JP7194368B2 - Co2、coおよび他の化学化合物の電気化学反応のための先進的構造を有するリアクタ - Google Patents
Co2、coおよび他の化学化合物の電気化学反応のための先進的構造を有するリアクタ Download PDFInfo
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Description
政府は、Opus 12,Incorporatedと、契約番号DE-AC02-05CH11231の下で米国エネルギー省のためにErnest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratoryを運営しているThe Regents of the University of Californiaとの間のユーザ合意書FP00003032に従い、本発明における権利を有する。
本出願は、引用により全体が本明細書に援用される2016年5月3日出願の米国仮出願第62/331,387号の利益を主張するものである。
本発明のさらに別の実施形態では、COx還元リアクタを操作する方法が提供される。この方法は、反応生成物の生成をもたらす。このプロセスは、電気化学リアクタを提供するステップであって、電気化学リアクタが、膜電極アセンブリを含む少なくとも1の電気化学セルと、カソード極板、少なくとも1のカソードガス拡散層、少なくとも1の入口および少なくとも1の出口を含み、カソードに隣接するカソード支持構造と、アノード極板、少なくとも1のアノードガス拡散層、少なくとも1の入口および少なくとも1の出口を含み、アノードに隣接するアノードセル支持構造とを備える、ステップと;カソード極板およびアノード極板に直流電圧を印加するステップと;1または複数の酸化反応物をアノードに供給し、酸化反応を起こさせるステップと;1または複数の還元反応物をカソードに供給し、還元反応を起こさせるステップと;アノードから酸化反応生成物を回収するステップと;カソードから還元反応生成物を回収するステップとを含むことができる。
水素および酸素を生成する水電解に使用される従来の膜電極アセンブリ(MEA)100を図1に示す。MEA100は、イオン伝導性ポリマー層160によって分離されたカソード120およびアノード140を備え、イオン伝導性ポリマー層が、イオンがカソード120とアノード140との間を移動するための経路を与えている。カソード120とアノード140はそれぞれ、イオン伝導性ポリマー、触媒粒子および電子伝導性触媒担体を含む。カソード120、アノード140およびイオン伝導性ポリマー層160中のイオン伝導性ポリマーは、すべてがカチオン伝導体であるか、またはすべてがアニオン伝導体である。
図6は、本発明の一実施形態に係るCOx還元リアクタ(CRR)605の主要な構成要素を示す概略図である。
2H2O---4H++4e-+O2
Claims (11)
- COx還元リアクタにおいて、
・膜電極アセンブリであって、
-還元触媒および第1のアニオン伝導性ポリマーを含むカソード層と、
-酸化触媒および第1のカチオン伝導性ポリマーを含むアノード層と、
-第2のカチオン伝導性ポリマーを含む膜層であって、カソード層とアノード層との間に配置され、カソード層とアノード層とを導電的に接続する膜層とを備える膜電極アセンブリと、
・カソード層に結合されたカソードマニホールドと、
・アノード層に結合されたアノードマニホールドとを備えることを特徴とするCOx還元リアクタ。 - 請求項1に記載のCOx還元リアクタにおいて、
カソードマニホールドが、カソード層に隣接するカソード支持構造を備え、カソード支持構造が、
・カソード極板と、
・カソード極板とカソード層との間に配置されたカソードガス拡散層と、
・カソードガス拡散層に流体接続された第1の入口と、
・カソードガス拡散層に流体接続された第1の出口とを備え、
アノードマニホールドが、アノード層に隣接するアノード支持構造を備え、アノード支持構造が、
・アノード極板と、
・アノード極板とアノード層との間に配置されたアノードガス拡散層と、
・アノードガス拡散層に流体接続された第2の入口と、
・アノードガス拡散層に流体接続された第2の出口とを備えることを特徴とするCOx還元リアクタ。 - 請求項1に記載のCOx還元リアクタにおいて、
膜電極アセンブリが、第2のアニオン伝導性ポリマーを含むカソード緩衝層をさらに備え、カソード緩衝層が、カソード層と膜層との間に配置され、カソード層と膜層とを導電的に接続することを特徴とするCOx還元リアクタ。 - 請求項1に記載のCOx還元リアクタにおいて、
第2のカチオン伝導性ポリマーがPFSAを含むことを特徴とするCOx還元リアクタ。 - 請求項3に記載のCO x 還元リアクタにおいて、
前記カソード緩衝層が多孔質であることを特徴とするCO x 還元リアクタ。 - 請求項5に記載のCO x 還元リアクタにおいて、
前記膜層は、カソード生成物が前記アノードに通過するのを防ぐために非多孔質であることを特徴とするCO x 還元リアクタ。 - 請求項1に記載のCO x 還元リアクタにおいて、
前記アニオン伝導性ポリマーは、競合する水素生成反応を減少させることを特徴とするCO x 還元リアクタ。 - 請求項1に記載のCO x 還元リアクタにおいて、
前記アニオン伝導性ポリマーは、前記カソード層の10~90重量%であることを特徴とするCO x 還元リアクタ。 - 請求項1に記載のCO x 還元リアクタにおいて、
前記アニオン伝導性ポリマーは、前記カソード層の20~80重量%であることを特徴とするCO x 還元リアクタ。 - 請求項1に記載のCO x 還元リアクタにおいて、
前記アニオン伝導性ポリマーは、前記カソード層の30~70重量%であることを特徴とするCO x 還元リアクタ。 - 請求項1に記載のCO x 還元リアクタにおいて、
前記カチオン伝導性ポリマーは、前記アノード層の5~95重量%であることを特徴とするCO x 還元リアクタ。
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