JP7263612B1 - Artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation, medium for mushroom cultivation, artificial mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents
Artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation, medium for mushroom cultivation, artificial mushroom cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229940078583 calcium aluminosilicate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
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- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical class [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C#C)C(OC)=C1 IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C)O1 DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001715 Lentinula edodes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013527 bean curd Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[[oxido(oxo)silyl]oxy]silane hydrate Chemical class O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])=O FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】短い生育日数でも品質が優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能にする、きのこ栽培用人工培養基、きのこ栽培用培地、及びきのこの人工栽培方法を提供することを目的とする。【解決手段】ＣａＯを３０～６０質量％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を１０～６０質量％、ＳｉＯ２を５～４０質量％、及びＰ２Ｏ５を１００～５，０００ｐｐｍの質量割合で含有する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムを含む、きのこ栽培用人工培養基である。【選択図】なしAn object of the present invention is to provide an artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation, a medium for mushroom cultivation, and a method for artificial cultivation of mushrooms, which make it possible to cultivate mushrooms of excellent quality with a high yield even if the number of growing days is short. . Amorphous calcium aluminosilicate containing 30 to 60% by mass of CaO, 10 to 60% by mass of Al2O3, 5 to 40% by mass of SiO2, and 100 to 5,000 ppm of P2O5 by mass. , is an artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation. [Selection figure] None
Description
本発明は、きのこ栽培用人工培養基、該きのこ栽培用人工培養基を含むきのこ栽培用培地、該きのこ栽培用培地を用いるきのこの人工栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation, a mushroom cultivation medium containing the artificial mushroom cultivation medium, and a mushroom artificial cultivation method using the mushroom cultivation medium.
従来、きのこの栽培は、くぬぎ、ぶな、及びならなどの原木を利用したほだ木栽培がほとんどであり、そのため気象条件により収穫が左右されることが多いという問題があった。また、ほだ木栽培では栽培期間が長く、種菌の接種からきのこの収穫までに１年半～２年も要するので、生産コストが相当高くつくという問題もあった。 Conventionally, most mushrooms have been cultivated by hardwood cultivation using raw wood such as sawtooth oak, beech, and oak, and therefore there was a problem that the harvest was often affected by weather conditions. In addition, since the cultivation period is long in the cultivation of hardwood, and it takes one and a half to two years from the inoculation of the inoculum to the harvesting of the mushrooms, the production cost is considerably high.
近年、えのきたけ、ひらたけ、なめこ、及びしいたけ等は、鋸屑に米糠を配合した人工培養基を用い、瓶または箱で培養を行う菌床人工栽培方法が確立され、一年を通じて、四季に関係なく安定してこれらのきのこが収穫できるようになっている。すなわち、農家での副業的性格が強く、小規模生産に頼っていた従来のきのこの栽培が、現在では大規模専業生産が可能で、かつ、原料が入手しやすい菌床人工栽培方法に移りつつある。しかしながら、この菌床人工栽培においても、きのこを大量に連続栽培するには、いまだ収率も低く、かつ、栽培期間がかなり長いため、その生産コストは安価とはいえず、これら生産性の改善が切望されている。 In recent years, mushroom bed artificial cultivation methods have been established in which enokitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, and shiitake mushrooms are cultivated in bottles or boxes using an artificial culture medium containing sawdust mixed with rice bran. These mushrooms can be harvested stably. In other words, the traditional cultivation of mushrooms, which had a strong sideline character and relied on small-scale production, is now shifting to a mushroom bed artificial cultivation method that allows large-scale specialized production and that is easy to obtain raw materials. be. However, even in this mushroom bed artificial cultivation, the yield is still low and the cultivation period is quite long for continuous cultivation of large amounts of mushrooms, so the production cost is not cheap. is coveted.
生産性を改善する方法として培地に特定の組成物を配合する方法が知られている。例えば、カルシウムアルミネート系化合物を含有する組成物（特許文献１）、アルミノケイ酸カルシウム系化合物を含有する組成物やその水和物（特許文献２～４）、アルミノケイ酸マグネシウム系化合物を含有する組成物（特許文献５及び６）等が従来技術として知られている。 A known method for improving productivity is to add a specific composition to the medium. For example, a composition containing a calcium aluminate compound (Patent Document 1), a composition containing a calcium aluminosilicate compound and its hydrates (Patent Documents 2 to 4), and a composition containing a magnesium aluminosilicate compound. (Patent Documents 5 and 6) and the like are known as prior art.
しかしながら、上記従来技術では、短い生育日数で品質の優れたきのこの収率を高くすることが難しかった。
本発明は、上記のような問題を解決するため、短い生育日数でも品質が優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能にする、きのこ栽培用人工培養基、きのこ栽培用培地、及びきのこの人工栽培方法を提供することを目的とする。なお、品質の優れたきのことは、生産組合が定めた規格に満足するきのこをいう。例えば、ぶなしめじの場合、品質の優れたきのことは、株の接着性が良好で株元の張りが強いものをいう。これにより、軸が太いきのこを一株にまとまっている状態で出荷することができる。また、生産組合が定めた規格によりきのこを出荷することにより、きのこの市場価値を高くすることができる。
However, with the above conventional technology, it is difficult to increase the yield of high-quality mushrooms in a short growing period.
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides an artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation, a medium for mushroom cultivation, and mushroom cultivation, which enable cultivation of high-yield mushrooms with excellent quality even in a short number of growing days. The object is to provide an artificial cultivation method. High-quality mushrooms refer to mushrooms that meet the standards set by the production association. For example, in the case of bunashimeji mushrooms, high-quality mushrooms are those that have good adhesive properties and strong roots. As a result, mushrooms with thick stems can be shipped in a single stock. Moreover, the market value of mushrooms can be increased by shipping mushrooms according to the standards set by the production association.
本発明者らは、上記の目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を進めたところ、ＣａＯ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＯ２、及びＰ２Ｏ５の含有割合が所定の範囲内にあるアルミノケイ酸カルシウムを含むきのこ栽培用人工培養基を用いることにより、短い生育日数でも品質が優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能にすることを見出した。 The present inventors have made intensive studies to achieve the above object, and found that calcium aluminosilicate containing CaO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and P 2 O 5 content within a predetermined range It has been found that the use of an artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation makes it possible to cultivate high-quality mushrooms with a high yield even in a short growing period.
［１］ ＣａＯを３０～６０質量％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を１０～６０質量％、ＳｉＯ２を５～４０質量％、及びＰ２Ｏ５を１００～５，０００ｐｐｍの質量割合で含有する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムを含む、きのこ栽培用人工培養基。
［２］ 前記非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムが、さらにＺｒＯ２を１００～５，０００ｐｐｍの質量割合で含有する、上記［１］に記載のきのこ栽培用人工培養基。
［３］ 前記非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウム中のＳｉＯ２とＰ２Ｏ５とのモル比（ＳｉＯ２／Ｐ２Ｏ５）が、２０～９，５００である、上記［１］または［２］に記載のきのこ栽培用人工培養基。
［４］ 上記［１］～［３］のいずれか１つに記載のきのこ栽培用人工培養基を含む、きのこ栽培用培地。
［５］ 上記［４］に記載のきのこ栽培用培地を用いる、きのこの人工栽培方法。
[1] Amorphous material containing 30 to 60% by mass of CaO, 10 to 60% by mass of Al 2 O 3 , 5 to 40% by mass of SiO 2 and 100 to 5,000 ppm of P 2 O 5 1. An artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation, containing qualitative calcium aluminosilicate.
[2] The artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation according to [1] above, wherein the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate further contains ZrO 2 at a mass ratio of 100 to 5,000 ppm.
[3] The above [1] or [2], wherein the molar ratio of SiO 2 and P 2 O 5 (SiO 2 /P 2 O 5 ) in the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate is 20 to 9,500. The artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation according to 1.
[4] A mushroom cultivation medium comprising the mushroom cultivation artificial culture medium according to any one of [1] to [3] above.
[5] A method of artificially cultivating mushrooms using the mushroom cultivation medium according to [4] above.
本発明によれば、短い生育日数でも品質が優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能にする、きのこ栽培用人工培養基、きのこ栽培用培地、及びきのこの人工栽培方法を提供することができる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation, a medium for mushroom cultivation, and a method for artificial cultivation of mushrooms, which make it possible to cultivate mushrooms of excellent quality with a high yield even in a short number of growing days. can.
以下、本発明の一実施形態（本実施形態）を詳細に説明するが、本発明は当該実施形態に限定されるものではない。なお、本明細書における「部」や「％」は特に規定しない限り質量基準とする。 An embodiment (this embodiment) of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. In addition, "parts" and "%" in this specification are based on mass unless otherwise specified.
［きのこ栽培用人工培養基］
本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基は、ＣａＯを３０～６０質量％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を１０～６０質量％、ＳｉＯ２を５～４０質量％、及びＰ２Ｏ５を１００～５，０００ｐｐｍの質量割合で含有する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムを含むことを要する。本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基を用いてきのこを栽培することにより、短い生育日数でも品質が優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能にする。本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基は、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムのみを用いてもよく、生産コスト削減等の観点から、後述する基材を用いて希釈してもよい。具体的には、例えば、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムと、鋸屑等を基材として用いて、ビン等を用いる人工栽培によってきのこを栽培することにより、短い生育日数でも品質が優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能にする。
[Artificial culture media for mushroom cultivation]
The artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention contains 30 to 60% by weight of CaO, 10 to 60% by weight of Al 2 O 3 , 5 to 40% by weight of SiO 2 and 100 to 5,000 ppm of P 2 O 5 . It is necessary to contain amorphous calcium aluminosilicate in a mass ratio. By cultivating mushrooms using the artificial culture medium for cultivating mushrooms of the present invention, it is possible to cultivate mushrooms of excellent quality with a high yield even in a short growing period. The artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention may use only amorphous calcium aluminosilicate, or may be diluted with a base material described later from the viewpoint of production cost reduction. Specifically, for example, by using amorphous calcium aluminosilicate and sawdust as base materials and cultivating mushrooms by artificial cultivation using bottles or the like, mushrooms of excellent quality can be obtained at a high yield even in a short growing period. Allows you to grow at a rate.
本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基は、きのこ栽培用人工培養基１００質量部中、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムを０．００１～１０質量部含むことが好ましく、０．００５～５質量部含むことがより好ましく、０．０１～２質量部含むことがさらに好ましい。これにより、本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基を用いることで、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能としやすい。 The artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention preferably contains 0.001 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.005 to 5 parts by mass, of amorphous calcium aluminosilicate in 100 parts by mass of the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation. Preferably, it is more preferably contained in an amount of 0.01 to 2 parts by mass. Therefore, by using the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention, it is possible to easily cultivate high-quality mushrooms with a high yield even in a short growth period.
（非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウム）
本発明で使用する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムは、例えば、ＣａＯ源、Ａｌ２Ｏ３源、ＳｉＯ２源、及びＰ２Ｏ５源を、電気炉や高周波炉等の加熱炉を用いて加熱溶融して作製したものである。ＣａＯ源には、例えば、生石灰や消石灰、石灰石等が挙げられ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３源には、例えば、アルミナやボーキサイト等が挙げられ、ＳｉＯ２源には、例えばケイ石、ケイ砂、石英等が挙げられ、Ｐ２Ｏ５源には、例えば、リン酸三カルシウム等が挙げられる。
(amorphous calcium aluminosilicate)
The amorphous calcium aluminosilicate used in the present invention is obtained by heating and melting, for example, a CaO source, an Al 2 O 3 source, a SiO 2 source, and a P 2 O 5 source using a heating furnace such as an electric furnace or a high frequency furnace. It was made by CaO sources include, for example, quicklime, slaked lime, and limestone; Al 2 O 3 sources include, for example, alumina and bauxite; and SiO 2 sources include, for example, silica stone, silica sand, quartz, and the like. and the P 2 O 5 source includes, for example, tricalcium phosphate and the like.
本発明で使用する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムは、ガラス化率が５０質量％以上であり、８５質量％以上が好ましく、９０質量％以上がより好ましい。非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムのガラス化率が、上記範囲内であると、きのこの収率をより向上させることができる。非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムのガラス化率は、作製時の加熱溶融温度や冷却方法を調整することによって調整することができ、例えば、電気炉で原料を１２００～１９００℃で加熱溶融し、急冷することによって高いガラス化率とすることができる。
なお、本発明において、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムのガラス化率の測定方法は、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムを１，０００℃で２時間加熱後、５℃／分の冷却速度で徐冷し、粉末Ｘ線回折測定を実施してメインピークを特定し、定量ソフトを用いてメインピーク面積Ｓ０を求め、加熱前の非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムの粉末Ｘ線回折測定によって得られたメインピーク面積Ｓから、ｘ（質量％）＝１００×（１－Ｓ／Ｓ０）の式を用いてガラス化率ｘを求めることができる。なお、定量ソフトには、Ｓｉｅｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ社製の「ＳＩＲＯＱＵＡＮＴ」等を用いることが可能である。
The amorphous calcium aluminosilicate used in the present invention has a vitrification rate of 50% by mass or more, preferably 85% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more. When the vitrification rate of the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate is within the above range, the mushroom yield can be further improved. The vitrification rate of amorphous calcium aluminosilicate can be adjusted by adjusting the heating and melting temperature and cooling method during production. For example, the raw material is heated and melted at 1200 to 1900 ° C. in an electric furnace and then rapidly cooled. A high vitrification rate can thereby be obtained.
In the present invention, the vitrification rate of amorphous calcium aluminosilicate is measured by heating amorphous calcium aluminosilicate at 1,000°C for 2 hours and then slowly cooling it at a cooling rate of 5°C/min. Perform powder X-ray diffraction measurement to identify the main peak, determine the main peak area S0 using quantitative software, and obtain the main peak area obtained by powder X-ray diffraction measurement of amorphous calcium aluminosilicate before heating. From S, the vitrification rate x can be obtained using the formula x (% by mass)=100×(1−S/S 0 ). In addition, it is possible to use "SIROQUANT" by Sietronics etc. as quantification software.
本発明で使用する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムにおけるＣａＯの含有割合は３０～６０質量％であり、好ましくは３２～６０質量％であり、より好ましくは３５～５０質量％である。ＣａＯの含有量が、３０質量％未満、または６０質量％を超えると、短い生育期間では品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することができない場合がある。
なお、本発明において、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウム中のＣａＯの含有割合は、例えば、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０２：２０１０に準拠して測定することができる。
The content of CaO in the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate used in the present invention is 30 to 60% by mass, preferably 32 to 60% by mass, more preferably 35 to 50% by mass. If the CaO content is less than 30% by mass or more than 60% by mass, it may not be possible to cultivate high-quality mushrooms with a high yield in a short growing period.
In the present invention, the content of CaO in amorphous calcium aluminosilicate can be measured according to JIS R 5202:2010, for example.
本発明で使用する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムにおけるＡｌ２Ｏ３の含有割合は１０～６０質量％であり、好ましくは１２～４８質量％であり、より好ましくは１５～４５質量％である。Ａｌ２Ｏ３の含有割合が１０質量％未満または６０質量％を超えると、短い生育期間では品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することができない場合がある。
なお、本発明において、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウム中のＡｌ２Ｏ３の含有割合は、例えば、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０２：２０１０に準拠して測定することができる。
The content of Al 2 O 3 in the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate used in the present invention is 10 to 60% by mass, preferably 12 to 48% by mass, more preferably 15 to 45% by mass. If the content of Al 2 O 3 is less than 10% by mass or more than 60% by mass, it may not be possible to cultivate high-quality mushrooms with a high yield in a short growing period.
In the present invention, the content of Al 2 O 3 in amorphous calcium aluminosilicate can be measured according to JIS R 5202:2010, for example.
本発明で使用する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムにおけるＳｉＯ２の含有割合は５～４０質量％であり、好ましくは１０～３５質量％であり、より好ましくは１５～３０質量％である。ＳｉＯ２の含有量が５質量％未満または４０質量％を超えると、短い生育期間では品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することができない場合がある。
なお、本発明において、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウム中のＳｉＯ２の含有割合は、例えば、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０２：２０１０に準拠して測定することができる。
The content of SiO 2 in the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate used in the present invention is 5-40% by mass, preferably 10-35% by mass, more preferably 15-30% by mass. If the SiO 2 content is less than 5% by mass or more than 40% by mass, it may not be possible to cultivate high-quality mushrooms with a high yield during a short growth period.
In the present invention, the content of SiO 2 in amorphous calcium aluminosilicate can be measured according to JIS R 5202:2010, for example.
本発明で使用する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムにおけるＰ２Ｏ５の含有割合は１００～５，０００ｐｐｍであり、好ましくは１５０～２，０００ｐｐｍであり、さらに好ましくは２００～１，０００ｐｐｍである。Ｐ２Ｏ５の含有割合が１００ｐｐｍ未満または５，０００ｐｐｍを超えると、短い生育期間では品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することができない場合がある。
なお、本発明において、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウム中のＰ２Ｏ５の含有割合は、例えば、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０２：２０１０に準拠して測定することができる。
The content of P 2 O 5 in the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate used in the present invention is 100 to 5,000 ppm, preferably 150 to 2,000 ppm, more preferably 200 to 1,000 ppm. If the P 2 O 5 content is less than 100 ppm or more than 5,000 ppm, it may not be possible to cultivate high-quality mushrooms with a high yield in a short growing period.
In the present invention, the content of P 2 O 5 in amorphous calcium aluminosilicate can be measured according to JIS R 5202:2010, for example.
本発明で使用する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムは、さらにＺｒＯ２を１００～５，０００ｐｐｍの質量割合で含有することが好ましく、２００～２，０００ｐｐｍの質量割合で含有することがより好ましく、３００～１，０００ｐｐｍの質量割合で含有することがさらに好ましい。非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムにおけるＺｒＯ２の含有割合が、上記範囲内であると、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能としやすい。非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウム中のＺｒＯ２の含有割合は、所望の範囲となるように、例えば、酸化ジルコニウム、水酸化ジルコニウム、炭酸ジルコニウム、オキシ塩化ジルコニウム、硫酸ジルコニウム、酢酸ジルコニウム、有機酸ジルコニウム、ジルコンサンド等といったようなＺｒＯ２源を原料に添加することによって調整することができる。
なお、本発明において、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウム中のＺｒＯ２の含有割合は、例えば、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０２：２０１０に準拠して測定することができる。
The amorphous calcium aluminosilicate used in the present invention preferably further contains ZrO 2 in a mass ratio of 100 to 5,000 ppm, more preferably in a mass ratio of 200 to 2,000 ppm. More preferably, it is contained at a mass ratio of 1,000 ppm. When the content of ZrO 2 in the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate is within the above range, it is easy to cultivate high-quality mushrooms with a high yield even in a short growth period. The content of ZrO2 in the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate is adjusted to a desired range, for example, zirconium oxide, zirconium hydroxide, zirconium carbonate, zirconium oxychloride, zirconium sulfate, zirconium acetate, zirconium organic acid, zircon It can be adjusted by adding a ZrO2 source, such as sand, to the feedstock.
In the present invention, the content of ZrO 2 in amorphous calcium aluminosilicate can be measured according to JIS R 5202:2010, for example.
本発明で使用する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウム中のＳｉＯ２とのＰ２Ｏ５のモル比（ＳｉＯ２／Ｐ２Ｏ５）は、２０～９，５００であることが好ましく、１００～７，０００であることがより好ましく、２００～５，０００であることがさらに好ましい。非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウム中のＳｉＯ２とのＰ２Ｏ５のモル比（ＳｉＯ２／Ｐ２Ｏ５）が、上記範囲内であると、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能としやすい。 The molar ratio of SiO 2 to P 2 O 5 (SiO 2 /P 2 O 5 ) in the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate used in the present invention is preferably from 20 to 9,500, preferably from 100 to 7,500. 000, more preferably 200 to 5,000. When the molar ratio of SiO 2 to P 2 O 5 (SiO 2 /P 2 O 5 ) in the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate is within the above range, a high yield of high-quality mushrooms can be obtained even during a short growth period. It is possible and easy to grow in
本発明で使用する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムは、さらにアルカリ金属酸化物を０．０１～１．５質量％の質量割合で含有することが好ましく、０．１～０．８質量％の質量割合で含有することがより好ましく、０．１５～０．３質量％の質量割合で含有することがさらに好ましい。非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムにおけるアルカリ金属酸化物の割合が、上記範囲内であると、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能としやすい。アルカリ金属酸化物としては、例えば、炭酸ナトリウムや炭酸カリウムが挙げられる。
なお、本発明において、アルミノケイ酸カルシウム中のアルカリ金属酸化物の含有割合は、例えば、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０２：２０１０に準拠して測定することができる。
The amorphous calcium aluminosilicate used in the present invention preferably further contains an alkali metal oxide in a mass ratio of 0.01 to 1.5% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by mass. More preferably, it is contained in a mass ratio of 0.15 to 0.3% by mass. When the ratio of the alkali metal oxide in the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate is within the above range, it is easy to cultivate high-quality mushrooms with a high yield even in a short growth period. Examples of alkali metal oxides include sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
In addition, in this invention, the content rate of the alkali metal oxide in calcium aluminosilicate can be measured based on JISR5202:2010, for example.
本発明で使用する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムの粒子径７μｍ以下の粒子径積算値は３０体積％以上であることが好ましく、４０体積％以上であることがより好ましく、５０体積％以上であることがさらに好ましい。非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムの粒子径７μｍ以下の粒子径積算値が、上記範囲内であると、きのこ栽培用人工培養基の分散性を向上させることができ、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能としやすい。非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムの粒子径７μｍ以下の粒子径積算値は、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウム作製時に、粉砕後に分級することにより調整することができる。
なお、本発明において、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムの粒子径７μｍ以下の粒子径積算値は、レーザー回折・散乱法による粒度分布測定器、例えば、ＨＯＲＩＢＡ ＬＡ－９２０（商品名、株式会社堀場製作所製）を使用して、試料分散媒として、エタノールを用い、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムの粒度分布を測定し、その粒度分布に基づいて、粒子径７μｍ以下の粒子径積算値を算出することができる。
The cumulative particle size of the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate having a particle size of 7 μm or less used in the present invention is preferably 30% by volume or more, more preferably 40% by volume or more, and 50% by volume or more. is more preferred. When the particle diameter integrated value of the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate having a particle diameter of 7 μm or less is within the above range, the dispersibility of the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation can be improved, and excellent quality mushrooms can be produced even in a short growth period. Easy to grow with high yield. The particle size integrated value of the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate having a particle size of 7 μm or less can be adjusted by classifying after pulverization when the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate is produced.
In the present invention, the particle size integrated value of the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate having a particle size of 7 μm or less is measured by a particle size distribution measuring instrument using a laser diffraction/scattering method, such as HORIBA LA-920 (trade name, manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.). ) is used to measure the particle size distribution of amorphous calcium aluminosilicate using ethanol as a sample dispersion medium, and based on the particle size distribution, the particle size integrated value with a particle size of 7 μm or less can be calculated. .
本発明で使用する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムのブレーン比表面積値は、３，０００～９，０００ｃｍ２／ｇであることが好ましく、４，０００～８，０００ｃｍ２／ｇであることがより好ましく、６，０００～８，０００ｃｍ２／ｇであることがさらに好ましい。非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムのブレーン比表面積値が、上記範囲内であると、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培することを可能としやすい。
なお、本発明において、ブレーン比表面積値は、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１：２０１５「セメントの物理試験方法」に記載された比表面積試験に基づいて測定することができる。
The Blaine specific surface area of the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate used in the present invention is preferably 3,000 to 9,000 cm 2 /g, more preferably 4,000 to 8,000 cm 2 /g. , 6,000 to 8,000 cm 2 /g. When the Blaine specific surface area of the amorphous calcium aluminosilicate is within the above range, it is easy to cultivate high-quality mushrooms with a high yield even in a short growth period.
In the present invention, the Blaine specific surface area value can be measured based on the specific surface area test described in JIS R 5201:2015 "Physical test method for cement".
本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基は、生産コスト削減の観点から、きのこ栽培用人工培養基をスケールアップするための基材を含むことが好ましい。基材としては、有機質由来の資材が好ましく、例えば、広葉樹鋸屑、針葉樹鋸屑、広葉樹チップ、もみ殻、コーンコブ、バガス、パルプ廃材、ビート粕及びデンプン粕等が挙げられる。本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基における基材の含有量は、きのこ栽培用人工培養基中、８０～９９．９９質量部含むことが好ましく、９０～９９．９質量部含むことがより好ましく、９２～９９．５質量部含むことがさらに好ましい。 From the viewpoint of production cost reduction, the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention preferably contains a substrate for scaling up the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation. As the base material, materials derived from organic matter are preferable, and examples thereof include hardwood sawdust, softwood sawdust, hardwood chips, rice husks, corn cobs, bagasse, pulp waste, beet meal and starch meal. The content of the base material in the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention is preferably 80 to 99.99 parts by mass, more preferably 90 to 99.9 parts by mass, more preferably 92 to 92 parts by mass. It is more preferable to contain 99.5 parts by mass.
本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基は、例えば、以下のようにして調製できる。まず、ＣａＯ源、Ａｌ２Ｏ３源、ＳｉＯ２源、及びＰ２Ｏ５源を、電気炉や高周波炉等の加熱炉を用いて加熱溶融して作製した非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムを粉砕し、鋸屑等の基材と混合することで調整できる。なお、ＺｒＯ２源及びアルカリ金属酸化物は、ＣａＯ源、Ａｌ２Ｏ３源、ＳｉＯ２源、及びＰ２Ｏ５源とともに電気炉や高周波炉等の加熱炉を用いて加熱溶融することで添加することができる。 The artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention can be prepared, for example, as follows. First, amorphous calcium aluminosilicate prepared by heating and melting a CaO source, an Al 2 O 3 source, a SiO 2 source, and a P 2 O 5 source using a heating furnace such as an electric furnace or a high-frequency furnace was pulverized. , can be adjusted by mixing with a base material such as sawdust. The ZrO 2 source and the alkali metal oxide are added together with the CaO source, Al 2 O 3 source, SiO 2 source, and P 2 O 5 source by heating and melting using a heating furnace such as an electric furnace or a high frequency furnace. can do.
［きのこ栽培用培地］
本発明のきのこ栽培用培地は、本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基を含む。これにより、本発明のきのこ栽培用培地を用いることで、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこをより高い収率で栽培できる。
[Mushroom cultivation medium]
The mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention contains the mushroom cultivation artificial culture medium of the present invention. Thus, by using the mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention, it is possible to cultivate high-quality mushrooms at a higher yield even in a short growth period.
きのこ栽培用培地のきのこ栽培用人工培養基の配合量は、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培できるという観点から、きのこ栽培用培地１００質量部に対して、好ましくは３０～６０質量部であり、より好ましくは４０～５０質量部である。 The amount of the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation in the medium for mushroom cultivation is preferably 30 to 30 parts per 100 parts by mass of the medium for mushroom cultivation, from the viewpoint that high-quality mushrooms can be cultivated at a high yield even in a short growth period. 60 parts by mass, more preferably 40 to 50 parts by mass.
本発明のきのこ栽培用培地は、さらに添加剤を含むことが好ましく、添加剤としては、栄養添加剤、微量添加剤等が挙げられる。栄養添加剤は、主に、きのこ菌の生育に必要な炭素源及び窒素源のうち不足分を補充する。微量添加剤は、主に、きのこ菌の生育に必要な無機塩類をきのこ菌に供給する。 The mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention preferably further contains additives, and examples of the additives include nutrient additives and trace additives. Nutrient additives mainly replenish insufficient carbon sources and nitrogen sources required for mushroom growth. The trace additive mainly supplies the mushroom with inorganic salts necessary for the growth of the mushroom.
栄養添加剤には、例えば、米ぬか、もろこし粉砕物、フスマ、乾燥オカラ、トウモロコシ及び大豆皮等が挙げられ、１種または２種以上を混合したものを使用することができる。
微量添加剤には、例えば、アルミノシリケート系化合物、マグネシウムアルミニウムシリケート系化合物、マグネシウムシリケート系化合物、カルシウムシリケート系化合物、マグネシウムアルミネート系化合物、カルシウムアルミネート系化合物、スラグ粉末、エトリンガイト、リン化合物、水酸化カルシウム及び炭酸カルシウム等が挙げられる。なお、上記アルミノシリケート系化合物、上記カルシウムシリケート系化合物及び上記カルシウムアルミネート系化合物は、本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基に含まれるアルミノケイ酸カルシウムを除いたものである。
Nutrient additives include, for example, rice bran, pulverized corn, wheat bran, dried bean curd lees, corn and soybean hulls, and the like, and one or a mixture of two or more of them can be used.
Trace additives include, for example, aluminosilicate compounds, magnesium aluminum silicate compounds, magnesium silicate compounds, calcium silicate compounds, magnesium aluminate compounds, calcium aluminate compounds, slag powder, ettringite, phosphorus compounds, water Examples include calcium oxide and calcium carbonate. The aluminosilicate-based compound, the calcium silicate-based compound, and the calcium aluminate-based compound exclude the calcium aluminosilicate contained in the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention.
きのこ栽培用培地中の栄養添加剤の配合量は、特に制限されないが、栽培するきのこの種類、栽培環境、及びその他条件等によって適宜調整することができ、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培できるという観点から、例えば、きのこ栽培用培地１００質量部に対して、好ましくは５～２００質量部であり、より好ましくは１０～１５０質量部である。 The amount of the nutrient additive in the mushroom cultivation medium is not particularly limited, but it can be appropriately adjusted according to the type of mushroom to be cultivated, the cultivation environment, other conditions, etc., and it is possible to produce excellent quality mushrooms even in a short growth period. From the viewpoint of cultivating with a high yield, for example, it is preferably 5 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the mushroom cultivation medium.
きのこ栽培用培地中の微量添加剤の配合量は、特に制限されないが、栽培するきのこの種類、栽培環境、及びその他条件等によって適宜調整することができ、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこをより高い収率で栽培できる観点から、例えば、きのこ栽培用培地１００質量部に対して、好ましくは０．０５～５質量部であり、より好ましくは、０．１～３質量部であり、さらに好ましくは０．２～１質量部である。 The amount of the trace additive in the mushroom cultivation medium is not particularly limited, but it can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of mushroom to be cultivated, the cultivation environment, and other conditions, etc., and mushrooms of excellent quality can be obtained even in a short growth period. From the viewpoint of cultivating with a higher yield, for example, it is preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the mushroom cultivation medium. It is preferably 0.2 to 1 part by mass.
本発明のきのこ栽培用培地は、さらに水を含むことが好ましい。きのこ栽培用培地中の水の配合量は、特に制限されないが、栽培するきのこの種類、栽培環境、及びその他条件等によって適宜調整することができ、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこをより高い収率で栽培できる観点から、例えば、きのこ栽培用培地中の水以外の材料の乾燥後の質量の合計１００質量部に対して、好ましくは１０～３００質量部であり、より好ましくは１５～２５０質量部であり、さらに好ましくは２０～１５０質量部である。例えば、本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基に、きのこ栽培用培地の含水率が５５～７０質量％になるように水を加える。 The mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention preferably further contains water. The amount of water to be added in the mushroom cultivation medium is not particularly limited, but it can be appropriately adjusted according to the type of mushroom to be cultivated, the cultivation environment, other conditions, etc., and it is possible to produce high-quality mushrooms even in a short growth period. From the viewpoint of cultivating at a high yield, for example, it is preferably 10 to 300 parts by mass, more preferably 15 to 250 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total dried mass of materials other than water in the mushroom cultivation medium. parts by mass, more preferably 20 to 150 parts by mass. For example, water is added to the mushroom cultivation artificial culture medium of the present invention so that the moisture content of the mushroom cultivation medium becomes 55 to 70% by mass.
本発明のきのこ栽培用培地は、例えば、以下のようにして調製できる。まず、栄養添加剤及び／または微量添加剤をミキサーに所定量入れ、攪拌しながら本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基を少量ずつ添加し、十分に混合する。その後、水を所定量ミキサーに入れ、培地内の水分が均一になるまで培地を攪拌する。そして、きのこ栽培用培地が完成する。 The mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention can be prepared, for example, as follows. First, a predetermined amount of a nutrient additive and/or a trace additive is placed in a mixer, and the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention is added little by little while stirring, and the mixture is thoroughly mixed. After that, a predetermined amount of water is put into a mixer, and the medium is stirred until the water in the medium becomes uniform. Then, the mushroom cultivation medium is completed.
本発明のきのこ栽培用培地のｐＨは、品質の優れたきのこをより高い収率で栽培できるという観点から、好ましくは５．８～６．８であり、より好ましくは６．２～６．８である。きのこ栽培用培地のｐＨは、培地を殺菌することによって調整することができ、培地殺菌の条件は、きのこの種類によって適宜調整することができる。培地の殺菌方法には、例えば、高圧殺菌方法及び条圧殺菌方法がある。高圧殺菌方法は、きのこ栽培用培地を詰めた容器をおよそ１２０℃の加熱温度で、約１時間から約１時間３０分加熱してきのこ栽培用培地を殺菌する方法である。一方、常圧殺菌方法はきのこ栽培用培地を詰めた容器をおよそ１００℃の加熱温度で、４時間以上加熱してきのこ栽培用培地を殺菌する方法である。なお、本発明において、きのこ栽培用培地のｐＨは、１００ｇの水の中に、２０ｇの採取した培地を入れ、３分間混合して混合物を作製し、ｐＨ計（例えば、株式会社堀場製作所製ｐＨメータ Ｄ－５１）を用いて測定することができる。 The pH of the mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention is preferably 5.8 to 6.8, more preferably 6.2 to 6.8, from the viewpoint of cultivating high-quality mushrooms at a higher yield. is. The pH of the mushroom cultivation medium can be adjusted by sterilizing the medium, and the conditions for medium sterilization can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of mushroom. Methods for sterilizing culture media include, for example, high-pressure sterilization and row pressure sterilization. The high-pressure sterilization method is a method of heating a container filled with a mushroom cultivation medium at a heating temperature of about 120° C. for about 1 hour to about 1 hour and 30 minutes to sterilize the mushroom cultivation medium. On the other hand, the normal pressure sterilization method is a method of heating a container filled with a mushroom cultivation medium at a heating temperature of about 100° C. for 4 hours or more to sterilize the mushroom cultivation medium. In the present invention, the pH of the mushroom cultivation medium is measured by adding 20 g of the collected medium to 100 g of water and mixing for 3 minutes to prepare a mixture, using a pH meter (for example, Horiba Ltd. pH It can be measured using a meter D-51).
［きのこの人工栽培方法］
本発明のきのこの人工栽培方法は、本発明のきのこ栽培用培地を用いる。これにより、短い生育日数でも品質の優れたきのこをより高い収率で栽培することができる。
[Mushroom artificial cultivation method]
The mushroom cultivation method of the present invention uses the mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention. As a result, it is possible to cultivate high-quality mushrooms with a higher yield even in a short growing period.
本発明のきのこの人工栽培方法は、本発明のきのこ栽培用培地を用いてきのこを栽培するものであれば、特に限定されない。また、本発明のきのこの人工栽培方法は、栽培環境や状況等に応じて任意に変えることができる。例えば、本発明のきのこの人工栽培方法は、本発明のきのこ栽培用培地を調製する工程、本発明のきのこ栽培用培地を容器に詰める工程、容器に詰めた、本発明のきのこ栽培用培地を殺菌する工程、殺菌した、本発明のきのこ栽培用培地を冷却する工程、冷却した、本発明のきのこ栽培用培地にきのこの種菌を接種する工程、接種した種菌を培養及び熟成する工程、菌かきを行う工程、芽出し工程、きのこを生育させる工程及びきのこを収穫する工程を含む。 The method for artificially cultivating mushrooms of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as mushrooms are cultivated using the mushroom-cultivating medium of the present invention. In addition, the method of artificially cultivating mushrooms of the present invention can be arbitrarily changed according to the cultivation environment, conditions, and the like. For example, the method for artificially cultivating mushrooms of the present invention includes the steps of preparing the mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention, the steps of packing the mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention into a container, and filling the container with the mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention. Sterilizing, cooling the sterilized mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention, inoculating the cooled mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention with mushroom spawn, culturing and maturing the inoculated spawn, shaving the fungus , sprouting, growing mushrooms and harvesting mushrooms.
例えば、ブナシメジの栽培の場合、きのこ栽培用培地に接種した種菌を２２～２５℃の温度で約１０～２０日培養し、２２～２５℃の温度で１５～３０日熟成する。その後、菌かきを行い、１４～１７℃の温度及び９５～１００％の湿度の条件下１５～２５日間、ブナシメジの芽出し及び育成を行い、そして、ブナシメジを収穫する。
また、シイタケの栽培の場合、接種した種菌を２０～２５℃の温度で約２０日培養し、２６～３０℃の温度で２０～２５日熟成する。その後、１３～１７℃の温度及び９０～９５％の湿度の条件下１０日間シイタケを発生させ、シイタケを収穫する。なお、１回目の収穫後、１３～１７℃の温度及び９０～９５％の湿度の条件下１０日間シイタケを発生させ、２回目のシイタケの収穫を行うことも可能である。
For example, in the case of Bunashimeji mushroom cultivation, the inoculum inoculated into a mushroom cultivation medium is cultured at a temperature of 22 to 25° C. for about 10 to 20 days, and aged at a temperature of 22 to 25° C. for 15 to 30 days. After that, fungus scraping is performed, and Bunashimeji mushrooms are sprouted and cultivated for 15 to 25 days under conditions of 14 to 17° C. temperature and 95 to 100% humidity, and then Bunashimeji mushrooms are harvested.
In the case of shiitake mushroom cultivation, the inoculated inoculum is cultured at a temperature of 20-25° C. for about 20 days and aged at a temperature of 26-30° C. for 20-25 days. Thereafter, shiitake mushrooms are grown for 10 days under conditions of a temperature of 13-17° C. and a humidity of 90-95%, and the shiitake mushrooms are harvested. After the first harvest, it is also possible to grow shiitake mushrooms for 10 days under conditions of a temperature of 13 to 17° C. and a humidity of 90 to 95%, and then harvest the shiitake mushrooms for the second time.
本発明のきのこの人工栽培方法により栽培できるきのこは、人工栽培できるきのこであれば特に限定されない。本発明のきのこの人工栽培方法に好適なきのこには、例えば、えのきたけ、ひらたけ、なめこ、ぶなしめじ、まいたけ、きくらげ、さるのこしかけ及びしいたけ等が挙げられ、特に好適なきのこはブナシメジである。 Mushrooms that can be cultivated by the method for artificially cultivating mushrooms of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they can be artificially cultivated. Mushrooms suitable for the method of artificially cultivating mushrooms of the present invention include, for example, enokitake mushrooms, hiratake mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, bunashimeji mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, cloud ear mushrooms, monkey koshikake mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms, and particularly suitable mushrooms are bunashimeji mushrooms. .
以下、実施例、比較例を挙げて、本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these.
＜実験例１＞
（きのこ栽培用人工培養基の調製）
表１に示す割合となるように、炭酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、二酸化ケイ素、リン酸カルシウム、酸化ジルコニウム、炭酸ナトリウム及び炭酸カリウムを配合及び混合して原料混合物を作製し、高周波炉を使用して、１，６００℃の加熱温度で原料混合物を３０分間溶融した後、急冷して、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムを合成した。合成した非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムを粉砕して、ブレーン比表面積値を６，０００ｃｍ２／ｇに調整し、ガラス化率を測定した。
広葉樹鋸屑２５０ｇ、針葉樹鋸屑２５０ｇを基材とし、きのこ栽培用人工培養基全体１００質量部に対して、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムが０．２質量部となるように混合し、きのこ栽培用人工培養基を調製した。
<Experimental example 1>
(Preparation of artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation)
Calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, calcium phosphate, zirconium oxide, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate were compounded and mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1 to prepare a raw material mixture, and using a high-frequency furnace, 1, After melting the raw material mixture at a heating temperature of 600° C. for 30 minutes, it was rapidly cooled to synthesize amorphous calcium aluminosilicate. The synthesized amorphous calcium aluminosilicate was pulverized to adjust the Blaine specific surface area value to 6,000 cm 2 /g, and the vitrification rate was measured.
Using 250 g of broadleaf tree sawdust and 250 g of coniferous sawdust as a base material, 100 parts by mass of the entire artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation is mixed with 0.2 parts by mass of amorphous calcium aluminosilicate to form an artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation. prepared.
（きのこ栽培用培地の調製）
米ぬか５００ｇをミキサーに入れ、攪拌しながら調製したきのこ栽培用人工培養基５００ｇを少量ずつ添加し、十分混合した。その後、水１４０ｍＬをミキサーに入れ、水分が均一になるまで攪拌し、きのこ栽培用培地を調製した。
(Preparation of medium for mushroom cultivation)
500 g of rice bran was placed in a mixer, and 500 g of the prepared artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation was added little by little while stirring, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed. Then, 140 mL of water was put into a mixer and stirred until the water content became uniform to prepare a mushroom cultivation medium.
（使用材料）
・炭酸カルシウム：試薬1級、関東化学株式会社製
・酸化アルミニウム：試薬1級、関東化学株式会社製
・二酸化ケイ素：試薬1級、関東化学株式会社製
・リン酸三カルシウム：食品添加物、関東化学株式会社製
・酸化ジルコニウム：試薬、関東化学株式会社製
・炭酸ナトリウム：試薬1級、関東化学株式会社製
・炭酸カリウム：試薬1級、関東化学株式会社製
・広葉樹鋸屑：ぶな材の鋸屑
・針葉樹鋸屑：すぎ材の鋸屑
・米ぬか：市販品、農業共同組合製
・水：純水
(Material used)
・Calcium carbonate: Reagent grade 1, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. ・Aluminum oxide: Reagent grade 1, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. ・Silicon dioxide: Reagent grade 1, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. ・Tricalcium phosphate: Food additive, Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. Zirconium oxide: Reagent, Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. Sodium carbonate: Reagent grade 1, Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. Potassium carbonate: Reagent grade 1, Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. Hardwood sawdust: Beech sawdust Coniferous sawdust: Sawdust from sawdust ・Rice bran: Commercial product, made by agricultural cooperatives ・Water: Pure water
（きのこの人工栽培）
プラスチック製８５０ｍｌ広口瓶に、調製したきのこ栽培用培地を圧詰めした。その後、１２０℃飽和蒸気圧下で、瓶詰めした培地を加熱殺菌した。瓶詰めした培地を冷却した後、ブナシメジの菌を瓶詰めした培地に植え付け、暗所、温度２５℃、湿度５５％の条件下で１ヶ月間かけて菌を培養及び熟成した。菌の培養及び熟成後、広口瓶の中央に直径１ｃｍ程度の穴を開け（菌かき）、培地を充分に吸水させた後、１５℃、湿度９５％、照度２０ルックスの条件下で４日間、菌を培養して子実体原基を形成し、芽出しを行った。そして、照度を２００ルックスに上げて２週間程度培養を続け、きのこを生育させた。その後、きのこを収穫して子実体の収量および品質を評価した。結果を表１に併記する。なお、参考例として、広葉樹鋸屑２５０ｇ、針葉樹鋸屑２５０ｇを基材としたきのこ栽培用人工培養基を用い、調製したきのこ栽培用人工培養基５００ｇに、米ぬか５００ｇ及び水１４０ｍＬをミキサーで混合して調製したきのこ栽培用培地を用いてきのこの人工栽培を行った例を実験Ｎｏ．１－１とした。
(artificial cultivation of mushrooms)
The prepared mushroom cultivation medium was compressed into an 850 ml wide-mouthed plastic bottle. After that, the bottled medium was heat sterilized at 120° C. under saturated vapor pressure. After cooling the bottled medium, the fungus of Bunashimeji was planted in the bottled medium, and the fungus was cultured and matured for one month under conditions of darkness, temperature of 25° C., and humidity of 55%. After culturing and maturing the bacteria, a hole of about 1 cm in diameter is made in the center of the wide-mouthed bottle (bacteria scraping), and the medium is allowed to absorb sufficient water. The fungus was cultured to form a fruiting body primordium and sprouted. Then, the illumination intensity was raised to 200 lux and the cultivation was continued for about two weeks to grow the mushrooms. Mushrooms were then harvested to assess fruiting body yield and quality. The results are also shown in Table 1. As a reference example, mushrooms prepared by mixing 500 g of prepared artificial mushroom culture medium with 500 g of rice bran and 140 mL of water with a mixer. Experiment No. is an example of artificial cultivation of mushrooms using a cultivation medium. 1-1.
（測定方法）
・ブレーン比表面積値：ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１：２０１５「セメントの物理試験方法」に記載された比表面積試験に基づいて測定した。
・ガラス化率：非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムを１，０００℃で２時間加熱後、５℃／分の冷却速度で徐冷し、粉末Ｘ線回折測定を実施してメインピークを特定し、定量ソフトを用いてメインピーク面積Ｓ０を求め、加熱前の非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムの粉末Ｘ線回折測定によって得られたメインピーク面積Ｓから、ｘ（質量％）＝１００×（１－Ｓ／Ｓ０）の式を用いてガラス化率ｘを求めた。なお、定量ソフトには、Ｓｉｅｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ社製の「ＳＩＲＯＱＵＡＮＴ」等を用いた。
・粒子径積算値：レーザー回折・散乱法による粒度分布測定器（ＨＯＲＩＢＡ ＬＡ－９２０（商品名、株式会社堀場製作所製）を使用して、試料分散媒として、エタノールを用い、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムの粒度分布を測定し、その粒度分布に基づいて、粒子径７μｍ以下の粒子径積算値を算出した。
・子実体収量：収穫したきのこの総重量を測定した。
・付着性：収穫したきのこを下記基準に基づいて目視及び触手検査により評価した。なお、株の接着がよく株元の張りが強いきのこ程、きのこの品質はよい。
優：株の接着がよく株元の張りが強い。
良：「優」の評価のきのこに比べて、株の接着もしくは株元の張りが若干劣るものの、きのこの品質として問題ないレベルである。
不可：株の接着が悪く、株元の張りも弱い。
(Measuring method)
- Blaine specific surface area: Measured based on the specific surface area test described in JIS R 5201:2015 "Physical Test Methods for Cement".
・Vitrification rate: After heating amorphous calcium aluminosilicate at 1,000°C for 2 hours, slowly cooling at a cooling rate of 5°C/min, powder X-ray diffraction measurement is performed to identify and quantify the main peak. Obtain the main peak area S0 using software, and from the main peak area S obtained by powder X-ray diffraction measurement of amorphous calcium aluminosilicate before heating, x (% by mass) = 100 x (1-S/ S 0 ) was used to determine the vitrification rate x. In addition, "SIROQUANT" made from Sietronics etc. were used for the quantification software.
・ Particle size integrated value: Using a particle size distribution analyzer (HORIBA LA-920 (trade name, manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.) by laser diffraction/scattering method, using ethanol as a sample dispersion medium, amorphous aluminosilicate The particle size distribution of calcium was measured, and based on the particle size distribution, the particle size integrated value for particles with a particle size of 7 μm or less was calculated.
- Fruiting body yield: The total weight of harvested mushrooms was measured.
Adherence: Harvested mushrooms were evaluated by visual and touch inspection based on the following criteria. The better the adhesion of the stems and the stronger the tension of the root of the mushroom, the better the quality of the mushroom.
Excellent: Adhesion of the stock is good and the tension of the stock base is strong.
Good: Compared to the mushrooms evaluated as "excellent", the adhesion of the stock or the tension of the base of the stock is slightly inferior, but the quality of the mushroom is at a satisfactory level.
Impossible: Poor adhesion of the stock and weak tension at the base of the stock.
表１に示すように、ＣａＯを３０～６０質量％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を１０～６０質量％、ＳｉＯ２を５～４０質量％、及びＰ２Ｏ５を１００～５，０００ｐｐｍの質量割合で含有する非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムを含むきのこ栽培用人工培養基を用いてきのこを栽培することで、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこを高収率で栽培することが可能であることを確認した。 As shown in Table 1, 30-60% by weight of CaO, 10-60% by weight of Al 2 O 3 , 5-40% by weight of SiO 2 and 100-5,000 ppm of P 2 O 5 It was confirmed that by cultivating mushrooms using an artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation containing amorphous calcium aluminosilicate, it is possible to cultivate high-quality mushrooms at a high yield even in a short growth period. .
＜実験例２＞
きのこ栽培用人工培養基中の非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムの粒子径７μｍ以下の粒子径積算値を、表２に記載の値となるように分級したこと以外は実験例１と同様にして、きのこの人工栽培を行った。結果を表２に併記する。
<Experimental example 2>
In the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the cumulative particle size of amorphous calcium aluminosilicate having a particle size of 7 μm or less in the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation was classified so as to be the value shown in Table 2. cultivated artificially. The results are also shown in Table 2.
表２に示すように、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムの粒子径２μｍ以下の粒子径積算値が、５～３０体積％の範囲内であることで、きのこの品質及び収率をより向上させることを確認した。 As shown in Table 2, the cumulative particle diameter of amorphous calcium aluminosilicate having a particle diameter of 2 μm or less is in the range of 5 to 30% by volume, so that the quality and yield of mushrooms are further improved. confirmed.
＜実験例３＞
きのこの栽培用培地中のきのこ栽培用人工培養基中の非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムの含有量を、表３に記載の値とし、残部を基材としたこと以外は実験例１と同様にして、きのこの人工栽培を行った。結果を表３に併記する。
<Experimental example 3>
In the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the content of amorphous calcium aluminosilicate in the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation in the mushroom cultivation medium was set to the value shown in Table 3, and the balance was used as the base material, Artificially cultivated mushrooms. The results are also shown in Table 3.
表３に示すように、非晶質アルミノケイ酸カルシウムを所定量含むきのこ栽培用人工培養基を用いることによって、きのこの収率を向上させることができることを確認した。 As shown in Table 3, it was confirmed that the yield of mushrooms can be improved by using an artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation containing a predetermined amount of amorphous calcium aluminosilicate.
本発明のきのこ栽培用人工培養基またはきのこ栽培用培地をきのこの人工栽培に使用すると、えのきたけ、ひらたけ、なめこ、ぶなしめじ、まいたけ、きくらげ、さるのこしかけ及びしいたけ等の広範な種類のきのこについて、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培できる。また、本発明のきのこの人工栽培方法によれば、えのきたけ、ひらたけ、なめこ、ぶなしめじ、まいたけ、きくらげ、さるのこしかけ及びしいたけ等の広範な種類のきのこについて、短い生育期間でも品質の優れたきのこを高い収率で栽培できる。 When the artificial culture medium for mushroom cultivation or the medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention is used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms, a wide variety of mushrooms such as enokitake, oyster mushroom, nameko, bunashimeji, maitake, cloud ear, monkey mushroom and shiitake , it is possible to cultivate high-quality mushrooms with a high yield even in a short growing period. In addition, according to the method for artificial cultivation of mushrooms of the present invention, a wide variety of mushrooms such as enokitake mushrooms, hiratake mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, bunashimeji mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, cloud ear mushrooms, monkey koshikake mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms can be cultivated with excellent quality even in a short growth period. Mushrooms can be cultivated with a high yield.
Claims (5)
A mushroom artificial cultivation method using the mushroom cultivation medium according to claim 4 .
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