JP7092058B2 - 高圧タンクおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
高圧タンクおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7092058B2 JP7092058B2 JP2019015669A JP2019015669A JP7092058B2 JP 7092058 B2 JP7092058 B2 JP 7092058B2 JP 2019015669 A JP2019015669 A JP 2019015669A JP 2019015669 A JP2019015669 A JP 2019015669A JP 7092058 B2 JP7092058 B2 JP 7092058B2
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- pressure tank
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/32—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J12/00—Pressure vessels in general
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
- B29C70/228—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure the structure being stacked in parallel layers with fibres of adjacent layers crossing at substantial angles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
- B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
- B29C53/60—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels
- B29C53/602—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels for tubular articles having closed or nearly closed ends, e.g. vessels, tanks, containers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
- F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
- F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
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- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03032—Manufacturing of fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03046—Manufacturing of fuel tanks made from more than one layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03309—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels
- B60K2015/03315—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels for hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
この形態の高圧タンクによれば、高角度層とヘリカル層群との間の巻き角度の差を、より小さくすることができる。そのため、高角度層とヘリカル層群との間に発生する剪断応力を抑え、高圧タンクの耐久性を高めることができる。また、ヘリカル層群において、隣り合う層間の巻き角度の差を適切に確保することが容易になるため、ヘリカル層群において繊維の巻き崩れを抑え、繊維の巻き崩れに起因する高圧タンクの強度および耐久性の低下を抑えることが容易になる。その結果、高圧タンクのタンク性能を向上させることができる。
(2)上記形態の高圧タンクにおいて、前記ヘリカル層群内で隣り合って配置される前記ヘリカル層の前記巻き角度が、互いに異なっていることとしてもよい。この形態の高圧タンクによれば、ヘリカル層群において繊維の巻き崩れを抑え、繊維の巻き崩れに起因する高圧タンクの強度および耐久性の低下を抑える効果を高めることができる。
(3)上記形態の高圧タンクにおいて、前記最内層は前記第1ヘリカル層であり、前記最外層は、前記第2ヘリカル層であることとしてもよい。この形態の高圧タンクによれば、補強層で生じる応力を抑え、高圧タンクの耐久性を向上する効果を高めることができる。
(4)上記形態の高圧タンクにおいて、前記ヘリカル層群を構成する前記ヘリカル層は、隣り合う前記ヘリカル層間の前記巻き角度の差の集合を母集団とした場合の標準偏差が最小となる順序で、積層されていることとしてもよい。この形態の高圧タンクによれば、ヘリカル層群において、隣り合うヘリカル層間の巻き角度の差のばらつきを抑えることにより、ヘリカル層群を構成する各層の物性をより均一にして、ヘリカル層群内における応力の発生を抑えることができる。
本発明は、上記以外の種々の形態で実現することも可能である。例えば、高圧タンクの製造方法等の形態で実現することができる。
(A-1)高圧タンクの全体構成:
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態としての高圧タンク100の断面模式図である。高圧タンク100は、高圧の流体を貯蔵するタンクである。本実施形態では、高圧タンク100は、流体として圧縮水素を貯蔵し、例えば、水素タンク搭載装置である燃料電池車両に搭載される。高圧タンク100は、ライナ10と、補強層70と、口金21,22と、を備える。なお、図1および後述する各図は、本発明に係る高圧タンク100の各部の様子を模式的に示しているため、図に示された各部のサイズは、具体的なサイズを表わすものではない。
ヘリカル層群71は、既述したように、繊維がヘリカル巻きされた低角度ヘリカル層が積層されることによって構成されている。そして、ヘリカル層群71は、図2に示すように、ライナ10の最も近くに配置され、ヘリカル層群71を構成するヘリカル層のうちで繊維の巻き角度が最も大きい層(以下、第1ヘリカル層とも呼ぶ)と、繊維の巻き角度が2番目に大きい層(以下、第2ヘリカル層とも呼ぶ)とのうちの一方である最内層71aを備える。また、ヘリカル層群71は、高圧タンク100の外表面の最も近くに配置され、上記した第1ヘリカル層と第2ヘリカル層とのうちの他方である最外層71bを備える。さらに、ヘリカル層群71は、上記最内層71aと最外層71bとの間に配置され、上記最内層71aおよび最外層71bよりも繊維の巻き角度が小さいヘリカル層を含む中間層71cを備える。以下では、具体例を挙げてさらに詳しく説明する。
図5は、高圧タンク100の製造方法の概要を表わす工程図である。高圧タンク100を製造する際には、まず、ライナ10を用意する(ステップS100)。このステップS100は、既述したように、口金21,22を一体化するインサート成形の工程や、複数のライナ部材の接合の工程を含む。そして、用意したライナ10上に、樹脂含浸繊維を巻回して樹脂含浸繊維層(硬化前の補強層70)を形成する(ステップS110)。このステップS110では、図2に示すように、ライナ10側から高角度層(第1フープ層73)、ヘリカル層群71の順で積層された補強層70を形成する。その後、樹脂含浸繊維層中の樹脂を硬化させて(ステップS120)、高圧タンク100を完成する。樹脂の硬化は、例えば、加熱炉を用いた加熱や、高周波誘導加熱を誘起する誘導加熱コイルを用いた誘導加熱手法により行なうことができる。
図7は、第2実施形態の高圧タンク100が備えるヘリカル層群71の構成の一例を、図4と同様に示す説明図である。第2実施形態の高圧タンク100は、第1実施形態の高圧タンク100と同様の構造を有しており、ヘリカル層群71の構成のみが異なっている。図7では、図4に示すヘリカル層群71と同様の11層の低角度ヘリカル層を備える例を示す。第2実施形態では、ヘリカル層群71を構成するヘリカル層は、隣り合うヘリカル層間の巻き角度の差の集合を母集団とした場合の標準偏差が、より小さくなる順序、具体的には最小となる順序で、積層されている。例えば、図7に示す例では、上記標準偏差は、1.6となる。これに対して、図4に示す例では、上記標準偏差は、約2.154となる。
図8は、第3実施形態の高圧タンク100が備えるヘリカル層群71の構成の一例を、図4と同様に示す説明図である。第3実施形態の高圧タンク100は、第1実施形態の高圧タンク100と同様の構造を有しており、ヘリカル層群71の構成のみが異なっている。図8では、最内層71aの巻き角度のみが図7の第2実施形態とは異なるヘリカル層群71の例を示す。第3実施形態のヘリカル層群71では、最内層71aが、巻き角度が最も大きな第1ヘリカル層となっている。
(D1)上記各実施形態では、図4、図7、図8に示すように、ヘリカル層群71内において隣り合うヘリカル層の巻き角度が、互いに異なっていることとしたが、同じ巻き角度を有するヘリカル層が連続して配置される箇所が存在していてもよい。このような場合であっても、高角度層に隣接する最内層71aと、最外層71bとを、最も巻き角度が大きい層、あるいは2番目に巻き角度が大きい層とすることで、既述した効果が得られる。すなわち、ライナ10側の高角度層との間の巻き角度の差を抑えると共に、隣り合う層間の巻き角度の差を適切に確保することが、ヘリカル層群全体として、より容易になる。
Claims (5)
- 高圧タンクであって、
流体を収容するための内部空間が形成されたライナと、
前記ライナの外表面を覆うように設けられ、前記ライナ上で巻回される繊維と、樹脂と、を有する補強層と、
を備え、
前記補強層は、
前記繊維がヘリカル巻きされたヘリカル層が積層されたヘリカル層群と、
前記ライナに近い側で前記ヘリカル層群に隣接して設けられ、前記ヘリカル層群を構成するいずれの前記ヘリカル層よりも、前記高圧タンクの軸線方向に対する前記繊維の巻き角度が大きな高角度層と、
を備え、
前記ヘリカル層群は、
前記ライナの最も近くに配置され、前記ヘリカル層群を構成する前記ヘリカル層のうちで最も前記巻き角度が大きい第1ヘリカル層と、2番目に前記巻き角度が大きい第2ヘリカル層と、のうちの一方である最内層と、
前記高圧タンクの外表面の最も近くに配置され、前記第1ヘリカル層と前記第2ヘリカル層とのうちの他方である最外層と、
前記最内層と前記最外層との間に配置され、前記最内層および前記最外層よりも前記巻き角度が小さいヘリカル層を含む中間層と、
を備える高圧タンク。 - 請求項1に記載の高圧タンクであって、
前記ヘリカル層群内で隣り合って配置される前記ヘリカル層の前記巻き角度が、互いに異なっている
高圧タンク。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の高圧タンクであって、
前記最内層は前記第1ヘリカル層であり、前記最外層は、前記第2ヘリカル層である
高圧タンク。 - 請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載の高圧タンクであって、
前記ヘリカル層群を構成する前記ヘリカル層は、隣り合う前記ヘリカル層間の前記巻き角度の差の集合を母集団とした場合の標準偏差が最小となる順序で、積層されている
高圧タンク。 - 高圧タンクの製造方法であって、
流体を収容するための内部空間が形成されたライナを用意し、
前記ライナの外表面を覆うように、前記ライナ上で巻回される繊維と樹脂とを有する補強層を形成し、
前記補強層を形成する際には、
前記繊維がヘリカル巻きされたヘリカル層が積層されたヘリカル層群と、
前記ライナに近い側で前記ヘリカル層群に隣接して設けられ、前記ヘリカル層群を構成するいずれの前記ヘリカル層よりも、前記高圧タンクの軸線方向に対する前記繊維の巻き角度が大きな高角度層と、を形成し、
前記ヘリカル層群を形成する際には、
前記ライナの最も近くにおいて、前記ヘリカル層群を構成する前記ヘリカル層のうちで最も前記巻き角度が大きい第1ヘリカル層と、2番目に前記巻き角度が大きい第2ヘリカル層と、のうちの一方である最内層を配置し、
前記高圧タンクの外表面の最も近くにおいて、前記第1ヘリカル層と前記第2ヘリカル層とのうちの他方である最外層を配置し、
前記最内層と前記最外層との間において、前記最内層および前記最外層よりも前記巻き角度が小さいヘリカル層を含む中間層を配置する
高圧タンクの製造方法。
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