JP7359238B2 - Exterior structure - Google Patents

Exterior structure Download PDF

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JP7359238B2
JP7359238B2 JP2022034978A JP2022034978A JP7359238B2 JP 7359238 B2 JP7359238 B2 JP 7359238B2 JP 2022034978 A JP2022034978 A JP 2022034978A JP 2022034978 A JP2022034978 A JP 2022034978A JP 7359238 B2 JP7359238 B2 JP 7359238B2
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area
ground
road
fence
water
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JP2023130602A (en
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良和 田中
佑典 田水
正義 鷺原
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Sekisui House Ltd
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Sekisui House Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure

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  • Fencing (AREA)

Description

本発明は、建築物の道路に向かい合う外壁面に隣接して、屋外に形成される外構構造に関し、道路に隣接する敷地境界付近に塀が立設される外構構造に関する。 The present invention relates to an exterior structure formed outdoors adjacent to an exterior wall surface of a building facing a road, and more particularly to an exterior structure in which a fence is erected near a site boundary adjacent to a road.

従来より、道路と敷地との境界に設けられる敷地境界塀の外部や内部に植物を植え付けることで、庭を広く活用することが提案されている。例えば、特許文献１では、表裏両面側へ開口した開口枠部を形成し、開口枠部の底部分に観賞用植物が植設される土床部が形成される塀が開示されている。また、特許文献２では、残存型枠の３分の２程までコンクリートを打設し、残り３分の１には土を入れて外構用基礎構造体を形成して花壇を形成し、その上にフェンス支柱を立設して敷地境界のフェンスを設ける発明が提案されている。 BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, it has been proposed to make full use of gardens by planting plants on the outside or inside of a boundary wall between a road and a site. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a fence in which an open frame section that is open to both the front and back sides is formed, and a soil bed section on which ornamental plants are planted is formed at the bottom of the open frame section. In addition, in Patent Document 2, concrete is poured up to about two-thirds of the remaining formwork, and soil is poured into the remaining one-third to form a foundation structure for the outside structure to form a flower bed. An invention has been proposed in which a fence is provided at the boundary of the site by erecting fence posts on top.

これらの発明は、塀を設けるスペースと植物を植え付けるスペースとが共用されることで、別途花壇などを設ける場合に比べてスペースの有効活用をすることができ、また、敷地の内側からも外側からも植物が視認できることで、塀の外側からの意匠性も向上させることができるものである。 These inventions allow the space for the fence to be shared with the space for planting plants, making it possible to use the space more effectively than in the case of setting up separate flower beds. By making the plants visible, it is possible to improve the design from the outside of the fence.

実開平６－３０３６９号公報Utility Model Publication No. 6-30369 実用新案登録第３１４０７５９号公報Utility model registration No. 3140759

ところで、上述のように敷地境界塀の外部や内部に植物を植え付け、表裏両側を開口させる構成は、敷地外部から植物の間を通して敷地内部が視認可能となり、塀の内側の空間のプライバシーが脅かされる恐れがある。また、植物への水やりの作業手間がかかり、日々の水やりによって塀が湿った状態となり、塀が汚れやすく、またコケが繁殖しやすくなるなどの問題が生じる。 By the way, in the above-mentioned configuration where plants are planted outside or inside the site boundary wall and both the front and back sides are open, the inside of the site can be seen from outside the site through the plants, which threatens the privacy of the space inside the fence. There is a fear. In addition, watering the plants is time-consuming, and daily watering leaves the fence in a damp state, making it more likely to get dirty and moss to grow.

そこで、本発明は、敷地の内外両側から植栽を視認することができるとともに、敷地内側のプライバシーが守られ、水やり等によっても塀が汚れにくい外構構造を提供することを目的とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an exterior structure that allows plants to be seen from both inside and outside of the site, protects privacy inside the site, and prevents the fence from becoming dirty even when watering or the like.

本発明の外構構造は、建築物に隣接して屋外に形成される外構構造であって、道路に隣接する第一の領域と、前記第一の領域と前記建築物との間に配置される第二の領域と、前記道路に面して前記第一の領域に配置される塀と、を備え、前記第一の領域の地面は、前記第二の領域の地面よりも急な勾配で、前記道路に向かって下り勾配に形成されており、前記塀は、第一の領域の地面から所定高さまでが開いて前記道路側から前記建築物側に繋がる開口部を有しており、前記第一の領域の地面には、植栽が設けられることを特徴としている。 The external structure of the present invention is an external structure formed outdoors adjacent to a building, and is arranged between a first area adjacent to a road and the first area and the building. and a fence placed in the first area facing the road, the ground of the first area having a steeper slope than the ground of the second area. and is formed with a downward slope toward the road, and the wall has an opening that is open from the ground to a predetermined height in the first area and connects from the road side to the building side, The first area is characterized in that planting is provided on the ground.

本発明の外構構造は、前記植栽は、前記第一の領域の地面に、前記開口部を跨いで前記塀の両側に張り出して形成されることを特徴としている。 The external structure of the present invention is characterized in that the planting is formed on the ground of the first area, extending over the opening and extending to both sides of the fence.

本発明の外構構造は、前記第二の領域の地下から前記第一の領域の地下にかけて、雨水を流下可能な通水層が形成されており、前記通水層は、前記植栽の根に前記雨水を供給可能であることを特徴としている。 In the exterior structure of the present invention, a water-permeable layer is formed from the basement of the second area to the basement of the first area, and the water-permeable layer allows rainwater to flow down. It is characterized in that the rainwater can be supplied to.

本発明の外構構造は、前記建築物の雨どいから流れ出る水を地中の前記通水層に導く導水部をさらに備えることを特徴としている。 The exterior structure of the present invention is characterized in that it further includes a water guide section that guides water flowing out of the rain gutters of the building to the water-conducting layer in the ground.

本発明の外構構造は、前記第二の領域の地面は、地表を流れる水を屋外に排水可能な水勾配を有するとともに、前記第一の領域の地面は、安息角以下で、且つ、前記第二の領域の地面よりも急な勾配であることを特徴としている。 In the exterior structure of the present invention, the ground surface of the second region has a water gradient that allows water flowing on the ground surface to be drained outdoors, and the ground surface of the first region has an angle of repose below or below the angle of repose; It is characterized by a steeper slope than the ground in the second area.

本発明の外構構造は、前記塀は、前記第一の領域の地面に設けられた基礎から上方に延びる一対の柱材と、前記柱材の間に架設される水平材と、を含む鋼製下地フレームと、前記鋼製下地フレームの両側に固定される化粧外装材と、を備えることを特徴としている。 In the exterior structure of the present invention, the fence is made of steel including a pair of pillars extending upward from a foundation provided on the ground in the first area, and a horizontal member constructed between the pillars. It is characterized by comprising a base frame made of steel and decorative exterior materials fixed to both sides of the base frame made of steel.

本発明の外構構造は、前記塀は、前記開口部の上縁の前記化粧外装材の間に配置され、下方を照らす照明を備えることを特徴としている。 The external structure of the present invention is characterized in that the wall is provided with a light that is arranged between the decorative exterior materials at the upper edge of the opening and illuminates the downward direction.

本発明の外構構造は、前記塀の前記開口部の上縁は、前記第二の領域の地面よりも低いことを特徴としている。 The exterior structure of the present invention is characterized in that an upper edge of the opening of the fence is lower than the ground of the second area.

本発明の外構構造によると、第一の領域の地面が第二の領域よりも道路に向かって下り坂の急勾配であり、当該第一の領域の地面から所定高さまでが開いて前記道路側から前記建築物側に繋がる開口部を有しており、第一の領域の地面には植栽が設けられているので、第一の領域の勾配によって道路側からは第二の領域が視認されにくくプライバシーが保たれるとともに、更に植栽が設けられていることで、より効果的に第二の領域のプライバシーを保つことができる。さらに、開口部を有していることで、道路側から第二の領域への通風性を高めることができる。特に、開口部が設けられている第一の領域の地面に植栽が設けられていることで、道路側からの視線を遮りつつ、植栽を通過した心地のよい風を第二の領域で感じることができる。そして、第一の領域の地面に直接植栽が設けられているので、植栽への水やりの際に塀が汚れることや塀にコケが繁殖することを抑制できる。しかも、第一の領域は第二の領域よりも急勾配であるので、水やりの際に第一の領域の上流側に水を供給することで、当該水は道路側に流れるので、敷地の内側から効率的に水やりを行うことができる。開口部は道路側及び建築物側の両側に開いているので敷地内からも道路側からも同じ植栽を鑑賞させることができ、効率的に自然豊かな外構空間を演出することができる。また、道路側及び建築物側の両側が開放されていることで、塀の立設される方角に関わらず植栽の採光性を高めることができ、植栽の生育状態を促すことができる。さらに、開口部を有することにより、植栽への通風性を高めることができ、よりいっそう植栽の生育を促すことができる。そして、第一の領域が急勾配であることで、道路側から見た緑視率を高めることができ、街の景観をよりよくすることができる。 According to the exterior structure of the present invention, the ground of the first area has a steeper slope downhill toward the road than the second area, and the area from the ground of the first area to a predetermined height is open to the road. It has an opening that connects from the side to the building side, and the ground of the first area is planted with plants, so the second area is visible from the road side due to the slope of the first area. In addition to maintaining the privacy of the second area, the privacy of the second area can be maintained more effectively by providing planting. Furthermore, by having the opening, ventilation from the road side to the second area can be improved. In particular, by planting trees on the ground in the first area where the opening is located, it blocks the view from the road while allowing the pleasant breeze that passes through the plants to flow into the second area. I can feel it. Since the plants are placed directly on the ground in the first area, it is possible to prevent the wall from getting dirty when watering the plants and to prevent moss from growing on the wall. Moreover, since the first area has a steeper slope than the second area, by supplying water to the upstream side of the first area when watering, the water will flow towards the road side, so the site Watering can be done efficiently from the inside. Since the openings are open on both sides, the road side and the building side, the same plantings can be seen from both within the premises and from the road side, making it possible to efficiently create an exterior space rich in nature. In addition, by opening both the road side and the building side, regardless of the direction in which the fence is erected, it is possible to improve the lighting of the plants and promote the growth of the plants. Furthermore, by having an opening, ventilation to the plants can be improved, and the growth of the plants can be further promoted. Since the first area has a steep slope, it is possible to increase the green visibility when viewed from the road side, and it is possible to improve the scenery of the city.

本発明の外構構造によると、植栽は、第一の領域の地面に、開口部を跨いで塀の両側に張り出して形成されているので、道路側及び敷地側の両側の景観をよりよくすることができ、また、植栽によって道路側からの視線がより遮られることとなって、第二の領域のプライバシーをより保つことができる。 According to the exterior structure of the present invention, the planting is formed on the ground in the first area, spanning the opening and overhanging both sides of the fence, so that the scenery on both sides of the road side and site side can be improved. In addition, the planting further blocks the line of sight from the road side, making it possible to further maintain the privacy of the second area.

本発明の外構構造によると、第二の領域の地面から地下にしみ込んだ水が通水層を通って流下して、植栽の根に供給されるので、雨水を十分に植栽に供給することができ、水やりの手間を低減することができる。 According to the exterior structure of the present invention, water that seeps underground from the ground in the second area flows down through the water permeable layer and is supplied to the roots of the plants, so rainwater is sufficiently supplied to the plants. This can reduce the hassle of watering.

本発明の外構構造によると、雨どいから流れる水が導水部によって通水層に導かれるので、雨水をより十分に植栽に供給することができ、水やりの手間を低減することができる。 According to the exterior structure of the present invention, the water flowing from the rain gutters is guided to the water-permeable layer by the water-conducting section, so rainwater can be more fully supplied to the plants, and the effort of watering can be reduced. .

本発明の外構構造によると、第二の領域にも敷地内に水が貯まらないように水を排水する水勾配を有しつつ、第一の領域の地面は安息角以下で、且つ、第二の領域の地面よりも急な勾配であるので、上述のような効果を発揮しつつ、第一の領域の土が道路側に流出することを抑制できる。 According to the exterior structure of the present invention, the second area also has a water gradient for draining water so that water does not accumulate on the site, and the ground in the first area is at an angle of repose or less and Since the slope is steeper than that of the ground in the second area, it is possible to suppress the soil in the first area from flowing out to the road side while exhibiting the above-mentioned effects.

本発明の外構構造によると、鋼製下地フレームによって塀の下地が形成されることで、例えばコンクリート塀よりも軽く、柱材の間に長いスパンをとることができ、開口部の見付幅を長くすることができ、開口部の下方で第一の領域に設けられる植栽を道路に面して長く途切れることなく配置することができ、道路及び敷地内の両側から見た美観を向上させることができる。 According to the exterior structure of the present invention, since the base of the fence is formed by the steel base frame, it is lighter than, for example, a concrete fence, it is possible to take a long span between the pillars, and the width of the opening is This allows the planting provided in the first area below the opening to be arranged uninterrupted for a long time facing the road, improving the aesthetic appearance seen from both sides of the road and the site. be able to.

本発明の外構構造によると、塀の開口部の上縁には、化粧外装材の間に下方を照らす照明が設けられるので、植栽を照らすことができ、植栽によって反射した光が道路側及び敷地内側の両側を照らすこととなるので、夜間の道路及び第二の領域の両方を明るく照らすことができる。また、照明器具が外部から見えないため、デザイン性も向上することができる。 According to the exterior structure of the present invention, lighting that illuminates the downward direction is provided between the decorative exterior materials at the upper edge of the opening of the fence, so that the plants can be illuminated, and the light reflected by the plants can be seen on the road. Since both sides and the inside of the site are illuminated, both the road and the second area at night can be brightly illuminated. In addition, since the lighting equipment is not visible from the outside, the design can be improved.

本発明の外構構造によると、開口部の上縁が、第二の領域の地面よりも低いことで、道路側から第二の領域がより視認されにくくなるので、よりいっそう第二の領域のプライバシーを守ることができる。 According to the external structure of the present invention, since the upper edge of the opening is lower than the ground level of the second area, the second area is less visible from the road side, so the second area is even more visible. You can protect your privacy.

外構構造の全体構成を説明する断面図。FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating the overall configuration of the exterior structure. 外構構造の第一領域の構成を説明する断面図。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of a first region of the exterior structure. 塀を形成するフレームの構成を説明する斜視図。The perspective view explaining the composition of the frame which forms a fence. 外構構造の全体構成を説明する一部省略斜視図。FIG. 2 is a partially omitted perspective view illustrating the overall configuration of the exterior structure. 外構構造の雨水の流れを説明する断面図。A cross-sectional view illustrating the flow of rainwater in the exterior structure. 第一の領域の勾配形成部における雨水の流れ及び照明を説明する一部拡大断面図。FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged sectional view illustrating the flow of rainwater and illumination in the slope forming part of the first region.

以下、本発明に係る外構構造の実施形態について各図を参照しつつ説明する。外構構造１は、図１に示すように、建築物２に隣接して、当該建築物２の敷地内に形成される外構構造１である。外構構造１は、道路３に隣接する第一の領域４と、第一の領域４と建築物２との間に設けられる第二の領域５と、道路３に面して第一の領域４に立設される塀６と、を備えている。外構構造１に隣接して建設される建築物２は例えば戸建住宅である。本実施形態の戸建住宅はリビング７に設けられる大きな掃き出し窓８が第二の領域５に隣接して形成されており、第二の領域５や第二の領域５の向こう側にある第一の領域４を屋内から視認可能となっている。なお、本発明における建築物２は戸建住宅に限定されるものではなく、集合住宅や道路３との境界に塀６が必要となる、例えば教育施設、介護施設等、その他の施設であってもよい。 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of external structure according to the present invention will be described with reference to the respective figures. As shown in FIG. 1, the external structure 1 is an external structure 1 that is formed adjacent to a building 2 and within the site of the building 2. The exterior structure 1 includes a first area 4 adjacent to the road 3, a second area 5 provided between the first area 4 and the building 2, and a first area facing the road 3. 4 and a fence 6 erected therein. The building 2 constructed adjacent to the exterior structure 1 is, for example, a detached house. In the detached house of this embodiment, a large sweeping window 8 provided in the living room 7 is formed adjacent to the second area 5, and a large sweeping window 8 provided in the living room 7 is formed adjacent to the second area 5 and the first area on the other side of the second area 5. Area 4 is visible from indoors. Note that the building 2 in the present invention is not limited to a single-family house, but may be an apartment complex or other facilities that require a fence 6 at the boundary with the road 3, such as an educational facility or a nursing facility. Good too.

第一の領域４は、図１及び図２に示すように、道路３に沿って隣接して形成される領域である。第一の領域４は、道路３と敷地との境界線から敷地側に道路３側に下る僅かな水勾配で形成される道路接続部９と、当該道路接続部９からさらに敷地内側に向かって上り勾配となっている勾配形成部１０と、を有している。第一の領域４は地面がそのまま露出して形成されている。ここで、道路接続部９に形成される水勾配は例えば１％から３％程度の勾配であり、雨水を道路接続部９の地表に貯留することなく道路３側の排水溝１１に水を流すことができるとともに、目視ではほぼ水平と理解される程度の勾配である。道路接続部９は、僅かな水勾配で形成されていることで、第一の領域４から道路３に土砂が流出することや植栽１２の枯葉などが道路３に流出することを防いでいる。また、第一の領域４の勾配形成部１０は、例えば水平に対して安息角以下の角度で道路３側に向かって下り勾配となっており、第一の領域４の土砂が道路３側に流出することを抑制している。なお、安息角は土質によるが、本実施形態においては例えば３５度であり、第一の領域４の勾配形成部１０の地面は３５度以下に形成されている。 The first region 4 is a region formed adjacent to the road 3, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The first area 4 consists of a road connection part 9 formed by a slight water gradient that goes down from the boundary line between the road 3 and the site to the site side, and a road connection part 9 that is formed by a slight water gradient going down to the road 3 side from the boundary line between the road 3 and the site, and further toward the inside of the site from the road connection part 9. The slope forming part 10 has an upward slope. The first region 4 is formed by exposing the ground as it is. Here, the water gradient formed at the road connection part 9 is, for example, a gradient of about 1% to 3%, so that rainwater is not stored on the ground surface of the road connection part 9 but flows into the drainage ditch 11 on the road 3 side. The slope is such that it can be seen visually as being almost horizontal. The road connecting portion 9 is formed with a slight water gradient to prevent soil from flowing from the first area 4 to the road 3 and dead leaves of the plants 12 from flowing into the road 3. . Further, the slope forming portion 10 of the first region 4 slopes downward toward the road 3 side at an angle less than the angle of repose with respect to the horizontal, so that the earth and sand of the first region 4 slopes toward the road 3 side. It prevents leakage. Although the angle of repose depends on the quality of the soil, in this embodiment it is, for example, 35 degrees, and the ground surface of the slope forming portion 10 of the first region 4 is formed to have an angle of 35 degrees or less.

第一の領域４の勾配形成部１０には、塀６が、道路３に面して形成されている。塀６は、図２及び図３に示すように、鋼製下地フレーム１３に外装化粧材１４を固定して形成されるものであり、第一の領域４の地面から所定高さまでが開いて道路３側から建築物２側に繋がる開口部１５を有している。開口部１５は、上縁の高さが、道路３の路面から例えば６４０ｍｍ上方に形成されており、上縁の中心線から勾配形成部１０から３２０ｍｍ程上方に形成されている。開口部１５の上縁は、第二の領域５の地面よりも低いことが好ましい。開口部１５の上縁の高さ寸法はこれに限定されるものではないが、道路３の路面よりも６４０ｍｍ程度高い位置が開口部１５の上縁であれば、一般的な通行人が道路３に立って塀６の開口部１５を見た場合でも塀６の内側にある第二の領域５を視認することはほとんどできず、第二の領域５のプライバシーを守ることができる。特に、第一の領域４の勾配形成部１０によって敷地の内側へは上り勾配となっているので、よほど低い位置から見上げなければ、第二の領域５を視認することができず、しかも開口部１５の上縁が第二の領域５の地面よりも低ければ道路３側から第二の領域５を視認することはより困難であり、確実に第二の領域５のプライバシーを守ることができる。 A fence 6 is formed in the slope forming part 10 of the first region 4 facing the road 3. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the fence 6 is formed by fixing an exterior decorative material 14 to a steel base frame 13, and is open up to a predetermined height from the ground in the first area 4 and is connected to the road. It has an opening 15 that connects from the third side to the building 2 side. The height of the upper edge of the opening 15 is, for example, 640 mm above the road surface of the road 3, and the opening 15 is formed about 320 mm above the slope forming part 10 from the center line of the upper edge. Preferably, the upper edge of the opening 15 is lower than the ground level of the second region 5. Although the height dimension of the upper edge of the opening 15 is not limited to this, if the upper edge of the opening 15 is at a position approximately 640 mm higher than the road surface of the road 3, a general passerby will be able to reach the road 3. Even if one stands and looks at the opening 15 of the fence 6, the second area 5 inside the fence 6 is hardly visible, and the privacy of the second area 5 can be protected. In particular, since the slope formation part 10 of the first area 4 creates an upward slope toward the inside of the site, it is difficult to see the second area 5 unless you look up from a very low position. If the upper edge of the second area 5 is lower than the ground level of the second area 5, it will be more difficult to visually recognize the second area 5 from the road 3 side, and the privacy of the second area 5 can be reliably protected.

鋼製下地フレーム１３は、例えば角型鋼管を組み合わせて形成されており、一対の柱材１６と、当該柱材１６の間に架設される上下の水平材１７と、上下の水平材１７の間に設けられる間柱２６と、柱材１６及び間柱２６の間に斜めに設けられる斜材２７とにより形成されている。柱材１６は、第一の領域４の勾配形成部１０の地中から立ち上がるようにコンクリートを打設して形成された基礎１８の上に立設されており、上側の水平材１７が１本が柱材１６の上端同士の間に架設されて固定され、下側の水平材１７の下面の中心線が勾配形成部１０の地面から上方に３２０ｍｍ離れる位置で、柱材１６の間に架設されて固定されている。間柱２６は、柱材１６から距離を開けて所定間隔で上下の水平材１７に固定される角型鋼管であり、ブレースは鋼製下地フレーム１３を補強する丸鋼材のブレースである。鋼製下地フレーム１３の道路３側及び敷地内側にはそれぞれ木製の横胴縁１９が等間隔で固定されており、当該横胴縁１９に外装化粧材１４が固定されている。外装化粧材１４は、材料が限定されるものではなく、例えば窯業系外装材、コンクリート系外装材、金属系外装材、樹脂系外装材などの様々な外装材を用いることができる。外装化粧材１４は、塀６の道路３側を向く面、及び敷地側を向く面を被覆するとともに、上面も被覆し、さらに、柱材１６の外周も被覆する。塀６の道路３側を向く面、及び敷地側を向く面を被覆する外装化粧材１４の下端は、下側の水平材１７よりも僅かに低く形成されており、鋼製下地フレーム１３の下側の水平材１７には、下面に下方を照らす照明２０が設けられている。照明２０は、例えば防水性を有する透明なチューブ内にＬＥＤ素子が連設されており、図示しない電源ケーブルが接続されて、塀６の開口部１５の下方を照らしている。 The steel base frame 13 is formed by combining square steel pipes, for example, and includes a pair of pillars 16, upper and lower horizontal members 17 installed between the pillars 16, and a space between the upper and lower horizontal members 17. It is formed by a stud 26 provided at the center and a diagonal member 27 provided diagonally between the column 16 and the stud 26. The pillars 16 are erected on a foundation 18 formed by pouring concrete so as to rise from the ground in the slope forming part 10 of the first region 4, and the upper horizontal member 17 is one piece. is constructed and fixed between the upper ends of the pillars 16, and is constructed between the pillars 16 at a position where the center line of the lower surface of the lower horizontal member 17 is 320 mm upward from the ground of the slope forming part 10. Fixed. The studs 26 are square steel pipes that are fixed to the upper and lower horizontal members 17 at predetermined intervals from the pillars 16, and the braces are round steel braces that reinforce the steel base frame 13. Wooden horizontal rims 19 are fixed at equal intervals on the road 3 side and the inside of the site of the steel base frame 13, respectively, and the exterior decorative material 14 is fixed to the horizontal rims 19. The material for the exterior decorative material 14 is not limited, and various exterior materials such as ceramic exterior materials, concrete exterior materials, metal exterior materials, and resin exterior materials can be used. The exterior decorative material 14 covers the surface of the fence 6 facing the road 3 side and the surface facing the site, and also covers the upper surface, and further covers the outer periphery of the pillar material 16. The lower end of the exterior decorative material 14 that covers the surface facing the road 3 side and the surface facing the site side of the fence 6 is formed slightly lower than the lower horizontal material 17, and the lower end of the exterior decorative material 14 covers the surface facing the road 3 side and the surface facing the site side. The side horizontal member 17 is provided with an illumination 20 on the lower surface to illuminate the downward direction. The lighting 20 has LED elements arranged in series in a transparent tube having waterproof properties, for example, and is connected to a power cable (not shown) to illuminate the lower part of the opening 15 of the fence 6.

また、第一の領域４の勾配形成部１０には、図２及び図４に示すように、植栽１２が植えられている。第一の領域４の地面は植栽１２の生育に適した土が用いられることが好ましい。植栽１２は、塀６の開口部１５の下方に配置され、開口部１５を跨いで塀６の道路３側及び敷地内側に枝葉が張り出して形成されている。このように、道路３側及び敷地内側の両側に開いている開口部１５の下方に植栽１２を張り出させて配置していることで、敷地内からも道路３側からも同じ植栽１２を鑑賞させることができ、効率的に自然豊かな外構空間を演出することができる。さらに、開口部１５が形成されていることで植栽１２や第二の領域５への通風性を高めることができる。また、道路３側及び建築物２側の両側が開放されていることで、塀６の立設される方角に関わらず植栽１２に太陽光が当たりやすくなって、植栽１２の生育環境をよりよくすることができる。そして、第一の領域４に勾配が設けられることで、道路３側から見た緑視率を高めることができ、街の景観をよりよくすることができる。しかも、図６に示すように、塀６の開口部１５の上縁における化粧外装材の間に下方を照らす照明２０が設けられていることで、夜間の植栽１２を照らすことができ、植栽１２によって反射した光が道路３側及び敷地内側の両側を照らすこととなるので、夜間の道路３及び第二の領域５の両方を明るく照らすことができ、敷地内のみならず敷地外の景観に資するとともに、街の防犯にも貢献できる。 Furthermore, plants 12 are planted in the slope forming portion 10 of the first region 4, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. It is preferable that the ground of the first region 4 be made of soil suitable for the growth of the plants 12. The planting 12 is arranged below the opening 15 of the fence 6, and is formed with branches and leaves extending over the opening 15 to the road 3 side of the fence 6 and to the inside of the site. In this way, by arranging the plants 12 so as to protrude below the openings 15 that are open on both sides of the road 3 side and inside the site, the same plants 12 can be seen both from inside the site and from the road 3 side. It is possible to efficiently create an exterior space rich in nature. Furthermore, by forming the opening 15, ventilation to the plants 12 and the second area 5 can be improved. In addition, since both sides of the road 3 and the building 2 are open, sunlight easily hits the plants 12 regardless of the direction in which the fence 6 is erected, improving the growing environment of the plants 12. We can do better. By providing the first region 4 with a slope, the green visibility rate seen from the road 3 side can be increased, and the scenery of the city can be improved. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 6, by providing the lighting 20 that illuminates the downward direction between the decorative exterior materials at the upper edge of the opening 15 of the fence 6, the plants 12 can be illuminated at night. Since the light reflected by the trees 12 illuminates both sides of the road 3 and the inside of the site, it is possible to brightly illuminate both the road 3 and the second area 5 at night, improving the scenery not only inside the site but also outside the site. It can also contribute to crime prevention in the city.

第二の領域５は、地面が第一の領域４の勾配形成部１０よりも緩やかな水勾配となって庭が形成されている。第二の領域５の地面は、例えば芝生や砂利敷きであってもよく、植栽や草花が植えられる土が露出するものであってもよい。第二の領域５は、図５に示すように、必ずしも庭に限定されるものではなく、例えばガレージや駐輪スペース等の様々な用途で使用されるものであってもよいが、その地面からある程度の雨水を地中に浸透させることが可能な浸透層２１であることが必要である。したがって、地表にアスファルトやコンクリートの層が形成されることは好ましくなく、地表から後述する通水層２２までに形成される浸透層２１には、例えば透水係数１０－５以上の土砂層が設けられる。なお、浸透層２１は土砂の層に限られるものではなく、所定の浸透能を有する様々な材料を用いることができる。また、本発明における外構構造１は、必ずしも第二の領域５の全面が雨水を浸透可能な浸透層２１である必要はなく、第二の領域５の一部に雨水を地中に浸透させる部分を形成するものであってもよい。 In the second region 5, the ground has a gentler water gradient than the gradient forming part 10 in the first region 4, and a garden is formed. The ground of the second area 5 may be, for example, grass or gravel, or the ground on which plants and flowers are planted may be exposed. As shown in FIG. 5, the second area 5 is not necessarily limited to a garden, and may be used for various purposes such as a garage or bicycle parking space, but the second area 5 is It is necessary that the permeation layer 21 is capable of allowing a certain amount of rainwater to permeate into the ground. Therefore, it is not preferable that a layer of asphalt or concrete be formed on the ground surface, and the permeable layer 21 formed from the ground surface to the permeable layer 22, which will be described later, is provided with, for example, a layer of earth and sand with a permeability coefficient of 10 -5 or more. . Note that the permeable layer 21 is not limited to a layer of earth and sand, and various materials having a predetermined permeability can be used. In addition, in the external structure 1 of the present invention, the entire surface of the second region 5 does not necessarily have to be the permeable layer 21 that allows rainwater to permeate, but a portion of the second region 5 that allows rainwater to permeate into the ground. It may also form a part.

そして、浸透層２１の下に形成される通水層２２は、地中に浸透した雨水を道路３側に流す層であり、例えば透水係数が１０－２以上の砂利層である。通水層２２は地中で道路３側に向かって下り勾配に配置されている。通水層２２は建築物２の基礎の近傍から第一の領域４の勾配形成部１０にまで広がって形成されており、外周縁が勾配形成部１０の地表に露出していてもよい。また、通水層２２の建築物２の基礎の近傍には、通水層２２から第二の領域５の地表近くまで延びて形成される導水部２３が形成されている。導水部２３は、通水層２２から連続し、当該通水層２２と同じ例えば透水係数が１０－２以上の砂利層で形成されている。 The permeable layer 22 formed under the permeable layer 21 is a layer that allows rainwater that has permeated into the ground to flow toward the road 3 side, and is, for example, a gravel layer with a permeability coefficient of 10 −2 or more. The water permeable layer 22 is arranged underground with a downward slope toward the road 3 side. The water permeable layer 22 is formed to extend from the vicinity of the foundation of the building 2 to the slope forming part 10 of the first region 4, and the outer peripheral edge may be exposed to the ground surface of the slope forming part 10. Further, a water guide portion 23 is formed near the foundation of the building 2 in the water permeable layer 22 and extends from the water permeable layer 22 to near the ground surface of the second region 5 . The water guide portion 23 is continuous from the water permeable layer 22, and is formed of the same gravel layer as the water permeable layer 22, for example, having a hydraulic conductivity of 10 −2 or more.

建築物２には外壁に沿って、建築物２の屋根等に降った雨を集めて流す雨樋のたて樋２４が設けられており、当該たて樋２４の下端は第二の領域５の導水部２３の上端が設けられた位置の上で途切れている。したがって雨樋を流れた水は第二の領域５の地面に注がれて、導水部２３を通って通水層２２に浸入する。たて樋２４は例えば円筒又は四角筒などの管状に形成されるものであってもよく、又は、例えば鎖樋であってもよい。 The building 2 is provided with a vertical rain gutter 24 along the outer wall that collects and drains rain that falls on the roof of the building 2, and the lower end of the vertical gutter 24 is connected to the second area 5. It is interrupted above the position where the upper end of the water guide portion 23 is provided. Therefore, the water flowing through the rain gutter is poured onto the ground in the second region 5 and enters the water permeable layer 22 through the water guide portion 23. The vertical gutter 24 may be formed in a tubular shape such as a cylinder or a square tube, or may be a chain gutter, for example.

第二の領域５及び第一の領域４の通水層２２の下には、浸透層２１及び通水層２２よりも雨水が浸透しにくい、例えば透水係数が１０－５以下の難透水層２５が設けられている。難透水層２５は、例えばシルト又は粘土で形成されており、通水層２２から下方に水が浸透することを抑制し、通水層２２を通る雨水が道路３側に流れるようにしている。なお、難透水層２５に替えて通水層２２の下に図示しない防水シートを設けていてもよい。また、本発明の外構構造１は、通水層２２の下方には難透水層２５が設けられるものに限られず、通水層２２よりも透水係数が低い土質の層であればよく、例えば通水層２２の上に配置されている浸透層２１と同じ土砂を踏み固めたものであってもよい。 Below the water-permeable layer 22 of the second region 5 and the first region 4, there is a low-permeable layer 25 that is more difficult for rainwater to permeate than the permeable layer 21 and the water-permeable layer 22, for example, the water permeability coefficient is 10 −5 or less. is provided. The impermeable layer 25 is made of, for example, silt or clay, and prevents water from penetrating downward from the water-permeable layer 22 so that rainwater passing through the water-permeable layer 22 flows toward the road 3 side. Note that a waterproof sheet (not shown) may be provided below the water-permeable layer 22 instead of the water-impermeable layer 25. Further, the external structure 1 of the present invention is not limited to the one in which the hardly permeable layer 25 is provided below the permeable layer 22, but any layer of soil having a lower permeability coefficient than the permeable layer 22 may be used, for example. The same earth and sand as the permeable layer 21 disposed on the permeable layer 22 may be compacted.

第二の領域５の地面は、１％から３％程度の緩やかな水勾配が道路３に向かって下るように形成されており、第二の領域５の浸透層２１における浸透能を超える降雨がある場合でも、図５及び図６に示すように、雨は第二の領域５の地面の上を通って道路３側に流れる。また、第二の地面の水勾配は、１％から３％程度の極めて緩やかなものであるので、目視ではほぼ水平と理解される程度の勾配であり、第二の領域５を庭などの用途で利用しやすい。また、第二の領域５の地面の高さは、塀６に設けられた開口部１５の上縁の高さ以上であることが好ましい。前述のように第二の領域５の地面の高さが開口部１５の上縁の高さ以上であると、道路３側から第二の領域５を視認することはより困難であり、確実に第二の領域５のプライバシーを守ることができる。第一の領域４の勾配形成部１０には植栽１２が植わっているので、道路３側から第二の領域５側を視認することはより困難であり、更により確実にプライバシーを守ることができる。 The ground of the second region 5 is formed so that a gentle water gradient of about 1% to 3% descends toward the road 3, and rainfall that exceeds the infiltration capacity of the permeable layer 21 of the second region 5 is formed. Even in such a case, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the rain flows over the ground in the second area 5 to the road 3 side. In addition, since the water gradient of the second ground is extremely gentle, ranging from about 1% to 3%, the gradient is such that it can be understood to be almost horizontal when visually observed, and the second area 5 is used for purposes such as gardens. Easy to use. Moreover, it is preferable that the height of the ground of the second region 5 is equal to or higher than the height of the upper edge of the opening 15 provided in the fence 6. As mentioned above, if the height of the ground in the second area 5 is higher than the height of the upper edge of the opening 15, it will be more difficult to visually recognize the second area 5 from the road 3 side. The privacy of the second area 5 can be protected. Since the plants 12 are planted in the slope forming part 10 of the first area 4, it is more difficult to visually recognize the second area 5 side from the road 3 side, and it is also difficult to protect privacy more reliably. can.

このように、第一の領域４の勾配形成部１０に植栽１２が設けられることで、植栽１２への水やりの際には、図６に示すように、塀６の敷地内側から水をやることで、勾配形成部１０の地面を流れて、塀６の外側にも水が伝わるので、植栽１２への水やりは敷地の内側からのみ行うことで、塀６の外側の植栽１２にも水を与えることができ、水やり作業をより効率的なものとすることができる。塀６は開口部１５が形成されることで、塀６の両端の柱脚以外は第一の領域４の地面から離れて形成されているので、植栽１２への水やりの際に塀６が汚れることや塀６にコケが繁殖することを抑制できる。 In this way, by providing the plants 12 in the slope forming part 10 of the first area 4, when watering the plants 12, as shown in FIG. By doing this, the water flows on the ground of the slope forming part 10 and reaches the outside of the fence 6, so by watering the plants 12 only from inside the site, it is possible to water the plants outside the fence 6. 12 can also be watered, making watering work more efficient. By forming the openings 15 in the fence 6, the parts other than the column bases at both ends of the fence 6 are formed away from the ground in the first area 4. Therefore, when watering the plants 12, the fence 6 It is possible to prevent the wall from becoming dirty and moss from growing on the wall.

さらに、たて樋２４からの雨水や第二の領域５の地面への降雨は導水部２３及び浸透層２１を通して通水層２２に入り、通水層２２を通って流下して植栽１２の根に当該雨水を供給できるので水やりの手間を低減することができる。 Furthermore, rainwater from the vertical gutter 24 and rainfall on the ground in the second area 5 enters the water permeable layer 22 through the water conducting part 23 and the permeable layer 21, flows down through the water permeable layer 22, and flows down to the plants 12. Since the rainwater can be supplied to the roots, the effort of watering can be reduced.

本発明の実施の形態は上述の形態に限ることなく、本発明の思想の範囲を逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更することができることは云うまでもない。 It goes without saying that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the scope of the idea of the present invention.

本発明に係る外構構造１は、戸建住宅の外構構造１としてとして好適である。 The exterior structure 1 according to the present invention is suitable as the exterior structure 1 of a detached house.

１ 外構構造
２ 建築物
３ 道路
４ 第一の領域
５ 第二の領域
６ 塀
１２ 植栽
１３ 構成下地フレーム
１４ 外装化粧材
１５ 開口部
２０ 照明
２２ 通水部
２３ 導水部 1 Exterior structure 2 Building 3 Road 4 First area 5 Second area 6 Fence 12 Planting 13 Base frame 14 Exterior decorative material 15 Opening 20 Lighting 22 Water flow section 23 Water conduction section

Claims (8)

建築物に隣接して屋外に形成される外構構造であって、
道路に隣接する第一の領域と、
前記第一の領域と前記建築物との間に配置される第二の領域と、
前記道路に面して前記第一の領域に配置される塀と、
を備え、
前記第一の領域の地面は、前記第二の領域の地面よりも急な勾配で、前記道路に向かって下り勾配に形成されており、
前記塀は、第一の領域の地面から所定高さまでが開いて前記道路側から前記建築物側に繋がる開口部を有しており、
前記第一の領域の地面には、植栽が設けられることを特徴とする外構構造。 An exterior structure formed outdoors adjacent to a building,
a first area adjacent to the road;
a second area located between the first area and the building;
a fence arranged in the first area facing the road;
Equipped with
The ground in the first area has a steeper slope than the ground in the second area, and is sloped downward toward the road;
The wall has an opening that is open from the ground to a predetermined height in the first area and connects from the road side to the building side,
An exterior structure characterized in that planting is provided on the ground of the first area. 前記植栽は、前記第一の領域の地面に、前記開口部を跨いで前記塀の両側に張り出して形成されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の外構構造。 2. The exterior structure according to claim 1, wherein the planting is formed on the ground of the first area so as to straddle the opening and overhang both sides of the fence. 前記第二の領域の地下から前記第一の領域の地下にかけて、雨水を流下可能な通水層が形成されており、
前記通水層は、前記植栽の根に前記雨水を供給可能であることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の外構構造。 A water-permeable layer is formed from the basement of the second region to the basement of the first region, and allows rainwater to flow down.
The exterior structure according to claim 2, wherein the water permeable layer is capable of supplying the rainwater to the roots of the plants. 前記建築物の雨どいから流れ出る水を地中の前記通水層に導く導水部をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の外構構造。 The exterior structure according to claim 3, further comprising a water guide portion that guides water flowing out of the rain gutters of the building to the water-permeable layer underground. 前記第二の領域の地面は、地表を流れる水を屋外に排水可能な水勾配を有するとともに、
前記第一の領域の地面は、安息角以下で、且つ、前記第二の領域の地面よりも急な勾配であることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項４のいずれかに記載の外構構造。 The ground of the second area has a water gradient that allows water flowing on the ground to be drained outdoors, and
5. The ground surface of the first region has a slope less than or equal to the angle of repose and has a steeper slope than the ground surface of the second region. External structure. 前記塀は、前記第一の領域の地面に設けられた基礎から上方に延びる一対の柱材と、前記柱材の間に架設される水平材と、を含む鋼製下地フレームと、
前記鋼製下地フレームの両側に固定される化粧外装材と、を備えることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５のいずれかに記載の外構構造。 The fence includes a steel base frame including a pair of pillars extending upward from a foundation provided on the ground in the first area, and a horizontal member installed between the pillars;
The exterior structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising decorative exterior materials fixed to both sides of the steel base frame. 前記塀は、前記開口部の上縁の前記化粧外装材の間に配置され、下方を照らす照明を備えることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の外構構造。 7. The exterior structure according to claim 6, wherein the fence is provided with a light that is arranged between the decorative exterior materials at the upper edge of the opening and illuminates the downward direction. 前記塀の前記開口部の上縁は、前記第二の領域の地面よりも低いことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項７のいずれかに記載の外構構造。 The exterior structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an upper edge of the opening of the fence is lower than the ground level of the second area.
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000034731A (en) 1998-05-09 2000-02-02 Shinkai Kogyo:Kk Wood fence
JP2001349100A (en) 2000-06-12 2001-12-21 Tatsuno Corp Fire fence

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5245579Y2 (en) * 1973-07-13 1977-10-17

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000034731A (en) 1998-05-09 2000-02-02 Shinkai Kogyo:Kk Wood fence
JP2001349100A (en) 2000-06-12 2001-12-21 Tatsuno Corp Fire fence

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