JP7188121B2 - Welding equipment - Google Patents

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JP7188121B2
JP7188121B2 JP2019008798A JP2019008798A JP7188121B2 JP 7188121 B2 JP7188121 B2 JP 7188121B2 JP 2019008798 A JP2019008798 A JP 2019008798A JP 2019008798 A JP2019008798 A JP 2019008798A JP 7188121 B2 JP7188121 B2 JP 7188121B2
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punch
joint
joining
bonding
metal plates
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JP2020116600A (en
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進之助 西島
豊 藥師神
直樹 武田
教昌 三浦
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

本発明は、複数の金属板の接合方法、接合装置及び接合構造に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a joining method, a joining apparatus, and a joining structure for a plurality of metal plates.

世界各国の燃費規制は年々厳しくなっており、自動車メーカー各社は、二酸化炭素排出量の規制に伴う燃費向上の要請に対し、組織的な対策の実施を迫られている。
燃費効率の改善には、エンジンや駆動系の改良の他に車体の軽量化が挙げられ、その軽量化の手段として構成部材に非鉄金属が採用されている。具体的には、高強度が要求される自動車のフレーム等には、高張力鋼板等の鉄系金属が用いられ、低強度でもよい天井や足回り等には、アルミニウム合金等の非鉄系金属が用いられる。そのため、これら異種金属板同士の接合が必要となる。 Fuel efficiency regulations around the world are becoming stricter year by year, and automobile manufacturers are being forced to implement organizational measures in response to the demand for improved fuel efficiency that accompanies the regulations on carbon dioxide emissions.
In addition to improving the engine and drive system, one of the ways to improve fuel efficiency is to reduce the weight of the vehicle body. Specifically, high-strength steel and other ferrous metals are used for automobile frames, etc., which require high strength, while non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum alloys, are used for ceilings and undercarriages, etc., which can be low-strength. Used. Therefore, it is necessary to join these dissimilar metal plates together.

重ね合わせた複数の金属板を接合する方法としては、特許文献１に記載のＳＰＲ（Ｓｅｌｆ－Ｐｉｅｒｃｉｎｇ Ｒｉｖｅｔ）や、特許文献２に記載のメカニカルクリンチ接合等、機械的な接合方法が挙げられる。ＳＰＲによる接合は、副資材としてリベットを金属板に打ち込んで接合させるため接合強度が高く、高強度が要求される部位に用いられる。メカニカルクリンチ接合は、金属板を塑性変形させて接合させるため副資材は必要ないが接合強度が低く、貼り合わせ等の部位に用いられる。 As a method for joining a plurality of overlapping metal plates, there are mechanical joining methods such as SPR (Self-Piercing Rivet) described in Patent Document 1 and mechanical clinch joining described in Patent Document 2. Joining by SPR has a high joining strength because it is joined by driving rivets into the metal plate as a secondary material, and is used in areas where high strength is required. Mechanical clinch joining is performed by plastically deforming metal plates to join them, so it does not require secondary materials, but its joining strength is low, so it is used for parts such as bonding.

特開２００２－１７４２１９号公報JP-A-2002-174219 特許第５２１３０２８号公報Japanese Patent No. 5213028

前述したように、メカニカルクリンチ接合は副資材を必要とせず、コスト面でＳＰＲより有利であるため利用の拡大が望まれるが、接合強度がＳＰＲよりも低い。そのため、かしめ接合の利用の拡大には接合強度の向上が必要である。 As described above, mechanical clinch joining does not require sub-materials and is more advantageous than SPR in terms of cost, so it is desired to expand its use, but the joining strength is lower than that of SPR. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the bonding strength in order to expand the use of caulking.

従って、本発明は、かしめ接合よりも高い接合強度で、かつ、副資材を用いないで複数の金属板を接合する方法を提供することを目的とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for joining a plurality of metal plates with a higher joining strength than caulking and without using secondary materials.

本発明は、複数の金属板を重ねて凹部を有するダイに配置し、前記凹部における前記複数の金属板をパンチで加圧して塑性変形を与えることにより側壁部及び底部を有する筒状の接合部を形成してメカニカルクリンチ接合する機械的接合工程と、前記機械的接合工程で形成された前記接合部の前記底部に超音波を付与することにより、該底部を冶金的接合する超音波接合工程と、を含む金属板の接合方法に関する。 In the present invention, a plurality of metal plates are stacked and placed in a die having a recess, and the plurality of metal plates in the recess are pressed by a punch to give plastic deformation, thereby forming a cylindrical joint having a side wall and a bottom. and an ultrasonic bonding step of metallurgically bonding the bottom portion of the joint formed in the mechanical bonding step by applying ultrasonic waves to the bottom portion of the joint formed in the mechanical bonding step. , and related to a method for joining metal plates.

また、本発明は、凹部を有するダイと、前記凹部に対向して配置されるパンチと、前記パンチを加工方向に進退させるシリンダと、前記パンチに超音波を付与する超音波発振機構と、前記シリンダの動作を制御する制御機構と、を備え、重ねられた複数の金属板を接合するための接合装置であって、前記ダイに配置された前記複数の金属板を、前記パンチで加圧して塑性変形を与えることにより側壁部及び底部を有する筒状の接合部を形成して、メカニカルクリンチ接合し、前記接合部の前記底部に前記パンチにより超音波を付与することにより、該底部を冶金的に接合し、前記制御機構は、前記シリンダの動作を制御することにより、前記パンチの加圧力を塑性変形時と超音波付与時とで異なる値に調節可能である接合装置に関する。 Further, the present invention provides a die having a recess, a punch arranged to face the recess, a cylinder for advancing and retracting the punch in a processing direction, an ultrasonic oscillation mechanism for applying ultrasonic waves to the punch, and the and a control mechanism for controlling the operation of a cylinder, and a bonding apparatus for bonding a plurality of stacked metal plates, wherein the plurality of metal plates arranged on the die are pressed by the punch. A cylindrical joint having sidewalls and a bottom is formed by applying plastic deformation, mechanical clinch joining is performed, and ultrasonic waves are applied to the bottom of the joint by the punch to metallurgically form the bottom. The control mechanism relates to a joining device capable of adjusting the pressure applied by the punch to different values during plastic deformation and during application of ultrasonic waves by controlling the operation of the cylinder.

前記接合装置における前記パンチの加圧面は、平坦であることが好ましい。 The pressing surface of the punch in the joining device is preferably flat.

また、本発明は、重ねられた複数の金属板の接合部を構成する接合構造であって、前記接合部は、側壁部及び底部を有する筒形状を備え、前記側壁部は、メカニカルクリンチ接合により機械的に接合されており、前記底部は、冶金的に接合されている接合構造に関する。 The present invention also provides a joint structure forming a joint portion of a plurality of stacked metal plates, wherein the joint portion has a cylindrical shape having a side wall portion and a bottom portion, and the side wall portion is formed by mechanical clinch joining. The bonded structure is mechanically bonded and said bottom portion is metallurgically bonded.

前記複数の金属板は、異なる種類の金属で構成されることが好ましい。 Preferably, the plurality of metal plates are made of different kinds of metals.

前記複数の金属板の素材は、鉄系金属及び非鉄系金属で構成されることが好ましい。 The materials of the plurality of metal plates are preferably composed of ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals.

本発明の接合方法によれば、複数の金属板をメカニカルクリンチ接合によって機械的に接合し、更に、超音波を付与することによって冶金的に接合することで、副資材を用いずにかしめ接合よりも接合強度を向上させることができる。 According to the joining method of the present invention, a plurality of metal plates are mechanically joined by mechanical clinch joining, and further metallurgically joined by applying ultrasonic waves, so that the metal plates are joined without using secondary materials, rather than by caulking. can also improve the bonding strength.

本発明の第１実施形態に係る接合方法の説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a joining method according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 第１実施形態の接合方法で接合された接合部の接合構造を説明するための模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a joint structure of a joint joined by the joining method of the first embodiment; 本発明の第２実施形態に係る接合方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the joining method which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施例１における機械的接合条件の説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of mechanical joining conditions in Example 1 of the present invention; 本発明の実施例１における超音波接合条件の説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of ultrasonic bonding conditions in Example 1 of the present invention; 実施例１における超音波接合前後の比較図である。4 is a comparison diagram before and after ultrasonic bonding in Example 1. FIG. 接合強度（せん断強度）の測定方法を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the measuring method of joint strength (shear strength). 超音波投入エネルギー量と接合強度との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the ultrasonic input energy amount and the bonding strength. 異種金属板を超音波接合した接合部の断面写真である。1 is a cross-sectional photograph of a joint where dissimilar metal plates are ultrasonically welded.

以下、本発明の金属板の接合方法、接合装置及び接合構造の好ましい実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of a method for joining metal plates, a joining apparatus, and a joining structure according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

＜第１実施形態＞
図１及び図２を参照して、本発明の第１実施形態に係る接合方法について詳細に説明する。図１は、第１実施形態に係る接合方法の各工程を説明するための図である。第１実施形態の接合方法は、機械的接合工程と、超音波接合工程と、を備える。 <First embodiment>
A joining method according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining each step of the bonding method according to the first embodiment. The bonding method of the first embodiment includes a mechanical bonding process and an ultrasonic bonding process.

機械的接合工程においては、図１（ａ）に示すように、金属板１０１及び金属板１０２を、凹部を有するダイ２０の上に重ねた状態で配置して押え板３０で押さえ、パンチ１０で加圧する。このようにして、金属板１０１及び金属板１０２を塑性変形させてインターロックを形成してメカニカルクリンチ接合を行い、金属板同士を機械的に接合する。
複数の金属板（１０１、１０２）としては、同種金属でも異種金属でもよいが、自動車の製造で本発明の接合方法が用いられる場合には、一例として鉄系金属である高張力鋼板及び非鉄系金属であるアルミニウム系の金属板等の異種金属が用いられる。
尚、ここで、メカニカルクリンチ接合とは、図１（ａ）に示すように、パンチ１０により加圧されて筒形状に変形した接合部１１０における側壁部１１１に形成される接合形態をいい、上側に配置された金属板１０１の側壁部１１１が、底部１１２側において径方向外側に膨らむような形状となることで、金属板１０１と金属板１０２とが係合（インターロック）した接合形態をいう。 In the mechanical joining step, as shown in FIG. 1A, the metal plate 101 and the metal plate 102 are placed on top of a die 20 having a concave portion, are pressed by a pressing plate 30, and are pressed by a punch 10. pressurize. In this manner, the metal plates 101 and 102 are plastically deformed to form an interlock, perform mechanical clinch joining, and mechanically join the metal plates together.
The plurality of metal plates (101, 102) may be of the same kind or dissimilar metals. A dissimilar metal such as an aluminum-based metal plate is used.
Here, the mechanical clinch joint refers to a joint form formed on the side wall portion 111 of the joint portion 110 deformed into a cylindrical shape by being pressurized by the punch 10, as shown in FIG. 1(a). The side wall portion 111 of the metal plate 101 placed in the bottom portion 112 side bulges outward in the radial direction. .

図２に、接合部１１０の接合構造を示す。接合部１１０は、側壁部１１１及び底部１１２を有する筒形状に形成される。側壁部１１１において前述のインターロックが形成される。底部１１２は、接合部が形成される際に金属板１０１及び金属板１０２の元の板厚よりも薄肉となるので、後の超音波接合工程において超音波振動が接合界面に伝達しやすくなる。よって、超音波接合には適さない厚みを有する金属板同士の接合であっても、本発明の接合方法を適用すれば、超音波接合が可能となる。 FIG. 2 shows the joint structure of the joint 110 . The joint portion 110 is formed in a cylindrical shape having a side wall portion 111 and a bottom portion 112 . The aforementioned interlock is formed in the side wall portion 111 . Since the bottom portion 112 becomes thinner than the original plate thickness of the metal plates 101 and 102 when the joint portion is formed, ultrasonic vibrations are easily transmitted to the joint interface in the subsequent ultrasonic joining process. Therefore, even metal plates having a thickness unsuitable for ultrasonic bonding can be ultrasonically bonded by applying the bonding method of the present invention.

超音波接合工程においては、図１（ｂ）に示すように、金属板１０１及び金属板１０２に形成された接合部１１０の底部１１２を受け冶具であるアンビル５０Ａに配置し、ホーン４０Ａを介して接合部１１０の底部１１２に超音波を付与する（図２参照）。超音波振動により金属板１０１及び金属板１０２の接合界面の酸化被膜や汚れが取り除かれて冶金的に接合する。ホーン４０Ａの加圧面及びアンビル５０Ａの受け面は、超音波付与時に底部１１２（被加工材料）を保持するため、突起が全面に形成される。尚、ホーン４０Ａは、図示しない超音波発振機構により超音波振動可能である。 In the ultrasonic bonding process, as shown in FIG. 1(b), the bottom 112 of the joint 110 formed in the metal plate 101 and the metal plate 102 is placed on the anvil 50A, which is a receiving jig, and the horn 40A is used. Ultrasonic waves are applied to the bottom portion 112 of the joint portion 110 (see FIG. 2). The ultrasonic vibration removes the oxide film and dirt on the joint interface between the metal plates 101 and 102, and metallurgically joins them. The pressurizing surface of the horn 40A and the receiving surface of the anvil 50A are formed with projections over the entire surface in order to hold the bottom portion 112 (workpiece material) when ultrasonic waves are applied. The horn 40A can be ultrasonically vibrated by an ultrasonic oscillation mechanism (not shown).

このように、本実施形態の接合方法によれば、接合部１１０の接合構造は、側壁部１１１においてメカニカルクリンチ接合による機械的接合と、底部１１２において超音波付与による冶金的接合とを備えるので、機械的接合及び超音波接合のいずれか一方のみによる接合部と比べて、高い接合強度を備える。
尚、本実施形態では、複数の金属板として２枚の金属板を用いる例を示したが３枚以上の金属板を接合するように構成してもよい。 As described above, according to the bonding method of the present embodiment, the bonding structure of the bonding portion 110 includes mechanical bonding by mechanical clinch bonding in the side wall portion 111 and metallurgical bonding by applying ultrasonic waves in the bottom portion 112. It has a higher joint strength than a joint made by only one of mechanical joint and ultrasonic joint.
In this embodiment, two metal plates are used as the plurality of metal plates, but three or more metal plates may be joined.

以上説明した第１実施形態の接合方法及び接合構造によれば、以下のような効果を奏する。 According to the joining method and joining structure of the first embodiment described above, the following effects are obtained.

（１）本発明の接合方法を、複数の金属板１０１、１０２を重ねて凹部を有するダイ２０に配置し、凹部における複数の金属板１０１、１０２をパンチ１０で加圧して塑性変形を与えることにより側壁部１１１及び底部１１２を有する接合部１１０を形成してメカニカルクリンチ接合する機械的接合工程と、機械的接合工程において形成された接合部１１０の底部１１２に超音波を付与することにより、該底部１１２を冶金的接合する超音波接合工程と、を含むものとした。これにより、接合部１１０は、側壁部１１１において機械的に接合されているだけでなく、底部１１２において冶金的に接合されているので接合強度を向上させることができる。また、超音波接合には適さない厚みを有する金属板同士の接合であっても、機械的接合工程において接合部１１０における底部１１２の厚みが薄くなるので、本発明の接合方法を適用すれば、超音波接合が可能となる。 (1) In the joining method of the present invention, a plurality of metal plates 101 and 102 are stacked and arranged in a die 20 having a recess, and the plurality of metal plates 101 and 102 in the recess are pressed by a punch 10 to give plastic deformation. By forming a joint 110 having a side wall portion 111 and a bottom portion 112 and mechanically clinch-joining the joint portion 110 by applying ultrasonic waves to the bottom portion 112 of the joint portion 110 formed in the mechanical joining step, the and an ultrasonic bonding process for metallurgically bonding the bottom portion 112 . Accordingly, the joint portion 110 is not only mechanically joined at the side wall portion 111 but also metallurgically joined at the bottom portion 112, so that the joint strength can be improved. In addition, even when metal plates having a thickness not suitable for ultrasonic bonding are bonded together, the thickness of the bottom portion 112 of the bonding portion 110 is reduced in the mechanical bonding process. Ultrasonic bonding becomes possible.

（２）重ねられた複数の金属板１０１、１０２の接合部１１０を構成する接合構造を、接合部１１０は、側壁部１１１及び底部１１２を有する筒形状を備え、側壁部１１１は、メカニカルクリンチ接合により機械的に接合されており、底部１１２は、冶金的に接合されているものとした。これにより、本発明の接合部１１０の接合構造は、機械的接合だけでなく冶金的接合も備えるので接合強度を向上させることができる。 (2) A joint structure that constitutes a joint portion 110 of a plurality of stacked metal plates 101 and 102. The joint portion 110 has a cylindrical shape having a side wall portion 111 and a bottom portion 112, and the side wall portion 111 is a mechanical clinch joint. , and the bottom 112 is assumed to be metallurgically bonded. Accordingly, the joint structure of the joint portion 110 of the present invention includes not only mechanical joint but also metallurgical joint, so that joint strength can be improved.

＜第２実施形態＞
次に図３を参照して第２実施形態について説明する。
図３は、第２実施形態に係る接合方法の各工程を説明するための図である。 <Second embodiment>
Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining each step of the bonding method according to the second embodiment.

図３（ａ）に示すように、接合装置１は、パンチ１０、ダイ２０、押え板３０、パンチ１０を加工方法に進退させるシリンダ６０及び超音波発振機構としての超音波発振器７０を備える。パンチ１０は、超音波発振器７０と接続されて超音波振動可能に構成されている。
第２実施形態では、まず、金属板１０１及び金属板１０２を、凹部を有するダイ２０の上に重ねた状態で配置して押え板３０で押さえる。 As shown in FIG. 3A, the bonding apparatus 1 includes a punch 10, a die 20, a pressing plate 30, a cylinder 60 for moving the punch 10 forward and backward, and an ultrasonic oscillator 70 as an ultrasonic oscillation mechanism. The punch 10 is connected to an ultrasonic oscillator 70 and configured to be capable of ultrasonic vibration.
In the second embodiment, first, the metal plate 101 and the metal plate 102 are placed on top of the die 20 having a recess and are pressed by the pressing plate 30 .

機械的接合工程においては、図３（ｂ）に示すように、シリンダ６０を前進させてパンチ１０で金属板１０１及び金属板１０２を加圧して塑性変形させてインターロックを形成してメカニカルクリンチ接合を行い、金属板同士を機械的に接合する。これにより、図２に示した接合部１１０と同様に接合構造を得る。 In the mechanical joining step, as shown in FIG. 3(b), the cylinder 60 is advanced to pressurize the metal plates 101 and 102 with the punch 10 to plastically deform them to form an interlock, thereby performing mechanical clinch joining. to mechanically join the metal plates together. Thereby, a joint structure similar to that of the joint 110 shown in FIG. 2 is obtained.

図３（ｃ）に示すように、第２実施形態では、超音波を金属板に付与するためのホーン４０Ｂとしてパンチ１０を用い、超音波付与時の受け冶具であるアンビル５０Ｂとしてダイ２０を用いる。超音波接合工程においては、図３（ｂ）に示すように、金属板１０１及び金属板１０２に形成された接合部１１０の底部１１２をアンビル５０Ｂとしてのダイ２０に配置し、ホーン４０Ｂとしてのパンチ１０を介して接合部１１０の底部１１２に超音波を付与して（図２参照）、冶金的に接合する。このように、パンチ１０を超音波振動可能な構成とすることにより、機械的接合工程に続いて連続的に超音波接合工程を行うことができ、生産性を向上させることができる。
尚、超音波を付与する際には、不図示の制御機構によりパンチ１０の接合部１１０に対する加圧力を小さくするようにシリンダ６０を制御する。これは、機械的接合工程におけるパンチ１０の加圧力のまま超音波接合を行うと、パンチ１０及びダイ２０による金属板１０１及び金属板１０２の保持力が強すぎて超音波振動が金属板の界面に伝わらないためである。超音波付与時にパンチ１０の加圧力を小さくすることで、適切な加圧力で超音波接合が可能となる。 As shown in FIG. 3C, in the second embodiment, a punch 10 is used as a horn 40B for applying ultrasonic waves to a metal plate, and a die 20 is used as an anvil 50B which is a receiving jig for applying ultrasonic waves. . In the ultrasonic bonding process, as shown in FIG. 3B, the bottom 112 of the joint 110 formed in the metal plate 101 and the metal plate 102 is placed on the die 20 as the anvil 50B, and the punch as the horn 40B is placed. Ultrasonic waves are applied to the bottom 112 of the joint 110 via 10 (see FIG. 2) to metallurgically join. In this way, by configuring the punch 10 so as to allow ultrasonic vibration, the ultrasonic bonding process can be continuously performed following the mechanical bonding process, and productivity can be improved.
When applying ultrasonic waves, the cylinder 60 is controlled by a control mechanism (not shown) so that the pressure applied to the joint portion 110 by the punch 10 is reduced. This is because if ultrasonic bonding is performed with the pressure applied by the punch 10 in the mechanical bonding process, the holding force of the metal plate 101 and the metal plate 102 by the punch 10 and the die 20 is too strong, and the ultrasonic vibration is generated at the interface between the metal plates. This is because it is not transmitted to By reducing the pressing force of the punch 10 when applying ultrasonic waves, ultrasonic bonding can be performed with an appropriate pressing force.

以上説明した第２実施形態の接合方法、接合装置及び接合構造によれば、上述の効果（１）及び（２）に加えて、以下のような効果を奏する。 According to the joining method, the joining apparatus, and the joining structure of the second embodiment described above, in addition to the above effects (1) and (2), the following effects are obtained.

（３）本発明の重ねられた複数の金属板１０１、１０２を接合するための接合装置を、凹部を有するダイ２０と、凹部に対向して配置されるパンチ１０と、パンチ１０を加工方向に進退させるシリンダ６０と、パンチ１０に超音波を付与する超音波発振器７０と、シリンダ６０の進退を制御する制御機構と、を備えるものとし、ダイ２０に配置された複数の金属板１０１、１０２を、パンチ１０で加圧して塑性変形を与えることにより側壁部及び底部を有する筒状の接合部を形成して、メカニカルクリンチ接合し、接合部１１０の底部１１２にパンチ１０（４０Ｂ）により超音波を付与することにより、底部１１２を冶金的に接合し、制御機構は、シリンダ６０の動作を制御することにより、パンチ１０（４０Ｂ）の加圧力を塑性変形時と超音波付与時とで異なる値に調節可能であるものとした。これにより、機械的接合工程から連続的に超音波接合工程を行うことができるので、生産性を向上させることができる。 (3) The bonding apparatus for bonding a plurality of stacked metal plates 101 and 102 according to the present invention consists of a die 20 having a recess, a punch 10 arranged to face the recess, and the punch 10 in the processing direction. A cylinder 60 for advancing and retreating, an ultrasonic oscillator 70 for applying ultrasonic waves to the punch 10, and a control mechanism for controlling the advancing and retreating of the cylinder 60 are provided. , a cylindrical joint portion having a side wall portion and a bottom portion is formed by applying pressure with the punch 10 to give plastic deformation, mechanical clinch joining is performed, and ultrasonic waves are applied to the bottom portion 112 of the joint portion 110 by the punch 10 (40B). By applying the pressure, the bottom portion 112 is metallurgically joined, and the control mechanism controls the operation of the cylinder 60 to set the pressure of the punch 10 (40B) to different values during plastic deformation and during the application of ultrasonic waves. It should be adjustable. As a result, the ultrasonic bonding process can be performed continuously from the mechanical bonding process, so productivity can be improved.

（４）パンチ１０（４０Ｂ）の加圧面は、平坦であるものとした。これにより、超音波振動を付与するためのホーン４０Ｂとして用いられるパンチ１０が摩耗したとしても、突起が設けられた一般的なホーンの加圧面に比べて、メンテナンスが容易である。 (4) The pressing surface of the punch 10 (40B) is flat. As a result, even if the punch 10 used as the horn 40B for applying ultrasonic vibrations wears out, maintenance is easier compared to the pressurizing surface of a general horn having projections.

以下に、図４～図９を参照して、本発明の接合方法で２枚の金属板を接合した実施例、従来の接合方法で接合した比較例及び参考例について説明する。 An example in which two metal plates are joined by the joining method of the present invention, and a comparative example and a reference example in which two metal plates are joined by a conventional joining method will be described below with reference to FIGS.

（実施例１）
本発明の第１実施形態で説明した接合方法で２枚の同種の金属板を接合したものを実施例１とし、また、機械的接合工程のみを行い２枚の同種の金属板をかしめ接合したものを比較例２とした。金属板１０１及び金属板１０２として表１に示す供試材を用いた。表１は、供試材の寸法と機械的性質を示し、表２は供試材の化学成分（質量％）を示す。 (Example 1)
Example 1 was obtained by joining two metal plates of the same type by the joining method described in the first embodiment of the present invention, and only the mechanical joining step was performed to caulk-join the two metal plates of the same type. Comparative Example 2 was obtained. The test materials shown in Table 1 were used as the metal plate 101 and the metal plate 102 . Table 1 shows the dimensions and mechanical properties of the test material, and Table 2 shows the chemical composition (% by mass) of the test material.

Figure 0007188121000001
Figure 0007188121000001

Figure 0007188121000002
Figure 0007188121000002

図４に示すように、直径４．５ｍｍの円柱形状を有し、加圧面側の角部の曲率半径が０．２ｍｍのパンチ１０と、凹部の底部までの深さＪｍが１．３ｍｍ及び凹部の底部の直径が７．０ｍｍのダイ２０を用いて、機械的接合工程を行った。ダイ２０の凹部における底部と側壁部との間には、底部よりも一段下がった段差が形成されている。パンチ１０の加圧荷重は４５ｋＮで、接合部１１０の底部１１２の残存板厚ＳＴが１．１ｍｍになるまで、パンチ１０を押し込んだ。このようにして、機械的接合工程によってかしめ接合のみを行ったものを比較例１とした。 As shown in FIG. 4, a punch 10 having a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 4.5 mm and a curvature radius of 0.2 mm at the corners on the pressure surface side, and a depth Jm to the bottom of the recess of 1.3 mm and a recess The mechanical bonding process was performed using a die 20 with a bottom diameter of 7.0 mm. A step lower than the bottom is formed between the bottom and the sidewall of the recess of the die 20 . The pressure load of the punch 10 was 45 kN, and the punch 10 was pushed in until the remaining plate thickness ST of the bottom portion 112 of the joint portion 110 reached 1.1 mm. In this way, Comparative Example 1 was obtained by performing only caulking by the mechanical joining process.

続いて図５（ａ）に示すように、直径３．２ｍｍの円柱形状を有し、図５（ｂ）に示す加圧面を有するホーン４０Ａと、図５（ｃ）に示す加圧面を有するアンビル５０Ｂとを有し、不図示の超音波発振機構を備える超音波接合装置（日本エマソン株式会社製）を用いて、機械的接合により形成された接合部１１０の底部１１２に対して表３に示す条件で超音波振動を付与して冶金的に接合し、実施例１とした。 Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 5(a), a horn 40A having a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 3.2 mm and having a pressure surface shown in FIG. 5(b) and an anvil having a pressure surface shown in FIG. 5(c) 50B and is formed by mechanical bonding using an ultrasonic bonding apparatus (manufactured by Emerson Japan Co., Ltd.) equipped with an ultrasonic oscillation mechanism (not shown). Example 1 was obtained by metallurgically bonding by applying ultrasonic vibration under the conditions.

Figure 0007188121000003
Figure 0007188121000003

図６（ａ）に、比較例１における接合部の断面写真を示し、図６（ｂ）に実施例１における接合部の断面写真を示した。比較例１は、接合界面がはっきりと見て取れるのに対し、実施例１では、接合界面があいまいとなっているのが分かる。このように、実施例１では、接合界面が冶金的に接合されていることが分かった。 FIG. 6(a) shows a cross-sectional photograph of the joint in Comparative Example 1, and FIG. 6(b) shows a cross-sectional photograph of the joint in Example 1. As shown in FIG. In Comparative Example 1, the bonded interface is clearly visible, whereas in Example 1, the bonded interface is vague. Thus, in Example 1, it was found that the bonding interface was metallurgically bonded.

実施例１において、超音波の投入エネルギー量を変えて超音波接合を行い、それらのせん断方向についての接合強度（せん断強度）を図７に示す引張試験により測定した。引張試験は、株式会社島津製作所のオートグラフを用いて、引張速度１０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで行った。その結果を図８のグラフに示す。図８のグラフには、比較のため比較例１について測定したせん断強度を点線で表示した。
図８に示すように、かしめ接合のみ行った比較例１の接合強度が３ｋＮ程度であるのに対して、超音波接合も行った実施例１では接合強度が４ｋＮ程度となり、３割程度、接合強度が向上していることが分かった。 In Example 1, ultrasonic bonding was performed by changing the input energy amount of ultrasonic waves, and the bonding strength (shear strength) in the shearing direction was measured by the tensile test shown in FIG. The tensile test was performed using an autograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation at a tensile speed of 10 mm/min. The results are shown in the graph of FIG. In the graph of FIG. 8, the shear strength measured for Comparative Example 1 is indicated by a dotted line for comparison.
As shown in FIG. 8, while the bonding strength of Comparative Example 1 in which only crimping was performed was about 3 kN, the bonding strength in Example 1 in which ultrasonic bonding was also performed was about 4 kN, which is about 30% of the bonding strength. It was found that the strength was improved.

（参考例）
次に参考例として、異種金属間において超音波接合が可能か否かを確認する実験を行った。異種金属として表４に示す供試材を用いた。表４は供試材の板厚と機械的特性を示し、表５は供試材の化学成分を示す。 (Reference example)
Next, as a reference example, an experiment was conducted to confirm whether or not ultrasonic bonding is possible between dissimilar metals. The test materials shown in Table 4 were used as dissimilar metals. Table 4 shows the plate thickness and mechanical properties of the test material, and Table 5 shows the chemical composition of the test material.

Figure 0007188121000004
Figure 0007188121000004

Figure 0007188121000005
Figure 0007188121000005

日本エマソン株式会社製の超音波接合装置用いて、超音波の投入エネルギーを変えて、異種金属板について超音波接合を行い参考例とした。超音波接合装置のホーンは、図５（ａ）で示した加圧面の形状と同様の形状を有し、５ｍｍ×１０ｍｍの加圧面を有する。また、超音波接合装置のアンビルは、図５（ｂ）で示した受け面の形状と同様の受け面を有し、１２ｍｍ×１２ｍｍの受け面を有する。 Using an ultrasonic bonding apparatus manufactured by Emerson Japan Co., Ltd., ultrasonic bonding was performed on dissimilar metal plates by changing the input energy of ultrasonic waves, and this was used as a reference example. The horn of the ultrasonic bonding apparatus has a shape similar to the shape of the pressure surface shown in FIG. 5(a), and has a pressure surface of 5 mm×10 mm. Moreover, the anvil of the ultrasonic bonding apparatus has a receiving surface having the same shape as the receiving surface shown in FIG.

参考例の超音波接合部における断面写真を図９に示す。
図９の高倍率の断面写真によれば、Ａｌ合金板とめっき鋼板の接合界面は、冶金的に接合していることが確認された。 FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional photograph of the ultrasonically bonded part of the reference example.
According to the high-magnification cross-sectional photograph of FIG. 9, it was confirmed that the joint interface between the Al alloy plate and the plated steel plate was metallurgically joined.

以上、本発明の金属板の接合方法、接合装置及び接合構造の各実施形態及び実施例について説明したが、本発明は、上述した各実施形態及び実施例に制限されるものではなく、適宜変更が可能である。 Although the embodiments and examples of the metal plate joining method, joining apparatus, and joining structure of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and can be modified as appropriate. is possible.

１０ パンチ
２０ ダイ
３０ 押え板
４０Ａ、４０Ｂ ホーン
５０Ａ、５０Ｂ アンビル
６０ シリンダ
７０ 超音波発振器
１０１、１０２ 金属板
１１０ 接合部
１１１ 側壁部
１１２ 底部 10 punch 20 die
30 holding plate 40A, 40B horn 50A, 50B anvil 60 cylinder 70 ultrasonic oscillator 101, 102 metal plate 110 junction 111 side wall 112 bottom

Claims (2)

凹部を有するダイと、
前記凹部に対向して配置されるパンチと、
前記パンチを加工方向に進退させるシリンダと、
前記パンチに超音波を付与する超音波発振機構と、
前記シリンダの動作を制御する制御機構と、を備え、重ねられた複数の金属板を接合する接合装置であって、
前記ダイに配置された前記複数の金属板を、前記パンチで加圧して塑性変形を与えることにより側壁部及び底部を有する筒状の接合部を形成して、メカニカルクリンチ接合し、
前記接合部の前記底部に前記パンチにより超音波を付与することにより、該底部を冶金的に接合し、
前記制御機構は、前記シリンダの動作を制御することにより、前記パンチの加圧力を塑性変形時と超音波付与時とで異なる値に調節可能である接合装置。 a die having a recess;
a punch arranged to face the recess;
a cylinder for advancing and retracting the punch in a processing direction;
an ultrasonic oscillation mechanism for applying ultrasonic waves to the punch;
and a control mechanism for controlling the operation of the cylinder, and a bonding device for bonding a plurality of stacked metal plates,
The plurality of metal plates arranged in the die are pressurized by the punch to give plastic deformation to form a cylindrical joint having a side wall and a bottom, and mechanical clinch joint is performed;
metallurgically joining the bottom of the joint by applying ultrasonic waves to the bottom of the joint by the punch;
The welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control mechanism controls the operation of the cylinder to adjust the pressure applied by the punch to different values during plastic deformation and during application of ultrasonic waves. 前記パンチの加圧面は、平坦である請求項１に記載の接合装置。 The joining apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the pressing surface of said punch is flat.
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