JP7361403B2 - Organic matter low temperature decomposition equipment - Google Patents
Organic matter low temperature decomposition equipment Download PDFInfo
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- JP7361403B2 JP7361403B2 JP2021126165A JP2021126165A JP7361403B2 JP 7361403 B2 JP7361403 B2 JP 7361403B2 JP 2021126165 A JP2021126165 A JP 2021126165A JP 2021126165 A JP2021126165 A JP 2021126165A JP 7361403 B2 JP7361403 B2 JP 7361403B2
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000001146 hypoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Description
本発明は、有機物低温分解装置に関し、特に、有機物を含む廃棄物を４００℃以下の温度で熱分解処理を行う有機物低温分解装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a low-temperature decomposition device for organic matter, and particularly to a low-temperature decomposition device for organic matter that thermally decomposes waste containing organic matter at a temperature of 400° C. or lower.
産業廃棄物や家庭用ゴミなどの有機物を含む廃棄物の処理方法として焼却処理が多用されている。焼却処理施設の多くは、４００℃を超える高温で焼却するためダイオキシンが発生することが重要な問題となっている。このような中で、特許文献１乃至４に示すように、４００℃以下の温度で熱分解処理を行う焼却装置が注目されている。 Incineration is often used as a method for treating waste containing organic matter such as industrial waste and household garbage. Since most incineration facilities incinerate at high temperatures exceeding 400°C, the generation of dioxins has become an important problem. Under these circumstances, as shown in Patent Documents 1 to 4, incinerators that perform thermal decomposition treatment at a temperature of 400° C. or lower are attracting attention.
特許文献１乃至４に共通するのは、廃棄物の燃焼時に供給する空気は、磁石等の磁気発生手段が形成する磁界を通過させていること、供給する空気量を制限して、低酸素状態の緩やかな燃焼を行うこと、その結果４００℃以下の低温状態の熱分解を実現していることである。 What Patent Documents 1 to 4 have in common is that the air supplied when burning waste is passed through a magnetic field formed by a magnetism generating means such as a magnet, and that the amount of supplied air is limited to prevent hypoxic conditions. As a result, thermal decomposition is achieved at a low temperature of 400°C or less.
磁気発生手段の効果として、特許文献１等では、空気中の酸素等が活性化し、小量の空気でも燃焼状態を継続的に維持することが予想されているが、現時点でもその詳細な科学的原理は未定である。本発明者においても、磁気発生手段の有無で燃焼結果に差が発生することを確認しており、４００℃以下の低温分解装置ではこの磁気発生手段は不可欠であると考えている。 As an effect of the magnetic generation means, it is predicted in Patent Document 1 etc. that oxygen etc. in the air will be activated and a combustion state will be maintained continuously even with a small amount of air, but at present there is no detailed scientific study. The principle is undetermined. The present inventor has also confirmed that there is a difference in combustion results depending on the presence or absence of a magnetism generating means, and believes that this magnetism generating means is indispensable in a low-temperature decomposition apparatus at temperatures below 400°C.
このような低温分解装置に特有の問題点として、４００℃以下の低温で熱処理するため、反応の立ち上げ時や反応動作が不安定化した場合には、廃棄物が分解する際に発生する気体は不完全燃焼状態で発生する。このため、燃焼空気が悪臭を発し、場合によっては人体に有害な成分を含む場合もある。このため、特許文献４では、１３００℃の高温で、この排ガスを別途処理することが提案されている。ただし、特許文献４では電気ヒータを用いた加熱であり、消費電力が大きくなるという別の不具合も生じることとなる。 A problem specific to such low-temperature decomposition equipment is that the heat treatment is performed at a low temperature of 400°C or less, so when the reaction starts up or if the reaction operation becomes unstable, the gas generated when the waste is decomposed may be released. occurs under incomplete combustion. As a result, the combustion air emits a foul odor and may even contain components harmful to the human body. For this reason, Patent Document 4 proposes separately treating this exhaust gas at a high temperature of 1300°C. However, in Patent Document 4, heating is performed using an electric heater, which causes another problem of increased power consumption.
また、低温分解装置では、酸素を含む空気の供給が重要な要素である。特許文献２では、廃棄物を投入する開口部を二重扉で開閉することが開示されている。この構成により、開口部から燃焼室内に外気が侵入したり、燃焼室内の排ガスが開口部から流出することが抑制することができる。しかしながら、二重扉構造は、各々扉を開閉する構造が必要となり、構造が複雑化する。また、仮に二重扉を互い連結する手段を用いて、一方の扉の開閉に連動し、他の扉を開閉することも可能であるが、この場合は、両方の扉が開閉途中に同時に開く状態が発生し、その際に外気が燃焼室内に容易に侵入するという不具合も生じる。 Furthermore, supply of oxygen-containing air is an important element in low-temperature decomposition equipment. Patent Document 2 discloses that an opening into which waste is introduced is opened and closed with double doors. With this configuration, it is possible to suppress outside air from entering the combustion chamber through the opening and preventing exhaust gas within the combustion chamber from flowing out through the opening. However, the double door structure requires a structure for opening and closing each door, making the structure complicated. It is also possible to use a means of connecting double doors to each other so that when one door opens and closes, the other door opens and closes, but in this case, both doors open simultaneously during opening and closing. This also causes the problem that outside air easily enters the combustion chamber.
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、上述した問題を解消し、悪臭などを含む排気ガスを効率よく処理でき、また、廃棄物を投入する開口部を介して、燃焼室内の排ガスの流出や外気の燃焼室内への流入を簡便な構造で効果的に抑制する有機物低温分解装置を提供することである。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, to be able to efficiently treat exhaust gas containing bad odors, etc., and to prevent the exhaust gas from flowing out of the combustion chamber and the outside air from flowing through the opening for introducing waste. An object of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature decomposition device for organic matter that effectively suppresses the inflow of organic matter into a combustion chamber with a simple structure.
上述した課題を解決するため、本発明に係る有機物低温分解装置は以下の技術的特徴を有する。
（１） 有機物を含む廃棄物を４００℃以下の温度で熱分解処理を行う有機物低温分解装置において、磁気発生手段を備え、外部から取り込まれた空気が該磁気発生手段が形成する磁界内を通過するように構成された磁気空調ユニットと、熱分解処理される該廃棄物を載置する載置部を備え、さらに該載置部に載置された該廃棄物の少なくとも下方又は側方に空気を供給するため、該磁気空調ユニットからの空気を導入し、導入された空気を一時的に貯留する空気室と、該空気室から該廃棄物に向けて貯留した空気を供給する複数の流路とが形成されている熱分解炉と、該熱分解炉から排出される排煙を導入し、該排煙が蛇行しながら移動するように複数の仕切板で構成された流路を備えた排煙トラップ手段と、該排煙トラップ手段から排出される排煙を導入し、排煙をバーナーで８００℃～１０００℃の範囲の温度に加熱して排気する排煙燃焼手段を備え、さらに、該熱分解炉は、該廃棄物を炉内に投入するための開口部を塞ぐ二重扉を備え、該二重扉を構成する外側扉と内側扉は互いに機械的に連結され、該外側扉が開くと該内側扉が閉じ、該廃棄物は該内側扉の上側に載置でき、さらに、該外側扉が閉じると該内側扉が開き、該廃棄物が該熱分解炉の中に投入されるよう構成され、該外側扉と該内側扉との間には、該開口部を塞ぐ耐熱性シートが配置され、該シートは該外側扉が開いた状態で開閉可能に設定されていることを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the organic matter low-temperature decomposition apparatus according to the present invention has the following technical features.
(1) An organic matter low-temperature decomposition device that thermally decomposes waste containing organic matter at a temperature of 400°C or less is equipped with a magnetic generation means, and air taken in from the outside passes through the magnetic field formed by the magnetism generation means. a magnetic air conditioning unit configured to an air chamber that introduces air from the magnetic air conditioning unit and temporarily stores the introduced air, and a plurality of channels that supply the stored air from the air chamber toward the waste. A pyrolysis furnace is formed with a pyrolysis furnace, and an exhaust gas is provided with a flow path composed of a plurality of partition plates for introducing flue gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace and allowing the flue gas to move in a meandering manner. A smoke trap means, a flue gas combustion means for introducing flue gas discharged from the flue gas trap means, heating the flue gas to a temperature in the range of 800° C. to 1000° C. with a burner, and exhausting the flue gas, further comprising: The pyrolysis furnace is equipped with a double door that closes an opening for introducing the waste into the furnace, and the outer door and the inner door that make up the double door are mechanically connected to each other, and the outer door is When opened, the inner door is closed and the waste can be placed on top of the inner door, and when the outer door is closed, the inner door is opened and the waste is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace. A heat-resistant sheet is arranged between the outer door and the inner door to close the opening, and the sheet is configured to be openable and closable when the outer door is open. Features.
（２） 上記（１）に記載の有機物低温分解装置において、該排煙燃焼手段の排煙が通過する流路内の温度を検出する排煙用温度センサを備え、該バーナーの駆動を制御する制御手段を有し、該制御手段は、該廃棄物の熱分解処理を開始する前に、該排煙用温度センサが８００℃～１０００℃の範囲になるよう該バーナーを駆動制御することを特徴とする。 (2) The organic matter low-temperature decomposition apparatus according to (1) above, including a temperature sensor for flue gas that detects the temperature in a flow path through which flue gas of the flue gas combustion means passes, and controls the drive of the burner. It has a control means, and the control means drives and controls the burner so that the flue gas temperature sensor is in the range of 800°C to 1000°C before starting the thermal decomposition treatment of the waste. shall be.
（３） 上記（１）又は（２）に記載の有機物低温分解装置において、該熱分解炉は、該廃棄物又はその近傍の温度を検出する燃焼用温度センサを備え、該バーナーの駆動を制御する制御手段を有し、該制御手段は、該燃焼用温度センサが、３００℃～４００℃の範囲を検出した際には、該バーナーの駆動を停止することを特徴とする。 (3) In the organic matter low-temperature decomposition apparatus described in (1) or (2) above, the pyrolysis furnace is equipped with a combustion temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the waste or its vicinity, and controls the drive of the burner. The present invention is characterized in that the control means stops driving the burner when the combustion temperature sensor detects a temperature in the range of 300°C to 400°C.
（４） 上記（１）乃至（３）のいずれかに記載の有機物低温分解装置において、該シートは、該開口部の外側で、該開口部と該外側扉との間に配置されていることを特徴とする。 (4) In the organic matter low-temperature decomposition apparatus according to any one of (1) to (3) above, the sheet is arranged outside the opening and between the opening and the outer door. It is characterized by
本発明は、有機物を含む廃棄物を４００℃以下の温度で熱分解処理を行う有機物低温分解装置において、磁気発生手段を備え、外部から取り込まれた空気が該磁気発生手段が形成する磁界内を通過するように構成された磁気空調ユニットと、熱分解処理される該廃棄物を載置する載置部を備え、さらに該載置部に載置された該廃棄物の少なくとも下方又は側方に空気を供給するため、該磁気空調ユニットからの空気を導入し、導入された空気を一時的に貯留する空気室と、該空気室から該廃棄物に向けて貯留した空気を供給する複数の流路とが形成されている熱分解炉と、該熱分解炉から排出される排煙を導入し、該排煙が蛇行しながら移動するように複数の仕切板で構成された流路を備えた排煙トラップ手段と、該排煙トラップ手段から排出される排煙を導入し、排煙をバーナーで８００℃～１０００℃の範囲の温度に加熱して排気する排煙燃焼手段を備えているため、悪臭などを含む排気ガスを効率よく処理できる有機物低温分解装置を提供することができる。 The present invention provides an organic matter low-temperature decomposition apparatus that thermally decomposes waste containing organic matter at a temperature of 400° C. or lower, which is equipped with a magnetism generating means, and in which air taken in from the outside passes through the magnetic field formed by the magnetism generating means. A magnetic air-conditioning unit configured to pass through the waste, and a placing part on which the waste to be pyrolyzed is placed, and further below or to the side of the waste placed on the placing part. An air chamber for introducing air from the magnetic air conditioning unit and temporarily storing the introduced air for supplying air, and a plurality of streams for supplying the stored air from the air chamber toward the waste. A pyrolysis furnace in which a passage is formed, and a flow passage made up of a plurality of partition plates for introducing flue gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace and allowing the flue gas to move in a meandering manner. It is equipped with a flue gas trap means and a flue gas combustion means that introduces the flue gas discharged from the flue gas trap means, heats the flue gas to a temperature in the range of 800°C to 1000°C with a burner, and exhausts it. Accordingly, it is possible to provide an organic matter low-temperature decomposition device that can efficiently treat exhaust gas containing foul odors.
しかも、熱分解炉は、廃棄物を炉内に投入するための開口部を塞ぐ二重扉を備え、該二重扉を構成する外側扉と内側扉は互いに機械的に連結され、該外側扉が開くと該内側扉が閉じ、該外側扉が閉じると該内側扉が開くよう構成され、該外側扉と該内側扉との間には、該開口部を塞ぐ耐熱性シートが配置され、該シートは該外側扉が開いた状態で開閉可能に設定されているため、廃棄物を投入する開口部を介して、燃焼室内の排ガスの流出や外気の燃焼室内への流入を簡便な構造で効果的に抑制する有機物低温分解装置を提供することが可能となる。 Moreover, the pyrolysis furnace is equipped with a double door that closes the opening for introducing waste into the furnace, and the outer door and the inner door that make up the double door are mechanically connected to each other, and the outer door When the inner door opens, the inner door closes, and when the outer door closes, the inner door opens, and a heat-resistant sheet is disposed between the outer door and the inner door to close the opening. Since the seat is set to be openable and closable when the outer door is open, it has a simple structure that allows exhaust gas to flow out of the combustion chamber and outside air to flow into the combustion chamber through the opening for introducing waste. It becomes possible to provide an organic matter low-temperature decomposition device that suppresses the
本発明の有機物低温分解装置について、以下に詳細に説明する。
本発明は、図１に示すように、有機物を含む廃棄物を４００℃以下の温度で熱分解処理を行う有機物低温分解装置において、磁気発生手段を備え、外部から取り込まれた空気が該磁気発生手段が形成する磁界内を通過するように構成された「磁気空調ユニット」と、熱分解処理される該廃棄物を載置する載置部を備え、さらに該載置部に載置された該廃棄物の少なくとも下方又は側方に空気を供給するため、該磁気空調ユニットからの空気を導入し、導入された空気を一時的に貯留する空気室と、該空気室から該廃棄物に向けて貯留した空気を供給する複数の流路とが形成されている「熱分解炉」と、該熱分解炉から排出される排煙を導入し、該排煙が蛇行しながら移動するように複数の仕切板で構成された流路を備えた「排煙トラップ手段」と、該排煙トラップ手段から排出される排煙を導入し、排煙をバーナーで８００℃～１０００℃の範囲の温度に加熱して排気する「排煙燃焼手段」を備えたことを特徴とする。
The organic substance low temperature decomposition apparatus of the present invention will be explained in detail below.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides an organic matter low-temperature decomposition apparatus that thermally decomposes waste containing organic matter at a temperature of 400° C. or lower, which is equipped with a magnetism generating means, and in which air taken in from the outside is used to generate the magnetism. It is equipped with a "magnetic air conditioning unit" configured to pass through a magnetic field formed by the means, a placing part on which the waste to be pyrolyzed is placed, and further, the waste placed on the placing part. An air chamber for introducing air from the magnetic air conditioning unit and temporarily storing the introduced air in order to supply air at least below or to the side of the waste; and an air chamber for temporarily storing the introduced air; A "pyrolysis furnace" is formed with a plurality of flow paths that supply stored air, and a "pyrolysis furnace" that introduces flue gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace. A "smoke trap means" equipped with a flow path composed of a partition plate and the flue gas discharged from the flue gas trap means are introduced, and the flue gas is heated to a temperature in the range of 800°C to 1000°C with a burner. It is characterized by being equipped with "exhaust smoke combustion means" to exhaust the smoke.
「磁気空調ユニット」については、特許文献１乃至４に示すような空気導入部に配置される磁気を用いた空調手段を採用することが可能である。図２に磁気空調ユニットの一例を示す。具体的には、円筒状の主導管を用い、主導管の上側から外気を取り込み、下側から磁気処理された空気を排出するように構成されている。外気の取り込みには電動ファンが利用され、外気の導入流量を調整するためバルブが設けられている。バルブは、手動でも電動でも良いが、廃棄物の燃焼状態を最適に保つために使用される。 Regarding the "magnetic air conditioning unit," it is possible to employ air conditioning means using magnetism that is arranged in the air introduction part as shown in Patent Documents 1 to 4. Figure 2 shows an example of a magnetic air conditioning unit. Specifically, a cylindrical main pipe is used, and outside air is taken in from the upper side of the main pipe, and magnetically treated air is discharged from the lower side. An electric fan is used to bring in outside air, and a valve is installed to adjust the flow rate of outside air. The valve, which can be manual or electrically operated, is used to maintain optimal combustion conditions for the waste.
磁石等の磁気発生手段は、主導管に外気を取り込む入口付近と、主導管内の空気を排出する出口付近に設けられている。使用する磁気発生手段は電磁石よりも電力を消費しない永久磁石が好ましく、強磁力を発生することができるネオジウム磁石はより好ましい。なお、磁石の配置位置は、図２のように上下両方に配置するものに限らず、いずれか一方のみの場合であっても良い。 Magnetism generating means such as magnets are provided near an inlet that takes outside air into the main pipe and near an outlet that discharges air inside the main pipe. The magnetism generating means used is preferably a permanent magnet that consumes less power than an electromagnet, and more preferably a neodymium magnet that can generate strong magnetic force. In addition, the arrangement position of the magnets is not limited to those arranged both above and below as shown in FIG. 2, but may be arranged only in either one.
図２では、主導管内部に円錐形流路を形成し、空気の流れを円滑に行うよう構成している。この円錐形流路は不可欠なものではないが、低温での熱分解では低酸素状態で反応が進むため、熱分解炉へは必要最少限の空気量を緩やかかつ安定的に供給することが求められる。このため、磁気空調ユニット内でも、緩やかではあるが滑らかな空気の流れを形成する方法の一つとして、円錐形流路を形成している。また、円錐形流路は、ファンを停止した状態で、熱分解炉から空気が逆流し、当該ユニットを介して外部に排出されることを抑制する意味もある。 In FIG. 2, a conical flow path is formed inside the main pipe to ensure smooth air flow. Although this conical flow path is not essential, in low-temperature pyrolysis, the reaction proceeds in low oxygen conditions, so it is necessary to slowly and stably supply the minimum amount of air to the pyrolysis furnace. It will be done. For this reason, a conical flow path is formed as one method of forming a gentle but smooth flow of air even within the magnetic air conditioning unit. The conical flow path also serves to prevent air from flowing backward from the pyrolysis furnace and being discharged to the outside through the unit when the fan is stopped.
「熱分解炉」については、図３に示すように、廃棄物を収容する「廃棄物収容室」、廃棄物が熱分解され灰状態（無機質のみ）となった焼却灰が集まる「焼却灰集積室」、廃棄物に供給する前の空気を一時的に貯留する「低酸素用空気室」から構成される。 As shown in Figure 3, the ``pyrolysis furnace'' consists of a ``waste storage chamber'' that stores waste, and an ``incineration ash accumulation chamber'' where waste is thermally decomposed and incinerated ash (inorganic only) is collected. It consists of a ``hypoxic air chamber'' that temporarily stores air before supplying it to the waste.
「廃棄物収容室」では、廃棄物を載置する載置部としては、廃棄物載置台が略中央に形成され、それを取り囲む周囲の壁面は、載置台に向かって低くなるように傾斜している。載置台は、金属等の金網や並列に配置された複数の金属棒などで構成される。載置台を取り囲む壁面には、低酸素用空気室とを繋ぐ複数のパイプが貫通している。 In the "waste storage room", a waste loading table is formed approximately in the center as a loading section for placing waste, and the surrounding wall surface surrounding it is sloped downward toward the loading table. ing. The mounting table is composed of a wire mesh made of metal or the like, a plurality of metal rods arranged in parallel, or the like. A plurality of pipes pass through the wall surrounding the mounting table and connect it to the hypoxic air chamber.
廃棄物収容室の上側には、廃棄物を熱分解炉内に投入するための開口部（図３では不図示）が形成され、図４に示すような扉機構が配置されている。開口部を開閉する扉は、外側扉と内側扉の二重扉となっており、両者は連結手段で連結され、開閉動作が互いに連動するよう構成されている。図４（ａ）は、外側扉を開け、内側扉を閉めた状態を示している。外側扉は矢印αの方向に回動し、回動には、外側扉を矢印Ｆの方向に引き上げる力を加えて行う。外側扉を閉めるには、矢印Ｆの力を徐々に減らし、扉の自重で閉めることが可能である。当然、矢印F方向にワイヤー等を張り、そのワイヤーを移動させることで外側扉の開閉を行うことも可能である。 An opening (not shown in FIG. 3) for introducing waste into the pyrolysis furnace is formed on the upper side of the waste storage chamber, and a door mechanism as shown in FIG. 4 is arranged. The door that opens and closes the opening is a double door consisting of an outer door and an inner door, both of which are connected by a connecting means so that their opening and closing operations are interlocked with each other. FIG. 4(a) shows a state in which the outer door is opened and the inner door is closed. The outer door rotates in the direction of arrow α, and the rotation is performed by applying a force to pull the outer door in the direction of arrow F. To close the outer door, it is possible to gradually reduce the force of arrow F and allow the door to close under its own weight. Of course, it is also possible to open and close the outer door by stretching a wire or the like in the direction of arrow F and moving the wire.
内側扉は矢印β方向に回動可能に構成されている。また、内側扉は連結手段に繋がれ、図４（ａ）のように外側扉が引き上げられた場合は、内側扉も引き上げられ、炉本体の壁面（太線部分）の開口部を閉塞する。逆に、外側扉が開口部を塞ぐように引き下げられた場合には、図４（ｂ）のように内側扉も引き下げられ、開口部を開放することとなる。連結手段は、図４に示すものに限らず、当業者にとって公知の技術を適用できることは言うまでもない。また、図４（ａ）の状態で廃棄物を内側扉の上側に載置し、図４（ｂ）の状態で、炉内に廃棄物を投入することとなる。 The inner door is configured to be rotatable in the direction of arrow β. Further, the inner door is connected to a connecting means, and when the outer door is pulled up as shown in FIG. 4(a), the inner door is also pulled up, closing the opening in the wall surface of the furnace main body (bold line portion). Conversely, when the outer door is pulled down to close the opening, the inner door is also pulled down to open the opening, as shown in FIG. 4(b). It goes without saying that the connecting means is not limited to that shown in FIG. 4, and techniques known to those skilled in the art can be applied. Moreover, the waste is placed on the upper side of the inner door in the state shown in FIG. 4(a), and the waste is thrown into the furnace in the state shown in FIG. 4(b).
図４のような外側扉と内側扉を連結手段で一緒に駆動する場合には、図４（ａ）と（ｂ）の中間の状態で、外側扉と内側扉の両方が半開き状態となる。このような状態では、炉内の燃焼空気が直接外部に漏出するという問題を生じるだけでなく、低酸素状態で熱分解が進行している廃棄物に大量の空気を供給することとなるため、熱分解反応が変化することとなる。 When the outer door and the inner door are driven together by the connecting means as shown in FIG. 4, both the outer door and the inner door are in a half-open state in a state intermediate between FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b). Under such conditions, not only does the combustion air inside the furnace leak directly to the outside, but also a large amount of air is supplied to the waste, which is undergoing thermal decomposition in low oxygen conditions. The thermal decomposition reaction will change.
このような弊害を防止するため、開口部を塞ぐ耐熱性シートを配置している。耐熱性シートは、少なくとも４００℃以上の熱に耐え、炉内の燃焼がシートに延焼しないよう難燃性の素材であることが好ましい。当然、外側扉が開いた状態では、操作者が手動で当該シートを開閉できるような可撓性を備えることも必要である。 To prevent such problems, a heat-resistant sheet is placed to cover the opening. The heat-resistant sheet is preferably made of a flame-retardant material that can withstand heat of at least 400° C. or more and prevents the combustion in the furnace from spreading to the sheet. Naturally, it is also necessary to provide flexibility so that an operator can manually open and close the seat when the outer door is open.
「焼却灰集積室」では、載置台の隙間を介して落下する焼却灰を収容する。集積した焼却灰は、炉本体の側壁に設置された集積室に通じる開閉扉（不図示）によって外部に排出される。載置台に残った焼却灰については、廃棄物を投入する開口部や炉本体の側壁に設けた別の開閉扉から排出される。 The "incineration ash collection room" stores the incineration ash that falls through the gap between the mounting tables. The accumulated incineration ash is discharged to the outside through an opening/closing door (not shown) that leads to an accumulation chamber installed on the side wall of the furnace body. The incinerated ash remaining on the mounting table is discharged through the opening for introducing waste or another opening/closing door provided on the side wall of the furnace body.
焼却灰集積室には、廃棄物を燃焼させるための種火を供給するバーナーＡが設けられている。バーナーは、後述する排煙燃焼手段で使用するバーナーＢと同様に、ガス式又はオイル式のいずれのバーナーも使用が可能であり、特に、灯油を利用したオイルバーナーは簡便に利用可能である。集積室のバーナーは、廃棄物への着火（燃焼開始）が済んだ際には、必要に応じて、炉外に引き出し、集積室から撤去することも可能である。 The incineration ash accumulation chamber is provided with a burner A that supplies a pilot flame for burning waste. As with the burner B used in the exhaust gas combustion means described later, either a gas type or an oil type burner can be used, and in particular, an oil burner using kerosene can be used easily. When the burner in the accumulation chamber has finished igniting the waste (starting combustion), it can be pulled out of the furnace and removed from the accumulation chamber, if necessary.
廃棄物が燃焼を開始したか否かの状態判断は、廃棄物又はその近傍の温度を検出する燃焼用温度センサを配置し、当該センサの温度変化から判断することも可能である。 It is also possible to determine whether or not the waste has started combustion by arranging a combustion temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the waste or its vicinity, and determining from the temperature change of the sensor.
「低酸素用空気室」は、磁気空調ユニットのファンなどで、磁気処理空気が廃棄物に直接、強制送風されるのを抑制するものである。廃棄物は、低酸素状態でゆっくりと熱分解が進行する。それは、例えば、囲炉裏や火鉢の灰の中でゆっくりとした燃焼が進行するようなものである。このため、廃棄物には、反応に必要な空気量のみを供給することが必要となる。この空気室で一時的に磁気処理された空気を蓄え、廃棄物の熱等で上昇した空気を補完するような自然の流れで、空気室の空気を廃棄物に供給する。
空気室からの空気は、直接、廃棄物収容室に入るものだけでなく、一旦、焼却灰集積室に入り、載置台の隙間を通じて廃棄物に供給されるものもある。
The "hypoxic air chamber" is designed to prevent magnetically treated air from being forced directly onto the waste using a fan in a magnetic air conditioning unit. Thermal decomposition of waste proceeds slowly under low oxygen conditions. For example, it is like slow combustion in the ashes of a hearth or brazier. Therefore, it is necessary to supply only the amount of air necessary for the reaction to the waste. Magnetically treated air is temporarily stored in this air chamber, and the air in the air chamber is supplied to the waste with a natural flow that supplements the air that has risen due to the heat of the waste.
The air from the air chamber does not only directly enter the waste storage chamber, but also may enter the incineration ash collection chamber once and then be supplied to the waste through the gap in the mounting table.
「排煙トラップ手段」は、図３の熱分解炉の上部側に設けられた排出口から排出される燃焼空気Ｂを処理する設備である。廃棄物が完全燃焼している状態では、特に問題とならないが、燃焼が不十分な部分では、燃焼空気が油分などを含む場合がある。図５に示すように、複数の仕切板を千鳥状に配置し、燃焼空気（排煙）が蛇行しながら移動するよう構成している。 The "exhaust smoke trap means" is equipment that processes the combustion air B discharged from the exhaust port provided on the upper side of the pyrolysis furnace shown in FIG. This is not a particular problem when the waste is completely combusted, but in areas where combustion is insufficient, the combustion air may contain oil and the like. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of partition plates are arranged in a staggered manner so that combustion air (exhaust smoke) moves in a meandering manner.
燃焼空気は仕切板に接触して冷やされ、空気中の油分や水分は仕切板に付着する。仕切板に付着した油分等は、自重で下方に移動し、外部にドレインパイプを用いて排出される。
この排煙トラップ手段ではより多くの油分等を燃焼空気から分離すことが好ましいが、空気中に油分等が残存しても、少ない分量であれば、後段の排煙燃焼手段で完全燃焼させることが可能である。
Combustion air comes into contact with the partition plates and is cooled, and oil and moisture in the air adhere to the partition plates. Oil and other substances adhering to the partition plate move downward under their own weight and are drained to the outside using a drain pipe.
It is preferable to separate as much oil, etc. from the combustion air with this flue gas trap means, but even if oil, etc. remains in the air, if it is a small amount, it can be completely combusted by the exhaust smoke combustion means in the subsequent stage. is possible.
この排煙トラップ手段を設けるもう一つの目的は、後段の排煙燃焼手段でバーナーを利用するため、バーナーの炎が排気ルートを逆流し、熱分解炉内にバーナーの炎が入り込むのを防止するためである。 Another purpose of providing this flue gas trap means is to prevent the burner flame from flowing backward through the exhaust route and entering the pyrolysis furnace since the burner is used in the exhaust gas combustion means in the latter stage. It's for a reason.
「排煙燃焼手段」は、排気ガスを高温で加熱し、排気ガスに含まれる悪臭や残留油分などを熱分解させるものである。排煙燃焼手段の壁面は、耐火煉瓦などを積み上げた耐熱性及び耐火性の高い壁で構成されている。内部には、バーナーＢを配置し、排気が通過する流路の温度を８００℃～１０００℃の範囲に保持するように設定される。流路の温度は、排煙用温度センサで検出することが可能である。バーナーを使用することで、特許文献４の電気ヒーターよりも効率的に流路内を加熱でき、熱効率も高い。 The "exhaust gas combustion means" heats the exhaust gas at a high temperature to thermally decompose the foul odor and residual oil contained in the exhaust gas. The wall surface of the flue gas combustion means is composed of a wall with high heat resistance and fire resistance made of stacked fire bricks and the like. A burner B is disposed inside, and is set to maintain the temperature of the flow path through which exhaust gas passes within a range of 800°C to 1000°C. The temperature of the flow path can be detected by a smoke exhaust temperature sensor. By using a burner, the inside of the flow path can be heated more efficiently than the electric heater of Patent Document 4, and the thermal efficiency is also high.
排煙燃焼手段は、常時、所定温度に維持し、熱分解炉から排出される燃焼空気の全てを完全に熱分解することも可能であるが、これには、バーナーＢを頻繁に稼働させることが必要であり、消費エネルギーも膨大になる。しかも、オイルバーナーを用いる場合には、排出される二酸化炭素も増大するため、環境的にも問題が多い。 It is also possible to maintain the flue gas combustion means at a predetermined temperature at all times and completely pyrolyze all of the combustion air discharged from the pyrolysis furnace, but this requires frequent operation of burner B. is required, and the energy consumption is also enormous. Moreover, when an oil burner is used, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted also increases, which poses many environmental problems.
このため、本発明では、バーナーＢの駆動を制御する制御手段を設けている。排煙用温度センサの検出温度が８００℃～１０００℃の範囲に収まるように、バーナーのオン・オフ又は強弱の駆動を制御している。
そして、熱分解炉で廃棄物の熱分解処理を開始する前に、温度センサが予め設定した所定温度（８００℃～１０００℃の範囲）になるよう該バーナーを駆動制御して排気ガスの流路を高温に維持している。
Therefore, in the present invention, a control means for controlling the drive of burner B is provided. The on/off or strong/weak driving of the burner is controlled so that the temperature detected by the smoke exhaust temperature sensor falls within the range of 800°C to 1000°C.
Before starting the pyrolysis treatment of waste in the pyrolysis furnace, the burner is controlled so that the temperature sensor reaches a preset temperature (in the range of 800°C to 1000°C), and the flow path of the exhaust gas is controlled. is maintained at a high temperature.
次に、廃棄物又はその近傍の温度を検出する燃焼用温度センサが、３００℃～４００℃の範囲を検出し、低温分解反応が安定的に始まった場合には、完全な熱分解反応下では、悪臭成分や油分等が燃焼気体に混合する可能性が低くなるため、該バーナーＢの駆動を停止するよう制御することが好ましい。これにより、より省エネルギー化を図ることが可能となる。 Next, the combustion temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the waste or its vicinity detects a range of 300°C to 400°C, and if the low-temperature decomposition reaction has started stably, it is determined that the temperature is not under a complete thermal decomposition reaction. It is preferable to control the drive of the burner B to stop, since the possibility that malodorous components, oil, etc. will be mixed with the combustion gas is reduced. This makes it possible to achieve further energy savings.
以上のように、本発明によれば、悪臭などを含む排気ガスを効率よく処理でき、また、廃棄物を投入する開口部を介して、燃焼室内の排ガスの流出や外気の燃焼室内への流入を簡便な構造で効果的に抑制する有機物低温分解装置を提供することが可能となる。 As described above, according to the present invention, exhaust gas containing foul odors can be efficiently treated, and exhaust gas can flow out of the combustion chamber and outside air can flow into the combustion chamber through the opening for introducing waste. It becomes possible to provide an organic substance low-temperature decomposition device that effectively suppresses organic matter with a simple structure.
Claims (4)
磁気発生手段を備え、外部から取り込まれた空気が該磁気発生手段が形成する磁界内を通過するように構成された磁気空調ユニットと、
熱分解処理される該廃棄物を載置する載置部を備え、さらに該載置部に載置された該廃棄物の少なくとも下方又は側方に空気を供給するため、該磁気空調ユニットからの空気を導入し、導入された空気を一時的に貯留する空気室と、該空気室から該廃棄物に向けて貯留した空気を供給する複数の流路とが形成されている熱分解炉と、
該熱分解炉から排出される排煙を導入し、該排煙が蛇行しながら移動するように複数の仕切板で構成された流路を備えた排煙トラップ手段と、
該排煙トラップ手段から排出される排煙を導入し、排煙をバーナーで８００℃～１０００℃の範囲の温度に加熱して排気する排煙燃焼手段を備え、
さらに、該熱分解炉は、該廃棄物を炉内に投入するための開口部を塞ぐ二重扉を備え、
該二重扉を構成する外側扉と内側扉は互いに機械的に連結され、該外側扉が開くと該内側扉が閉じ、該廃棄物は該内側扉の上側に載置でき、さらに、該外側扉が閉じると該内側扉が開き、該廃棄物が該熱分解炉の中に投入されるよう構成され、
該外側扉と該内側扉との間には、該開口部を塞ぐ耐熱性シートが配置され、該シートは該外側扉が開いた状態で開閉可能に設定されていることを特徴とする有機物低温分解装置。 In an organic matter low-temperature decomposition device that thermally decomposes waste containing organic matter at a temperature of 400°C or less,
A magnetic air conditioning unit comprising a magnetism generating means and configured such that air taken in from the outside passes through a magnetic field formed by the magnetism generating means;
The magnetic air conditioning unit is equipped with a mounting section on which the waste to be pyrolyzed is placed, and further includes a magnetic air conditioning unit for supplying air at least below or to the sides of the waste placed on the mounting section. A pyrolysis furnace formed with an air chamber that introduces air and temporarily stores the introduced air, and a plurality of flow paths that supply the stored air from the air chamber toward the waste;
a flue gas trap means that introduces flue gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace and includes a flow path configured with a plurality of partition plates so that the flue gas moves in a meandering manner;
comprising a flue gas combustion means for introducing flue gas discharged from the flue gas trap means, heating the flue gas to a temperature in the range of 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C. with a burner, and exhausting it;
Furthermore, the pyrolysis furnace includes a double door that closes an opening for introducing the waste into the furnace,
The outer door and the inner door constituting the double door are mechanically connected to each other, and when the outer door is opened, the inner door is closed , and the waste can be placed on the upper side of the inner door. configured such that when the door closes , the inner door opens and the waste is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace ;
A heat-resistant sheet that closes the opening is disposed between the outer door and the inner door, and the sheet is set to be openable and closable when the outer door is open. Decomposition equipment.
該排煙燃焼手段の排煙が通過する流路内の温度を検出する排煙用温度センサを備え、
該バーナーの駆動を制御する制御手段を有し、該制御手段は、該廃棄物の熱分解処理を開始する前に、該排煙用温度センサが８００℃～１０００℃の範囲になるよう該バーナーを駆動制御することを特徴とする有機物低温分解装置。 In the organic matter low temperature decomposition apparatus according to claim 1,
comprising a temperature sensor for flue gas that detects the temperature in the flow path through which the flue gas of the flue gas combustion means passes;
It has a control means for controlling the drive of the burner, and the control means controls the burner so that the flue gas temperature sensor is in the range of 800°C to 1000°C before starting the thermal decomposition treatment of the waste. An organic substance low-temperature decomposition device characterized by driving and controlling.
該熱分解炉は、該廃棄物又はその近傍の温度を検出する燃焼用温度センサを備え、
該バーナーの駆動を制御する制御手段を有し、該制御手段は、該燃焼用温度センサが、３００℃～４００℃の範囲を検出した際には、該バーナーの駆動を停止することを特徴とする有機物低温分解装置。 The organic substance low temperature decomposition apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
The pyrolysis furnace includes a combustion temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the waste or its vicinity,
It has a control means for controlling the drive of the burner, and the control means stops the drive of the burner when the combustion temperature sensor detects a range of 300°C to 400°C. Organic matter low-temperature decomposition equipment.
該シートは、該開口部の外側で、該開口部と該外側扉との間に配置されていることを特徴とする有機物低温分解装置。 The organic substance low temperature decomposition apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
An apparatus for low-temperature decomposition of organic matter, characterized in that the sheet is disposed outside the opening and between the opening and the outer door.
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| JP3083071U (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2002-01-18 | 株式会社大東 | Waste incinerator with rotary push double door feeder |
| JP2010075823A (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2010-04-08 | Jiro Terasawa | Apparatus for decomposition treatment of organic matter |
| JP2017020673A (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2017-01-26 | 株式会社綿谷製作所 | Low temperature heat decomposition treatment device |
| JP2018118238A (en) | 2017-01-29 | 2018-08-02 | 株式会社綿谷製作所 | Low-temperature thermal decomposition processor of organic refuse |
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| JP3083071U (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2002-01-18 | 株式会社大東 | Waste incinerator with rotary push double door feeder |
| JP2010075823A (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2010-04-08 | Jiro Terasawa | Apparatus for decomposition treatment of organic matter |
| JP2017020673A (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2017-01-26 | 株式会社綿谷製作所 | Low temperature heat decomposition treatment device |
| JP2018118238A (en) | 2017-01-29 | 2018-08-02 | 株式会社綿谷製作所 | Low-temperature thermal decomposition processor of organic refuse |
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