JP7237830B2 - 交差格子を用いた導波管光マルチプレクサ - Google Patents
交差格子を用いた導波管光マルチプレクサ Download PDFInfo
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
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- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
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- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Description
本願は、米国仮特許出願第62/424,293号(2016年11月18日出願)に対する優先権の利益を主張し、上記出願の内容は、その全体が参照により本明細書に引用される。
本願は、以下の特許出願の各々の全体を参照により組み込む:米国出願第14/555,585号(2014年11月27日出願)、米国出願第14/690,401号(2015年4月18日出願)、米国出願第14/212,961号(2014年3月14日出願)、米国出願第14/331,218号(2014年7月14日出願)、および米国出願第15/072,290号(2016年3月16日出願)
(分野)
本開示は、ディスプレイシステムに関し、より具体的には、光の多重化に関する。
現代のコンピューティングおよびディスプレイ技術は、いわゆる「仮想現実」または「拡張現実」体験のためのシステムの開発を促進しており、デジタル的に再現された画像またはその一部が、現実であるように見える様式、またはそのように知覚され得る様式でユーザに提示される。仮想現実、すなわち、「VR」シナリオは、典型的には、他の実際の実世界の視覚的入力に対する透過性を伴わずに、デジタルまたは仮想画像情報の提示を伴い、拡張現実または「AR」シナリオは、典型的には、ユーザの周囲の実際の世界の可視化に対する拡張としてのデジタルまたは仮想画像情報の提示を伴う。複合現実または「MR」シナリオは、一種のARシナリオであり、典型的には、自然世界の中に統合され、それに応答する仮想オブジェクトを伴う。例えば、MRシナリオでは、AR画像コンテンツは、実世界内のオブジェクトによってブロックされて見え、または別様にそれと相互作用するように知覚され得る。
いくつかの実施形態によると、光学要素が、本明細書に提供される。いくつかの実施形態では、光学要素は、導波管と、格子方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子であって、導波管の主要表面上に配置されている、1つ以上の第1の回折格子と、格子方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子であって、1つ以上の第1の回折格子の格子方向が1つ以上の第2の回折格子の格子方向と垂直であるように、1つ以上の第1の回折格子に対して配置されている、1つ以上の第2の回折格子とを備えている。
本発明は、例えば、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
光学要素であって、前記光学要素は、
導波管と、
格子方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子であって、前記1つ以上の第1の回折格子は、前記導波管の主要表面上に配置されている、少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子と、
格子方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子と
を備え、
前記1つ以上の第2の回折格子は、前記1つ以上の第1の回折格子の格子方向が前記1つ以上の第2の回折格子の格子方向と垂直であるように、前記1つ以上の第1の回折格子に対して配置されている、光学要素。
(項目2)
前記1つ以上の第1の回折格子は、前記導波管の底部主要表面上に配置され、前記1つ以上の第2の回折格子は、前記導波管の上部主要表面上に配置されている、項目1に記載の光学要素。
(項目3)
前記1つ以上の第2の回折格子は、隔離層によって、前記1つ以上の第1の回折格子から分離されている、項目1に記載の光学要素。
(項目4)
前記隔離層は、透明酸化物またはポリマー材料を備えている、項目3に記載の光学要素。
(項目5)
前記1つ以上の第1の回折格子および前記1つ以上の第2の回折格子の各々は、対称回折格子を備えている、項目1に記載の光学要素。
(項目6)
前記1つ以上の第1の回折格子は、第1の回折方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第1の非対称回折格子と、前記第1の回折方向と逆平行の第2の回折方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第2の非対称回折格子とをさらに備え、
前記1つ以上の第2の回折格子は、第3の優先回折方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第3の非対称回折格子と、前記第3の回折方向と逆平行の第4の回折方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第4の非対称回折格子とをさらに備えている、項目1に記載の光学要素。
(項目7)
前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、ブレーズド格子、ブラッグ格子、液晶格子、正弦波格子、バイナリ格子、体積位相格子、またはメタ表面格子を備えている、項目6に記載の光学要素。
(項目8)
前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、液晶材料を備えている、前項目7に記載の光学要素。
(項目9)
前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、ネマチック液晶材料を備えている、項目8に記載の光学要素。
(項目10)
前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、コレステリック液晶材料を備えている、項目8に記載の光学要素。
(項目11)
前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、重合化可能液晶材料を備えている、項目8に記載の光学要素。
(項目12)
前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、ナノインプリントプロセスによって形成される、項目8に記載の光学要素。
(項目13)
前記第1の非対称回折格子は、第1の整合層上に堆積され、前記第3の非対称回折格子は、第2の整合層上に堆積されている、項目8に記載の光学要素。
(項目14)
前記第2の非対称回折格子は、直接、前記第1の非対称回折格子上に堆積され、前記第4の非対称回折格子は、直接、前記第3の非対称回折格子上に堆積されている、項目13に記載の光学要素。
(項目15)
前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、偏光格子を備えている、項目8に記載の光学要素。
(項目16)
前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、偏光格子を備え、非対称回折格子の傾斜角度は、前記コレステリック液晶材料のキラリティ、掌性、および螺旋ピッチに対応する、項目10に記載の光学要素。
(項目17)
各非対称回折格子の傾斜角度は、前記液晶材料内のキラルドーパントの量に対応する、項目15に記載の光学要素。
(項目18)
前記第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、複数の液晶材料層を備え、前記回折格子のうちの1つのための前記複数の液晶材料層のうちの少なくとも2つは、異なる傾斜角度を有する、項目15に記載の光学要素。
(項目19)
前記1つ以上の第1の非対称回折格子は、第1の円偏光掌性を備え、前記1つ以上の第2の非対称回折格子は、前記第1の円偏光掌性に直交する第2の円偏光掌性を備えている、項目15に記載の光学要素。
(項目20)
前記1つ以上の第3の非対称回折格子は、第3の円偏光掌性を備え、前記1つ以上の第4の非対称回折格子は、前記第3の円偏光掌性に直交する第4の円偏光掌性を備えている、項目15に記載の光学要素。
いくつかの実施形態では、光学要素が、本明細書に説明され、これは、2次元で回折を介して光学要素上に入射する光を分散させることができる。すなわち、ある場所において光学要素の表面上に入射する光の光線は、2次元で、例えば、光学要素の長さおよび幅に沿って、光学要素を通して伝搬することができる。内部結合光はまた、光学要素から外に指向される、すなわち、2次元で光学要素の表面上で分散される複数の場所において、光学要素から外部結合され得る。
第1の実施例では、光学要素が、本明細書に提供され、光学要素は、導波管と、格子方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子であって、導波管の主要表面上に配置されている、1つ以上の第1の回折格子と、格子方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子であって、1つ以上の第1の回折格子の格子方向が1つ以上の第2の回折格子の格子方向と垂直であるように、1つ以上の第1の回折格子に対して配置されている、1つ以上の第2の回折格子とを備えている。
Claims (25)
- 光学要素であって、前記光学要素は、
導波管と、
外部結合光学要素であって、
格子方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子であって、前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子は、前記導波管の主要表面上に配置されている、少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子と、
格子方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子と
を備え、前記少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子は、前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子の格子方向が前記少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子の格子方向と垂直であるように、前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子に対して配置されており、前記少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子は、前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子にわたって配置され、前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子に少なくとも部分的に重複し、前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子および前記少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子は、前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子と前記少なくとも1つの第2の回折格子との間に別の導波管が介在することなしに、前記少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子が前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子の上方に、かつ、前記導波管の前記主要表面の上方に配置されるように、同一の前記導波管の同一の光出射側上に配置されている、外部結合光学要素と、
前記導波管上の前記外部結合光学要素から側方に変位された別の場所に位置付けられた内部結合光学要素と、
画像コンテンツを有する画像光を前記内部結合光学要素上に指向するように構成されている画像投入デバイスと
を備え、前記内部結合光学要素は、前記画像光が前記導波管内を前記外部結合光学要素まで誘導されるように、前記画像光を前記導波管内に内部結合するように構成されている、光学要素。 - 前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子および前記少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子は、前記導波管の同一の底部主要表面または上部主要表面にわたって配置されている、請求項1に記載の光学要素。
- 前記少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子は、隔離層によって、前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子から分離されている、請求項1に記載の光学要素。
- 前記隔離層は、透明酸化物またはポリマー材料を備えている、請求項3に記載の光学要素。
- 前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子および前記少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子の各々は、対称回折格子を備えている、請求項1に記載の光学要素。
- 前記少なくとも1つ以上の第1の回折格子は、第1の回折方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第1の非対称回折格子と、前記第1の回折方向と逆平行の第2の回折方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第2の非対称回折格子とを備え、
前記少なくとも1つ以上の第2の回折格子は、第3の回折方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第3の非対称回折格子と、前記第3の回折方向と逆平行の第4の回折方向を有する少なくとも1つ以上の第4の非対称回折格子とを備えている、請求項1に記載の光学要素。 - 前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、ブレーズド格子、ブラッグ格子、液晶格子、正弦波格子、バイナリ格子、体積位相格子、またはメタ表面格子を備えている、請求項6に記載の光学要素。
- 前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、液晶材料を備えている、請求項7に記載の光学要素。
- 前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、ネマチック液晶材料を備えている、請求項8に記載の光学要素。
- 前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、コレステリック液晶材料を備えている、請求項8に記載の光学要素。
- 前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、重合化可能液晶材料を備えている、請求項8に記載の光学要素。
- 前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、ナノインプリントプロセスによって形成される、請求項8に記載の光学要素。
- 前記第1の非対称回折格子は、第1の整合層上に堆積され、前記第3の非対称回折格子は、第2の整合層上に堆積されている、請求項8に記載の光学要素。
- 前記第2の非対称回折格子は、直接、前記第1の非対称回折格子上に堆積され、前記第4の非対称回折格子は、直接、前記第3の非対称回折格子上に堆積されている、請求項13に記載の光学要素。
- 前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、偏光格子を備えている、請求項8に記載の光学要素。
- 前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、偏光格子を備え、非対称回折格子の傾斜角度は、前記コレステリック液晶材料のキラリティ、掌性、および螺旋ピッチに対応する、請求項10に記載の光学要素。
- 各非対称回折格子の傾斜角度は、前記液晶材料内のキラルドーパントの量に対応する、請求項15に記載の光学要素。
- 前記1つ以上の第1、第2、第3、および第4の非対称回折格子は、複数の液晶材料層を備え、前記回折格子のうちの1つのための前記複数の液晶材料層のうちの少なくとも2つは、異なる傾斜角度を有する、請求項15に記載の光学要素。
- 前記1つ以上の第1の非対称回折格子は、第1の円偏光掌性を備え、前記1つ以上の第2の非対称回折格子は、前記第1の円偏光掌性に直交する第2の円偏光掌性を備えている、請求項15に記載の光学要素。
- 前記1つ以上の第3の非対称回折格子は、第3の円偏光掌性を備え、前記1つ以上の第4の非対称回折格子は、前記第3の円偏光掌性に直交する第4の円偏光掌性を備えている、請求項15に記載の光学要素。
- 前記外部結合光学要素は、前記外部結合された画像光を2次元で分散する、請求項1に記載の光学要素。
- 請求項1に記載の光学要素を備えるディスプレイシステム。
- フレームをさらに備え、前記光学要素は、前記フレームに結合されている、請求項22に記載のディスプレイシステム。
- 前記ディスプレイシステムは、アイウェアを備える、請求項22に記載のディスプレイシステム。
- 前記ディスプレイシステムは、拡張現実デバイスを備える、請求項22に記載のディスプレイシステム。
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