JP7279153B2 - 高分子バインダー及びそれを含む全固体二次電池 - Google Patents
高分子バインダー及びそれを含む全固体二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7279153B2 JP7279153B2 JP2021512067A JP2021512067A JP7279153B2 JP 7279153 B2 JP7279153 B2 JP 7279153B2 JP 2021512067 A JP2021512067 A JP 2021512067A JP 2021512067 A JP2021512067 A JP 2021512067A JP 7279153 B2 JP7279153 B2 JP 7279153B2
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- polymer binder
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- aliphatic polycarbonate
- diyl group
- solid electrolyte
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- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 131
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 title claims description 129
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 101
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000006840 diphenylmethane group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- -1 sulfide compound Chemical class 0.000 description 95
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 73
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 39
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 31
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 23
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 18
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- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
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- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
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- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
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- NQXNYVAALXGLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[9-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluoren-9-yl]phenoxy]ethanol Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCO)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(OCCO)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 NQXNYVAALXGLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015186 B2S3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910005842 GeS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910004600 P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N1CC1CO1 OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IJWIRZQYWANBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-propan-2-ylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-propan-2-ylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C(C)C)=C1 IJWIRZQYWANBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SATWKVZGMWCXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3,5-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)phenyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(O)=O)=CC(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C1 SATWKVZGMWCXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VOWWYDCFAISREI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol AP Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 VOWWYDCFAISREI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTVITOHKHWFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol B Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HTVITOHKHWFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018040 Li 1+x Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018133 Li 2 S-SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009178 Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009320 Li2S-SiS2-LiBr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007291 Li2S—SiS2—LiBr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013364 LiBr—LiCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016323 MxSy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910006095 SO2F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical class [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IDNPYAGJESKNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1,4,4-tetramine Chemical compound NC(N)CCC(N)N IDNPYAGJESKNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VXUXERTYWGQIOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,1,4,4-tetramine Chemical compound NC1(C=CC(C=C1)(N)N)N VXUXERTYWGQIOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1 WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004914 cyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Inorganic materials [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- KFIGICHILYTCJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-methylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CNCCN KFIGICHILYTCJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROTJZTYLACIJIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O ROTJZTYLACIJIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
尚、本発明に使用する共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートは、構造単位の配列は特に限定されず、例えば、ランダム共重合体であっても、交互共重合体であっても、ブロック共重合体であっても、グラフト共重合体であってもよい。
分散率(%)=(残存物量/理論量)×100・・・(a)
上記式中の「理論量」とは、試料高分子バインダーの全量がクロロホルム又はアニソール中に分散したと仮定したときの、分散液の高分子バインダーの濃度(質量%)、及び、採取した該分散液の質量(g)から算出される高分子バインダーの質量(g)である。
また、「残存物量」は、前記採取した分散液を、乾燥してクロロホルムを除去したときに、実際に残存した試料高分子バインダーの質量(g)である。
これらの固体硫化物は、1種のみを使用しても、複数組み合わせて使用してもよい。
他の成分の正極中の含有量は、特に限定されないが、10質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
負極活物質としては、全固体二次電池で使用可能な公知の負極活物質を使用することができる。例としてはメソカーボンマイクロビーズ、グラファイト、ハードカーボン、ソフトカーボン等の炭素材料、Li4Ti5O12、等のリチウムチタン酸化物、Li等の金属が挙げられる。
有機溶媒は、前記原材料の溶液又は分散液が、塗布可能な程度となる量で使用される。
重量平均分子量(Mw)、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定した標準ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)、数平均分子量(Mn)の値から求めた。分子量分布(Mw/Mn)とは数平均分子量(Mn)に対する重量平均(Mw)の比で表される値である。
ガラス転移温度は、T・A・インスツルメント株式会社製示差走査型熱量計(Q20)により試料10mgを窒素雰囲気下中で、-100℃から速度20℃/minで200℃まで昇温して測定した。
ポリマー構造は、重クロロホルム溶液中、日本電子株式会社製核磁気共鳴装置JNM-ECA600スペクトルメーターを使用して、1H-NMRを測定し、その構造を確認した。
以下の操作により、三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートの合成を行った。
撹拌機、窒素ガス導入管、温度計、真空コントローラー、還流冷却管を備えた0.3Lの三口フラスコに、1,4-ブタンジオール55.2g(612.5mmol)、1,10-デカンジオールを15.3g(87.5mmol)、ジフェニルカーボネート(アルドリッチ社製)150.0g(700mmol)及び炭酸水素ナトリウム0.59mg(7μmol)を入れ、撹拌しながら200℃に昇温した。次に1kPa/minで減圧しながら0.5℃/minで昇温を行い、2時間撹拌した。その後減圧下、260℃で5分間撹拌し、重合反応を行った。反応終了後、三口フラスコを冷却し、共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートEを得た。得られた共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートEの重量平均分子量は3.0×103(Mw/Mn=2.0)であった。得られた共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートEの構造は1H-NMRにより確認した。この共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートEの分解開始温度は335℃、分解終了温度は380℃であった。
撹拌機、窒素ガス導入管、温度計、真空コントローラー、還流冷却管を備えた0.3Lの三口フラスコに、得られた共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE 150g(50mmol)、ペンタエリスリトール(和光純薬工業株式会社製)0.73g(5mmol)、ジフェニルカーボネート11.5g(53mmol)、炭酸水素ナトリウム0.04mg(0.5μmol)を入れ、撹拌しながら200℃に昇温した。次に1kPa/minで減圧しながら0.5℃/minで昇温を行い、2時間撹拌した。その後減圧下、260℃で5分間撹拌し、重合反応を行った。反応終了後、三口フラスコを冷却し、三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE1を得た。得られた三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE1の重量平均分子量は7.2×104(Mw/Mn=4.4)であった。得られた三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE1の構造は1H-NMRにより確認した(図1)。この三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE1の分解開始温度は340℃、分解終了温度は382℃であった。
次に、上記で得られた三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE1から以下の方法で高分子バインダー膜を製造した。
実施例1により得られた三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE1に、LiFSIの含有率が32質量%(実施例1-2)となるように秤量したLiFSIを混合してアセトニトリル中で良く撹拌し、30質量%の高分子バインダーの分散液E1-2を得た。続いて、高分子バインダーの分散液E1-2をそれぞれ1mL、マイクロピペッターを用いて銅薄膜片面に5cm四方となるように均一に塗布した。60℃で3時間乾燥した後、さらに減圧下60℃で3時間乾燥し、LiFSIが32質量%であり、厚みが0.065mmである透明な高分子バインダー膜E1-2を得た(表1)。
ペンタエリスリトールを用いなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様に実施し、非架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE2の高分子バインダーを得た。得られた非架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE2の重量平均分子量は7.1×104(Mw/Mn=1.9)であった。得られた非架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE2の構造は1H-NMRにより確認した(図2)。この非架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE2の分解開始温度は339℃、分解終了温度は378℃であった。
実施例1と同様に実施して共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートEを得、続いて共重合反応を次の通りに行った。
実施例1と同様に実施し共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートEを得、続いて共重合反応を次の通りに行った。
ビスフェノールAの代わりに4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテルを用いた点以外は実施例4と同様に実施し、三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE5を得た。得られた三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE5の重量平均分子量は4.2×104(Mw/Mn=3.2)であった。得られた三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE5の構造は、1H-NMRにより確認した。この三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE5の分解開始温度は330℃、分解終了温度は383℃であった。
実施例1と同様に実施して共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートEを得、続いて共重合反応を次の通りに行った。
この三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートE6の分解開始温度は364℃、分解終了温度は417℃であった。
<ガラス転移温度評価>
表1に示すように、実施例2-2の高分子バインダーは実施例2-1の高分子バインダーと同程度のガラス転移温度であり、LiFSIの添加後も十分に低い値を維持することが確認された。また、実施例1の高分子バインダーは実施例2の高分子バインダーと同程度のガラス転移温度であり、三次元架橋構造の導入後も高分子バインダーとして望ましい性質を有することが確認された。更に、実施例3~6の高分子バインダーは、バインダーの抵抗値を下げる目的としてLiFSIを添加した場合、実施例2の高分子バインダーよりも低いガラス転移温度であり、スピログリコールとトリエチレングリコールや、ビスフェノールA、ジフェニルエーテルの共重合後も高分子バインダーとして望ましい性質を有することが確認された。
高分子バインダーの無機固体電解質と集電箔との結着性評価は、以下の(i)アルミ箔に対する結着性、(ii)硫化物系固体電解質に対する結着性、の2種類で行った。
リチウムイオン二次電池用バインダーにおける一般的な評価法であるアルミ箔に対する接着性(接着性)により評価した。具体的には次の方法により行った。
実施例1、2で得られた30質量%の高分子バインダーのアセトニトリル分散液2.5mLをアルミ箔上に縦150mm、横60mmとなるように均一に塗布した。
実施例3~6で得られた15質量%の高分子バインダーのTHF分散液2.5mLをアルミ箔上に縦150mm、横60mmとなるように均一に塗布した。
高分子バインダーの硫化物系固体電解質に対する結着性評価は次のように行った。
次に、高分子バインダーB6が10質量%となるようにアニソールを添加し、分散液D6を作製した。
硫化物系固体電解質として、粉体状のLPS(75Li2S-25P2S5)に対して、高分子バインダーB6が6質量%となるように分散液D6を添加し、乳鉢で混合・撹拌し、固体電解質スラリーを作製した。固体電解質スラリーを乾燥させ、得られた粉体を300MPaでプレスして、高分子バインダーを含有する固体電解質膜を得た。
高分子バインダーを含有する固体電解質膜の破断強度は1.5MPaであった。一方高分子バインダーを含有しない固体電解質膜の破断強度0.85MPaであった。
以上より、本発明の高分子バインダーは、硫化物系固体電解質を強固に結着することを確認した。
イオン伝導度は次の方法により得た。
実施例1~6で得られた高分子バインダー膜を、それぞれ直径16mmの円形に切り抜き、2枚のステンレス鋼板で挟み、2032コイン電池型セルを作成した。
σ=L/(R×S)・・・(b)
前記式(b)において、σはイオン伝導度(S/cm)、Rはインピーダンス(Ω)、Sは高分子バインダー膜の断面積(cm2)、Lは高分子バインダー膜の厚み(cm)である。
高分子バインダーの疎水性溶媒分散性は次の通り評価した。
実施例1~2で作製した高分子バインダー分散液を、それぞれ、30mLバイアルに分注し、100℃で6時間乾燥した後、更に減圧下60℃で3時間乾燥した。また、実施例3~5で作成した高分子バインダー分散液を、それぞれ、30mLバイアルに分注し、60℃で5時間乾燥した後、更に減圧下50℃で4時間乾燥した。
分散率=残存物量/理論残存物量×100・・・(c)
更に、実施例3~6の高分子バインダーは、実施例2の高分子バインダーに比べリチウム32質量%添加後もアニソールに高い分散性を示すことが分かった。特に、実施例3及び6は、高添加量であるリチウム50質量%添加後もアニソールに分散性を示すことが分かった。
以上より、実施例1及び3~6の高分子バインダーは疎水性溶媒への分散性が高いことが確認された。
Claims (5)
- 前記三次元架橋型共重合脂肪族ポリカーボネートは、前記式(1)と前記式(2)の合計と、水酸基を3以上有するポリオールに由来する構成成分との割合が、モル比で(99.99:0.01)~(90:10)である、請求項3に記載の高分子バインダー。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の高分子バインダーを含む全固体二次電池。
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WO2016125716A1 (ja) | 2015-02-04 | 2016-08-11 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 全固体二次電池、これに用いる固体電解質組成物および電池用電極シートならびに電池用電極シートおよび全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
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