JP7054512B2 - Crusher - Google Patents

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JP7054512B2
JP7054512B2 JP2018003424A JP2018003424A JP7054512B2 JP 7054512 B2 JP7054512 B2 JP 7054512B2 JP 2018003424 A JP2018003424 A JP 2018003424A JP 2018003424 A JP2018003424 A JP 2018003424A JP 7054512 B2 JP7054512 B2 JP 7054512B2
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crushing
crushed
crushing chamber
tooth
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孝輝 廣島
智宏 橘川
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株式会社中山鉄工所
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Description

本発明は、石などの破砕対象物を破砕する破砕装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a crushing device for crushing an object to be crushed such as stone.

従来より、石やコンクリート廃材、アスファルト廃材などを所望の大きさに破砕する破砕装置として、ジョークラッシャが使用されている。ジョークラッシャは、固定された不動歯に対して、スイングジョーに取り付けた動歯を動かすと共に、不動歯と動歯との間に生じている空間としての破砕室に破砕対象物を投入し、この破砕室において破砕対象物を不動歯と動歯で挟んで破砕するものである。 Conventionally, a jaw crusher has been used as a crushing device for crushing stone, concrete waste, asphalt waste, etc. to a desired size. The jaw crusher moves the moving tooth attached to the swing jaw to the fixed immovable tooth, and puts the object to be crushed into the crushing chamber as a space created between the immovable tooth and the moving tooth. In the crushing chamber, the object to be crushed is sandwiched between the immovable teeth and the moving teeth and crushed.

従来のジョークラッシャは、通常、破砕対象物を破砕室に上方から投入して破砕を実行する仕組みである。この破砕対象物の投入用として、油圧ショベル等により運ばれる破砕原料の受入部となるホッパや、ホッパで受入れた破砕原料をジョークラッシャ側に移動させ、必要に応じ大きさを選別した上で破砕対象物としてジョークラッシャの破砕室に落下させるフィーダ等が、ジョークラッシャと組み合わせて用いられる。 The conventional jaw crusher is usually a mechanism in which an object to be crushed is thrown into a crushing chamber from above to perform crushing. The hopper, which is the receiving part of the crushed raw material carried by the hydraulic excavator, or the crushed raw material received by the hopper is moved to the jaw crusher side for inputting the crushed object, and the size is selected as necessary before crushing. As an object, a feeder or the like that is dropped into the crushing chamber of the jaw crusher is used in combination with the jaw crusher.

この他、ジョークラッシャの破砕室の上方には、フィーダ等で移送されて破砕室に投入された破砕対象物の一部が、不動歯や動歯等に当たって跳ね返ったり、不動歯と動歯との間で破砕された破砕対象物の破片が破砕時に加わる力で上方に飛んだりして、ジョークラッシャの外に飛び出すことを防ぐ、飛散防止用カバーが設けられる場合もあった。
このような従来のジョークラッシャの一例としては、特開平10-310215号公報に開示されるものがある。
In addition, above the crushing chamber of the jaw crusher, a part of the crushed object transferred by the feeder etc. and put into the crushing chamber hits the immovable teeth, the moving teeth, etc. and bounces off, or the immovable teeth and the moving teeth In some cases, a shatterproof cover was provided to prevent the fragments of the crushed object crushed between them from flying upward due to the force applied during crushing and jumping out of the jaw crusher.
As an example of such a conventional jaw crusher, there is one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-310215.

特開平10-310215号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-310215

従来のジョークラッシャは前記特許文献に示される構成を有して、破砕対象物を不動歯と動歯との間で押圧して破砕する仕組みであるが、この不動歯と動歯との間に入る前の導入路部分に一部の破砕対象物が挟まってそこから先(下)に進まない、いわゆるブリッジ状態となり、このブリッジ状態となった破砕対象物が他の破砕対象物の破砕室への進行を阻害し、破砕室には新たな破砕対象物が到達せずに空となって破砕が行われなくなる場合がある。そうした場合には、作業者がジョークラッシャの投入口上側から電動ハンマー(ピック、ブレーカー)等を用いて、滞った破砕対象物を押し下げたり破砕したりして除去していた。 The conventional jaw crusher has the configuration shown in the above patent document, and is a mechanism of pressing the object to be crushed between the immovable tooth and the moving tooth to crush it. A part of the crushed object is caught in the introduction path before entering, and it does not proceed (downward) from there, so it becomes a so-called bridge state, and the crushed object in this bridge state goes to the crushing chamber of another crushed object. In some cases, a new object to be crushed does not reach the crushing chamber and becomes empty and crushing cannot be performed. In such a case, the operator used an electric hammer (pick, breaker) or the like to push down or crush the stagnant object to be crushed from the upper side of the inlet of the jaw crusher to remove it.

ただし、ジョークラッシャの破砕室の上方は、飛散防止用カバーが存在する場合もあるものの、少なくともフィーダ寄りの部位はジョークラッシャの稼働、停止に関わりなく開放状態となっており、上記の除去作業をはじめ、ホッパやフィーダ上に作業者が上って行うメンテナンス作業の際に、作業者が誤って破砕室に落ちるおそれがある、という課題を有していた。 However, although there may be a shatterproof cover above the crushing chamber of the jaw crusher, at least the part near the feeder is open regardless of whether the jaw crusher is operating or stopped. At first, there was a problem that the worker might accidentally fall into the crushing chamber during the maintenance work performed by the worker on the hopper or feeder.

本発明は前記課題を解消するためになされたもので、不動歯と動歯との間の破砕室に向かう破砕対象物の通過する経路の開放度合いを必要に応じて調整して、装置の保守作業を行う作業者の落下を防止して、安全な状態を維持できる破砕装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the degree of opening of the path through which the crushing object to be crushed toward the crushing chamber between the immovable tooth and the moving tooth is adjusted as necessary to maintain the device. It is an object of the present invention to provide a crushing device capable of preventing a worker who performs a work from falling and maintaining a safe state.

本発明に係る破砕装置は、本体フレームに固定された不動歯と、当該不動歯に対向させて所定範囲移動可能に配設される動歯とを少なくとも備え、不動歯と動歯との間の空間である破砕室に破砕対象物を投入され、不動歯と動歯で破砕対象物を挟んで破砕する破砕装置において、前記破砕室の上方にあたる所定箇所で、少なくとも一部を上下方向に移動可能として本体フレームに支持される閉塞体と、当該閉塞体に一部を連結させて配設され、前記閉塞体の少なくとも一部を、破砕室への破砕対象物投入を妨げない第一の位置と、当該第一の位置より破砕室寄りの第二の位置との間で上下に移動させるように閉塞体を動かす駆動部とを備え、前記閉塞体が、前記閉塞体の少なくとも一部が前記第二の位置にある状態では、前記本体フレームに対し、人の上方からの破砕室への進入を許容しない配置状態にあるものである。 The crushing device according to the present invention includes at least an immovable tooth fixed to a main body frame and a moving tooth arranged so as to be movable within a predetermined range facing the immovable tooth, and is between the immovable tooth and the moving tooth. In a crushing device that puts a crushing object into a crushing chamber, which is a space, and crushes the crushing object by sandwiching the crushing object between immovable teeth and moving teeth, at least a part of the crushing object can be moved up and down at a predetermined place above the crushing chamber. The obstructed body supported by the main body frame and a part of the obstructed body are connected to each other and arranged, and at least a part of the obstructed body is placed at a first position that does not prevent the object to be crushed from being put into the crushing chamber. A drive unit for moving the obstructed body so as to move it up and down from the first position to the second position closer to the crushing chamber is provided, and the obstructed body is provided with at least a part of the obstructed body. In the state of the second position, the main body frame is arranged so as not to allow a person to enter the crushing chamber from above.

このように本発明によれば、破砕室の上方に、閉塞体をその少なくとも一部が上下動可能となるように設け、破砕室の上側に破砕対象物が滞留するなどメンテナンスが必要な場合には、閉塞体の少なくとも一部を下方に移動させて、破砕室に破砕対象物を向かわせる経路の途中に位置するようにして、この破砕室に通じる経路の開放度合いを小さくし、破砕室への作業者の進入を阻止することにより、作業中に作業者の身体の一部が破砕室に誤って入り込むことはなく、作業者の安全を確保した状態で、作業者による滞留した破砕対象物の強制破砕作業や除去作業等を進められる。 As described above, according to the present invention, when maintenance is required such that an obstructed body is provided above the crushing chamber so that at least a part thereof can move up and down and the crushed object stays on the upper side of the crushing chamber. Moves at least a part of the obstruction downward so that it is located in the middle of the path that directs the object to be crushed to the crushing chamber, reducing the degree of opening of the path leading to this crushing chamber and moving to the crushing chamber. By blocking the entry of the worker, a part of the worker's body does not accidentally enter the crushing chamber during the work, and the crushed object stayed by the worker while ensuring the safety of the worker. Forcible crushing work and removal work can be carried out.

また、本発明に係る破砕装置は必要に応じて、前記閉塞体が、前記閉塞体の少なくとも一部が前記第一の位置又は第一の位置と第二の位置との間の所定位置にある状態で、破砕室に通じる本体フレーム上部の開口部分を、外部に対し閉じるようにされるものである。 Further, in the crushing device according to the present invention, if necessary, the obstructed body has at least a part of the obstructed body at a predetermined position between the first position or the first position and the second position. In the state, the opening portion of the upper part of the main body frame leading to the crushing chamber is closed to the outside.

このように本発明によれば、本体フレーム上部の開口部分を閉塞体で閉じる状態を選択可能として、破砕室の上方で破砕室と外部とが通じる状態を必要に応じて断てることにより、通常の破砕実行時には、閉塞体を開口部分が閉じられる位置に配置して、破砕室から上方に飛び出そうとする一部の破砕対象物や破片の外部への飛散を閉塞体で防ぐことができ、装置周囲の安全を確保しつつ破砕を行える。また、閉塞体を飛散防止用のカバーとして使用できることで、専用のカバーを設けずに済み、装置構成を簡略化してコストダウンが図れる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to select a state in which the opening portion at the upper part of the main body frame is closed with a closed body, and the state in which the crushing chamber and the outside are connected above the crushing chamber is cut off as necessary. At the time of crushing, the obstructed body can be placed in a position where the opening is closed, and the obstructed body can prevent some crushed objects and debris that try to jump out from the crushing chamber to the outside. Crushing can be performed while ensuring the safety around the device. Further, since the closed body can be used as a cover for preventing scattering, it is not necessary to provide a dedicated cover, and the device configuration can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.

また、本発明に係る破砕装置は必要に応じて、前記閉塞体が、上下方向に傾動可能として本体フレームに取り付けられ、傾動中心位置から離れた端部を、破砕室から離れた前記第一の位置から破砕室近くの前記第二の位置までの範囲で上下に移動させるように駆動部と連結されるものである。 Further, in the crushing device according to the present invention, if necessary, the obstructed body is attached to the main body frame so as to be tiltable in the vertical direction, and the end portion away from the tilting center position is separated from the crushing chamber. It is connected to the drive unit so as to move up and down in a range from the position to the second position near the crushing chamber.

このように本発明によれば、閉塞体を本体フレームに対し傾動可能とし、閉塞体の傾動中心から離れた端部を第一の位置と第二の位置との間で移動させるようにすることにより、閉塞体を傾動させるのみの簡略な構造で、破砕室への作業者の進入を阻止する状態が得られ、装置のコストを抑えつつ作業者の安全を確保できる。 As described above, according to the present invention, the obstructed body can be tilted with respect to the main body frame, and the end portion of the obstructed body away from the tilting center is moved between the first position and the second position. As a result, it is possible to obtain a state in which the worker is blocked from entering the crushing chamber with a simple structure in which the closed body is only tilted, and the safety of the worker can be ensured while suppressing the cost of the device.

また、本発明に係る破砕装置は必要に応じて、前記破砕室の入口付近で、破砕対象物が破砕されずに滞留する状態を検出可能とされ、前記駆動部が、破砕対象物の滞留状態が検出されると、前記閉塞体の少なくとも一部が滞留状態の破砕対象物に対し上側から接触可能となる破砕室近傍位置に達するまで、閉塞体を動かすようにされるものである。 Further, the crushing apparatus according to the present invention can detect a state in which the crushed object stays in the vicinity of the entrance of the crushing chamber without being crushed, if necessary, and the driving unit is in a state where the crushed object stays. When is detected, the closed body is moved until at least a part of the closed body reaches a position near the crushing chamber where the crushed object in the stagnant state can be contacted from above.

このように本発明によれば、装置の稼働状態で、破砕対象物を不動歯と動歯との間に挟んでも、破砕対象物が不動歯や動歯に対し滑って不動歯と動歯間から上方にずれ、破砕できない状態となるなど、破砕対象物の滞留が生じた際に、これを検出して閉塞体を動かし、閉塞体を滞留した破砕対象物上側に接触させ、こうした破砕対象物を上から拘束して、破砕対象物が破砕室から上方に動かないようにすることにより、破砕対象物を不動歯と動歯との間に挟んだ状態で保持して、確実に破砕のための力を破砕対象物に加えることができ、滞留していた破砕対象物を破砕し、破砕対象物の破砕が滞る状態を解消して、以降の破砕を無理なく継続できる。 As described above, according to the present invention, even if the crushed object is sandwiched between the immovable tooth and the moving tooth in the operating state of the apparatus, the crushed object slips against the immovable tooth or the moving tooth and is between the immovable tooth and the moving tooth. When the crushed object is stagnant, such as when it shifts upward from the crushed object and becomes incapable of crushing, it detects this and moves the obstructed body to bring the obstructed body into contact with the upper side of the stagnant crushed object. By restraining the object to be crushed from above so that it does not move upward from the crushing chamber, the object to be crushed is held between the immovable teeth and the moving teeth to ensure crushing. It is possible to apply the force of the above to the crushed object, crush the stagnant crushed object, eliminate the state in which the crushing target is delayed, and continue the subsequent crushing without difficulty.

また、本発明に係る破砕装置は必要に応じて、前記動歯が、破砕対象物の滞留状態が検出されると、対向する不動歯との間隔を大きくするように位置調整されるものである。 Further, in the crushing apparatus according to the present invention, the position of the moving tooth is adjusted as necessary so as to increase the distance between the moving tooth and the facing immovable tooth when the retention state of the crushed object is detected. ..

このように本発明によれば、装置の稼働状態で、破砕対象物の滞留状態を検出した場合には、閉塞体を動かして破砕対象物の上方への動きを拘束すると共に、動歯を位置調整して不動歯と動歯との間隔を大きくし、破砕対象物が破砕室により進入しやすくすることにより、破砕対象物を確実に不動歯と動歯との間に位置させて、破砕対象物を不動歯と動歯で挟持して力を加えられ、破砕対象物を不動歯と動歯との間から逃すことなく破砕を実行でき、破砕対象物の破砕が滞る状態をスムーズに解消できる。 As described above, according to the present invention, when the retention state of the crushed object is detected in the operating state of the apparatus, the obstructed body is moved to restrain the upward movement of the crushed object and the moving tooth is positioned. By adjusting to increase the distance between the immovable tooth and the moving tooth and making it easier for the crushed object to enter the crushing chamber, the crushed object is surely positioned between the immovable tooth and the moving tooth, and the crushed object is crushed. A force is applied by sandwiching an object between immovable teeth and moving teeth, and crushing can be performed without letting the crushed object escape between the immovable teeth and the moving teeth, and the state where crushing of the crushed object is delayed can be smoothly resolved. ..

本発明の第1の実施形態に係る破砕装置の概略側面図である。It is a schematic side view of the crushing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施形態に係る破砕装置の概略平面図である。It is a schematic plan view of the crushing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施形態に係る破砕装置の要部の概略構成説明図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the main part of the crushing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施形態に係る破砕装置の通常破砕状態説明図である。It is a normal crushing state explanatory view of the crushing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施形態に係る破砕装置における閉塞体の上方傾動状態説明図である。It is an upward tilting state explanatory view of the closed body in the crushing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施形態に係る破砕装置における破砕室入口部分の閉塞状態説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the closed state of the crushing chamber entrance part in the crushing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施形態に係る破砕装置のおける閉塞体の第二の位置到達状態説明図である。It is a 2nd position arrival state explanatory view of the closed body in the crushing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施形態に係る破砕装置における閉塞体の破砕対象物拘束状態説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the crushing object restraint state of the closed body in the crushing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第2の実施形態に係る破砕装置における閉塞体の下方傾動状態及び動歯位置調整状態説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the downward tilting state and the moving tooth position adjustment state of the closed body in the crushing apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

(本発明の第1の実施形態)
以下、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る破砕装置を前記図1ないし図8に基づいて説明する。本実施形態では、自走式のジョークラッシャの例について説明する。
(First Embodiment of the present invention)
Hereinafter, the crushing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. In this embodiment, an example of a self-propelled jaw crusher will be described.

前記各図において本実施形態に係る破砕装置1は、本体フレーム10に固定された不動歯11と、この不動歯11に対向して配置される動歯12と、この動歯12を取り付けられて少なくとも揺動可能に本体フレーム10に配設されるスイングジョー13と、スイングジョー13の下部に一端部を当接させて設けられるトッグルプレート14と、トッグルプレート14の他端部に当接するようにして本体フレーム10に位置調整可能として設けられるトッグルブロック15と、本体フレーム10に傾動可能に支持される閉塞体16と、この閉塞体16に一部を連結されて閉塞体16を上下に傾動させる駆動部17と、この駆動部17他を制御する制御部18とを備える構成である。 In each of the above figures, the crushing device 1 according to the present embodiment is attached with an immovable tooth 11 fixed to the main body frame 10, a moving tooth 12 arranged to face the immovable tooth 11, and the moving tooth 12. At least, the swing jaw 13 which is swingably arranged on the main body frame 10, the toggle plate 14 which is provided so that one end of the swing jaw 13 is in contact with the lower portion, and the other end of the toggle plate 14 are in contact with each other. A toggle block 15 provided on the main body frame 10 so as to be adjustable in position, an obstruction body 16 supported by the main body frame 10 so as to be tiltable, and a part of the obstruction body 16 connected to the obstruction body 16 to tilt the obstruction body 16 up and down. The configuration includes a drive unit 17 and a control unit 18 that controls the drive unit 17 and others.

この破砕装置1は、スイングジョー13を動かして、動歯12と不動歯11との間隔を周期変化させ、不動歯11と動歯12との間に供給、導入される破砕対象物を破砕するジョークラッシャである。各部の機構については、閉塞体16と、この閉塞体16の作動に係る制御部18の制御内容を除いて、公知のシングルトッグル式のジョークラッシャと同様のものであり、詳細な説明を省略する。 The crushing device 1 moves the swing jaw 13 to periodically change the distance between the moving tooth 12 and the immovable tooth 11 to crush the crushed object supplied and introduced between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12. Joe Crusher. The mechanism of each part is the same as that of the known single toggle type jaw crusher except for the control content of the closed body 16 and the control unit 18 related to the operation of the closed body 16, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. ..

なお、破砕装置1は、自走式の装置として、公知のクローラ式の走行台車部61を備えた車体60に搭載されるものである。加えて、上方に拡開する形状とされて、油圧ショベル等の重機で搬入される破砕原料を受け入れるホッパ62と、ホッパ62上の原料のうち所定の大きさ以上のものを破砕対象物として選別して破砕装置1の破砕室19に搬出供給するフィーダ63と、この破砕装置1で破砕した破砕物を外部に排出する搬送コンベヤ64とをそれぞれ併設される公知の構成を有するものである(図1、図2参照)。 The crushing device 1 is mounted on a vehicle body 60 provided with a known crawler-type traveling carriage unit 61 as a self-propelled device. In addition, the hopper 62, which has a shape that expands upward and accepts crushed raw materials carried in by heavy machinery such as hydraulic excavators, and the raw materials on the hopper 62 that are larger than a predetermined size are sorted as crushed objects. It has a known configuration in which a feeder 63 that is carried out and supplied to the crushing chamber 19 of the crushing device 1 and a conveyor 64 that discharges the crushed material crushed by the crushing device 1 to the outside are installed side by side (FIG. FIG. 1. See Fig. 2).

前記不動歯11と動歯12は、それぞれ平板状に形成され、各表面を、複数の突起が波状の横断面をなすように並列する突起面とされる構成である。不動歯11は、本体フレーム10の傾斜した支持面に着脱可能に固定支持され、スイングジョー13に取り付けられる動歯12と対向して配置される。これら不動歯11と動歯12との間に、下方が狭く上方が広い空間である破砕室19が生じている。この破砕室19に破砕対象物80が投入され、不動歯11と動歯12で破砕対象物80を挟んで破砕する仕組みである。 The immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12 are each formed in a flat plate shape, and each surface is configured as a protrusion surface in which a plurality of protrusions are arranged in parallel so as to form a wavy cross section. The immovable teeth 11 are detachably fixedly supported on the inclined support surface of the main body frame 10 and are arranged to face the moving teeth 12 attached to the swing jaw 13. A crushing chamber 19 is formed between the immovable teeth 11 and the moving teeth 12, which is a space narrow in the lower part and wide in the upper part. The crushing object 80 is put into the crushing chamber 19, and the crushing object 80 is sandwiched between the immovable teeth 11 and the moving teeth 12 for crushing.

不動歯11と、動歯12を取り付けられたスイングジョー13とを支持する本体フレーム10は、例えば金属製の枠組や板組等による剛性の高い立体構造を有するものであり、車体90上に搭載されて自走式装置とされる他に、安定した地面や床面に固定状態で設置される構成とすることもできる。 The main body frame 10 that supports the immovable teeth 11 and the swing jaw 13 to which the moving teeth 12 are attached has a highly rigid three-dimensional structure such as a metal frame or a plate structure, and is mounted on the vehicle body 90. In addition to being a self-propelled device, it can also be installed in a fixed state on a stable ground or floor.

この本体フレーム10上部に、スイングジョー13の支持のための回転軸20が回転可能に軸支される。
回転軸20は、油圧式や電動式等のモータ40により回転駆動される。この回転軸20には、回転軸20に対し軸中心を平行にずらした偏心配置とされる偏心軸21が、回転軸20と一体に回転可能として設けられる構成である。
この偏心軸21周りにスイングジョー13の上端部が取り付けられており、偏心軸21はスイングジョー13を相対回転可能に支持する。
A rotating shaft 20 for supporting the swing jaw 13 is rotatably supported on the upper portion of the main body frame 10.
The rotary shaft 20 is rotationally driven by a hydraulic or electric motor 40. The rotation shaft 20 is provided with an eccentric shaft 21 having an eccentric arrangement in which the center of the axis is shifted parallel to the rotation shaft 20 so as to be rotatable integrally with the rotation shaft 20.
An upper end portion of the swing jaw 13 is attached around the eccentric shaft 21, and the eccentric shaft 21 supports the swing jaw 13 so as to be relatively rotatable.

前記スイングジョー13は、その上部を偏心軸21に支持される一方、下部の凹部分を、本体フレーム10に別途揺動可能として設けられるトッグルプレート14の一端部に当接させ、この当接を維持するようにされる構成である。このスイングジョー13とトッグルプレート14とが互いに離隔せず当接する状態で、スイングジョー13はトッグルプレート14一端部に対し相対的に揺動可能とされる。 The upper part of the swing jaw 13 is supported by the eccentric shaft 21, while the concave portion of the lower part is brought into contact with one end of a toggle plate 14 separately provided on the main body frame 10 so as to be swingable, and this contact is made. It is a configuration that is designed to be maintained. The swing jaw 13 is relatively swingable with respect to one end of the toggle plate 14 in a state where the swing jaw 13 and the toggle plate 14 are in contact with each other without being separated from each other.

前記トッグルプレート14は、金属製の略矩形板状体であり、回転軸20(偏心軸21)の軸方向(図3の正面方向)と平行な向きとして配設される構成である(図3参照)。 The toggle plate 14 is a substantially rectangular plate-shaped body made of metal, and is arranged in a direction parallel to the axial direction (front direction in FIG. 3) of the rotation axis 20 (eccentric axis 21) (FIG. 3). reference).

前記トッグルブロック15は、本体フレーム10上に、スイングジョー13に対し進退するように、本体フレーム10の一部に移動可能な向きを拘束されつつ配設される構成である。このトッグルブロック15の凹部分にトッグルプレート14の他端部が揺動可能に当接し、この当接を維持するようにされて、スイングジョー13とトッグルブロック15との間に、トッグルプレート14が介設されることとなる。
これにより、スイングジョー13、トッグルプレート14、本体フレーム10、及び偏心軸21が一種のリンク機構を構成する。
The toggle block 15 is arranged on the main body frame 10 while being restricted in a movable direction by a part of the main body frame 10 so as to advance and retreat with respect to the swing jaw 13. The other end of the toggle plate 14 swingably contacts the concave portion of the toggle block 15 so as to maintain this contact, and the toggle plate 14 is placed between the swing jaw 13 and the toggle block 15. It will be installed.
As a result, the swing jaw 13, the toggle plate 14, the main body frame 10, and the eccentric shaft 21 form a kind of link mechanism.

偏心軸21が回転すると、偏心軸21を原動節、本体フレーム10を静止節、スイングジョー13を従動節とするリンク機構の特徴に基づいて、スイングジョー13は、このスイングジョー13上における任意の一点が閉じた曲線状の軌跡を描くように動く。すなわち、スイングジョー13は、リンク機構により生じる、揺動だけではなく上下動なども伴った、不動歯11に対し近付いたり離れたりする所定の動きを繰り返すこととなる。 When the eccentric shaft 21 rotates, the swing jaw 13 can be any arbitrary on the swing jaw 13 based on the characteristics of the link mechanism in which the eccentric shaft 21 is the driving node, the main body frame 10 is the stationary node, and the swing jaw 13 is the driven node. One point moves to draw a closed curved trajectory. That is, the swing jaw 13 repeats a predetermined movement of approaching and moving away from the immovable tooth 11 accompanied by not only the swing but also the vertical movement caused by the link mechanism.

トッグルブロック15の近傍には、このトッグルブロック15の位置を調整するための、公知のジョークラッシャで用いられるものと同様の調整用機構15aが設けられる。調整用機構15aによりトッグルブロック15が移動すると、トッグルプレート14を介してスイングジョー13も移動することで、スイングジョー13及び動歯12を不動歯11に対して進退移動させられる仕組みである。 In the vicinity of the toggle block 15, an adjustment mechanism 15a similar to that used in a known jaw crusher is provided for adjusting the position of the toggle block 15. When the toggle block 15 is moved by the adjusting mechanism 15a, the swing jaw 13 is also moved via the toggle plate 14, so that the swing jaw 13 and the moving tooth 12 can be moved back and forth with respect to the immovable tooth 11.

この他、スイングジョー13の下端には、付勢力を生じさせたテンションロッド30の一部が取り付けられる。このテンションロッド30の他部が、本体フレーム10の所定部位に取り付けられて、テンションロッド30の付勢力でスイングジョー13を不動歯11に対し離れる向きに常時引っ張る機構をなしている。このようにテンションロッド30を用いてスイングジョー13に付勢力を加えることで、スイングジョー13とトッグルプレート14の一端部、及び、トッグルブロック15とトッグルプレート14の他端部が、それぞれ当接する状態を維持でき、スイングジョー13、トッグルプレート14、及びトッグルブロック15が互いに離れないようにされる。 In addition, a part of the tension rod 30 that generated the urging force is attached to the lower end of the swing jaw 13. The other part of the tension rod 30 is attached to a predetermined portion of the main body frame 10 and has a mechanism of constantly pulling the swing jaw 13 away from the immovable tooth 11 by the urging force of the tension rod 30. By applying an urging force to the swing jaw 13 using the tension rod 30 in this way, one end of the swing jaw 13 and the toggle plate 14 and the other end of the toggle block 15 and the toggle plate 14 are in contact with each other. The swing jaw 13, the toggle plate 14, and the toggle block 15 are kept from being separated from each other.

前記閉塞体16は、略板状体で形成され、破砕室19の上方の所定箇所に傾動可能として本体フレーム10に取り付けられ、傾動中心位置から離れた一端部16aを上下方向に移動可能として本体フレーム10に支持される構成である。 The closed body 16 is formed of a substantially plate-shaped body, is attached to the main body frame 10 so as to be tiltable at a predetermined position above the crushing chamber 19, and is capable of moving one end portion 16a away from the tilting center position in the vertical direction. It is a configuration supported by the frame 10.

この閉塞体16は、傾動中心位置近くの所定箇所で駆動部17と連結され、本体フレーム10に対し、前記一端部16aを、破砕室19への破砕対象物投入を妨げない上方の第一の位置から、破砕室近傍の第二の位置までの範囲で、上下に移動させるように、駆動部17により傾動可能とされる。 The closed body 16 is connected to the drive unit 17 at a predetermined position near the tilting center position, and the one end portion 16a of the main body frame 10 is the first upper portion that does not interfere with the introduction of the crushed object into the crushing chamber 19. The drive unit 17 allows tilting so as to move up and down in the range from the position to the second position near the crushing chamber.

そして、閉塞体16は、その一端部16aが第一の位置にある状態(図5参照)では、破砕室19に通じる本体フレーム10上部の開口部分を、外部に対し広く開放する配置となる。この状態では、作業者による、破砕装置停止時における不動歯11や動歯12をはじめとする破砕装置内部への保守作業を容易にすることができる。 When the one end portion 16a of the closed body 16 is in the first position (see FIG. 5), the closed body 16 is arranged so that the opening portion of the upper part of the main body frame 10 leading to the crushing chamber 19 is widely opened to the outside. In this state, it is possible to facilitate the maintenance work inside the crushing device such as the immovable teeth 11 and the moving teeth 12 when the crushing device is stopped by the operator.

また、閉塞体16は、その一端部16aが第一の位置と第二の位置との間の、前記第一の位置同様に破砕室19への破砕対象物投入を妨げない第三の位置にある状態(図4参照)では、破砕室19に通じる本体フレーム10上部の開口部分を、外部に対し閉じる配置となる。この状態では、破砕室19から上向きに飛び出そうとする一部の破砕対象物80や破片の外部に向かう経路を塞いでいることで、こうした破砕対象物80や破片の装置外部への飛散を阻止することができる。 Further, the closed body 16 is located at a third position between the first position and the second position, the one end portion 16a thereof, which does not prevent the crushing object from being put into the crushing chamber 19 as in the first position. In a certain state (see FIG. 4), the opening portion of the upper part of the main body frame 10 leading to the crushing chamber 19 is arranged to be closed to the outside. In this state, by blocking the path toward the outside of some of the crushed objects 80 and the fragments that are about to jump out from the crushing chamber 19, the scattering of the crushed objects 80 and the fragments to the outside of the device is prevented. can do.

さらに、閉塞体16は、一端部16aが第二の位置にある状態(図7参照)では、本体フレーム10に対し、人の上方からの破砕室19への進入を許容しない配置となる。具体的には、閉塞体16の一端部16aと本体フレーム10のフィーダ寄り内壁面部との間隔を、人の身体が破砕室側へ進入できない程度に狭くする状態となる。この閉塞体一端部16aが第二の位置にある状態では、ホッパ62やフィーダ63の破砕装置寄り端部が広く開放された状態を得られることから、これらホッパ62やフィーダ63へのメンテナンス時における閉塞***置として設定しておけば、メンテナンス作業を行いやすくなり、作業効率を向上させられる。 Further, the closed body 16 is arranged so that the main body frame 10 is not allowed to enter the crushing chamber 19 from above by a person when the one end portion 16a is in the second position (see FIG. 7). Specifically, the distance between one end 16a of the closed body 16 and the inner wall surface portion of the main body frame 10 near the feeder is narrowed to such an extent that the human body cannot enter the crushing chamber side. In the state where the one end portion 16a of the closed body is in the second position, it is possible to obtain a state in which the end portion of the hopper 62 or the feeder 63 near the crushing device is widely opened. If it is set as the closed body position, maintenance work can be easily performed and work efficiency can be improved.

前記駆動部17は、閉塞体16に一部を連結されると共に、他部を本体フレーム10に連結されて配設され、前記一部と他部との位置関係を変化させるように作動して、閉塞体16を本体フレーム10に対し上下に傾動させる、シリンダ機構などのアクチュエータである。 The drive unit 17 is arranged by connecting a part to the closing body 16 and connecting the other part to the main body frame 10, and operates so as to change the positional relationship between the part and the other part. , An actuator such as a cylinder mechanism that tilts the closing body 16 up and down with respect to the main body frame 10.

この駆動部17は、その作動範囲と、閉塞体16及び本体フレーム10との連結位置関係、並びに制御部での制御により、閉塞体16を、その一端部が前記第一の位置と第二の位置との間に位置する範囲内で、上下に傾動させる仕組みとされる。 The drive unit 17 is controlled by the operation range, the connection position relationship between the block body 16 and the main body frame 10, and the control unit, and one end portion thereof is the first position and the second position. It is a mechanism to tilt up and down within the range located between the position.

例えば、駆動部17がシリンダ機構である場合、閉塞体16がその一端部16aを第三の位置に位置させて、閉塞体16を飛散防止用カバーとして機能させる通常の状態(図4参照)から、駆動部17を縮長側に作動させると、閉塞体16は上方に傾動して、一端部16aが第一の位置に達し、破砕室19を開放状態とする(図5参照)。また、前記通常の状態から駆動部17を伸長側に作動させると、閉塞体16は下方に傾動して、一端部16aが第二の位置に達し、破砕室19への進入非許容状態となる(図7参照)。 For example, when the drive unit 17 is a cylinder mechanism, the obstruction body 16 positions one end portion 16a of the obstruction body 16a at a third position, and the obstruction body 16 functions as a shatterproof cover (see FIG. 4). When the drive unit 17 is operated to the contraction side, the closing body 16 tilts upward, the one end portion 16a reaches the first position, and the crushing chamber 19 is opened (see FIG. 5). Further, when the drive unit 17 is operated to the extension side from the normal state, the closed body 16 tilts downward, the one end portion 16a reaches the second position, and the entry into the crushing chamber 19 is not allowed. (See FIG. 7).

前記制御部18は、閉塞体16の駆動部17と共に、回転軸20を回転駆動するモータ40や、トッグルブロック15を動かす調整用機構15aの制御を行うものである。この制御部18は、そのハードウェア構成として、CPUや記憶部、入出力インターフェース等を備えるコンピュータとなっており、記憶部に格納されるプログラムにより、コンピュータを制御部18として作動させる仕組みである。こうした制御部18をなすコンピュータは、CPUや記憶部等を一体的に形成されたマイクロコンピュータとしてもかまわない。 The control unit 18 controls the motor 40 that rotationally drives the rotary shaft 20 and the adjustment mechanism 15a that moves the toggle block 15 together with the drive unit 17 of the closing body 16. The control unit 18 is a computer including a CPU, a storage unit, an input / output interface, and the like as its hardware configuration, and is a mechanism for operating the computer as the control unit 18 by a program stored in the storage unit. The computer forming the control unit 18 may be a microcomputer in which a CPU, a storage unit, and the like are integrally formed.

この制御部18は、本体フレーム10の近傍に設けられ、制御対象の駆動部17やモータ40、調整用機構15aに加え、装置各部に設けられるセンサ類ともそれぞれ電気的に接続され、検出情報に基づいて制御信号を出力して各部の作動を制御する。加えて、制御部18は、図示されないスイッチ等の操作手段や稼働状態の表示装置などともそれぞれ電気的に接続され、各スイッチ操作や各種表示に対応した機能実行等の制御を行うこととなる。 The control unit 18 is provided in the vicinity of the main body frame 10, and is electrically connected to the drive unit 17 to be controlled, the motor 40, the adjustment mechanism 15a, and the sensors provided in each unit of the device, and is used for detection information. Based on this, a control signal is output to control the operation of each part. In addition, the control unit 18 is electrically connected to an operating means such as a switch (not shown), an operating state display device, and the like, and controls operation of each switch and function execution corresponding to various displays.

詳細には、制御部18は、不動歯11と動歯12との間の破砕室19に破砕対象物80が進まず、破砕室への経路途中で滞留した状態を判別可能とされると共に、この滞留状態を判別すると、閉塞体16を傾動させて、閉塞体16の下面や一端部16aが滞留状態の破砕対象物80に対し上側から接触可能となる、破砕室近傍位置に閉塞体16を位置させる制御を実行するものである。 Specifically, the control unit 18 is capable of determining a state in which the crushing object 80 does not advance into the crushing chamber 19 between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12 and stays in the middle of the route to the crushing chamber. When this stagnant state is determined, the closed body 16 is tilted so that the lower surface and one end portion 16a of the closed body 16 can come into contact with the stagnant object 80 from above, and the closed body 16 is placed near the crushing chamber. It executes the control to position.

この他、制御部18は、回転軸20を回転駆動してスイングジョー13を動かし、破砕対象物80の破砕に係る作動状態とするモータ40、例えば、電動機など、を作動させたり停止させる制御を行うものである。加えて、制御部18は、調整用機構15aを制御してトッグルブロック15を移動させることで、トッグルブロック15及びトッグルプレート14を介して、スイングジョー13及び動歯12を不動歯11に対して進退移動させて位置調整できる仕組みである。 In addition, the control unit 18 controls to operate and stop the motor 40, for example, an electric motor, which drives the rotary shaft 20 to rotate to move the swing jaw 13 and puts the crushing object 80 into an operating state related to crushing. It is something to do. In addition, the control unit 18 controls the adjusting mechanism 15a to move the toggle block 15 so as to move the swing jaw 13 and the moving tooth 12 with respect to the immovable tooth 11 via the toggle block 15 and the toggle plate 14. It is a mechanism that can be moved forward and backward to adjust the position.

次に、前記構成に基づく破砕装置における閉塞体の使用状態について説明する。
最初に、破砕対象物80の通常破砕時における閉塞体の状態について説明する。
破砕装置1が起動した直後の段階で、閉塞体16は、制御部18の制御を受けた駆動部により、閉塞体16の一端部16aが破砕室19上方の前記第三の位置にある状態とされる(図4参照)。これにより、閉塞体16は、破砕室19に通じる本体フレーム10上部の開口部分を、外部に対し閉じる配置となっている。
Next, the usage state of the closed body in the crushing device based on the above configuration will be described.
First, the state of the obstructed body at the time of normal crushing of the crushed object 80 will be described.
Immediately after the crushing device 1 is activated, the closed body 16 is in a state where one end portion 16a of the closed body 16 is in the third position above the crushing chamber 19 by the drive unit controlled by the control unit 18. (See FIG. 4). As a result, the closed body 16 is arranged to close the opening portion of the upper part of the main body frame 10 leading to the crushing chamber 19 to the outside.

また、破砕装置1が起動すると、モータ40により回転軸20が回転駆動され、回転軸20と一体の偏心軸21の回転に伴い、スイングジョー13は動歯12と共に不動歯11に対し近付いたり離れたりする所定の動きを繰り返す。 Further, when the crushing device 1 is activated, the rotary shaft 20 is rotationally driven by the motor 40, and the swing jaw 13 approaches and separates from the immovable tooth 11 together with the moving tooth 12 as the eccentric shaft 21 integrated with the rotating shaft 20 rotates. Repeat the prescribed movements.

破砕装置1の起動と共にフィーダ63の作動を開始させ、ホッパ62上に搬入された破砕対象物80をフィーダ63で搬送して破砕室19に供給、導入すると、スイングジョー13の動きにより、破砕室19に投入され、不動歯11と動歯12に挟まれた破砕対象物80は、不動歯11と動歯12より挟圧力を受ける。この圧力に伴って破砕対象物80の一部に応力が集中し、破砕対象物80は応力集中箇所を起点として破砕され分割される。 When the feeder 63 is started to operate when the crushing device 1 is activated, the crushing object 80 carried onto the hopper 62 is conveyed by the feeder 63 and supplied to and introduced into the crushing chamber 19, the crushing chamber is moved by the movement of the swing jaw 13. The crushing object 80, which is thrown into 19 and sandwiched between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12, receives a pinching pressure from the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12. With this pressure, stress is concentrated on a part of the crushed object 80, and the crushed object 80 is crushed and divided starting from the stress concentration point.

不動歯11と動歯12との間を、破砕対象物80が上から下に進行しながら、破砕力を受けて破砕され、粒度を小さくしていく過程が繰り返されて、最終的に所望の粒度の破砕物が、不動歯11と動歯12との間の隙間下端部(排出口)から排出されることとなる。 While the crushing object 80 progresses from top to bottom between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12, the process of crushing by receiving the crushing force and reducing the particle size is repeated, and finally the desired one is desired. The crushed material having a particle size is discharged from the lower end portion (discharge port) of the gap between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12.

こうして破砕が進行する中、一部の破砕対象物80や破砕された破片は、不動歯11と動歯12から加わる力で上向きの速度成分を有する状態となって、破砕室19から上向きに飛び出す。 As the crushing progresses in this way, some of the crushed objects 80 and the crushed fragments are in a state of having an upward velocity component due to the force applied from the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12, and jump out of the crushing chamber 19 upward. ..

破砕室19から飛び出した破砕対象物80や破片はさらに上方に進もうとするが、閉塞体16がフィーダ63による破砕対象物80の投入経路部分を除いて破砕室19上方を閉塞するように配置されているので、上方に進もうとする一部の破砕対象物80や破片は閉塞体16に衝突して下方に落下し、破砕室19に戻ることとなる。 The crushing object 80 and debris that have jumped out of the crushing chamber 19 try to move further upward, but the obstructing body 16 is arranged so as to block the upper part of the crushing chamber 19 except for the input path portion of the crushing object 80 by the feeder 63. Therefore, some of the crushed objects 80 and debris that are going to move upward collide with the obstruction body 16 and fall downward, and return to the crushing chamber 19.

一方、フィーダ63と閉塞体16との間の隙間、すなわち、破砕対象物80の投入経路部分には、通常、破砕室19に投入される前の破砕対象物80が存在していることから、この部分から破片等が外部に出ることはない。
これにより、破砕対象物80や破片が装置内から外部に飛び出すことはできず、これら破片等が装置周囲に飛散することはなく、周囲の安全を確保できる。
On the other hand, in the gap between the feeder 63 and the obstructed body 16, that is, in the charging path portion of the crushing object 80, the crushing object 80 before being charged into the crushing chamber 19 usually exists. Fragments and the like do not come out from this part.
As a result, the crushed object 80 and debris cannot be ejected from the inside of the device to the outside, and these debris and the like do not scatter around the device, and the safety of the surroundings can be ensured.

続いて、破砕装置の稼働中において破砕対象物80を破砕できない状態に陥った場合の閉塞体について説明する。
破砕対象物80の破砕が進む中、破砕室19に入る前の導入路部分に一部の破砕対象物80が挟まってそこから下に進まなくなる、いわゆるブリッジ状態になると、このブリッジ状態となった破砕対象物80が他の破砕対象物の破砕室19への進行を阻害することで、破砕室19は新たな破砕対象物80が到達せずに空となり、破砕が行われなくなる場合がある(図6参照)。
Subsequently, a closed body in the case where the crushing object 80 cannot be crushed while the crushing device is in operation will be described.
While the crushing object 80 is being crushed, a part of the crushing object 80 is caught in the introduction path portion before entering the crushing chamber 19, and the so-called bridge state is reached. When the crushing object 80 hinders the progress of other crushing objects to the crushing chamber 19, the crushing chamber 19 may be emptied without the new crushing object 80 reaching, and crushing may not be performed (. See FIG. 6).

制御部18は、このような動歯12が不動歯11に対し動いているにも拘わらず、破砕室19に破砕対象物80がなく、破砕対象物80を破砕できない状態を、例えばスイングジョー13を駆動するモータの駆動電流変化の検出や、別途設けたセンサや接触スイッチによる検出等、公知の手法で判別可能である。制御部18が、この破砕できない状態を判別すると、モータ40を停止させて破砕を停止すると共に、フィーダ63の作動を停止させ、新たな破砕対象物80を投入させない状態とすることとなる。 The control unit 18 is in a state where the crushing object 80 is not in the crushing chamber 19 and the crushing object 80 cannot be crushed even though the moving tooth 12 is moving with respect to the immovable tooth 11, for example, the swing jaw 13. It can be discriminated by a known method such as detection of a change in the drive current of the motor that drives the motor, detection by a sensor or a contact switch provided separately, and the like. When the control unit 18 determines the state in which the crushing is not possible, the motor 40 is stopped to stop the crushing, and the operation of the feeder 63 is stopped to prevent the new crushing object 80 from being input.

フィーダ63の停止後、制御部18は駆動部17を作動させ、閉塞体16を下方に傾動させて、その一端部16aの位置が前記第二の位置に達した状態にする(図7参照)。この状態では、閉塞体16は、本体フレーム10に対し、人の上方からの破砕室19への進入を許容しない配置となる。具体的には、閉塞体16の一端部16aと本体フレーム10のフィーダ寄り内壁面部との間隔を、人の身体が破砕室側へ進入できない程度に狭くする状態となる。 After the feeder 63 is stopped, the control unit 18 operates the drive unit 17 to tilt the closing body 16 downward so that the position of one end portion 16a thereof reaches the second position (see FIG. 7). .. In this state, the obstructed body 16 is arranged so as not to allow the main body frame 10 to enter the crushing chamber 19 from above a person. Specifically, the distance between one end 16a of the closed body 16 and the inner wall surface portion of the main body frame 10 near the feeder is narrowed to such an extent that the human body cannot enter the crushing chamber side.

閉塞体16の一端部16aが前記第二の位置にある状態に移行した後、作業者が破砕装置の上側で、電動ハンマー等を閉塞体16の一端部16aと本体フレーム10との間の隙間から挿入して、滞留状態の破砕対象物80を押し下げたり破砕したりする除去作業を行う。 After the one end portion 16a of the closing body 16 shifts to the state of being in the second position, the operator puts an electric hammer or the like on the upper side of the crushing device in the gap between the one end portion 16a of the closing body 16 and the main body frame 10. The crushing object 80 in the stagnant state is pushed down or crushed by inserting from the crushing object 80.

こうした作業の際、閉塞体16が破砕室19近くに位置して、この破砕室の開放度合いを小さくしていることで、作業者の身体の一部が破砕室側に誤って入り込むことはなく、作業者は安全を確保した状態で作業を進めることができる。 During such work, the obstructed body 16 is located near the crushing chamber 19 to reduce the degree of opening of the crushing chamber, so that a part of the worker's body does not accidentally enter the crushing chamber side. , The worker can proceed with the work while ensuring safety.

滞留していた破砕対象物80の除去が済んで、破砕対象物80の破砕室19への進行が阻害されず、破砕対象物80を破砕室19に継続的に送り込める状態に復帰すると、制御部18は閉塞体16を上方へ傾動させ、一端部16aが前記第三の位置に達した状態にする。この後、モータ40やフィーダ63の作動を再開させて、破砕対象物80を破砕室19に投入することで、通常の破砕状態に移行する。 When the stagnant crushing object 80 is removed, the progress of the crushing object 80 to the crushing chamber 19 is not hindered, and the crushing object 80 is continuously sent to the crushing chamber 19, control is performed. The portion 18 tilts the obstructed body 16 upward so that one end portion 16a reaches the third position. After that, the operation of the motor 40 and the feeder 63 is restarted, and the crushing object 80 is put into the crushing chamber 19, so that the normal crushing state is entered.

さらに、破砕装置の稼働中において、破砕対象物80が不動歯11と動歯12に対し滑って破砕できない場合の閉塞体について説明する。
破砕対象物80が角の取れた滑らかな丸い石である場合や、破砕対象物80の周囲に大量の水分が存在する場合、破砕対象物80は不動歯と動歯で挟んだ際に滑って上方にずれ、破砕対象物80に力を有効に加えられず破砕できなくなって、こうした破砕できない破砕対象物80が破砕室入口部分に滞留する事態が生じることがある。
Further, a closed body in which the crushing object 80 slips against the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12 and cannot be crushed while the crushing device is in operation will be described.
If the object to be crushed 80 is a smooth round stone with rounded corners, or if there is a large amount of water around the object to be crushed 80, the object to be crushed 80 will slip when sandwiched between immovable teeth and moving teeth. The crushing object 80 may be displaced upward and crushing may not be possible because the force cannot be effectively applied to the crushing object 80, and the crushing object 80 that cannot be crushed may stay at the entrance portion of the crushing chamber.

制御部18は、このように動歯12が不動歯11に対し動いているにも拘わらず、破砕対象物80が不動歯11と動歯12に対し滑りを生じて、破砕対象物80の破砕ができず、破砕対象物80が滞留する状態を、例えばスイングジョー13の駆動手段であるモータ40の駆動電流変化の検出や、別途設けたセンサや接触スイッチによる検出等、公知の手法で判別可能である。制御部18が、この破砕対象物80の滞留状態を判別すると、フィーダ63の作動を停止させ、新たな破砕対象物80が投入されない状態とする。そして、制御部18は、駆動部17を作動させ、閉塞体16を下方に傾動させて、その一端部16aの位置が前記第二の位置近くにあって、閉塞体16が滞留状態の破砕対象物80に対し上側から接触可能となる、破砕室近傍位置に達した状態とする(図8参照)。 Although the moving tooth 12 is moving with respect to the immovable tooth 11, the control unit 18 causes the crushing object 80 to slip with respect to the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12, and crushes the crushing object 80. It is possible to determine the state in which the object to be crushed 80 stays, for example, by detecting a change in the drive current of the motor 40, which is the driving means of the swing jaw 13, or by using a separately provided sensor or contact switch. Is. When the control unit 18 determines the retention state of the crushed object 80, the operation of the feeder 63 is stopped so that a new crushed object 80 is not charged. Then, the control unit 18 operates the drive unit 17 to tilt the closed body 16 downward, the position of one end portion 16a thereof is near the second position, and the closed body 16 is a crushing target in a stagnant state. It is assumed that the object 80 has reached a position near the crushing chamber so that it can be contacted from above (see FIG. 8).

この状態では、閉塞体16が破砕対象物80の上側に接して、破砕対象物80の上への動きを拘束することで、破砕対象物80が破砕室19へ入り込んだ位置から上に逃げないこととなり、破砕対象物80を不動歯11と動歯12との間に挟んだ状態で保持して、確実に破砕のための力を破砕対象物80に加えることができる。こうして、滞留していた破砕対象物80を不動歯11と動歯12との間で破砕でき、破砕対象物80の破砕が滞る状態が解消することとなる。 In this state, the obstructed body 16 comes into contact with the upper side of the crushing object 80 and restrains the movement of the crushing object 80 upward, so that the crushing object 80 does not escape upward from the position where it has entered the crushing chamber 19. Therefore, the crushing object 80 can be held in a state of being sandwiched between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12, and a force for crushing can be reliably applied to the crushing object 80. In this way, the stagnant crushing object 80 can be crushed between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12, and the state in which the crushing target 80 is delayed is eliminated.

滞留していた破砕対象物80の破砕が済んだら、制御部18は閉塞体16を上方へ傾動させ、一端部16aが前記第三の位置に位置して、閉塞体16が破砕対象物80の破砕室19への進入経路を塞がず、破砕対象物80を破砕室19に投入可能な状態に復帰させる。
この後、フィーダ63の作動を再開させて、破砕対象物80を破砕室19に投入することで、通常の破砕状態に移行する。
After crushing the stagnant crushing object 80, the control unit 18 tilts the obstructed body 16 upward, one end portion 16a is located at the third position, and the obstructed body 16 is the crushed object 80. The entry route to the crushing chamber 19 is not blocked, and the crushing object 80 is returned to a state where it can be put into the crushing chamber 19.
After that, the operation of the feeder 63 is restarted, and the crushing object 80 is put into the crushing chamber 19, so that the normal crushing state is entered.

このように、本実施形態に係る破砕装置においては、破砕室19の上方に、閉塞体16を上下に傾動可能に設け、破砕室19の上側に破砕対象物80が滞留するなどメンテナンスが必要な場合には、閉塞体16を下方に傾動させて、破砕室19に破砕対象物80を向かわせる経路の途中に閉塞体16が位置するようにして、この破砕室19に通じる経路の開放度合いを小さくし、破砕室19への作業者の進入を阻止することから、作業中に作業者の身体の一部が破砕室19に誤って入り込むことはなく、作業者の安全を確保した状態で、作業者による滞留した破砕対象物80の強制破砕作業や除去作業等を進められる。 As described above, in the crushing apparatus according to the present embodiment, maintenance is required such that the closing body 16 is provided above the crushing chamber 19 so as to be tiltable up and down, and the crushing object 80 stays above the crushing chamber 19. In this case, the obstruction body 16 is tilted downward so that the obstruction body 16 is located in the middle of the path for directing the crushing object 80 to the crushing chamber 19, and the degree of opening of the path leading to the crushing chamber 19 is determined. Since it is made smaller and prevents the worker from entering the crushing chamber 19, a part of the worker's body does not accidentally enter the crushing chamber 19 during the work, and the safety of the worker is ensured. The worker can proceed with the forced crushing work, the removal work, and the like of the stagnant crushing object 80.

なお、前記実施形態に係る破砕装置において、閉塞体16は傾動によりその一端部16aを上下動させて、その機能を切り替え可能な構成としているが、これに限られるものではなく、閉塞体が、破砕室19の上方で、その少なくとも一部を、破砕室19への破砕対象物80投入を妨げない第一の位置と、この第一の位置より破砕室寄りの第二の位置との間で上下に移動させられるものであれば、閉塞体を傾動させる他に、閉塞体を全体として直線的に上下動させたり、所定のリンク機構を用いて閉塞体を上方の第一の位置と下方の第二の位置との間で移動させる構成とすることもできる。 In the crushing device according to the embodiment, the closed body 16 is configured to be able to switch its function by moving one end portion 16a up and down by tilting, but the closed body 16 is not limited to this. Above the crushing chamber 19, at least a part thereof is between the first position that does not prevent the crushing object 80 from being put into the crushing chamber 19 and the second position closer to the crushing chamber than this first position. If it can be moved up and down, in addition to tilting the obstruction body, the obstruction body can be moved up and down linearly as a whole, or the obstruction body can be moved up and down by using a predetermined link mechanism. It can also be configured to move to and from the second position.

また、前記実施形態に係る破砕装置においては、ジョークラッシャに適用する構成としているが、これに限られるものではなく、上方に開口して破砕対象物80を受け入れる破砕室を有して、ホッパやフィーダ等を用いて上方から破砕対象物80を破砕室に投入して破砕を行う装置であれば、ジョークラッシャ以外の、ロールクラッシャやインパクトクラッシャ等の破砕機にも適用できる。 Further, the crushing apparatus according to the above embodiment has a configuration applied to the jaw crusher, but is not limited to this, and has a crushing chamber that opens upward to receive the crushing object 80, such as a hopper or a hopper. Any device that throws the crushing object 80 into the crushing chamber from above using a feeder or the like to crush it can be applied to crushers such as roll crushers and impact crushers other than jaw crushers.

(本発明の第2の実施形態)
前記第1の実施形態に係る破砕装置においては、破砕対象物80が不動歯11と動歯12に対し滑って破砕できず、破砕対象物80が破砕室入口部分に滞留した場合に、閉塞体16を下方に傾動させ、閉塞体16により破砕対象物80の上への動きを拘束して、破砕を促す構成としているが、この他、図9に示すように、第2の実施形態として、上記の破砕対象物80の滞留状態で、閉塞体16を傾動させることに加えて、不動歯11と動歯12との間の隙間を若干大きくする調整を実行する構成とすることもできる。
(Second Embodiment of the present invention)
In the crushing apparatus according to the first embodiment, when the crushing object 80 slips against the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12 and cannot be crushed, and the crushing object 80 stays at the entrance portion of the crushing chamber, the closed body 16 is tilted downward, and the obstruction body 16 restrains the movement of the crushed object 80 upward to promote crushing. In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, as a second embodiment, In addition to tilting the obstructed body 16 in the stagnant state of the crushed object 80, it is also possible to perform adjustment to slightly increase the gap between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12.

具体的には、制御部18が、動歯12が不動歯11に対し動いているにも拘わらず、破砕対象物80が不動歯11と動歯12に対し滑りを生じて、破砕対象物80の破砕ができず、破砕対象物80が滞留する状態を、前記第1の実施形態同様に判別すると、フィーダ63の作動を停止させ、新たな破砕対象物80が投入されない状態とする。そして、制御部18は、駆動部17を作動させ、閉塞体16を下方に傾動させて、閉塞体16が滞留状態の破砕対象物80に対し上側から接触可能となる、破砕室近傍位置に達した状態とする。 Specifically, the control unit 18 causes the crushing object 80 to slip with respect to the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12, even though the moving tooth 12 is moving with respect to the immovable tooth 11. When the state in which the crushing object 80 cannot be crushed and the crushing object 80 stays is determined in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the operation of the feeder 63 is stopped and a new crushing object 80 is not charged. Then, the control unit 18 operates the drive unit 17 and tilts the obstructed body 16 downward to reach a position near the crushing chamber where the obstructed body 16 can come into contact with the crushed object 80 in the stagnant state from above. It is in the state of being.

合わせて、制御部18は、トッグルブロック15の調整用機構15aを制御して、トッグルブロック15が動歯12を不動歯11から離す向きに所定量移動するように、調整用機構15aを作動させる。テンションロッド30による支持で、スイングジョー13とトッグルプレート14一端部との当接状態、及び、トッグルプレート14他端部とトッグルブロック15との当接状態が維持されるため、トッグルブロック15の移動(位置調整)に連動してスイングジョー13も不動歯から離れる向きに移動する。こうして、不動歯11と動歯12との間の隙間が大きくなる。 At the same time, the control unit 18 controls the adjustment mechanism 15a of the toggle block 15 to operate the adjustment mechanism 15a so that the toggle block 15 moves the moving tooth 12 in a direction away from the immovable tooth 11 by a predetermined amount. .. Support by the tension rod 30 maintains the contact state between the swing jaw 13 and one end of the toggle plate 14 and the contact state between the other end of the toggle plate 14 and the toggle block 15, so that the toggle block 15 moves. The swing jaw 13 also moves away from the immovable tooth in conjunction with (position adjustment). In this way, the gap between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12 becomes large.

この状態では、閉塞体16が破砕対象物80の上側に接して、破砕対象物80の上への動きを拘束することで、破砕対象物80が破砕室19へ入り込んだ位置から上に逃げないこととなり、破砕対象物80を不動歯11と動歯12との間に挟んだ状態で保持できる。 In this state, the obstructed body 16 comes into contact with the upper side of the crushing object 80 and restrains the movement of the crushing object 80 upward, so that the crushing object 80 does not escape upward from the position where it has entered the crushing chamber 19. Therefore, the object to be crushed 80 can be held in a state of being sandwiched between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12.

また、不動歯11と動歯12との間の隙間を大きくした状態では、破砕対象物80が破砕室の奥側となる下方へより一層入り込むこととなり、位置関係の変化に基づいて、動歯12と不動歯11との間から破砕対象物80が離脱しにくくなり、より確実に破砕のための力を破砕対象物80に加えることができる。 Further, in a state where the gap between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12 is increased, the crushing object 80 enters further downward, which is the inner side of the crushing chamber, and the moving tooth is based on the change in the positional relationship. The crushing object 80 is less likely to separate from between the 12 and the immovable tooth 11, and a force for crushing can be more reliably applied to the crushing object 80.

こうして、滞留していた破砕対象物80を不動歯11と動歯12との間で破砕でき、破砕対象物80の破砕が滞る状態が解消することとなる。
滞留していた破砕対象物80の破砕が済んだら、制御部18は閉塞体16を上方へ傾動させ、閉塞体一端部16aが前記第三の位置に位置して、閉塞体16が破砕対象物80の破砕室19への進入経路を塞がず、破砕対象物80を破砕室19に投入可能な状態(図4参照)に復帰させる。
In this way, the stagnant crushing object 80 can be crushed between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12, and the state in which the crushing target 80 is delayed is eliminated.
After crushing the stagnant crushing object 80, the control unit 18 tilts the obstructed body 16 upward, the one end portion 16a of the obstructed body is located at the third position, and the obstructed body 16 is the crushed object. The entry path of the 80 to the crushing chamber 19 is not blocked, and the crushing object 80 is returned to a state where it can be put into the crushing chamber 19 (see FIG. 4).

一方、制御部18はあらためて調整用機構15aを作動させて、トッグルブロック15をスイングジョー13のある側に移動させる。移動手段16によりトッグルブロック15が移動すると、トッグルプレート14を介してスイングジョー13が押されて不動歯11側に移動する。こうしてトッグルブロック15を動かして動歯12を不動歯11に近付ける向きに動かして、最終的に動歯12と不動歯11との間の隙間が、あらかじめ設定された所望の破砕後粒度に対応する元の隙間値になると、調整用機構15aを制御してトッグルブロック15を停止させる。トッグルブロック15の移動停止により、スイングジョー13及び動歯12の位置が定まり、目標の粒度に対応した隙間への再調整が完了となる。
この後、フィーダ63の作動を再開させて、破砕対象物80を破砕室19に投入することで、通常の破砕状態に移行する。
On the other hand, the control unit 18 operates the adjustment mechanism 15a again to move the toggle block 15 to the side where the swing jaw 13 is located. When the toggle block 15 is moved by the moving means 16, the swing jaw 13 is pushed through the toggle plate 14 and moves to the immovable tooth 11 side. In this way, the toggle block 15 is moved to move the moving tooth 12 closer to the immovable tooth 11, and finally the gap between the moving tooth 12 and the immovable tooth 11 corresponds to a preset desired post-crushing particle size. When the original clearance value is reached, the adjustment mechanism 15a is controlled to stop the toggle block 15. By stopping the movement of the toggle block 15, the positions of the swing jaw 13 and the moving tooth 12 are fixed, and the readjustment to the gap corresponding to the target particle size is completed.
After that, the operation of the feeder 63 is restarted, and the crushing object 80 is put into the crushing chamber 19, so that the normal crushing state is entered.

このように本実施形態に係る破砕装置においては、装置の稼働状態で、破砕対象物80の滞留状態を検出した場合には、閉塞体16を動かして破砕対象物80の上方への動きを拘束すると共に、動歯12を位置調整して不動歯11と動歯12との間隔を大きくし、破砕対象物80が破砕室19により進入しやすくすることから、破砕対象物80を確実に不動歯11と動歯12との間に位置させて、破砕対象物80を不動歯11と動歯12で挟持して力を加えられ、破砕対象物80を不動歯11と動歯12との間から逃すことなく破砕を実行でき、破砕対象物80の破砕が滑りで滞る状態をスムーズに解消できる。 As described above, in the crushing apparatus according to the present embodiment, when the retention state of the crushing object 80 is detected in the operating state of the apparatus, the closing body 16 is moved to restrain the upward movement of the crushing object 80. At the same time, the position of the moving tooth 12 is adjusted to increase the distance between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12, and the crushing object 80 can easily enter the crushing chamber 19, so that the crushing object 80 is surely made into the immovable tooth. A force is applied by sandwiching the crushing object 80 between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12 so as to be located between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12, and the crushing object 80 is placed between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12. The crushing can be performed without missing, and the state in which the crushing of the crushing object 80 is stagnant due to slipping can be smoothly eliminated.

なお、前記実施形態に係る破砕装置においては、破砕対象物80の滞留状態を検出した場合に、閉塞体16を下方に傾動させると共に、不動歯11と動歯12との間の隙間を大きくして、破砕を実行する構成としているが、この他に、不動歯11と動歯12との間の隙間を大きくするのに代えて、又は、隙間を大きくするのと同時に、制御部18の制御でモータ40の出力回転数を抑えてスイングジョー13の作動速度を遅くし、動歯12と不動歯11との間に、滑りやすい破砕対象物80をより確実に挟持可能な構成とすることもできる。 In the crushing apparatus according to the embodiment, when the retention state of the crushing object 80 is detected, the obstructed body 16 is tilted downward and the gap between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12 is increased. In addition to this, instead of increasing the gap between the immovable tooth 11 and the moving tooth 12, or at the same time as increasing the gap, the control unit 18 is controlled. It is also possible to suppress the output rotation speed of the motor 40 to slow down the operating speed of the swing jaw 13 so that the slippery crushing object 80 can be more reliably sandwiched between the moving tooth 12 and the immovable tooth 11. can.

この場合も、破砕対象物80を不動歯11と動歯12で挟持して適切に力を加えられ、破砕対象物80を不動歯11と動歯12との間から逃すことなく破砕を実行できる。
滞留していた破砕対象物80の破砕が済んだ後、制御部18はモータ40の出力回転数を元に戻すようにすれば、通常の破砕状態に移行後は破砕対象物80を効率よく破砕できることとなる。
Also in this case, the crushing object 80 is sandwiched between the immovable teeth 11 and the moving teeth 12 and an appropriate force is applied, and the crushing object 80 can be crushed without missing between the immovable teeth 11 and the moving teeth 12. ..
If the control unit 18 returns the output rotation speed of the motor 40 to the original value after the accumulated crushing object 80 has been crushed, the crushing object 80 can be efficiently crushed after shifting to the normal crushing state. You will be able to do it.

1 破砕装置
10 本体フレーム
11 不動歯
12 動歯
13 スイングジョー
14 トッグルプレート
15 トッグルブロック
15a 調整用機構
16 閉塞体
16a 一端部
17 駆動部
18 制御部
19 破砕室
20 回転軸
21 偏心軸
30 テンションロッド
40 モータ
60 車体
61 走行台車部
62 ホッパ
63 フィーダ
64 搬送用コンベヤ
80 破砕対象物
1 Crushing device 10 Main body frame 11 Immovable tooth 12 Moving tooth 13 Swing jaw 14 Toggle plate 15 Toggle block 15a Adjustment mechanism 16 Blocker 16a One end 17 Drive unit 18 Control unit 19 Crushing chamber 20 Rotating shaft 21 Eccentric shaft 30 Tension rod 40 Motor 60 Body 61 Traveling bogie 62 Hopper 63 Feeder 64 Conveyor conveyor 80 Object to be crushed

Claims (4)

本体フレームに固定された不動歯と、当該不動歯に対向させて所定範囲移動可能に配設される動歯とを少なくとも備え、不動歯と動歯との間の空間である破砕室に破砕対象物を投入され、不動歯と動歯で破砕対象物を挟んで破砕する破砕装置において、
前記破砕室の上方にあたる所定箇所で、少なくとも一部を上下方向に移動可能として本体フレームに支持される閉塞体と、
当該閉塞体に一部を連結させて配設され、前記閉塞体の少なくとも一部を、破砕室への破砕対象物投入を妨げない第一の位置と、当該第一の位置より破砕室寄りの第二の位置との間で上下に移動させるように閉塞体を動かす駆動部とを備え、
前記破砕室の入口付近で、破砕対象物が破砕されずに滞留する状態を検出可能とされ、
前記閉塞体が、前記閉塞体の少なくとも一部が前記第二の位置にある状態では、前記本体フレームに対し、人の上方からの破砕室への進入を許容しない配置状態にあり、
前記駆動部が、破砕対象物の滞留状態が検出されると、前記閉塞体の少なくとも一部が滞留状態の破砕対象物に対し上側から接触可能となる破砕室近傍位置に達するまで、閉塞体を動かすようにされることを
特徴とする破砕装置。
It is provided with at least an immovable tooth fixed to the main body frame and a moving tooth arranged so as to be movable within a predetermined range facing the immovable tooth, and is to be crushed in a crushing chamber which is a space between the immovable tooth and the moving tooth. In a crushing device in which an object is thrown in and the object to be crushed is sandwiched between the immovable teeth and the moving teeth and crushed.
An obstructed body that is supported by the main body frame so that at least a part of it can move up and down at a predetermined location above the crushing chamber.
A part of the closed body is connected to the closed body, and at least a part of the closed body is placed in a first position that does not prevent the object to be crushed into the crushing chamber and a position closer to the crushing chamber than the first position. It is equipped with a drive unit that moves the obstruction body so that it can be moved up and down with and from the second position.
It is possible to detect a state in which the object to be crushed stays without being crushed near the entrance of the crushing chamber.
When the obstructed body is in a state where at least a part of the obstructed body is in the second position, the obstructed body is in an arranged state in which the main body frame is not allowed to enter the crushing chamber from above by a person.
When the driving unit detects the stagnant state of the crushed object, the closed body is held until at least a part of the closed body reaches a position near the crushing chamber where the crushed object in the stagnant state can be contacted from above. A crusher characterized by being made to move .
前記請求項1に記載の破砕装置において、
前記閉塞体が、前記閉塞体の少なくとも一部が前記第一の位置又は第一の位置と第二の位置との間の所定位置にある状態で、破砕室に通じる本体フレーム上部の開口部分を、外部に対し閉じるようにされることを
特徴とする破砕装置。
In the crushing apparatus according to claim 1,
With the obstructed body in a state where at least a part of the obstructed body is in a predetermined position between the first position or the first position and the second position, the opening portion of the upper part of the main body frame leading to the crushing chamber is opened. A crusher characterized by being closed to the outside.
前記請求項1又は2に記載の破砕装置において、
前記閉塞体が、上下方向に傾動可能として本体フレームに取り付けられ、傾動中心位置から離れた端部を、破砕室から離れた前記第一の位置から破砕室近くの前記第二の位置までの範囲で上下に移動させるように駆動部と連結されることを
特徴とする破砕装置。
In the crushing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
The obstructed body is attached to the main body frame so as to be tiltable in the vertical direction, and the end portion away from the tilting center position is in a range from the first position away from the crushing chamber to the second position near the crushing chamber. A crushing device characterized by being connected to a drive unit so that it can be moved up and down.
前記請求項に記載の破砕装置において、
前記動歯が、破砕対象物の滞留状態が検出されると、対向する不動歯との間隔を大きくするように位置調整されることを
特徴とする破砕装置。
In the crushing apparatus according to claim 1 ,
A crushing device characterized in that when the staying state of an object to be crushed is detected, the moving tooth is position-adjusted so as to increase the distance from the facing immovable tooth .
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001062318A (en) 1999-08-24 2001-03-13 Teruo Mori Concrete mass charging device for jaw crusher
JP2004248702A (en) 2003-02-18 2004-09-09 Udono Iki:Kk Apparatus for shredding and sterilizing carcass
JP2005021747A (en) 2003-06-30 2005-01-27 Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd Self-propelled crusher
JP2007268396A (en) 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Komatsu Ltd Jaw crusher
JP2007301500A (en) 2006-05-12 2007-11-22 Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd Crusher

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JPH051315Y2 (en) * 1985-08-01 1993-01-13
JPS63118490A (en) * 1986-11-04 1988-05-23 株式会社郷鉄工所 Crusher with safety device having automatic set adjusting mechanism
MX170082B (en) * 1987-11-16 1993-08-06 Kue Ken Corp A SIMPLE OSCILLATING MANDIBULA CRUSHING APPARATUS WITH AN UNCLOGGED POSITION OPENING
JPH05184959A (en) * 1992-01-09 1993-07-27 Risaikuru Kyodo Kumiai Jaw crusher
JPH08196934A (en) * 1995-01-30 1996-08-06 Kobelco Kenki Eng Kk Safety device for construction waste material crusher
KR20050019992A (en) * 2003-08-20 2005-03-04 연 근 박 Jaw Crushers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001062318A (en) 1999-08-24 2001-03-13 Teruo Mori Concrete mass charging device for jaw crusher
JP2004248702A (en) 2003-02-18 2004-09-09 Udono Iki:Kk Apparatus for shredding and sterilizing carcass
JP2005021747A (en) 2003-06-30 2005-01-27 Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd Self-propelled crusher
JP2007268396A (en) 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Komatsu Ltd Jaw crusher
JP2007301500A (en) 2006-05-12 2007-11-22 Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd Crusher

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