JP7258715B2 - LAMINATED PRODUCT MANUFACTURING METHOD AND LAMINATED MOLDED PRODUCT - Google Patents

LAMINATED PRODUCT MANUFACTURING METHOD AND LAMINATED MOLDED PRODUCT Download PDF

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JP7258715B2
JP7258715B2 JP2019186097A JP2019186097A JP7258715B2 JP 7258715 B2 JP7258715 B2 JP 7258715B2 JP 2019186097 A JP2019186097 A JP 2019186097A JP 2019186097 A JP2019186097 A JP 2019186097A JP 7258715 B2 JP7258715 B2 JP 7258715B2
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outer peripheral
laminate
peripheral portion
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welding
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岳史 山田
伸志 佐藤
碩 黄
正俊 飛田
達也 藤井
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、積層造形物の製造方法及び積層造形物に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article and a laminate-molded article.

近年、生産手段としての３Ｄプリンタのニーズが高まっており、特に金属材料への適用については航空機業界等で実用化に向けて研究開発が行われている。金属材料を用いた３Ｄプリンタは、レーザやアーク等の熱源を用いて、金属粉体や金属ワイヤを溶融させ、溶融金属を積層させて造形物を造形する。 In recent years, the need for 3D printers as a means of production has increased, and research and development are being carried out for practical application in the aircraft industry, etc., especially for application to metal materials. A 3D printer using a metal material melts metal powder or metal wire using a heat source such as a laser or an arc, and laminates the molten metal to form a modeled object.

例えば、チャンバ内の所定のターゲットにホッパから粉体を供給し、ターゲット内において特定された範囲に熱源であるビームを照射して粉体を溶融および凝固させて層を積層させることにより、流路を有するインペラを成形する技術が知られている（特許文献１参照）。 For example, by supplying powder from a hopper to a predetermined target in a chamber and irradiating a beam that is a heat source to a specified range in the target to melt and solidify the powder and stack layers, the flow path is known (see Patent Document 1).

また、複数の電極のアレイを備えた電極ヘッドを移動させ、アレイによって材料を層毎に順次溶着させて３次元部品を形成する積層造形システムによって、第１の溶着速度で輪郭線部分を形成し、複数の電極のアレイのうちの可変の数の電極を使用し、第１の溶着速度よりも速い第２の溶着速度で充填部分を形成することも知られている（特許文献２参照）。 In addition, a contour line portion is formed at a first welding speed by a layered manufacturing system in which an electrode head having an array of a plurality of electrodes is moved and the array sequentially welds materials layer by layer to form a three-dimensional part. , using a variable number of electrodes in an array of electrodes to form the filling at a second deposition rate, which is higher than the first deposition rate, is also known (US Pat.

特開２０１７－１８０１７７号公報JP 2017-180177 A 特開２０１８－１８７６７９号公報JP 2018-187679 A

ところで、チャンバ内にホッパから粉体を供給し、ターゲットにビームを照射する特許文献１の技術、及び複数の電極のアレイを備えた電極ヘッドを繰り返し移動させる特許文献２の技術では、いずれも装置が大掛かりとなる。しかも、造形できる造形物の大きさがチャンバや電極ヘッドのアレイの数によって制限され、また、複雑形状の造形物の造形が困難である。 By the way, in the technique of Patent Document 1, in which powder is supplied from a hopper into the chamber and the target is irradiated with a beam, and in the technique of Patent Document 2, in which an electrode head having an array of a plurality of electrodes is repeatedly moved, both devices becomes a big deal. Moreover, the size of an object that can be molded is limited by the number of arrays of chambers and electrode heads, and it is difficult to form an object with a complicated shape.

これに対して、溶接ワイヤを溶融及び凝固させて溶着ビードを積層させて造形物を造形する積層造形技術によれば、大掛かりな設備を必要とせずに、冷却流路などの空洞部を有する複雑形状の積層造形物を、大きさの制限を受けることなく造形することができる。 On the other hand, according to the layered manufacturing technology in which welding wires are melted and solidified to layer welded beads to form a modeled object, a complicated structure having a cavity such as a cooling channel can be manufactured without the need for large-scale equipment. A laminate-molded product of any shape can be manufactured without size restrictions.

しかし、空洞部を有する積層造形物を積層造形によって造形する場合、その空洞部の外周部を形成する溶着ビードは、他の中実部を形成する溶着ビードと比べて重力等の影響による垂れが生じるおそれがある。このため、形成する空洞部の形状が歪みやすいという問題があった。 However, when a laminate-molded product having a hollow portion is manufactured by lamination molding, the welding bead forming the outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion is more likely to sag under the influence of gravity than the welding beads forming other solid portions. may occur. Therefore, there is a problem that the shape of the cavity to be formed is easily distorted.

本発明は、上記事項に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、歪みのない空洞部を有する造形物を容易にかつ効率よく造形することが可能な積層造形物の製造方法及び積層造形物を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above matters, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article and a laminate-molded article that can easily and efficiently form a molded article having a hollow portion without distortion. is to provide

本発明は下記構成からなる。
（１） 溶加材を溶融及び凝固させた複数の溶着ビードを積層させて空洞部を有する造形物を造形する積層造形物の製造方法であって、
前記空洞部の外周部を造形する外周部造形工程と、
前記外周部を除く他の部分である中実部を造形する中実部造形工程と、
を含み、
前記外周部造形工程では、前記中実部造形工程における前記溶着ビードよりも断面積の小さい小断面溶着ビードによって前記外周部を造形する、
積層造形物の製造方法。
（２） 溶加材を溶融及び凝固させた複数の溶着ビードが積層されて造形され、内部に空洞部が形成された積層造形物であって、
前記空洞部の外周部と、
前記外周部を除く他の部分である中実部と、
を有し、
前記外周部は、前記中実部を形成する前記溶着ビードよりも断面積の小さい小断面溶着ビードから形成されている、
積層造形物。 The present invention consists of the following configurations.
(1) A method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article in which a plurality of welding beads obtained by melting and solidifying a filler material are laminated to form a molded article having a hollow portion,
an outer peripheral part shaping step of shaping the outer peripheral part of the hollow part;
a solid portion forming step of forming a solid portion which is a portion other than the outer peripheral portion;
including
In the outer peripheral portion shaping step, the outer peripheral portion is shaped by a small cross-section welding bead having a smaller cross-sectional area than the welding bead in the solid portion shaping step.
A method for producing a laminate-molded article.
(2) A laminate-molded article formed by laminating a plurality of weld beads obtained by melting and solidifying a filler material and having a cavity formed therein,
an outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion;
a solid portion other than the outer peripheral portion;
has
The outer peripheral portion is formed of a small cross-section weld bead having a smaller cross-sectional area than the weld bead forming the solid portion,
Additive manufacturing.

本発明によれば、歪みのない空洞部を有する造形物を容易にかつ効率よく造形することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the model which has a cavity part without a distortion can be modeled easily and efficiently.

本発明の積層造形物を製造する製造システムの模式的な概略構成図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a typical schematic block diagram of the manufacturing system which manufactures the laminate-molded article of this invention. 積層造形物の製造手順を示す製造途中の積層造形物の概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the laminate-molded article in the middle of manufacture which shows the manufacturing procedure of a laminate-molded article. 積層造形物の製造手順を示す製造途中の積層造形物の概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the laminate-molded article in the middle of manufacture which shows the manufacturing procedure of a laminate-molded article. 積層造形物の製造手順を示す製造途中の積層造形物の概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the laminate-molded article in the middle of manufacture which shows the manufacturing procedure of a laminate-molded article. 積層造形物の製造手順を示す製造途中の積層造形物の概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the laminate-molded article in the middle of manufacture which shows the manufacturing procedure of a laminate-molded article. 積層造形物の製造手順を示す製造途中の積層造形物の概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the laminate-molded article in the middle of manufacture which shows the manufacturing procedure of a laminate-molded article. 他の実施形態に係る積層造形物の製造手順を示す製造途中の積層造形物の概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the laminate-molded article in the middle of manufacture which shows the manufacturing procedure of the laminate-molded article which concerns on other embodiment. 他の実施形態に係る積層造形物の製造手順を示す製造途中の積層造形物の概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the laminate-molded article in the middle of manufacture which shows the manufacturing procedure of the laminate-molded article which concerns on other embodiment. 他の形状の空洞部を有する積層造形物を示す図であって、図４の（ａ）及び図４の（ｂ）はそれぞれ積層造形物の概略断面図である。It is a figure which shows the laminate-molded article which has a cavity part of another shape, Comprising: (a) of FIG. 4 and (b) of FIG. 4 are each schematic sectional drawing of a laminate-molded article.

以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
図１は本発明の積層造形物を製造する製造システムの模式的な概略構成図である。
本構成の製造システム１００は、積層造形装置１１と、積層造形装置１１を統括制御するコントローラ１５と、を備える。 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a manufacturing system for manufacturing a laminate-molded article of the present invention.
A manufacturing system 100 having this configuration includes a laminate molding apparatus 11 and a controller 15 that performs integrated control of the laminate molding apparatus 11 .

積層造形装置１１は、先端軸にトーチ１７を有する溶接ロボット１９と、トーチ１７に溶加材（溶接ワイヤ）Ｍを供給する溶加材供給部２１とを有する。 The layered manufacturing apparatus 11 includes a welding robot 19 having a torch 17 on its tip axis, and a filler material supply section 21 that supplies a filler material (welding wire) M to the torch 17 .

コントローラ１５は、ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ部３１と、軌道演算部３３と、記憶部３５と、これらが接続される制御部３７と、を有する。 The controller 15 has a CAD/CAM section 31, a trajectory calculation section 33, a storage section 35, and a control section 37 to which these are connected.

溶接ロボット１９は、多関節ロボットであり、先端軸に設けたトーチ１７には、溶加材Ｍが連続供給可能に支持される。トーチ１７の位置や姿勢は、ロボットアームの自由度の範囲で３次元的に任意に設定可能となっている。 The welding robot 19 is an articulated robot, and is supported by a torch 17 provided on the tip shaft so that the filler material M can be continuously supplied. The position and posture of the torch 17 can be arbitrarily set three-dimensionally within the range of degrees of freedom of the robot arm.

トーチ１７は、不図示のシールドノズルを有し、シールドノズルからシールドガスが供給される。本構成で用いられるアーク溶接法としては、被覆アーク溶接や炭酸ガスアーク溶接等の消耗電極式、ＴＩＧ溶接やプラズマアーク溶接等の非消耗電極式のいずれであってもよく、作製する積層造形物に応じて適宜選定される。 The torch 17 has a shield nozzle (not shown), and a shield gas is supplied from the shield nozzle. The arc welding method used in this configuration may be a consumable electrode type such as coated arc welding or carbon dioxide gas arc welding, or a non-consumable electrode type such as TIG welding or plasma arc welding. selected as appropriate.

例えば、消耗電極式の場合、シールドノズルの内部にはコンタクトチップが配置され、溶融電流が給電される溶加材Ｍがコンタクトチップに保持される。トーチ１７は、溶加材Ｍを保持しつつ、シールドガス雰囲気で溶加材Ｍの先端からアークを発生する。溶加材Ｍは、ロボットアーム等に取り付けた不図示の繰り出し機構により、溶加材供給部２１からトーチ１７に送給される。そして、トーチ１７を移動しつつ、連続送給される溶加材Ｍを溶融及び凝固させると、ベースプレート１０に溶加材Ｍの溶融凝固体である線状の溶着ビードＢが形成される。 For example, in the case of the consumable electrode type, a contact tip is arranged inside the shield nozzle, and the contact tip holds the filler material M to which the melting current is supplied. The torch 17 holds the filler material M and generates an arc from the tip of the filler material M in a shield gas atmosphere. The melt material M is fed from the melt material supply unit 21 to the torch 17 by a delivery mechanism (not shown) attached to a robot arm or the like. When the continuously fed filler material M is melted and solidified while the torch 17 is moved, a linear welding bead B, which is a melted and solidified body of the filler material M, is formed on the base plate 10 .

なお、溶加材Ｍを溶融させる熱源としては、上記したアークに限らない。例えば、アークとレーザとを併用した加熱方式、プラズマを用いる加熱方式、電子ビームやレーザを用いる加熱方式等、他の方式による熱源を採用してもよい。電子ビームやレーザにより加熱する場合、加熱量を更に細かく制御でき、溶着ビードの状態をより適正に維持して、積層構造物の更なる品質向上に寄与できる。 The heat source for melting the filler material M is not limited to the arc described above. For example, a heat source using other methods such as a heating method using both an arc and a laser, a heating method using plasma, a heating method using an electron beam or a laser, or the like may be employed. When heating with an electron beam or laser, the amount of heating can be more finely controlled, the state of the welding bead can be maintained more appropriately, and the quality of the laminated structure can be further improved.

ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ部３１は、作製しようとする積層造形物の形状データを作成した後、複数の層に分割して各層の形状を表す層形状データを生成する。軌道演算部３３は、生成された層形状データに基づいてトーチ１７の移動軌跡を求める。記憶部３５は、生成された層形状データやトーチ１７の移動軌跡等のデータを記憶する。 The CAD/CAM unit 31 creates shape data of a layered product to be manufactured, divides it into a plurality of layers, and generates layer shape data representing the shape of each layer. The trajectory calculator 33 obtains the movement trajectory of the torch 17 based on the generated layer shape data. The storage unit 35 stores data such as the generated layer shape data and the movement trajectory of the torch 17 .

制御部３７は、記憶部３５に記憶された層形状データやトーチ１７の移動軌跡に基づく駆動プログラムを実行して、溶接ロボット１９を駆動する。 The control unit 37 drives the welding robot 19 by executing a drive program based on the layer shape data stored in the storage unit 35 and the movement locus of the torch 17 .

制御部３７は、記憶部３５に記憶された層形状データやトーチ１７の移動軌跡に基づく駆動プログラムを実行して、溶接ロボット１９を駆動する。つまり、溶接ロボット１９は、コントローラ１５からの指令により、軌道演算部３３で生成したトーチ１７の移動軌跡に基づき、溶加材Ｍをアークで溶融させながらトーチ１７を移動する。 The control unit 37 drives the welding robot 19 by executing a drive program based on the layer shape data stored in the storage unit 35 and the movement locus of the torch 17 . That is, the welding robot 19 moves the torch 17 while melting the filler material M with an arc based on the movement trajectory of the torch 17 generated by the trajectory calculation unit 33 according to the command from the controller 15 .

上記構成の製造システム１００は、設定された層形状データから生成されるトーチ１７の移動軌跡に沿って、トーチ１７を溶接ロボット１９の駆動により移動させながら、溶加材Ｍを溶融させ、溶融した溶加材Ｍをベースプレート１０上に供給する。これにより、例えば、水平に配置させたベースプレート１０上に複数の線状の溶着ビードＢが水平方向に積層された積層造形物Ｗが造形される。 The manufacturing system 100 configured as described above melts the filler material M while moving the torch 17 by driving the welding robot 19 along the movement trajectory of the torch 17 generated from the set layer shape data. A filler material M is fed onto the base plate 10 . As a result, for example, a laminate-molded article W is formed in which a plurality of linear welding beads B are horizontally laminated on the horizontally arranged base plate 10 .

図１においては、水平に設置された鋼板からなるベースプレート１０上に複数の溶着ビードＢを積層させて複数の空洞部Ｃが水平方向に沿って形成された積層造形物Ｗを造形する様子を示している。このように、この製造システム１００による造形技術によれば、大掛かりな設備を必要とせずに、空洞部Ｃを有する複雑形状の積層造形物Ｗを容易に造形することができる。この空洞部Ｃは、例えば、流体が通される流路等として用いられる。具体的には、この積層造形物Ｗを、例えば、ミキサーやポンプなどのロータとして用いる際に、空洞部Ｃに冷却水などの冷却媒体が流される。そして、この冷却媒体が空洞部Ｃへ流れることで、積層造形物Ｗが冷却される。 FIG. 1 shows how a laminate-molded product W in which a plurality of cavities C are formed along the horizontal direction is formed by laminating a plurality of welding beads B on a base plate 10 made of a steel plate placed horizontally. ing. As described above, according to the modeling technique by the manufacturing system 100, the complex-shaped laminate-molded article W having the cavity portion C can be easily modeled without requiring large-scale equipment. This cavity portion C is used, for example, as a channel or the like through which a fluid is passed. Specifically, when the laminate-molded article W is used as a rotor of a mixer, a pump, or the like, a cooling medium such as cooling water is caused to flow through the cavity portion C. As shown in FIG. Then, the laminate-molded article W is cooled by the cooling medium flowing into the cavity portion C. As shown in FIG.

ところで、空洞部Ｃを有する積層造形物Ｗを積層造形によって造形する場合、その空洞部Ｃの外周部を形成する溶着ビードＢは、他の中実部を形成する溶着ビードＢと比べて重力等の影響による垂れが生じるおそれがある。このため、形成する空洞部Ｃの形状が歪みやすいという問題がある。 By the way, when a laminate-molded article W having a hollow portion C is modeled by laminate molding, the welding bead B forming the outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion C is affected by gravity and the like compared to the welding beads B forming other solid portions. There is a risk of dripping due to the influence of Therefore, there is a problem that the shape of the cavity portion C to be formed is easily distorted.

このため、本実施形態では、歪みのない空洞部Ｃを有する積層造形物Ｗを造形するために、以下のように積層造形物Ｗを製造する。
図２Ａ～図２Ｅは、積層造形物の製造手順を示す製造途中の積層造形物の概略断面図である。 Therefore, in the present embodiment, the laminate-molded article W is manufactured as follows in order to form the laminate-molded article W having the cavity C without distortion.
2A to 2E are schematic cross-sectional views of a laminate-molded article in the process of manufacturing, showing the manufacturing procedure of the laminate-molded article.

図２Ａに示すように、水平に設置したベースプレート１０に対して、設定された層形状データから生成されるトーチ１７の移動軌跡に沿って、積層造形装置１１のトーチ１７を溶接ロボット１９の駆動により移動させながら、溶加材Ｍを溶融させ、ベースプレート１０上に溶着ビードＢを形成する。そして、この溶着ビードＢを積層させて積層部Ｗ１を造形する（中実部造形工程）。 As shown in FIG. 2A , the welding robot 19 drives the torch 17 of the additive manufacturing apparatus 11 along the moving trajectory of the torch 17 generated from the set layer shape data with respect to the horizontally installed base plate 10 . While being moved, the filler material M is melted to form a welding bead B on the base plate 10 . Then, the weld beads B are laminated to form a laminated portion W1 (solid portion forming step).

図２Ｂ及び図２Ｃに示すように、積層部Ｗ１を空洞部Ｃの外周部Ｗａの造形予定位置（図２Ｂ及び図２Ｃにおける点線部分）に達するまで造形したら、外周部Ｗａの造形予定位置に、小断面溶着ビードＢｓを形成する（外周部造形工程）。この小断面溶着ビードＢｓは、外周部Ｗａを除く他の部分である中実部Ｗｂを造形する溶着ビードＢよりも小さい断面積を有している。 As shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C, after forming the laminated portion W1 until it reaches the planned modeling position (dotted line portion in FIGS. 2B and 2C) of the outer peripheral portion Wa of the cavity portion C, at the planned modeling position of the outer peripheral portion Wa, A small cross-section welding bead Bs is formed (peripheral portion shaping step). The small-section welding bead Bs has a smaller cross-sectional area than the welding bead B forming the solid portion Wb, which is the portion other than the outer peripheral portion Wa.

ここで、溶着ビードＢと小断面溶着ビードＢｓとは、異なる施工速度で形成する。例えば、小断面溶着ビードＢｓに対して４倍の施工速度で中実部Ｗｂの溶着ビードＢを形成する。換言すれば、溶着ビードＢに対して１／４の施工速度で小断面溶着ビードＢｓを形成する。これにより、中実部Ｗｂを造形する溶着ビードＢに対して小断面溶着ビードＢｓの断面積が相対的に小さくされる。なお、施工速度を上げて小断面溶着ビードＢｓよりも大きな断面の溶着ビードＢを形成するには、例えば、小断面溶着ビードＢｓを形成する場合と比べ、溶加材Ｍの送給速度を速くすればよい。 Here, the welding bead B and the small-section welding bead Bs are formed at different construction speeds. For example, the welding bead B of the solid portion Wb is formed at a construction speed four times that of the small-section welding bead Bs. In other words, the welding bead Bs with a small cross section is formed at a construction speed of 1/4 that of the welding bead B. As a result, the cross-sectional area of the small-section weld bead Bs is made relatively smaller than the weld bead B forming the solid portion Wb. In order to increase the construction speed and form a welding bead B having a larger cross section than the small cross-section welding bead Bs, for example, the feeding speed of the filler material M is increased compared to the case of forming the small cross-section welding bead Bs. do it.

図２Ｄに示すように、積層部Ｗ１を外周部Ｗａの形成予定位置の上部近傍まで造形したら、さらに外周部Ｗａの形成予定位置に小断面溶着ビードＢｓを形成し、外周部Ｗａを造形する。これにより、外周部Ｗａが形成されて空洞部Ｃの上部が閉塞された積層部Ｗ１を造形する。 As shown in FIG. 2D, after forming the laminated portion W1 to the vicinity of the upper portion of the planned formation position of the outer peripheral portion Wa, a small cross-section welding bead Bs is further formed at the planned formation position of the outer peripheral portion Wa to form the outer peripheral portion Wa. As a result, the laminated portion W1 in which the outer peripheral portion Wa is formed and the upper portion of the cavity portion C is closed is formed.

図２Ｅに示すように、外周部Ｗａを形成して空洞部Ｃを閉塞させたら、外周部Ｗａを除く他の中実部Ｗｂに小断面溶着ビードＢｓよりも大きな断面積を有する溶着ビードＢを積層させる。これにより、小断面溶着ビードＢｓからなる外周部Ｗａによって囲われた空洞部Ｃを有する積層造形物Ｗが得られる。 As shown in FIG. 2E, when the outer peripheral portion Wa is formed and the cavity portion C is closed, a weld bead B having a larger cross-sectional area than the small cross-section weld bead Bs is formed in the solid portion Wb other than the outer peripheral portion Wa. Laminate. As a result, a laminate-molded article W having a hollow portion C surrounded by an outer peripheral portion Wa composed of the small-section welding bead Bs is obtained.

このように、本実施形態に係る積層造形物の製造方法及び積層造形物によれば、空洞部Ｃの外周部Ｗａを、この外周部Ｗａを除く他の中実部Ｗｂを造形する際の溶着ビードＢよりも断面積の小さい小断面溶着ビードＢｓによって造形する。これにより、空洞部Ｃの外周部Ｗａを造形する際には、その上部においても、重力等による垂れを抑制することができ、また、その他の中実部Ｗｂを造形する際には、大きな断面積の溶着ビードＢによって効率よく造形することができる。特に、精度が要求される空洞部Ｃの外周部Ｗａを造形した後に、中実部Ｗｂにおける未造形部分を小断面溶着ビードＢｓより大きな断面積の溶着ビードＢによって造形する。これにより、歪みのない空洞部Ｃを有する積層造形物Ｗを容易にかつ効率よく迅速に造形することができる。 As described above, according to the method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article and the laminate-molded article according to the present embodiment, the outer peripheral portion Wa of the cavity portion C is welded when forming the solid portion Wb other than the outer peripheral portion Wa. A small-section welding bead Bs having a smaller cross-sectional area than the bead B is used for modeling. As a result, when forming the outer peripheral portion Wa of the hollow portion C, it is possible to suppress drooping due to gravity even in the upper portion thereof, and when forming the other solid portion Wb, a large cross section can be suppressed. The welding bead B having the area can be efficiently shaped. In particular, after forming the outer peripheral portion Wa of the hollow portion C, which requires precision, the unformed portion of the solid portion Wb is formed with a welding bead B having a larger cross-sectional area than the small-section welding bead Bs. As a result, it is possible to easily, efficiently and quickly form the laminate-molded article W having the cavity C without distortion.

次に、他の実施形態に係る積層造形物の製造方法及び積層造形物について説明する。
図３Ａ及び図３Ｂは、他の実施形態に係る積層造形物の製造手順を示す製造途中の積層造形物の概略断面図である。
図３Ａに示すように、他の実施形態では、小断面溶着ビードＢｓで外周部Ｗａを形成して空洞部Ｃを閉塞させたら、その外周部Ｗａの一部である上部に、小断面溶着ビードＢｓを積層させて補強層Ｗｃを形成する。これにより、外周部Ｗａの上部を小断面溶着ビードＢｓからなる補強層Ｗｃによって覆う。 Next, a method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article and a laminate-molded article according to another embodiment will be described.
FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are schematic cross-sectional views of a laminate-molded article in the process of manufacturing, showing the manufacturing procedure of the laminate-molded article according to another embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 3A, in another embodiment, when the outer peripheral portion Wa is formed with the small cross-section welding bead Bs to block the cavity C, the small cross-section welding bead is placed on the upper part of the outer peripheral portion Wa. Bs is laminated to form a reinforcing layer Wc. As a result, the upper portion of the outer peripheral portion Wa is covered with the reinforcing layer Wc made of the small-section welding bead Bs.

その後、図３Ｂに示すように、外周部Ｗａ及び補強層Ｗｃを除く他の中実部Ｗｂに小断面溶着ビードＢｓよりも大きな断面積を有する溶着ビードＢを積層させる。これにより、小断面溶着ビードＢｓからなる外周部Ｗａによって囲われた空洞部Ｃを有する積層造形物Ｗが得られる。 After that, as shown in FIG. 3B, a weld bead B having a larger cross-sectional area than the small-section weld bead Bs is laminated on the solid portion Wb other than the outer peripheral portion Wa and the reinforcing layer Wc. As a result, a laminate-molded article W having a hollow portion C surrounded by an outer peripheral portion Wa composed of the small-section welding bead Bs is obtained.

この他の実施形態に係る積層造形物の製造方法及び積層造形物によれば、重力の影響を受けやすい外周部Ｗａの上部を小断面溶着ビードＢｓで覆って補強することができる。これにより、空洞部Ｃの外周部Ｗａの上部に溶着ビードＢを積層させて中実部Ｗｂを造形する際に、この溶着ビードＢから受ける外力による影響を抑えることができる。また、溶着ビードＢを積層する際の入熱量が大きくても外周部Ｗａの一部が溶け落ちることを抑制できる。 According to the method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article and the laminate-molded article according to another embodiment, the upper portion of the outer peripheral portion Wa, which is susceptible to gravity, can be covered and reinforced with the small-section welding bead Bs. As a result, when forming the solid portion Wb by laminating the welding bead B on the upper portion of the outer peripheral portion Wa of the hollow portion C, the influence of the external force from the welding bead B can be suppressed. Further, even if the amount of heat input during lamination of the welding beads B is large, it is possible to prevent a part of the outer peripheral portion Wa from melting down.

なお、製造する積層造形物Ｗにおける空洞部Ｃは、断面円形状に限らない。例えば、空洞部Ｃとしては、図４の（ａ）に示すように、水平方向に長い断面長円形状であってもよい。また、図４の（ｂ）に示すように、上部がアーチ状に形成された縦長形状であってもよい。 In addition, the cavity portion C in the laminate-molded article W to be manufactured is not limited to a circular cross-sectional shape. For example, as shown in FIG. 4(a), the hollow portion C may have an oblong cross-sectional shape that is elongated in the horizontal direction. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4(b), it may have a vertically long shape with an arched upper portion.

このように、本発明は上記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、実施形態の各構成を相互に組み合わせることや、明細書の記載、並びに周知の技術に基づいて、当業者が変更、応用することも本発明の予定するところであり、保護を求める範囲に含まれる。 As described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make modifications and applications by combining each configuration of the embodiments with each other, based on the description of the specification and well-known techniques. It is also contemplated by the present invention that it falls within the scope of protection sought.

以上の通り、本明細書には次の事項が開示されている。
（１） 溶加材を溶融及び凝固させた複数の溶着ビードを積層させて空洞部を有する造形物を造形する積層造形物の製造方法であって、
前記空洞部の外周部を造形する外周部造形工程と、
前記外周部を除く他の部分である中実部を造形する中実部造形工程と、
を含み、
前記外周部造形工程では、前記中実部造形工程における前記溶着ビードよりも断面積の小さい小断面溶着ビードによって前記外周部を造形する、
積層造形物の製造方法。 As described above, this specification discloses the following matters.
(1) A method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article in which a plurality of welding beads obtained by melting and solidifying a filler material are laminated to form a molded article having a hollow portion,
an outer peripheral portion shaping step of shaping the outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion;
a solid portion forming step of forming a solid portion other than the outer peripheral portion;
including
In the outer peripheral portion shaping step, the outer peripheral portion is shaped by a small cross-section welding bead having a smaller cross-sectional area than the welding bead in the solid portion shaping step.
A method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article.

上記（１）の構成の積層造形物の製造方法によれば、空洞部の外周部を、この外周部を除く他の中実部を造形する際の溶着ビードよりも断面積の小さい小断面溶着ビードによって造形する。これにより、空洞部の外周部を造形する際には、重力等による垂れを抑制することができ、また、その他の中実部を造形する際には、大きな断面積の溶着ビードによって効率よく造形することができる。つまり、歪みのない空洞部を有する積層造形物を容易にかつ効率よく造形することができる。 According to the method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article having the above configuration (1), the outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion is welded with a small cross section having a smaller cross-sectional area than the welding bead used when forming the solid portion other than the outer peripheral portion. Shaping with beads. As a result, when molding the outer periphery of the cavity, it is possible to suppress sagging due to gravity, etc., and when molding other solid parts, welding beads with a large cross-sectional area are used for efficient molding. can do. In other words, it is possible to easily and efficiently form a laminate-molded article having a cavity with no distortion.

（２） 前記外周部造形工程による前記外周部の造形完了後に、前記中実部造形工程によって前記中実部における未造形部分を造形する、
（１）に記載の積層造形物の製造方法。 (2) forming an unshaped portion of the solid portion by the solid portion forming step after completing the forming of the outer peripheral portion by the outer peripheral portion forming step;
(1) The method for producing a laminate-molded article.

上記（２）の構成の積層造形物の製造方法によれば、精度が要求される空洞部の外周部を造形した後に、中実部における未造形部分を小断面溶着ビードより大きな断面積の溶着ビードによって迅速に効率よく造形することができる。 According to the method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article having the above configuration (2), after molding the outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion, which requires precision, the unmolded portion of the solid portion is welded with a cross-sectional area larger than that of the small-section weld bead. Beads can be quickly and efficiently shaped.

（３） 前記外周部造形工程において、前記外周部の少なくとも一部を前記小断面溶着ビードで覆う、
（１）または（２）に記載の積層造形物の製造方法。 (3) At least part of the outer peripheral portion is covered with the small cross-section welding bead in the outer peripheral portion forming step.
(1) or the manufacturing method of the laminate-molded article as described in (2).

上記（３）の構成の積層造形物の製造方法によれば、例えば、重力等の外力の影響を受けやすい外周部の一部を小断面溶着ビードで覆って補強することができる。これにより、空洞部の外周部に溶着ビードを積層させて中実部を造形する際に、この溶着ビードから受ける外力による影響を抑えることができる。 According to the method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article having the configuration (3), for example, a part of the outer peripheral portion, which is susceptible to external forces such as gravity, can be reinforced by covering it with a small cross-section welding bead. As a result, when forming the solid portion by laminating the welding bead on the outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion, it is possible to suppress the influence of the external force from the welding bead.

（４） 前記外周部造形工程及び前記中実部造形工程によって、水平方向に沿う前記溶着ビードを上下方向に積層させ、前記空洞部の少なくとも上部が閉塞された前記造形物を造形する、
（１）から（３）のいずれか一つに記載の積層造形物の製造方法。 (4) By the outer peripheral portion forming step and the solid portion forming step, the welding beads along the horizontal direction are stacked vertically to form the formed object in which at least the upper portion of the hollow portion is closed.
The method for producing a laminate-molded article according to any one of (1) to (3).

上記（４）の構成の積層造形物によれば、空洞部の外周部を小断面溶着ビードによって形成するので、重力の影響が大きい空洞部の外周部における上部においても、溶着ビードの垂れ落ちによる空洞部の歪みが抑制される。これにより、歪みが抑えられた空洞部を有する積層造形物を容易にかつ効率よく造形することができる。 According to the laminate-molded article having the above configuration (4), since the outer peripheral portion of the cavity is formed by the small-section welding bead, even in the upper part of the outer peripheral portion of the cavity, which is greatly affected by gravity, the welding bead does not drip down. Distortion of the cavity is suppressed. As a result, it is possible to easily and efficiently form a laminate-molded article having a hollow portion in which distortion is suppressed.

（５） 溶加材を溶融及び凝固させた複数の溶着ビードが積層されて造形され、内部に空洞部が形成された積層造形物であって、
前記空洞部の外周部と、
前記外周部を除く他の部分である中実部と、
を有し、
前記外周部は、前記中実部を形成する前記溶着ビードよりも断面積の小さい小断面溶着ビードから形成されている、
積層造形物。 (5) A laminate-molded article formed by laminating a plurality of welding beads obtained by melting and solidifying a filler material and having a cavity formed therein,
an outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion;
a solid portion other than the outer peripheral portion;
has
The outer peripheral portion is formed of a small cross-section weld bead having a smaller cross-sectional area than the weld bead forming the solid portion,
Additive manufacturing.

上記（５）の構成の積層造形物によれば、空洞部の外周部が、中実部の溶着ビードよりも断面積の小さい小断面溶着ビードから形成されている。これにより、この積層造形物の空洞部の外周部を造形する際には、重力等による垂れを抑制することができ、また、その他の中実部を造形する際には、大きな断面積の溶着ビードによって効率よく造形することができる。これにより、歪みのない空洞部を有し、しかも、容易にかつ効率よく造形することが可能な積層造形物とすることができる。 According to the laminate-molded product having the configuration (5) above, the outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion is formed of a small cross-section weld bead having a smaller cross-sectional area than the weld bead of the solid portion. As a result, when forming the outer peripheral portion of the cavity of this layered product, it is possible to suppress sagging due to gravity, etc., and when forming other solid portions, welding of a large cross-sectional area is possible. Beads can be efficiently shaped. As a result, it is possible to obtain a laminate-molded article that has a distortion-free hollow portion and that can be easily and efficiently molded.

（６） 前記外周部の少なくとも一部が前記小断面溶着ビードで覆われている、
（５）に記載の積層造形物。 (6) At least part of the outer peripheral portion is covered with the small-section weld bead,
(5) The laminate-molded article according to the above.

上記（６）の構成の積層造形物によれば、溶着ビードを積層させて造形する際に、例えば、重力等の外力の影響を受けやすい外周部の一部を小断面溶着ビードで覆って補強し、空洞部の外周部に溶着ビードを積層させて中実部を造形する際に、この溶着ビードから受ける外力による影響を抑えることができる。 According to the laminate-molded article having the configuration of (6) above, when forming by laminating the welding beads, for example, part of the outer peripheral portion, which is susceptible to external forces such as gravity, is covered with the small-section welding bead for reinforcement. In addition, when forming the solid portion by laminating the welding bead on the outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion, the influence of the external force from the welding bead can be suppressed.

（７） 水平方向に沿う前記溶着ビードが上下方向に積層され、前記空洞部の少なくとも上部が閉塞されている、
（５）または（６）に記載の積層造形物。 (7) The welding beads along the horizontal direction are stacked vertically, and at least the upper part of the cavity is closed.
(5) or the laminate-molded article according to (6).

上記（７）の構成の積層造形物によれば、空洞部の外周部が小断面溶着ビードによって形成されているので、重力の影響が大きい空洞部の外周部における上部においても、溶着ビードの垂れ落ちによる空洞部の歪みが抑制される。これにより、歪みが抑えられた空洞部を有する積層造形物とすることができる。 According to the laminate-molded product having the above configuration (7), since the outer peripheral portion of the cavity is formed by the small-section welding bead, the welding bead hangs even in the upper part of the outer peripheral portion of the cavity, which is greatly affected by gravity. Distortion of the cavity due to falling is suppressed. Thereby, it is possible to obtain a laminate-molded article having a hollow portion in which distortion is suppressed.

Ｂ 溶着ビード
Ｂｓ 小断面溶着ビード
Ｃ 空洞部
Ｍ 溶加材
Ｗ 積層造形物
Ｗａ 外周部
Ｗｂ 中実部 B Welding bead Bs Small cross-section welding bead C Cavity M Filler material W Laminated product Wa Peripheral part Wb Solid part

Claims (4)

溶加材を溶融及び凝固させた複数の溶着ビードを積層させて空洞部を有する造形物を造形する積層造形物の製造方法であって、
前記空洞部の外周部を造形する外周部造形工程と、
前記外周部を除く他の部分である中実部を造形する中実部造形工程と、
を含み、
前記外周部造形工程では、前記中実部造形工程における前記溶着ビードよりも断面積の小さい小断面溶着ビードによって前記外周部を造形した後に、造形した前記外周部の上部に前記小断面溶着ビードを積層させて補強層を形成し、
前記中実部造形工程では、前記外周部及び前記補強層を除く他の前記中実部に前記小断面溶着ビードよりも大きな断面積を有する溶着ビードを積層させる、
積層造形物の製造方法。 A method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article in which a plurality of welding beads obtained by melting and solidifying a filler material are laminated to form a molded article having a cavity,
an outer peripheral portion shaping step of shaping the outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion;
a solid portion forming step of forming a solid portion other than the outer peripheral portion;
including
In the outer peripheral portion shaping step, after shaping the outer peripheral portion with a small cross-section welding bead having a smaller cross-sectional area than the welding bead in the solid portion shaping step, the small cross-section welding bead is formed on the upper portion of the shaped outer peripheral portion. Laminated to form a reinforcing layer,
In the solid portion forming step, a welding bead having a larger cross-sectional area than the small cross-section welding bead is laminated on the solid portion other than the outer peripheral portion and the reinforcing layer.
A method for manufacturing a laminate-molded article. 前記外周部造形工程及び前記中実部造形工程によって、水平方向に沿う前記溶着ビードを上下方向に積層させ、前記空洞部の少なくとも上部が閉塞された前記造形物を造形する、
請求項１に記載の積層造形物の製造方法。 By the outer peripheral portion forming step and the solid portion forming step, the welding beads along the horizontal direction are vertically stacked to form the formed object in which at least the upper portion of the hollow portion is closed.
The manufacturing method of the laminate-molded article according to claim 1 . 溶加材を溶融及び凝固させた複数の溶着ビードが積層されて造形され、内部に空洞部が形成された積層造形物であって、
前記空洞部の外周部と、
前記外周部を除く他の部分である中実部と、
を有し、
前記外周部は、前記中実部を形成する前記溶着ビードよりも断面積の小さい小断面溶着ビードから形成され、前記外周部の上部には前記小断面溶着ビードで覆われた補強層が形成されており、
前記補強層には、さらに前記中実部を形成する前記溶着ビードが積層されている、
積層造形物。 A laminate-molded product in which a plurality of welding beads obtained by melting and solidifying a filler material are laminated and molded, and a cavity is formed inside,
an outer peripheral portion of the hollow portion;
a solid portion other than the outer peripheral portion;
has
The outer peripheral portion is formed of a small cross-section weld bead having a smaller cross-sectional area than the weld bead forming the solid portion, and a reinforcing layer covered with the small cross-section weld bead is formed on the upper portion of the outer peripheral portion. and
The welding bead forming the solid portion is further laminated on the reinforcing layer,
Additive manufacturing. 水平方向に沿う前記溶着ビードが上下方向に積層され、前記空洞部の少なくとも上部が閉塞されている、
請求項３に記載の積層造形物。 The weld beads extending in the horizontal direction are stacked vertically, and at least an upper portion of the cavity is closed.
The laminate-molded article according to claim 3 .
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