はZ方向を上方として車両に取り付けられた状態である)。図1(b)は、図1(a)に示すフロントガラス20をXZ方向に切ってY方向から視た断面図である。なお、図1(b)において、便宜上、フロントガラス20と共にデバイス300を図示しているが、デバイス300はフロントガラス20の構成要素ではない。
第1の実施の形態の変形例1では、加熱用バスバーのうち一方が調光用バスバーを兼ねる例を示す。なお、第1の実施の形態の変形例1において、既に説明した実施の形態と同一構成部についての説明は省略する場合がある。
第1の実施の形態の変形例2では、フロントガラスが合わせガラスではない例を示す。本実施態様は、サイドガラス、リアガラスとして好適であるが、本明細書ではフロントガラスとしての実施態様として説明する。なお、第1の実施の形態の変形例2において、既に説明した実施の形態と同一構成部についての説明は省略する場合がある。
[実施例1]
実施例1では、図2に示す調光素子25を備えた合わせガラスを作製した。具体的には、ガラス板21及び22として板厚2mmのクリアガラスを用い、サイズは150mm×150mmの平板とした。中間膜23としては、厚み0.38mmのPVBを用いた。
実施例2では、導電性薄膜252としてAg3を用いた。又、加熱用バスバー256と接続された導電性薄膜252の発熱量は1000[W/m2]とした。又、本構成における合わせガラスの調光素子25を封入した部分のエネルギー反射率は35[%]である。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。なお、Ag3とは、銀を含む3層の機能層と、機能層を挟むように積層される4層の亜鉛と錫とを主成分として含む酸化物の誘電体層とを交互にスパッタ法により積層した積層膜である。
実施例3では、導電性薄膜252としてAg2を用いた。又、加熱用バスバー256と接続された導電性薄膜252の発熱量は600[W/m2]とした。又、本構成における合わせガラスの調光素子25を封入した部分のエネルギー反射率は25[%]である。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。なお、Ag2とは、銀を含む2層の機能層と、機能層を挟むように積層される3層の亜鉛と錫とを主成分として含む酸化物の誘電体層とを交互にスパッタ法により積層した積層膜である。
実施例4では、調光素子25として、SPD-BはLCF-1103DHA(日立化成社製、厚さ90μm)と同様の構成とした。具体的には、導電性薄膜252としてITOをスパッタ法で形成した基材251と、導電性薄膜254としてITOをスパッタ法で形成した基材255を、導電性薄膜252及び254が調光層253を挟み込むように配置して調光素子25を作製した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
比較例1では、加熱用バスバーを設けなかった。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
比較例2では、図5に示すように、基材351上に熱線反射層352としてAg3を形成した熱線反射フィルム35を、中間膜23の調光素子25よりも車外側に封入した合わせガラスを作製した。又、本構成における合わせガラスの調光素子25を封入した部分のエネルギー反射率は35[%]である。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
比較例3では、加熱用バスバー256と接続された導電性薄膜252の発熱量を500[W/m2]とした。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
第1に、合わせガラスを-20℃の低温環境内に配置し、調光素子25の低温下における応答速度について評価した。ここで、応答速度とは、調光素子25において光透過モードと光吸収モードの透過率の差を100としたとき、光吸収モードから光透過モードへ変化する際に透過率が50%変化するのに要する時間である。応答速度が3秒未満であれば〇、3秒以上であれば×とした。
21 ガラス板
21a、22a、22b 面
22 ガラス板
23 中間膜
24 遮蔽層
25、25A 調光素子
26 情報送受信領域
27 接着層
251、255 基材
252、254 導電性薄膜
253 調光層
256 加熱用バスバー
257 調光用バスバー
Claims (16)
- 車両用のガラスであって、
ガラス板と、
前記ガラスに画定された透視領域と、
前記ガラス板の、平面視において、前記透視領域と重複する領域の少なくとも一部に配置された、光の透過率を切り替え可能な調光素子と、を有し、
前記調光素子は、
調光層と、
前記調光層を挟む一対の導電性薄膜と、
前記一対の導電性薄膜に通電して前記調光層を駆動する調光用バスバーと、
前記一対の導電性薄膜の少なくとも一方を加熱する一対の加熱用バスバーと、を含み、
前記一対の導電性薄膜のうち、少なくとも車外側に配置される導電性薄膜は熱線反射機能を有し、前記透視領域のエネルギー反射率が25%以上であるガラス。 - 車両用のガラスであって、
ガラス板と、
前記ガラスに画定された透視領域と、
前記ガラス板の、平面視において、前記透視領域と重複する領域の少なくとも一部に配置された、光の透過率を切り替え可能な調光素子と、を有し、
前記調光素子は、
調光層と、
前記調光層を挟む一対の導電性薄膜と、
前記一対の導電性薄膜に通電して前記調光層を駆動する調光用バスバーと、
前記一対の導電性薄膜の少なくとも一方を加熱する一対の加熱用バスバーと、を含み、
前記一対の導電性薄膜のうち、少なくとも車外側に配置される導電性薄膜は銀を含むガラス。 - 車両用のガラスであって、
ガラス板と、
前記ガラスに画定された透視領域と、
前記ガラス板の、平面視において、前記透視領域と重複する領域の少なくとも一部に配置された、光の透過率を切り替え可能な調光素子と、を有し、
前記調光素子は、
調光層と、
前記調光層を挟む一対の導電性薄膜と、
前記一対の導電性薄膜に通電して前記調光層を駆動する調光用バスバーと、
前記一対の導電性薄膜の少なくとも一方を加熱する一対の加熱用バスバーと、を含み、
前記一対の導電性薄膜のうち、少なくとも車外側に配置される導電性薄膜は、赤外線を反射する材料を含むn層(nは2以上の整数)の機能層と、前記機能層を挟むように積層されるn+1層の誘電体層と、を有するガラス。 - 車両用のガラスであって、
ガラス板と、
前記ガラスに画定された透視領域と、
前記ガラス板の、平面視において、前記透視領域と重複する領域の少なくとも一部に配置された、光の透過率を切り替え可能な調光素子と、を有し、
前記調光素子は、
調光層と、
前記調光層を挟む一対の導電性薄膜と、
前記一対の導電性薄膜に通電して前記調光層を駆動する調光用バスバーと、
前記一対の導電性薄膜の少なくとも一方を加熱する一対の加熱用バスバーと、を含み、
前記調光素子は、TN型液晶、VA型液晶、ゲストホスト型液晶、高分子分散型液晶、高分子ネットワーク型液晶、懸濁粒子デバイスの何れかであるガラス。 - 前記一対の導電性薄膜のうち、少なくとも車外側に配置される導電性薄膜は銀を含む請求項1に記載のガラス。
- 前記一対の導電性薄膜のうち、少なくとも車外側に配置される導電性薄膜は、赤外線を反射する材料を含むn層(nは2以上の整数)の機能層と、前記機能層を挟むように積層されるn+1層の誘電体層と、を有する請求項1、2、又は5に記載のガラス。
- 前記調光素子は、TN型液晶、VA型液晶、ゲストホスト型液晶、高分子分散型液晶、高分子ネットワーク型液晶、懸濁粒子デバイスの何れかである請求項1、2、3、5、又は6に記載のガラス。
- 前記透視領域は、車両内に搭載されるデバイスが情報を送信及び/又は受信する情報送受信領域である請求項1乃至7の何れか一項に記載のガラス。
- 前記調光素子は、光透過モード及び光吸収モードを有し、
前記光透過モードにおける前記調光素子を含む前記透視領域の最大の可視光透過率は50%以上である請求項1乃至8の何れか一項に記載のガラス。 - 前記調光素子は、非通電時に前記光透過モードとなる請求項9に記載のガラス。
- 前記一対の加熱用バスバーが対向して配置される請求項1乃至10の何れか一項に記載のガラス。
- 前記調光用バスバーは、一対の調光用バスバーを含み、
前記一対の調光用バスバーと前記一対の加熱用バスバーが独立している請求項1乃至11の何れか一項に記載のガラス。 - 前記一対の加熱用バスバーのうち一方が前記調光用バスバーを兼ねている請求項1乃至11の何れか一項に記載のガラス。
- 前記一対の加熱用バスバーにより加熱される前記導電性薄膜での発熱量は、600W/m2以上である請求項1乃至13の何れか一項に記載のガラス。
- 平面視において、前記調光用バスバーは、前記一対の加熱用バスバーの延在方向と直交する方向に延在している請求項1乃至14の何れか一項に記載のガラス。
- 請求項1乃至15の何れか一項に記載のガラスと、中間膜と、第2のガラス板と、を有し、前記ガラス板と前記第2のガラス板とが前記中間膜を挟んで接着された車両用の合わせガラスであって、
前記調光素子が前記中間膜に封入されている合わせガラス。
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