CN109479603B - Method for planting trees in impervious field suitable for tree array in park square - Google Patents
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- CN109479603B CN109479603B CN201811504917.XA CN201811504917A CN109479603B CN 109479603 B CN109479603 B CN 109479603B CN 201811504917 A CN201811504917 A CN 201811504917A CN 109479603 B CN109479603 B CN 109479603B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
A method for planting trees in impervious field includes digging or enlarging planting hole in the position of planting position before ground is paved, digging out a reverse conic shape, laying coarse sand layer on the bottom of planting hole, laying broken stone layer on the bottom of planting hole, arranging water pumping pipe on ground, lifting tree with soil balls, inserting water pipe under tree planting soil layer, filling water, and releasing tree to naturally sink to preset height. The invention can promote the survival of trees planted in the impervious area, reduce and eliminate the troubles that the trees need to be replaced after planting, and reduce the maintenance difficulty and the workload.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for planting trees in an impermeable field suitable for a park square tree array, and belongs to the technical field of tree planting.
Background
With the deep development of innovation, the living environment of people is greatly improved, various leisure and recreation parks bloom all the time, large-size trees are planted in a rectangular tree array form or a symmetrical form in a park entrance square, a square for exercise and a parking lot, the landscape effect is met, the shading effect is achieved, the breast diameter, the crown width, the branch point and the like of the trees are required to be basically consistent, the ranks are required to be orderly and consistent, and the specifications of planting holes are required to be consistent. However, the reserved tree pots in these areas are usually small, and often curb stones are used as cofferdams, stone pavement, marble slab pavement and other pavement slabs are arranged at the parts outside the cofferdams, and the cofferdams are covered by planting shrubs, flowers or lawns.
In the pavement paving process, the frost heaving and settlement effects of frozen soil on a square in winter are considered, and the pavement is generally paved by rolling and tamping basic plain soil, then rolling and tamping pseudo-ginseng gray soil, then pouring a concrete cushion layer and finally paving stone. In the whole construction process, except for reserving the tree cofferdam part when the concrete cushion is poured, all other construction processes comprise a tree planting place, so that the soil density of the planting place is greatly increased, the whole soil of the planting hole is in a watertight state and contains pseudo-ginseng gray soil with a certain thickness, the thickness of the pseudo-ginseng gray soil in some places reaches 60-80 cm in practice, most of the diameter of the reserved planting hole is smaller than that of a standard soil ball, under the condition, the planted trees are difficult to survive, and the replacement difficulty after the trees die is very high.
As is known, the diameter of a tree full-crown transplanted soil ball is not 8 times smaller than the diameter at breast height of the tree, the diameter of a planting hole is 60 cm larger than the diameter of the soil ball, the tree can root and survive, and long-term water accumulation cannot be guaranteed. In northern areas, in order to improve the landscape effect, square tree arrays are designed, and drought-resistant and water-intolerant tree species such as ginkgo, goldenrain tree, pagodatree, acer pentandra and the like are often adopted, so that the trees are more difficult to survive.
The existing counter measures mainly comprise:
1) the trees are heavily pruned to form a half crown, the soil ball is correspondingly reduced, and the surface of the soil ball is 5-10 cm higher than the ground surface during planting;
2) under the premise of heavy pruning and corresponding reduction of soil balls, broken stones with the thickness of 30 cm are laid at the bottoms of the planting holes, geotextile is laid on the broken stones to isolate the broken stones from the planting soil, hoses are respectively embedded from four corners, the lower ends of the hoses extend to the bottoms of the broken stones, and the upper ends of the hoses are 5 cm higher than the ground surface (square cofferdams for trees in squares).
However, these measures have some fatal defects while achieving certain results. For example:
1) the measures of reducing the crown and the soil ball and planting at high height are adopted, which is helpful for reducing the requirements on planting holes and promoting the survival of the trees, but can not ensure the landscape effect. Because the root growth is inhibited under the measures, the tree body grows slowly, the landscape effect of quickly growing the forest cannot be achieved, the tree grows slowly after the tree survives, the root cutting position of the main root at the upper part is exposed outside, the appearance is seriously influenced, and any plant cannot be planted for covering the ground;
2) the heavy pruning measures are adopted, so that the landscape effect cannot be ensured, and the growth of the tree, particularly the root system of the tree, is also inhibited, so that the growth of the tree body is slow;
3) the method has the advantages that the method adopts the measures of paving broken stones at the bottom of the planting hole and arranging the hose, is beneficial to survival of trees, but also needs to observe water level change at any time, once rainfall is large or after irrigation water is poured, accumulated water above the broken stone layer needs to be timely pumped out through the hose, so that the workload and difficulty of maintenance are obviously increased, the phenomenon that trees die due to waterlogging cannot be thoroughly eliminated due to the fact that an ideal state is difficult to achieve in practice, and in addition, the attractiveness is also influenced due to the fact that the thick hose is exposed outside.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for planting trees in an impervious field suitable for a park square tree array, which is used for promoting the survival of trees planted in the impervious area, reducing and eliminating the troubles that the trees need to be replaced after planting and reducing the maintenance difficulty and the workload.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for planting trees in impervious field of tree array in park includes digging or enlarging planting hole in the position of said planting hole before ground is spread, spreading a coarse sand layer on the bottom of planting hole, spreading a broken stone layer on the bottom of planting hole, arranging a ground water pumping pipe to make the lower pipe of said water pumping pipe be in the broken stone layer and the upper pipe be higher than ground surface of planting hole, lifting tree with soil ball to make the soil ball be above the position of soil ball in planting hole, filling soil in planting hole to a predefined height, inserting water pipe under tree planting layer, or extending water pipe under tree planting layer to flow water from bottom to top, mixing with planting soil to form slurry, releasing the tree to naturally sink to a set height, shaking the tree or slightly pressing the tree downwards to move the tree to the set height if the tree does not naturally sink before reaching the set height, and slightly lifting the tree to the set height or slightly higher than the set height and naturally settling to the set height when the tree naturally sinks to the set height.
The main body of the planting hole is preferably in an inverted conical shape (the horizontal section is a circular frustum shape), and the main body of the planting hole can also be in a square conical shape (the horizontal section is a square frustum shape) or any other suitable shape. Because the original planting hole is generally in a square column shape, the planting hole is trimmed into an inverted conical shape, and the operation amount is favorably reduced.
The bottom of the planting hole is preferably funnel-shaped or a cambered surface with a middle part protruding downwards, for example, the main part of the bottom of the planting hole can be a conical surface, or a spherical surface, or other curved surface shapes.
According to actual need, the bottom center of planting the cave can set up downwardly extending's deep cave to make the bottom of deep cave extends to below permeable bed, when need not set up deep cave just can meet with below permeable bed, then need not to set up this kind of deep cave.
The deep hole can be filled with coarse sand which is connected with the coarse sand paved at the bottom of the planting hole, and when the deep hole is arranged at the bottom of the planting hole and the coarse sand at the bottom is paved, the coarse sand flows into and fills the deep hole.
When the gravel layer is laid at the bottom of the planting hole, preferably, a water-permeable geotextile for separating the gravel layer from the planting soil layer is laid on the gravel layer so as to prevent the planting soil from flowing into the gravel layer under the condition of ensuring water permeability.
When the position of the tree in the planting hole needs to be adjusted, such as the adjustment of the center position, the inclination angle and the like, the adjustment is preferably carried out before the soil ball is not loosened by water immersion.
Preferably, after the tree is planted in place in the planting hole, the firm bracket is set to stabilize the tree.
Preferably, after the trees are planted in place in the planting holes, the infusion treatment is carried out, and nutrient solution is input.
Preferably, the soil of the planting hole is not pressed before and after the tree is planted in the planting hole, and the backfilled planting soil is not compacted.
Under normal environmental conditions, it is not usually necessary to irrigate secondary or even tertiary water as in the prior art after trees are planted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: because the inverted cone-shaped planting hole is adopted, and the planting hole is dug before the ground plate is paved, the ground pavement is not damaged, the influence on the ground beauty caused by digging the planting hole is avoided, the planting hole is effectively ensured to have a large enough space under the condition of not damaging the ground pavement and the cofferdam, and the adverse influence on the tree caused by the over-small planting hole is avoided; because the impermeable layer is dug completely or the water pumping pipe is arranged at the lowest part of the planting hole, water accumulation in the planting hole is effectively avoided; as water is poured from the bottom of the planting soil of the planting hole during planting and flows from bottom to top, the method is favorable for loosening the planting soil, improving the water permeability and air permeability of the planting soil and the capillary water storage and absorption capacity of the planting soil, and is favorable for forming soil, air and water conditions suitable for the growth of trees; the trees naturally settle in place in the planting soil slurry before the soil balls are not soaked in water to be loose, so that the soil is not pressed, the relaxation of the root systems of the trees is facilitated, the water permeability, air permeability, capillary water storage and water absorption capacity of the planting soil are improved, the soil air-water condition suitable for the growth of the trees is favorably formed, the one-time watering is ensured, the secondary or tertiary watering is not needed like the prior art, the operation is facilitated, and the trees can be better suitable for the water-tight and air-tight surrounding environment; because the coarse sand with a certain thickness is paved at the bottom of the planting hole, the saline-alkali components released by the pseudo-ginseng grey soil can directly permeate into the coarse sand layer along the edge of the planting hole and then be discharged from the planting hole, and the adverse effect of the saline-alkali components contained in the pseudo-ginseng grey soil on trees is obviously reduced or avoided.
According to field experiments, the survival rate of the trees planted in the park square by adopting the method is obviously improved and basically similar to that of the trees planted in the common environment, and the growth condition of the trees after years is not obviously different from that in the common environment.
The invention is suitable for planting trees in various waterproof fields such as a park square tree array and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a planting hole and a tree planted in place in the planting hole according to the invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the tree 2 is planted with a ball 12 at the root, and when in place, the top of the ball is substantially level or slightly above the ground surface in the planting hole.
A cofferdam 11 is arranged at the periphery of the top of the planting hole.
A pseudo-ginseng gray soil layer 9 is laid on an original soil layer 8 of a field where the planting holes are located, a paving stone 10 is laid on the pseudo-ginseng gray soil layer, and a concrete cushion layer is arranged between the paving stone and the pseudo-ginseng gray soil layer.
Generally, the planting hole penetrates through the pseudo-ginseng grey soil layer and is connected with the lower pervious original soil layer, so that water in the planting hole can seep through the lower original soil layer.
The main part of the planting hole is generally in the shape of an inverted cone, the bottom surface 7 is in the shape of a funnel or a curved surface with a middle part protruding downwards and is paved with coarse sand 4, such as river sand, the center of the bottom part is provided with a deep hole 6 extending downwards, and backfilled planting soil 3 is arranged between the soil ball and the edge 5 of the planting hole.
The invention has the following characteristics:
1) according to the characteristics of the park square tree array, the planting holes are dug into conical or square inverted funnel shapes, so that the root systems of the trees grow along the oblique lower part, and good conditions are created for the normal growth of the trees.
2) The bottom of the planting hole forms a low-lying part in the middle, a deep pit is dug at the low-lying part, and then coarse sand is filled in the deep pit, so that water flow gathers at one point and then permeates into the ground, and the problem of water impermeability is solved. And the strong alkalinity in the pseudo-ginseng grey soil directly permeates underground along the coarse sand along with water flow, so that the pH value of the planting soil is stable.
3) When the impermeable layer can not be penetrated, a permeable hose and gravel adding method is adopted to solve the problem.
4) The planting soil does not adopt any pressing measure, and adopts a downward-upward irrigation measure, so that the purpose of one-time water irrigation can be achieved, the water accumulation in the planting holes is avoided, and the permeability of the planting soil is ensured, which is the key in the main technical measure of the invention.
5) The planted trees naturally settle to the planting height, so that the root systems of the trees are easier to extend and grow, and the soil permeability is stronger.
6) After enough water is poured at one time, other watering times are cancelled, unnecessary waste is reduced, meanwhile, soil permeability is guaranteed, and the phenomenon that the tree is rotten and dead is avoided.
7) Timely and continuously injecting nutrient solution to prevent the occurrence of strip drawing from top to bottom, so that the trees can grow normally.
The specific construction mode or the construction key points of the invention are as follows:
before stone paving of a field is carried out, the accurate position of the planted tree is measured in detail again, the size of a planting hole is determined according to the specification of a soil ball of the planted tree after the position is fixed, and if the reserved planting hole is smaller than the soil ball, the planting hole is timely enlarged. Because the tree soil ball is round and the reserved planting holes are square, the planting holes can be modified into round shapes according to actual conditions if necessary;
when digging the planting hole, the planting hole is conical, namely the bottom opening is large, the upper opening is small, and the maximum angle can be 45 degrees. If the reserved planting hole is larger than the soil ball standard, the concrete cushion is not damaged when the planting hole is dug, the tree hole is dug downwards along the concrete cushion to form a square inverted funnel shape, and similarly, the maximum angle is 45 degrees;
digging to penetrate the thickness of the ash soil of the pseudo-ginseng until the impermeable layer is penetrated and the planting hole is proper in size. If the digging depth exceeds 150 cm, the water-tight layer can not be penetrated, and the bottom of the planting hole is
Digging into a funnel shape, namely a shape with high periphery and low middle part, wherein the gradient can be more than 100 percent, and continuously digging a deep pit with the diameter of 20-30 cm at the middle part until normal permeable soil is dug;
and after the planting hole is dug, cleaning all the dug soil. Coarse sand with the thickness of 20 cm is paved at the bottom of the planting hole, and if a pit is formed at the bottom of the planting hole, the coarse sand is applied to fill the pit and then the coarse sand with the thickness of 20 cm is paved;
backfilling planting soil above the coarse sand;
if all the soil is impervious to water, under the premise of digging a deep pit at the bottom of the planting hole, a water-permeable hose with the diameter of 15 cm is used as a water pumping pipe, the bottom opening is placed at the lowest point of the planting hole, then broken stones with the thickness of 30 cm are laid, a layer of geotextile with the weight of 100 g per square meter is laid on the broken stones to be isolated from the planting soil, the water-permeable hose obliquely passes through the broken stone layer and then vertically extends upwards to one corner of the square planting hole, and the top end of the water-permeable hose is 3-5 cm higher than the ground surface;
the trees are usually vertically hoisted by a crane during planting. In view of the above, the backfilling of the planting soil does not adopt any compaction measure, the planting fixed point must be accurate, and the height of the soil ball should be 20 cm higher than the preset planting height;
after planting, a firm bracket must be set immediately to stabilize the tree. When watering, the water pipe is inserted into the bottom of the planting hole to enable the water to flow upwards from bottom to top, and meanwhile, the bracket is loosened to enable the trees to naturally settle to a preset height along with the soil. If the tree is still higher than the predetermined height, the tree will sink if the tree is gently shaken while watering through water. It should be noted that: when the water spreads to the ground surface, all the planting soil is in a slurry state, and the soil balls are dried, namely the balls can be randomly adjusted in the slurry. If the time is delayed, when the soil ball is soaked by the water, the adjustment is not allowed any more;
as the water-proof layers are arranged outside the limited cofferdam (including the curb cofferdam) and soil moisture is difficult to diffuse outwards, except for extremely special conditions, only one time of water permeation is needed to be poured during planting, and the second time and the third time of water are not needed to be poured conventionally;
after trees are planted, infusion treatment should be carried out immediately, nutrient solution is input in time to supplement the loss of water and nutrition of the trees in time, and particularly, the trees are transported for a long distance and do not reach the standard with soil balls. Due to the loss of water, a bag of nutrient solution can be absorbed within one hour after the initial transfusion, and the nutrient solution must be input in time. As time goes on, the speed of the nutrient solution absorbed by the tree body is slower and slower until the absorption is stopped.
The method is simple to operate, economical and practical, and compared with other normal planting modes, the method has the advantages that labor cost is paid for digging the planting holes, and the other cost is obviously lower than the normal planting management cost.
According to different conditions, the planting hole is dug into a conical shape or a square inverted funnel shape, so that the problem of large soil balls is solved, the root system of the tree can extend towards the deep soil due to the large bottom of the planting hole and the small upper opening, the growth space of the tree is enlarged, the effects of large root depth and luxuriant root depth of the tree are achieved, and meanwhile, the stability of the foundation of the paving engineering is not damaged.
The periphery of the bottom of the planting hole is high and the middle is low, and the pits are dug at the lowest point, so that gravity water is gathered from the bottom to the lowest point and permeates into the ground, the problem of impermeability is solved, the normal growth of trees is ensured, and strong alkaline water leached by surrounding pseudo-ginseng grey soil directly flows into a sand layer along the outer wall of the planting hole and then permeates into the ground due to the isolation and permeation of a sand layer at the bottom, so that the influence of the over-high pH value on the growth of the trees by the planting. The sand paved at the bottom can relieve the harm of overlarge moisture to trees because the gap in the sand layer is larger.
When the waterproof layer cannot be penetrated under special conditions, the bottom of the waterproof layer is paved with broken stones, the broken stones are separated from the planting soil by geotextile, and the water-permeable hose is paved, so that the problem of accumulated water and root rot can be effectively solved. When all the soil is soaked by one-time watering, all the planting soil is slurry, after all the soil balls are soaked, the excess water is pumped out through the water-permeable hose, and when the gravels are submerged by the water again, the excess water is pumped out again until the gravity water in the planting holes is always kept below the geotextile. Although the method increases the water pumping procedure, the method can ensure that the trees cannot accumulate water and rot roots. Meanwhile, due to the sufficient soil depth in the planting hole and the larger growth space at the periphery, the strong growth of the trees can be ensured.
From the bottom to once only irritate sufficient water, not only avoid going the trouble that the limit was filled out soil and is trampled on and really brought, once only water thoroughly moreover, remove and water once more, more importantly: after the soil naturally settles, the porosity of the soil is increased, the permeability is strong, the tree root system respiration and growth are facilitated, and the root rot phenomenon caused by unsmooth tree root system respiration is fundamentally avoided. Meanwhile, as the soil has good permeability, the aerobic bacteria can decompose organic matters in the soil, so that the organic matters are converted into fertilizers for the growth of trees, and the trees are promoted to grow more robustly.
The nutrient solution is input immediately after the tree is planted, so that the water evaporated from the tree body during the seedling raising and transportation period can be supplemented in time, the phenomenon that the tree body is dried up from top to bottom due to water loss at the top is prevented, and meanwhile, as the root system of the tree grows and needs a large amount of nutrient support, the input nutrient solution not only can supplement the water of the tree body, but also can promote the root of the tree to be cut off and generate a new root system in time, so that the survival of the tree is ensured.
The invention aims to solve the problem of root rot of ponding of trees in squares at one time, and can ensure the preset landscape effect and the survival rate of 100 percent for other reasons.
The impermeable site is a site comprising an impermeable layer which has an influence on the growth of planting holes or trees.
The technical means disclosed by the invention can be combined arbitrarily to form a plurality of different technical schemes except for special description and the further limitation that one technical means is another technical means.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting trees in impervious field of tree array in park includes digging or enlarging planting hole in the position of said planting hole before ground is spread, spreading a coarse sand layer on the bottom of planting hole, spreading a broken stone layer on the bottom of planting hole, arranging a ground water pumping pipe to make the lower pipe of said water pumping pipe be in the broken stone layer and the upper pipe be higher than ground surface of planting hole, lifting tree with soil ball to make the soil ball be above the position of soil ball in planting hole, filling soil in planting hole to a predefined height, inserting water pipe under tree planting layer, or extending water pipe under tree planting layer to flow water from bottom to top, mixing with planting soil to form slurry, releasing the tree to naturally sink to a set height, shaking the tree or slightly pressing the tree downwards to move the tree to the set height if the tree does not naturally sink before reaching the set height, and slightly lifting the tree to the set height or slightly higher than the set height and naturally settling to the set height when the tree naturally sinks to the set height.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the implant hole body is in the shape of an inverted cone or a square cone.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the planting hole is funnel-shaped or a middle part of the planting hole is downward convex.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the planting hole is provided with or without a downward extending deep hole at the center of the bottom, the bottom of the deep hole extends to the lower permeable layer, and the deep hole is filled with coarse sand.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein when the gravel layer is laid on the bottom of the planting hole, a water-permeable geotextile for separating the gravel layer from the planting soil layer is laid on the gravel layer.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when it is desired to adjust the position of the tree in the planting hole, the adjustment is carried out before the soil ball is loosened by the water.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein a firm scaffold is established to stabilize the tree after the tree is planted in place in the planting hole.
8. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the infusion treatment is carried out after the tree is planted in place in the planting hole, and the nutrient solution is infused.
9. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the soil of the planting hole is not compacted before and after the tree is planted in the planting hole, and the backfilled planting soil is not compacted.
10. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein under normal environmental conditions, secondary water is not applied after the tree is planted.
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| CN110495279A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-26 | 广州市绿化公司 | A kind of afforestation vegetation implantation methods and soil layer construction |
| CN111466274A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-07-31 | 创景园林建设有限公司 | Greening tree transplanting structure and transplanting method |
| CN115142308A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-04 | 扬州市建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Greening rooting rejuvenation expansion type road structure and construction method thereof |
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| JP2012095594A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2012-05-24 | Tankatsu:Kk | Water-storing type planting container |
| CN202232370U (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-05-30 | 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理有限公司 | Greening system for treatment of high water level impervious saline-alkali soil |
| CN102860245B (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-07-09 | 潍坊高新区力蒙水产研究所 | Construction method of water-storage drip irrigation system for plants |
| CN103098628A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-05-15 | 林平 | Tree-plating funnel for soil-film composite drought resisting |
| CN103636451B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-11-18 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Pearl guava arid hillside field Root growth method |
| CN203951998U (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-11-26 | 杭州赛石园林集团有限公司 | A kind of large tree ventilating drainage guard system |
| CN204491550U (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-07-22 | 中交四公局第二工程有限公司 | Sidewalk tree pond kind plant hole hydraulic pressure automatic water pump |
| CN205124490U (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-04-06 | 上海生特瑞建设有限公司 | Structure soil greening system |
| CN205987762U (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-03-01 | 北京东方园林生态股份有限公司 | A kind of draining kind plant hole structure of cleansing and recycling |
| CN106718510A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 罗景 | The cultural method of tree peony |
| CN207767005U (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-08-28 | 银广厦集团有限公司 | A kind of park formula seedling growth structure |
| CN208144055U (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-11-27 | 新邵县盛源农业开发有限公司 | A kind of soil layer construction for fingered citron plantation |
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