JP7011023B2 - Liquid lead-acid battery - Google Patents

Liquid lead-acid battery Download PDF

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JP7011023B2
JP7011023B2 JP2020199029A JP2020199029A JP7011023B2 JP 7011023 B2 JP7011023 B2 JP 7011023B2 JP 2020199029 A JP2020199029 A JP 2020199029A JP 2020199029 A JP2020199029 A JP 2020199029A JP 7011023 B2 JP7011023 B2 JP 7011023B2
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篤志 佐藤
智史 柴田
有一 赤阪
真也 菅
洋輔 増田
一真 若梅
恭貴 齋藤
優樹 久保
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Furukawa Battery Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、液式鉛蓄電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a liquid lead-acid battery.

近年の環境問題の深刻化に伴い、自動車等の排出ガス規制は世界的に厳しくなっている。この規制に対応するため、自動車メーカーは様々な環境技術を開発してきた。その環境技術としては、停車時に一時的にエンジンを停止させるアイドリングストップシステム(Idling Stop System、以下、「ISS」と表記する。)が知られている。ISSを搭載した内燃自動車(以下、「ISS車」と表記する。)は、信号待ち等で停車した際のアイドリングによる燃料の消費を抑制できるため、燃費が向上し更に排出ガス量も低減できる。 With the seriousness of environmental problems in recent years, emission regulations for automobiles and the like have become stricter worldwide. To comply with this regulation, automobile manufacturers have developed various environmental technologies. As the environmental technology, an idling stop system (Idling Stop System, hereinafter referred to as "ISS") that temporarily stops the engine when the vehicle is stopped is known. An internal combustion vehicle equipped with an ISS (hereinafter referred to as an "ISS vehicle") can suppress fuel consumption due to idling when the vehicle is stopped at a traffic light or the like, so that fuel efficiency can be improved and the amount of exhaust gas can be reduced.

ISS車用の液式鉛蓄電池は、エンジンが頻繁に停止と始動を繰り返すため、完全な充電状態ではない部分充電状態(Partial State of Charge、「PSOC」とも称される。)で充電と放電とが繰り返される。ISS車の液式鉛蓄電池は、充電率が90%より高いと、充電受入性が低くなって回生エネルギーの利用効率が低下するため、充電率が80%~90%の部分充電状態で使用されることが望ましいとされている。 Liquid lead-acid batteries for ISS vehicles are charged and discharged in a partially charged state (Partial State of Charge, also referred to as "PSOC"), which is not a fully charged state because the engine frequently stops and starts. Is repeated. Liquid lead-acid batteries for ISS vehicles are used in a partially charged state with a charge rate of 80% to 90% because if the charge rate is higher than 90%, the charge acceptance becomes low and the utilization efficiency of regenerative energy decreases. It is said that it is desirable.

液式鉛蓄電池の劣化要因の一つである電解液の成層化は、電槽内の上部と下部とで電解液の濃度差が生じる現象であり、80%~90%の部分充電状態を維持する様に制御して液式鉛蓄電池を使用する際に発生し易い。電解液の濃度が小さい上部では、負極板表面に金属鉛の樹枝状結晶(デンドライト)が析出・成長して、内部短絡が生じやすくなる。一方、電解液の濃度が大きい下部では、高濃度の電解液により、負極板表面で不導体の硫酸鉛が肥大化するサルフェーションが生じやすくなる。 Stratification of the electrolytic solution, which is one of the deterioration factors of the liquid lead-acid battery, is a phenomenon in which the concentration difference of the electrolytic solution occurs between the upper part and the lower part in the battery case, and the partially charged state of 80% to 90% is maintained. It tends to occur when using a liquid lead-acid battery by controlling it so that it does. In the upper part where the concentration of the electrolytic solution is low, dendritic crystals (dendrites) of metallic lead are deposited and grown on the surface of the negative electrode plate, and an internal short circuit is likely to occur. On the other hand, in the lower part where the concentration of the electrolytic solution is high, the high concentration electrolytic solution tends to cause sulfation in which the non-conductor lead sulfate is enlarged on the surface of the negative electrode plate.

サルフェーションが生じると、負極活物質からの硫酸の放出が抑制されるため、負極板下部の充電受け入れ性が低下する。負極板下部の充電受け入れ性が低下すると、主に負極板上部で充放電反応が進行する様になるため、負極板上部と対向する正極板上部の正極活物質の軟化や、集電体である鉛合金からなる基板の腐食が進行し、液式鉛蓄電池が早期に寿命を迎えることになる。 When sulfation occurs, the release of sulfuric acid from the negative electrode active material is suppressed, so that the charge acceptability of the lower part of the negative electrode plate is lowered. When the charge acceptability of the lower part of the negative electrode plate is lowered, the charge / discharge reaction mainly proceeds in the upper part of the negative electrode plate. Corrosion of the substrate made of lead alloy progresses, and the liquid lead-acid battery reaches the end of its life at an early stage.

電解液の成層化を抑制する技術に関しては、例えば特許文献1に記載された技術が挙げられる。
特許文献1には、充電時に発生する気体による電解液の攪拌作用をより有効に利用して、成層化を抑制するために、極板群を収容する収容空間とは別に、収容空間の上部及び下部に連通する連通流路を設けることが記載されている。これにより、充電時に、極板群により発生する気体の上昇に伴う電解液の上方向への流れが収容空間内で発生し、これに対応する下方向への流れが連通流路内で発生するため、電槽内で電解液の対流が効果的に発生することで、電解液の攪拌作用を高めて成層化を抑制することができると記載されている。
As a technique for suppressing the stratification of the electrolytic solution, for example, the technique described in Patent Document 1 can be mentioned.
In Patent Document 1, in order to more effectively utilize the stirring action of the electrolytic solution by the gas generated during charging and suppress stratification, the upper part of the accommodation space and the accommodation space for accommodating the electrode plates are separately described. It is described that a communication flow path for communication is provided at the lower part. As a result, during charging, an upward flow of the electrolytic solution due to the rise of the gas generated by the electrode plates is generated in the accommodation space, and a corresponding downward flow is generated in the convection flow path. Therefore, it is described that the effective convection of the electrolytic solution in the electric tank enhances the stirring action of the electrolytic solution and suppresses stratification.

一方、液式鉛蓄電池は、正極集電体に正極合剤が保持された正極板と、負極集電体に負極合剤が保持された負極板を備えている。正極集電体および負極集電体は、例えば特許文献2の図1に示すように、長方形の格子状基板と格子状基板に連続する耳とを有する。格子状基板は、格子状基板を成す長方形の一辺に沿う上部骨と、上部骨に接続されて上部骨より下方に存在する複数本の中骨と、を有する。耳は、上部骨の一辺の中心から一方にずれた位置から上側に突出している。
しかし、特許文献1および2には、充放電時の極板の電位分布と電解液の攪拌作用との関係についての記載はない。
On the other hand, the liquid lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode plate in which a positive electrode mixture is held in a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode plate in which a negative electrode mixture is held in a negative electrode current collector. The positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector have a rectangular grid-like substrate and continuous ears on the grid-like substrate, as shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 2, for example. The grid-like substrate has an upper bone along one side of a rectangle forming the grid-like substrate, and a plurality of middle bones connected to the upper bone and located below the upper bone. The ear protrudes upward from a position offset from the center of one side of the upper bone to one side.
However, Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not describe the relationship between the potential distribution of the electrode plate during charging and discharging and the stirring action of the electrolytic solution.

特開2015-176659号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-176659 特許第3452171号公報Japanese Patent No. 3452171

本発明の課題は、部分充電状態で使用される場合であっても、充電時に生じるガスによる攪拌作用で電解液の成層化が抑制される、新規な液式鉛蓄電池を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a novel liquid lead-acid battery in which stratification of an electrolytic solution is suppressed by the stirring action of a gas generated during charging even when the battery is used in a partially charged state.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明の第一態様の液式鉛蓄電池は下記の構成(1)~(4)を有することを要旨とする。
(1)正極集電体および正極合剤を有する正極板と、負極集電体および負極合剤を有する負極板とが、セパレータを介して交互に積層された極板群を備えた液式鉛蓄電池である。正極集電体は、長方形の格子状基板と前記格子状基板に連続する耳とを有し、格子状基板に正極合剤が保持されている。格子状基板は、格子状基板を成す長方形の一辺に沿う上部骨と、上部骨に接続されて上部骨より下方に存在する複数本の中骨と、を有する。耳は、上部骨の一辺の中心から一方にずれた位置から上側に突出する。
In order to solve the above problems, it is a gist that the liquid lead-acid battery of the first aspect of the present invention has the following configurations (1) to (4).
(1) Liquid lead having a group of electrode plates in which a positive electrode plate having a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture and a negative electrode plate having a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture are alternately laminated via a separator. It is a storage battery. The positive electrode current collector has a rectangular grid-like substrate and a continuous ear on the grid-like substrate, and the positive electrode mixture is held on the grid-like substrate. The grid-like substrate has an upper bone along one side of a rectangle forming the grid-like substrate, and a plurality of middle bones connected to the upper bone and located below the upper bone. The ear protrudes upward from a position offset from the center of one side of the upper bone to one side.

(2)正極集電体を、格子状基板を成す長方形の上記一方の側の角を通る対角線に沿って切断して生じる分割体のうち、耳が存在する分割体は、耳の上部骨との境界線上の中心点Pを通り上部骨に垂直な基準線Kにより、第一の部分と第二の部分に区分され、第一の部分は第二の部分よりも面積が大きい。 (2) Of the divisions formed by cutting the positive current collector along the diagonal line passing through the corner on one side of the rectangle forming the grid-like substrate, the division in which the ear exists is the upper bone of the ear. It is divided into a first part and a second part by a reference line K passing through the center point P on the boundary line and perpendicular to the upper bone, and the first part has a larger area than the second part.

(3)x軸およびy軸が共に線形目盛である座標平面に、第一の部分における、複数本の中骨の各切断面Cnと中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値Rnをy座標、各切断面Cnの中心点と中心点Pとの各距離Xnをx座標としてなされた全てのプロットが、x=Hを交点として傾きが異なる二本の直線に近似でき、x<Hとなる各距離Xnでの各抵抗値Rnの平均値Aと、x≧Hとなる各距離Xnでの各抵抗値Rnの平均値Bと、による比A/Bが、0.35以上0.55以下である。
なお、上述の「直線に近似でき」とは、複数のプロットを最小二乗法で直線回帰した場合の相関係数ρの絶対値|ρ|が0.90以上であることを意味する。また、「傾きが異なる二本の直線」とは、二本の直線の傾きa1,a2(a1>a2)の比(a1/a2)が1.3以上であることを意味する。
(3) In the coordinate plane where both the x-axis and the y-axis are linear scales, the y-coordinates are the resistance values Rn between each cut surface Cn of the plurality of central bones and the center point P in the first part. All plots made with each distance Xn between the center point of each cut plane Cn and the center point P as the x coordinate can be approximated to two straight lines having different slopes with x = H as the intersection, and x <H. When the ratio A / B by the average value A of each resistance value Rn at the distance Xn and the average value B of each resistance value Rn at each distance Xn where x ≧ H is 0.35 or more and 0.55 or less. be.
The above-mentioned "approximate to a straight line" means that the absolute value | ρ | of the correlation coefficient ρ when a plurality of plots are linearly regressed by the least squares method is 0.90 or more. Further, "two straight lines having different slopes" means that the ratio (a1 / a2) of the slopes a1 and a2 (a1> a2) of the two straight lines is 1.3 or more.

(4)正極合剤は、α-二酸化鉛およびβ-二酸化鉛を含み、α-二酸化鉛の質量αとβ-二酸化鉛の質量βの合計質量(α+β)に対するα-二酸化鉛の質量αの割合「α/(α+β)」が15%以上40%以下である。なお、この値は、充電率が100%の状態の液式鉛蓄電池の正極板を完全乾燥させたものから分離した正極合剤を分析して測定した値である。 (4) The positive electrode mixture contains α-lead dioxide and β-lead dioxide, and the mass α of α-lead dioxide with respect to the total mass (α + β) of the mass α of α-lead dioxide and the mass β of β-lead dioxide. The ratio "α / (α + β)" is 15% or more and 40% or less. It should be noted that this value is a value measured by analyzing a positive electrode mixture separated from a completely dried positive electrode plate of a liquid lead-acid battery in a state where the charge rate is 100%.

本発明によれば、部分充電状態で使用される場合であっても、充電時に生じるガスによる攪拌作用で電解液の成層化が抑制される、新規な液式鉛蓄電池を提供できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a novel liquid lead-acid battery in which stratification of the electrolytic solution is suppressed by the stirring action of the gas generated during charging even when the battery is used in a partially charged state.

第一実施形態の液式鉛蓄電池が有する正極板を構成する正極集電体を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the positive electrode current collector which constitutes the positive electrode plate which the liquid type lead storage battery of 1st Embodiment has. 図1の正極集電体を、格子状基板を成す長方形の一方の側の角を通る対角線に沿って切断して生じる、耳が存在する分割体を示す正面図である。FIG. 3 is a front view showing a split body having ears, which is formed by cutting a positive electrode current collector of FIG. 1 along a diagonal line passing through a corner on one side of a rectangle forming a grid-like substrate. 第二実施形態の液式鉛蓄電池が有する正極板を構成する正極集電体を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the positive electrode current collector which constitutes the positive electrode plate which the liquid type lead storage battery of the 2nd Embodiment has. 図3の正極集電体を、格子状基板を成す長方形の一方の側の角を通る対角線に沿って切断して生じる、耳が存在する分割体を示す正面図である。FIG. 3 is a front view showing a split body having ears, which is formed by cutting a positive electrode current collector of FIG. 3 along a diagonal line passing through a corner on one side of a rectangle forming a grid-like substrate. 実施例で作製したサンプルNo.1について得られた、正極集電体の第一の部分における、複数本の中骨の各切断面Cnと耳の中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値Rnと、各切断面Cnの中心点と耳の中心点Pとの各距離Xnと、の関係を示すグラフである。The resistance value Rn between each cut surface Cn of the plurality of middle bones and the center point P of the ear in the first part of the positive electrode current collector obtained for the sample No. 1 prepared in the example. , Is a graph showing the relationship between each distance Xn between the center point of each cut surface Cn and the center point P of the ear. 実施例で作製したサンプルNo.2について得られた、正極集電体の第一の部分における、複数本の中骨の各切断面Cnと耳の中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値Rnと、各切断面Cnの中心点と耳の中心点Pとの各距離Xnと、の関係を示すグラフである。The resistance value Rn between each cut surface Cn of the plurality of middle bones and the center point P of the ear in the first part of the positive electrode current collector obtained for the sample No. 2 prepared in the example. , Is a graph showing the relationship between each distance Xn between the center point of each cut surface Cn and the center point P of the ear. 実施例で作製したサンプルNo.3について得られた、正極集電体の第一の部分における、複数本の中骨の各切断面Cnと耳の中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値Rnと、各切断面Cnの中心点と耳の中心点Pとの各距離Xnと、の関係を示すグラフである。The resistance value Rn between each cut surface Cn of the plurality of middle bones and the center point P of the ear in the first part of the positive electrode current collector obtained for the sample No. 3 prepared in the example. , Is a graph showing the relationship between each distance Xn between the center point of each cut surface Cn and the center point P of the ear. 実施例で作製したサンプルNo.4について得られた、正極集電体の第一の部分における、複数本の中骨の各切断面Cnと耳の中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値Rnと、各切断面Cnの中心点と耳の中心点Pとの各距離Xnと、の関係を示すグラフである。The resistance value Rn between each cut surface Cn of the plurality of middle bones and the center point P of the ear in the first part of the positive electrode current collector obtained for the sample No. 4 prepared in the example. , Is a graph showing the relationship between each distance Xn between the center point of each cut surface Cn and the center point P of the ear. 実施例で作製したサンプルNo.5について得られた、正極集電体の第一の部分における、複数本の中骨の各切断面Cnと耳の中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値Rnと、各切断面Cnの中心点と耳の中心点Pとの各距離Xnと、の関係を示すグラフである。The resistance value Rn between each cut surface Cn of the plurality of middle bones and the center point P of the ear in the first part of the positive electrode current collector obtained for the sample No. 5 prepared in the example. , Is a graph showing the relationship between each distance Xn between the center point of each cut surface Cn and the center point P of the ear. 実施例で作製したサンプルNo.6について得られた、正極集電体の第一の部分における、複数本の中骨の各切断面Cnと耳の中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値Rnと、各切断面Cnの中心点と耳の中心点Pとの各距離Xnと、の関係を示すグラフである。The resistance value Rn between each cut surface Cn of the plurality of middle bones and the center point P of the ear in the first part of the positive electrode current collector obtained for the sample No. 6 prepared in the example. , Is a graph showing the relationship between each distance Xn between the center point of each cut surface Cn and the center point P of the ear. 実施例で作製したサンプルNo.7について得られた、正極集電体の第一の部分における、複数本の中骨の各切断面Cnと耳の中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値Rnと、各切断面Cnの中心点と耳の中心点Pとの各距離Xnと、の関係を示すグラフである。The resistance value Rn between each cut surface Cn of the plurality of middle bones and the center point P of the ear in the first part of the positive electrode current collector obtained for the sample No. 7 prepared in the example. , Is a graph showing the relationship between each distance Xn between the center point of each cut surface Cn and the center point P of the ear. 実施例で行った寿命試験の1サイクルの充放電パターンを示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the charge / discharge pattern of one cycle of the life test performed in an Example.

以下、本発明の実施形態について説明するが、本発明は以下に示す実施形態に限定されない。以下に示す実施形態では、本発明を実施するために技術的に好ましい限定がなされているが、この限定は本発明の必須要件ではない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown below. In the embodiments shown below, technically preferable limitations are made for carrying out the present invention, but these limitations are not essential requirements of the present invention.

[第一実施形態および第二実施形態の液式鉛蓄電池の構成]
第一実施形態および第二実施形態の液式鉛蓄電池は、モノブロックタイプの電槽と、蓋と、六個の極板群とを有する。電槽は、隔壁により六個のセル室に区画されている。六個のセル室は電槽の長手方向に沿って配列されている。各セル室に一個の極板群が配置されている。各セル室に電解液が注入されている。
各極板群は、交互に配置された複数枚の正極板および負極板と、正極板および負極板との間に配置されたセパレータと、からなる積層体を有する。
[Structure of liquid lead-acid batteries of the first embodiment and the second embodiment]
The liquid lead-acid batteries of the first embodiment and the second embodiment include a monoblock type battery case, a lid, and a group of six plates. The battery case is divided into six cell chambers by a partition wall. The six cell chambers are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the battery case. One electrode plate group is arranged in each cell chamber. An electrolytic solution is injected into each cell chamber.
Each electrode plate group has a laminate composed of a plurality of alternately arranged positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates, and separators arranged between the positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates.

正極板は、正極集電体と正極合剤(正極活物質を含む合剤)とを有する。正極集電体は、長方形の格子状基板と、格子状基板に連続する耳とを有し、格子状基板に正極合剤が保持されている。正極合剤は、α-二酸化鉛およびβ-二酸化鉛を含み、α-二酸化鉛の質量αとβ-二酸化鉛の質量βの合計質量(α+β)に対するα-二酸化鉛の質量αの割合「α/(α+β)」が、15%以上40%以下である。この値は、充電率が100%の状態の液式鉛蓄電池の正極板を完全乾燥させたものから分離した正極合剤を、分析して測定した値である。 The positive electrode plate has a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture (a mixture containing a positive electrode active material). The positive electrode current collector has a rectangular grid-like substrate and a continuous ear on the grid-like substrate, and the positive electrode mixture is held on the grid-like substrate. The positive electrode mixture contains α-lead dioxide and β-lead dioxide, and the ratio of the mass α of α-lead dioxide to the total mass (α + β) of the mass α of α-lead dioxide and the mass β of β-lead dioxide “α”. / (Α + β) ”is 15% or more and 40% or less. This value is a value measured by analyzing a positive electrode mixture separated from a completely dried positive electrode plate of a liquid lead-acid battery having a charge rate of 100%.

負極板は、負極集電体と負極合剤(負極活物質を含む合剤)とを有する。負極集電体は、長方形の格子状基板と、格子状基板に連続する耳とを有し、格子状基板に負極合剤が保持されている。複数枚の正極板および負極板は、セパレータを介して交互に配置されている。積層体を構成する負極板の枚数Mは正極板の枚数Mよりも一枚多い。なお、負極板の枚数Mは正極板の枚数Mよりも一枚少なくしてもよいし、同枚数としてもよい。 The negative electrode plate has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture (a mixture containing a negative electrode active material). The negative electrode current collector has a rectangular grid-like substrate and a continuous ear on the grid-like substrate, and the negative electrode mixture is held on the grid-like substrate. A plurality of positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates are alternately arranged via a separator. The number M n of the negative electrode plates constituting the laminated body is one more than the number M p of the positive electrode plates. The number of negative electrode plates M n may be one less than the number M p of positive electrode plates, or may be the same.

負極板は袋状セパレータ内に収納されている。そして、負極板が入った袋状セパレータと正極板とを交互に重ねることで、正極板と負極板との間にセパレータが配置された状態となっている。なお、正極板を袋状セパレータ内に収納して、負極板と交互に重ねてもよい。
また、各極板群は、積層体を構成する複数の正極板および負極板をそれぞれ幅方向の別の位置で連結する正極ストラップおよび負極ストラップと、正極ストラップおよび負極ストラップからそれぞれ立ち上がる正極中間極柱および負極中間極柱と、外部端子となる正極極柱および負極極柱を有する。
The negative electrode plate is housed in a bag-shaped separator. Then, by alternately stacking the bag-shaped separator containing the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate, the separator is arranged between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The positive electrode plate may be stored in the bag-shaped separator and alternately overlapped with the negative electrode plate.
Further, each electrode plate group includes a positive electrode strap and a negative electrode strap that connect a plurality of positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates constituting the laminate at different positions in the width direction, and a positive electrode intermediate pole column that rises from the positive electrode strap and the negative electrode strap, respectively. It also has a negative electrode intermediate pole column, a positive electrode pole pillar and a negative electrode pole pillar as external terminals.

正極ストラップおよび負極ストラップは、複数の正極板および負極板の耳部をそれぞれ連結して固定している。隣接するセル室の正極中間極柱同士および負極中間極柱同士が抵抗溶接されて、隣接するセル間が電気的に直列に接続されている。
正極極柱および負極極柱は、セル配列方向の両端のセル室に配置された正極ストラップおよび負極ストラップに、小片部を介して形成されている。
The positive electrode strap and the negative electrode strap connect and fix the plurality of positive electrode plates and the ears of the negative electrode plates, respectively. The positive electrode intermediate pole columns and the negative electrode intermediate pole columns of the adjacent cell chambers are resistance welded to each other, and the adjacent cells are electrically connected in series.
The positive electrode pole column and the negative electrode pole pillar are formed on the positive electrode strap and the negative electrode strap arranged in the cell chambers at both ends in the cell arrangement direction via a small piece portion.

[第一実施形態の正極集電体]
図1に示すように、第一実施形態の正極集電体1は、長方形の格子状基板11と格子状基板11に連続する耳12とを有し、格子状基板11に正極合剤が保持されている。格子状基板11は、格子状基板11を成す長方形の一辺に沿う上部骨111と、上部骨111に接続されて上部骨111より下方に存在する複数本の中骨112と、を有する。耳12は、上部骨111の一辺の中心から一方(図1の右側)にずれた位置から上側に突出している。
[Positive current collector of the first embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 1, the positive electrode current collector 1 of the first embodiment has a rectangular grid-like substrate 11 and ears 12 continuous to the grid-like substrate 11, and a positive electrode mixture is held on the grid-like substrate 11. Has been done. The grid-like substrate 11 has an upper bone 111 along one side of a rectangle forming the grid-like substrate 11, and a plurality of middle bones 112 connected to the upper bone 111 and located below the upper bone 111. The ear 12 projects upward from a position shifted to one side (right side in FIG. 1) from the center of one side of the upper bone 111.

正極集電体1を、格子状基板11を成す長方形の右側(一方の側)の角を通る対角線Dに沿って切断して生じる分割体のうち、耳が存在する分割体を、図2に示す。この分割体2は、耳12の上部骨111との境界線L上の中心点Pを通り上部骨111に垂直な基準線Kにより、第一の部分21と第二の部分22に区分され、第一の部分21は第二の部分22よりも面積が大きい。 FIG. 2 shows the divided bodies having ears among the divided bodies generated by cutting the positive electrode current collector 1 along the diagonal line D passing through the right (one side) corner of the rectangle forming the grid-like substrate 11. show. The divided body 2 is divided into a first portion 21 and a second portion 22 by a reference line K passing through the center point P on the boundary line L with the upper bone 111 of the ear 12 and perpendicular to the upper bone 111. The first portion 21 has a larger area than the second portion 22.

第一の部分21は、13本の中骨112の切断面を有する。x軸およびy軸が共に線形目盛である座標平面に、13本の各切断面C1~C13と中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値R1~R13をy座標、各切断面C1~C13の中心点と中心点Pとの各距離X1~X13をx座標としてプロットすると、全てのプロットが、x=Hを交点として傾きが異なる二本の直線に近似できる。x<Hとなる各距離Xnでの各抵抗値Rnの平均値Aと、x≧Hとなる各距離Xnでの各抵抗値Rnの平均値Bと、による比A/Bが、0.35以上0.55以下になっている。 The first portion 21 has a cut surface of 13 middle bones 112. On the coordinate plane where both the x-axis and y-axis are linear scales, the resistance values R1 to R13 between the 13 cut planes C1 to C13 and the center point P are the y coordinates, and the center of each cut plane C1 to C13. When the distances X1 to X13 between the point and the center point P are plotted as x-coordinates, all the plots can be approximated to two straight lines having different slopes with x = H as the intersection. The ratio A / B by the average value A of each resistance value Rn at each distance Xn where x <H and the average value B of each resistance value Rn at each distance Xn where x ≧ H is 0.35. It is 0.55 or less.

例えば、寸法S1=115.0mm、寸法S2=110.0mm、寸法S3=100.0mm、寸法S4=45.0mmの場合、中骨112の太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)は全体で同じであって、0.85mm以上1.00mm以下になっている。
正極集電体1は、打ち抜き法、エキスパンド法、重力鋳造法などの通常の方法で得ることができる。
For example, when the dimension S1 = 115.0 mm, the dimension S2 = 110.0 mm, the dimension S3 = 100.0 mm, and the dimension S4 = 45.0 mm, the thickness of the middle bone 112 (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is as a whole. It is the same, and it is 0.85 mm 2 or more and 1.00 mm 2 or less.
The positive electrode current collector 1 can be obtained by a usual method such as a punching method, an expanding method, and a gravity casting method.

[第二実施形態の正極集電体]
図3に示すように、第二実施形態の正極集電体1Aは、長方形の格子状基板11Aと格子状基板11Aに連続する耳12とを有し、格子状基板11Aに正極合剤が保持されている。格子状基板11Aは、格子状基板11Aを成す長方形の一辺に沿う上部骨111と、上部骨111に接続されて上部骨111より下方に存在する複数本の中骨と、を有する。中骨の太さは上下方向の中間位置で変化し、中間位置よりも上側(上部骨111側)の中骨112aは、中間位置よりも下側の中骨112bの太さよりも細い。
耳12は、上部骨111の一辺の中心から一方(図3の右側)にずれた位置から上側に突出している。
[Positive current collector of the second embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 3, the positive electrode current collector 1A of the second embodiment has a rectangular grid-like substrate 11A and an ear 12 continuous to the grid-like substrate 11A, and the positive electrode mixture is held by the grid-like substrate 11A. Has been done. The grid-like substrate 11A has an upper bone 111 along one side of a rectangle forming the grid-like substrate 11A, and a plurality of middle bones connected to the upper bone 111 and located below the upper bone 111. The thickness of the middle bone changes at the intermediate position in the vertical direction, and the middle bone 112a above the intermediate position (upper bone 111 side) is thinner than the thickness of the middle bone 112b below the intermediate position.
The ear 12 projects upward from a position shifted to one side (right side in FIG. 3) from the center of one side of the upper bone 111.

正極集電体1Aを、格子状基板11Aを成す長方形の右側(一方の側)の角を通る対角線Dに沿って切断して生じる分割体のうち、耳が存在する分割体を、図4に示す。この分割体2Aは、耳12の上部骨111との境界線L上の中心点Pを通り上部骨111に垂直な基準線Kにより、第一の部分21Aと第二の部分22Aに区分され、第一の部分21Aは第二の部分22Aよりも面積が大きい。 FIG. 4 shows the divided bodies having ears among the divided bodies generated by cutting the positive electrode current collector 1A along the diagonal line D passing through the right (one side) corner of the rectangle forming the grid substrate 11A. show. The divided body 2A is divided into a first portion 21A and a second portion 22A by a reference line K passing through the center point P on the boundary line L with the upper bone 111 of the ear 12 and perpendicular to the upper bone 111. The first portion 21A has a larger area than the second portion 22A.

第一の部分21Aは、13本の中骨の切断面を有する。切断面C1~C5は中骨112aの切断面であり、切断面C6~C13は中骨112bの切断面である。x軸およびy軸が共に線形目盛である座標平面に、13本の各切断面C1~C13と中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値R1~R13をy座標、各切断面C1~C13の中心点と中心点Pとの各距離X1~X13をx座標としてプロットすると、全てのプロットが、x=Hを交点として傾きが異なる二本の直線に近似できる。x<Hとなる各距離Xnでの各抵抗値Rnの平均値Aと、x≧Hとなる各距離Xnでの各抵抗値Rnの平均値Bと、による比A/Bが、0.35以上0.55以下になっている。 The first portion 21A has 13 cut surfaces of the middle bone. The cut surfaces C1 to C5 are the cut surfaces of the middle bone 112a, and the cut surfaces C6 to C13 are the cut surfaces of the middle bone 112b. On the coordinate plane where both the x-axis and y-axis are linear scales, the resistance values R1 to R13 between the 13 cut planes C1 to C13 and the center point P are y-coordinates, and the center of each cut plane C1 to C13. When the distances X1 to X13 between the point and the center point P are plotted as x-coordinates, all the plots can be approximated to two straight lines having different slopes with x = H as the intersection. The ratio A / B by the average value A of each resistance value Rn at each distance Xn where x <H and the average value B of each resistance value Rn at each distance Xn where x ≧ H is 0.35. It is 0.55 or less.

例えば、寸法S1=115.0mm、寸法S2=110.0mm、寸法S3=100.0mm、寸法S4=45.0mmの場合、中骨112aの太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)が0.75mm以上0.85mm以下、中骨112bの太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)が1.15mm以上1.25mm以下になっている。
正極集電体1Aは、打ち抜き法、エキスパンド法、重力鋳造法などの通常の方法で得ることができる。
For example, when the dimension S1 = 115.0 mm, the dimension S2 = 110.0 mm, the dimension S3 = 100.0 mm, and the dimension S4 = 45.0 mm, the thickness of the middle bone 112a (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is 0. 75 mm 2 or more and 0.85 mm 2 or less, and the thickness of the middle bone 112b (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is 1.15 mm 2 or more and 1.25 mm 2 or less.
The positive electrode current collector 1A can be obtained by a usual method such as a punching method, an expanding method, and a gravity casting method.

[正極合剤のα/(α+β)]
上述のように、第一実施形態および第二実施形態の液式鉛蓄電池は、正極合剤(化成後)がα-二酸化鉛およびβ-二酸化鉛を含み、α-二酸化鉛の質量αとβ-二酸化鉛の質量βの合計質量(α+β)に対するα-二酸化鉛の質量αの割合「α/(α+β)」が15%以上40%以下である。
正極合剤のα/(α+β)は、化成時間や電解液の硫酸濃度を変えること等で調整できる。また、例えば、化成前の正極板を作製する際に、集電体に塗布する混練物に添加する四塩基性硫酸鉛の含有率を調整し、電槽化成で、集電体に保持された状態の鉛粉が正極活物質に変化する際に「α/(α+β)」が15%以上40%以下となるようにしてもよい。
また、正極合剤のα/(α+β)は、公知の方法で求めることができる。例えば、化成後の正極合剤を集電体から取り出して粉末状にし、X線回折(XRD)装置にかけてチャートを得、α-二酸化鉛とβ-二酸化鉛のピーク強度比に基づいて求めることができる。
[Α / (α + β) of positive electrode mixture]
As described above, in the liquid lead-acid batteries of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the positive electrode mixture (after chemical conversion) contains α-lead dioxide and β-lead dioxide, and the masses α and β of α-lead dioxide. -The ratio of α-lead dioxide mass α to the total mass β of lead dioxide mass β “α / (α + β)” is 15% or more and 40% or less.
The α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture can be adjusted by changing the chemical conversion time or the sulfuric acid concentration of the electrolytic solution. Further, for example, the content of the tetrabasic lead sulfate added to the kneaded material applied to the current collector was adjusted when the positive electrode plate before the chemical conversion was produced, and the positive electrode plate was retained in the current collector by the electric tank chemical formation. When the lead powder in the state changes to the positive electrode active material, “α / (α + β)” may be 15% or more and 40% or less.
Further, α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture can be obtained by a known method. For example, the positive electrode mixture after chemical conversion can be taken out from the current collector, powdered, subjected to an X-ray diffraction (XRD) apparatus to obtain a chart, and obtained based on the peak intensity ratio of α-lead dioxide and β-lead dioxide. can.

[作用、効果]
液式鉛蓄電池が有する正極集電体の比A/Bが小さいほど、充電時に正極板の下部が上部よりも分極しやすくなるため、下部からのガス発生が促進されることで、部分充電状態であっても電解液の攪拌作用が得られる。しかし、比A/Bが0.35未満の場合、正極集電体の下部から耳に至る経路の抵抗値が上部から耳に至る経路の抵抗値よりも著しく大きいため、正極板の下部での充放電反応が進行しにくくなる。よって、下部から発生するガスの量が、部分充電状態での電解液攪拌作用を得るためには不十分となる。
正極集電体の比A/Bが0.55よりも大きい液式鉛蓄電池では、正極板全体で充放電反応が進行しにくくなるため、ガスの発生量が部分充電状態での電解液攪拌作用を得るためには不十分となる。
[Action, effect]
The smaller the ratio A / B of the positive electrode current collector of the liquid lead-acid battery, the easier it is for the lower part of the positive electrode plate to polarize than the upper part during charging. Even so, the stirring action of the electrolytic solution can be obtained. However, when the ratio A / B is less than 0.35, the resistance value of the path from the lower part to the ear of the positive electrode collector is significantly larger than the resistance value of the path from the upper part to the ear, so that the resistance value at the lower part of the positive electrode plate is significantly higher. The charge / discharge reaction is less likely to proceed. Therefore, the amount of gas generated from the lower part is insufficient to obtain the electrolytic solution stirring action in the partially charged state.
In a liquid lead-acid battery having a positive electrode current collector ratio A / B of more than 0.55, the charge / discharge reaction is less likely to proceed in the entire positive electrode plate, so that the amount of gas generated is the electrolytic solution stirring action in a partially charged state. Not enough to get.

第一実施形態の正極集電体1および第二実施形態の正極集電体1Aの比A/Bが0.35以上0.55以下の範囲にあることにより、第一実施形態および第二実施形態の液式鉛蓄電池は、充放電反応が正極板全体で均一に行われるため、下部から発生するガスの量が、部分充電状態での電解液の攪拌作用を得るために十分な量となる。よって、第一実施形態および第二実施形態の液式鉛蓄電池によれば、部分充電状態で使用される場合に電解液の成層化が抑制されて、寿命を長くすることができる。 When the ratio A / B of the positive electrode current collector 1 of the first embodiment and the positive electrode current collector 1A of the second embodiment is in the range of 0.35 or more and 0.55 or less, the first embodiment and the second embodiment In the liquid lead-acid battery of the form, since the charge / discharge reaction is uniformly performed in the entire positive electrode plate, the amount of gas generated from the lower part is sufficient to obtain the stirring action of the electrolytic solution in the partially charged state. .. Therefore, according to the liquid lead-acid batteries of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the stratification of the electrolytic solution is suppressed when the lead-acid battery is used in a partially charged state, and the life can be extended.

さらに、第一実施形態および第二実施形態の液式鉛蓄電池は、正極合剤がα-二酸化鉛およびβ-二酸化鉛を含み、充電率100%の状態において、α-二酸化鉛の質量αとβ-二酸化鉛の質量βの合計質量(α+β)に対するα-二酸化鉛の質量αの割合「α/(α+β)」が15%以上40%以下であるため、電解液の成層化が生じにくく、耐久性(寿命性能)が向上するという効果を奏する。
α-二酸化鉛は、多孔性に乏しく比表面積が小さいため放電能力が小さいが、結晶の崩壊が極めて徐々に進行するため軟化速度が小さい。一方、β-二酸化鉛は、多孔性に富み比表面積が大きいため放電能力が大きいが、結晶の崩壊が速く進み軟化速度が大きい。α/(α+β)が15%より小さいと、液式鉛蓄電池の寿命が不十分となるおそれがある。一方、α/(α+β)が40%より大きいと、液式鉛蓄電池の容量が低下するおそれがある。
Further, in the liquid lead-acid batteries of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the positive electrode mixture contains α-lead dioxide and β-lead dioxide, and the mass α of α-lead dioxide is combined with the charge rate of 100%. Since the ratio "α / (α + β)" of the mass α of α-lead dioxide to the total mass β of the mass β of β-lead dioxide is 15% or more and 40% or less, stratification of the electrolytic solution is unlikely to occur. It has the effect of improving durability (life performance).
α-Lead dioxide has a small discharge capacity due to its poor porosity and small specific surface area, but its softening rate is low because the crystal decay progresses extremely gradually. On the other hand, β-lead dioxide is highly porous and has a large specific surface area, so that it has a large discharge capacity, but the crystal decays rapidly and the softening rate is high. If α / (α + β) is less than 15%, the life of the liquid lead-acid battery may be insufficient. On the other hand, if α / (α + β) is larger than 40%, the capacity of the liquid lead-acid battery may decrease.

[方法の態様]
本発明の第二態様としては、液式鉛蓄電池の正極板(化成後)を構成する正極集電体の設計方法が挙げられる。この設計方法は下記の構成(a)~(c)を有する。
(a)正極集電体は、長方形の格子状基板と格子状基板に連続する耳とを有し、格子状基板に正極合剤が保持され、格子状基板は、長方形の一辺に沿う上部骨と、上部骨に接続されて前記上部骨より下方に存在する複数本の中骨と、を有し、耳は、上部骨の一辺の中心から一方にずれた位置から上側に突出する。
(b)正極集電体を長方形の一方の側の角を通る対角線に沿って切断して生じる分割体のうち耳が存在する分割体を、耳の上部骨との境界線上の中心点Pを通り上部骨に垂直な基準線により、第一の部分と第二の部分に区分する。
(c)x軸およびy軸が共に線形目盛である座標平面に、第二の部分よりも面積が大きい第一の部分における、複数本の中骨の各切断面Cnと中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値Rnをy座標、各切断面Cnの中心点と中心点Pとの各距離Xnをx座標としてなされる全てのプロットが、x=Hを交点として傾きが異なる二本の直線に近似でき、x<Hとなる各距離Xnでの各抵抗値Rnの平均値Aと、x≧Hとなる各距離Xnでの各抵抗値Rnの平均値Bと、による比A/Bが、0.35以上0.55以下となるようにする。
[Method]
As a second aspect of the present invention, there is a method of designing a positive electrode current collector constituting a positive electrode plate (after chemical conversion) of a liquid lead-acid battery. This design method has the following configurations (a) to (c).
(a) The positive current collector has a rectangular grid-like substrate and continuous ears on the grid-like substrate, and the positive electrode mixture is held on the grid-like substrate, and the grid-like substrate has an upper bone along one side of the rectangle. And a plurality of middle bones connected to the upper bone and located below the upper bone, and the ear protrudes upward from a position deviated from the center of one side of the upper bone to one side.
(b) Of the divisions formed by cutting the positive current collector along the diagonal line passing through the corner on one side of the rectangle, the division in which the ear is present is the center point P on the boundary line with the upper bone of the ear. It is divided into the first part and the second part by the reference line perpendicular to the upper bone of the street.
(c) On a coordinate plane in which both the x-axis and the y-axis are linear scales, between each cut surface Cn of a plurality of middle bones and the center point P in the first portion having a larger area than the second portion. All plots made with each resistance value Rn of the above as the y coordinate and each distance Xn between the center point and the center point P of each cut surface Cn as the x coordinate are two straight lines having different slopes with x = H as the intersection. The ratio A / B is calculated by the average value A of each resistance value Rn at each distance Xn where x <H and the average value B of each resistance value Rn at each distance Xn where x ≧ H. It should be 0.35 or more and 0.55 or less.

[試験電池の作製]
実施形態の液式鉛蓄電池と同じ構造の液式鉛蓄電池として、サンプルNo.1~No.35の液式鉛蓄電池を作製した。
サンプルNo.1~No.35の液式鉛蓄電池はD23型のアイドリングストップ用液式鉛蓄電池である。サンプルNo.1~No.7は、正極集電体の格子状基板の形状が異なるが、それ以外の点は全て同じ構成を有する。
サンプルNo.8~No.11は、正極集電体の格子状基板の形状がサンプルNo.1と同じである。サンプルNo.1およびNo.8~No.11は、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が異なるが、それ以外の点は全て同じ構成を有する。
サンプルNo.12~No.15は、正極集電体の格子状基板の形状がサンプルNo.2と同じである。サンプルNo.2およびNo.12~No.15は、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が異なるが、それ以外の点は全て同じ構成を有する。
サンプルNo.16~No.19は、正極集電体の格子状基板の形状がサンプルNo.3と同じである。サンプルNo.3およびNo.16~No.19は、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が異なるが、それ以外の点は全て同じ構成を有する。
サンプルNo.20~No.23は、正極集電体の格子状基板の形状がサンプルNo.4と同じである。サンプルNo.4およびNo. 20~No.23は、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が異なるが、それ以外の点は全て同じ構成を有する。
サンプルNo.24~No.27は、正極集電体の格子状基板の形状がサンプルNo.5と同じである。サンプルNo.5およびNo.24~No.27は、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が異なるが、それ以外の点は全て同じ構成を有する。
サンプルNo.28~No.31は、正極集電体の格子状基板の形状がサンプルNo.6と同じである。サンプルNo.5およびNo.28~No.31は、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が異なるが、それ以外の点は全て同じ構成を有する。
サンプルNo.32~No.35は、正極集電体の格子状基板の形状がサンプルNo.7と同じである。サンプルNo.7およびNo.32~No.35は、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が異なるが、それ以外の点は全て同じ構成を有する。
[Making test batteries]
Sample No. 1 to No. 35 liquid lead-acid batteries were produced as liquid lead-acid batteries having the same structure as the liquid lead-acid battery of the embodiment.
The liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 1 to No. 35 are D23 type liquid lead-acid batteries for idling stop. Samples No. 1 to No. 7 differ in the shape of the grid-like substrate of the positive electrode current collector, but all other points have the same configuration.
Samples No. 8 to No. 11 have the same shape as the sample No. 1 in the shape of the grid-like substrate of the positive electrode current collector. Samples No. 1 and No. 8 to No. 11 differ in α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture, but all other points have the same configuration.
Samples No. 12 to No. 15 have the same shape as the sample No. 2 in the shape of the grid-like substrate of the positive electrode current collector. Samples No. 2 and No. 12 to No. 15 differ in α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture, but all other points have the same configuration.
Samples No. 16 to No. 19 have the same shape of the grid-like substrate of the positive electrode current collector as that of sample No. 3. Samples No. 3 and No. 16 to No. 19 differ in α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture, but all other points have the same configuration.
Samples No. 20 to No. 23 have the same shape of the grid-like substrate of the positive electrode current collector as Sample No. 4. Samples No. 4 and No. 20 to No. 23 have different α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture, but all other points have the same composition.
Samples No. 24 to No. 27 have the same shape of the grid-like substrate of the positive electrode current collector as that of sample No. 5. Samples No. 5 and No. 24 to No. 27 have different α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture, but all other points have the same composition.
Samples No. 28 to No. 31 have the same shape of the grid-like substrate of the positive electrode current collector as sample No. 6. Samples No. 5 and No. 28 to No. 31 differ in α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture, but all other points have the same composition.
Samples No. 32 to No. 35 have the same shape of the grid-like substrate of the positive electrode current collector as that of sample No. 7. Samples No. 7 and No. 32 to No. 35 have different α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture, but all other points have the same composition.

<サンプルNo.1およびNo.8~No.11>
サンプルNo.1およびNo.8~No.11の液式鉛蓄電池は、図1に示す形状の正極集電体1を有し、寸法S1=115.0mm、寸法S2=110.0mm、寸法S3=100.0mm、寸法S4=45.0mm、中骨112の太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)が1.05mmである。
先ず、帯状の鉛合金シート(複数枚の正極集電体1に対応する大きさ)に対する打ち抜き加工工程、格子状基板11への正極活物質ペーストの充填工程、予熱乾燥工程、熟成乾燥工程、および切断工程を行うことにより、図1の正極集電体1を有する化成前の正極板を作製した。各工程は通常の方法で行った。
<Sample No.1 and No.8 to No.11>
The liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 1 and No. 8 to No. 11 have a positive electrode current collector 1 having the shape shown in FIG. 1, and have dimensions S1 = 115.0 mm, dimensions S2 = 110.0 mm, and dimensions S3. = 100.0 mm, dimension S4 = 45.0 mm, and the thickness of the middle bone 112 (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is 1.05 mm 2 .
First, a punching process for a strip-shaped lead alloy sheet (size corresponding to a plurality of positive electrode current collectors 1), a step of filling a lattice-shaped substrate 11 with a positive electrode active material paste, a preheating drying step, an aging drying step, and a step of aging and drying. By performing the cutting step, a pre-chemical electrode plate having the positive electrode current collector 1 of FIG. 1 was produced. Each step was carried out by a usual method.

負極板は、図1に示す正極集電体1と同じ形状の負極集電体を有するが、負極集電体では、寸法S1=114.0mm、寸法S2=108.0mm、寸法S3=100.0mm、寸法S4=45.0mm、中骨112の太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)が0.75mmである。化成前の負極板の作製も、正極板と同様の各工程を通常の方法で行うことにより行った。
次に、得られた化成前の負極板をポリエチレン製の袋状セパレータに入れたものを7枚と、得られた化成前の正極板6枚を、交互に積層して積層体を得た。次に、COS(キャストオンストラップ)方式の鋳造装置を用いて、各積層体の正極板および負極板にストラップと中間極柱と端子極柱を形成することで、極板群を得た。
The negative electrode plate has a negative electrode collector having the same shape as the positive electrode collector 1 shown in FIG. 1, but in the negative electrode collector, the size S1 = 114.0 mm, the size S2 = 108.0 mm, and the size S3 = 100. It is 0 mm, the dimension S4 = 45.0 mm, and the thickness of the middle bone 112 (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is 0.75 mm 2 . The negative electrode plate before chemical conversion was also produced by performing each step in the same manner as the positive electrode plate by a usual method.
Next, 7 sheets of the obtained pre-chemical electrode plates put in a polyethylene bag-shaped separator and 6 sheets of the obtained pre-chemical positive electrode plates were alternately laminated to obtain a laminate. Next, a group of electrode plates was obtained by forming a strap, an intermediate electrode column, and a terminal electrode column on the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of each laminate using a COS (cast-on-strap) type casting device.

この極板群を六個用意し、電槽の各セル室に入れて、隣接するセル室間の中間極柱の抵抗溶接、電槽と蓋の熱溶着、注液孔から各セル室内への電解液の注入、および注液孔を塞ぐことなどの通常の工程を行うことにより、D23型のアイドリングストップ用液式鉛蓄電池を組み立てた。その後、通常の方法で電槽化成を行うことで、電槽化成後の比重を1.285(20℃換算値)とした。
また、化成後の正極合剤のα/(α+β)は、化成時間を調整することにより、充電率100%の状態において、No.1で20%、No.8で10%、No.9で15%、No.10で40%、No.11で45%とした。
このようにしてNo.1およびNo.8~No.11の液式鉛蓄電池を得た。
Six of these electrode plates are prepared and placed in each cell chamber of the battery chamber, resistance welding of intermediate pole columns between adjacent cell chambers, heat welding of the battery chamber and lid, and injection holes into each cell chamber. A D23 type liquid lead-acid battery for idling stop was assembled by performing normal steps such as injecting an electrolytic solution and closing the injection hole. Then, by carrying out the electric tank chemical formation by a usual method, the specific density after the electric tank chemical formation was set to 1.285 (20 ° C. conversion value).
In addition, the α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture after chemical conversion is 20% for No. 1, 10% for No. 8, and No. 9 at a charge rate of 100% by adjusting the chemical conversion time. It was 15%, No. 10 was 40%, and No. 11 was 45%.
In this way, No. 1 and No. 8 to No. 11 liquid lead-acid batteries were obtained.

<サンプルNo.2およびNo.12~No.15>
サンプルNo.2およびNo.12~No.15の液式鉛蓄電池は、図1に示す形状の正極集電体1を有し、中骨112の太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)が1.00mmである。それ以外の点については、サンプルNo.2はサンプルNo.1と同じであり、サンプルNo.12はサンプルNo.8と同じであり、サンプルNo.13はサンプルNo.9と同じであり、サンプルNo.14はサンプルNo.10と同じであり、サンプルNo.15はサンプルNo.11と同じである。
用いた正極集電体の中骨112の太さが異なること以外はサンプルNo.1およびNo.8~No.11と同じ方法で、D23型のアイドリングストップ用液式鉛蓄電池を組み立てた後に電槽化成を行って、No.2およびNo.12~No.15の液式鉛蓄電池を得た。
<Sample No. 2 and No. 12 to No. 15>
The liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 2 and No. 12 to No. 15 have a positive electrode current collector 1 having the shape shown in FIG. 1, and the thickness of the middle bone 112 (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is large. It is 1.00 mm 2 . Other than that, sample No. 2 is the same as sample No. 1, sample No. 12 is the same as sample No. 8, sample No. 13 is the same as sample No. 9, and the sample. No. 14 is the same as sample No. 10, and sample No. 15 is the same as sample No. 11.
After assembling the D23 type liquid lead-acid battery for idling stop by the same method as samples No. 1 and No. 8 to No. 11 except that the thickness of the central bone 112 of the positive electrode current collector used is different, electricity is supplied. Tank chemicals were carried out to obtain No. 2 and No. 12 to No. 15 liquid lead-acid batteries.

<サンプルNo.3およびNo.16~No.19>
サンプルNo.3およびNo.16~No.19の液式鉛蓄電池は、図1に示す形状の正極集電体1を有し、中骨112の太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)が0.95mmである。それ以外の点については、サンプルNo.3はサンプルNo.1と同じであり、サンプルNo.16はサンプルNo.8と同じであり、サンプルNo.17はサンプルNo.9と同じであり、サンプルNo.18はサンプルNo.10と同じであり、サンプルNo.19はサンプルNo.11と同じである。
用いた正極集電体の中骨112の太さが異なること以外はサンプルNo.1およびNo.8~No.11と同じ方法で、D23型のアイドリングストップ用液式鉛蓄電池を組み立てた後に電槽化成を行って、No.3およびNo.16~No.19の液式鉛蓄電池を得た。
<Sample No.3 and No.16 to No.19>
The liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 3 and No. 16 to No. 19 have a positive electrode current collector 1 having the shape shown in FIG. 1, and the thickness of the middle bone 112 (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is large. It is 0.95 mm 2 . Other than that, sample No. 3 is the same as sample No. 1, sample No. 16 is the same as sample No. 8, sample No. 17 is the same as sample No. 9, and the sample. No. 18 is the same as sample No. 10, and sample No. 19 is the same as sample No. 11.
After assembling the D23 type liquid lead-acid battery for idling stop by the same method as samples No. 1 and No. 8 to No. 11 except that the thickness of the central bone 112 of the positive electrode current collector used is different, electricity is supplied. Tank chemicals were carried out to obtain No. 3 and No. 16 to No. 19 liquid lead-acid batteries.

<サンプルNo.4およびNo.20~No.23>
サンプルNo.4およびNo.20~No.23の液式鉛蓄電池は、図1に示す形状の正極集電体1を有し、中骨112の太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)が0.90mmである。それ以外の点については、サンプルNo.4はサンプルNo.1と同じであり、サンプルNo.20はサンプルNo.8と同じであり、サンプルNo.21はサンプルNo.9と同じであり、サンプルNo.22はサンプルNo.10と同じであり、サンプルNo.23はサンプルNo.11と同じである。
用いた正極集電体の中骨112の太さが異なること以外はサンプルNo.1およびNo.8~No.11と同じ方法で、D23型のアイドリングストップ用液式鉛蓄電池を組み立てた後に電槽化成を行って、No.4およびNo.20~No.23の液式鉛蓄電池を得た。
<Sample No.4 and No.20 to No.23>
The liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 4 and No. 20 to No. 23 have the positive electrode current collector 1 having the shape shown in FIG. 1, and the thickness of the middle bone 112 (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is large. It is 0.90 mm 2 . Other than that, sample No. 4 is the same as sample No. 1, sample No. 20 is the same as sample No. 8, sample No. 21 is the same as sample No. 9, and the sample. No.22 is the same as sample No.10, and sample No.23 is the same as sample No.11.
After assembling the D23 type liquid lead-acid battery for idling stop by the same method as samples No. 1 and No. 8 to No. 11 except that the thickness of the central bone 112 of the positive electrode current collector used is different, electricity is supplied. Tank chemicals were carried out to obtain No. 4 and No. 20 to No. 23 liquid lead-acid batteries.

<サンプルNo.5およびNo.24~No.27>
サンプルNo.5およびNo.24~No.27の液式鉛蓄電池は、図1に示す形状の正極集電体1を有し、中骨112の太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)が0.85mmである。それ以外の点については、サンプルNo.5はサンプルNo.1と同じであり、サンプルNo.24はサンプルNo.8と同じであり、サンプルNo.25はサンプルNo.9と同じであり、サンプルNo.26はサンプルNo.10と同じであり、サンプルNo.27はサンプルNo.11と同じである。
用いた正極集電体の中骨112の太さが異なること以外はサンプルNo.1およびNo.8~No.11と同じ方法で、D23型のアイドリングストップ用液式鉛蓄電池を組み立てた後に電槽化成を行って、No.5およびNo.24~No.27の液式鉛蓄電池を得た。
<Sample No.5 and No.24 to No.27>
The liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 5 and No. 24 to No. 27 have the positive electrode current collector 1 having the shape shown in FIG. 1, and the thickness of the middle bone 112 (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is large. It is 0.85 mm 2 . Other than that, sample No. 5 is the same as sample No. 1, sample No. 24 is the same as sample No. 8, sample No. 25 is the same as sample No. 9, and the sample. No. 26 is the same as sample No. 10, and sample No. 27 is the same as sample No. 11.
After assembling the D23 type liquid lead-acid battery for idling stop by the same method as samples No. 1 and No. 8 to No. 11 except that the thickness of the central bone 112 of the positive electrode current collector used is different, electricity is supplied. Tank chemicals were carried out to obtain No. 5 and No. 24-No. 27 liquid lead-acid batteries.

<サンプルNo.6およびNo.28~No.31>
サンプルNo.6およびNo.28~No.31の液式鉛蓄電池は、図1に示す形状の正極集電体1を有し、中骨112の太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)が0.75mmである。それ以外の点については、サンプルNo.6はサンプルNo.1と同じであり、サンプルNo.28はサンプルNo.8と同じであり、サンプルNo.29はサンプルNo.9と同じであり、サンプルNo.30はサンプルNo.10と同じであり、サンプルNo.31はサンプルNo.11と同じである。
用いた正極集電体の中骨112の太さが異なること以外はサンプルNo.1およびNo.8~No.11と同じ方法で、D23型のアイドリングストップ用液式鉛蓄電池を組み立てた後に電槽化成を行って、No.6およびNo.28~No.31の液式鉛蓄電池を得た。
<Sample No.6 and No.28-No.31>
The liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 6 and No. 28 to No. 31 have a positive electrode current collector 1 having the shape shown in FIG. 1, and the thickness of the middle bone 112 (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is large. It is 0.75 mm 2 . Other than that, sample No. 6 is the same as sample No. 1, sample No. 28 is the same as sample No. 8, sample No. 29 is the same as sample No. 9, and the sample. No. 30 is the same as sample No. 10, and sample No. 31 is the same as sample No. 11.
After assembling the D23 type liquid lead-acid battery for idling stop by the same method as samples No. 1 and No. 8 to No. 11 except that the thickness of the central bone 112 of the positive electrode current collector used is different, electricity is supplied. Tank chemicals were carried out to obtain No. 6 and No. 28 to No. 31 liquid lead-acid batteries.

<サンプルNo.7およびNo.32~No.35>
サンプルNo.7およびNo.32~No.35の液式鉛蓄電池は、図3に示す形状の正極集電体1Aを有し、寸法S1=115.0mm、寸法S2=110.0mm、寸法S3=100.0mm、寸法S4=45.0mm、中骨112aの太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)が0.80mm、中骨112bの太さ(長手方向に垂直な断面積)が1.20mmである。それ以外の点については、サンプルNo.7はサンプルNo.1と同じであり、サンプルNo.32はサンプルNo.8と同じであり、サンプルNo.33はサンプルNo.9と同じであり、サンプルNo.34はサンプルNo.10と同じであり、サンプルNo.35はサンプルNo.11と同じである。
図3の正極集電体1Aを用いた以外はサンプルNo.1およびNo.8~No.11と同じ方法で、D23型のアイドリングストップ用液式鉛蓄電池を組み立てた後に電槽化成を行って、No.7およびNo.32~No.35の液式鉛蓄電池を得た。
<Sample No.7 and No.32 to No.35>
The liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 7 and No. 32 to No. 35 have a positive electrode current collector 1A having the shape shown in FIG. 3, and have dimensions S1 = 115.0 mm, dimensions S2 = 110.0 mm, and dimensions S3. = 100.0 mm, dimension S4 = 45.0 mm, thickness of middle bone 112a (cross-sectional area perpendicular to longitudinal direction) 0.80 mm 2 , thickness of middle bone 112b (cross-sectional area perpendicular to longitudinal direction) 1 .20 mm 2 . Other than that, sample No. 7 is the same as sample No. 1, sample No. 32 is the same as sample No. 8, sample No. 33 is the same as sample No. 9, and the sample. No.34 is the same as sample No.10, and sample No.35 is the same as sample No.11.
After assembling the D23 type liquid lead-acid battery for idling stop by the same method as the samples No. 1 and No. 8 to No. 11 except that the positive electrode current collector 1A in FIG. 3 was used, the battery was formed. , No.7 and No.32 to No.35 liquid lead-acid batteries were obtained.

[分割体の切断面の各抵抗値測定]
先ず、得られたサンプルNo.1~No.7の液式鉛蓄電池を分解して、正極板を取り出し、正極板から正極活物質を除去して洗浄することにより、No.1~No.7の各正極集電体1,1Aを得た。次に、正極集電体1,1Aを、それぞれ図1および図3に示す対角線Dに沿って鋏で切断することにより、図2および図4に示す、耳が存在する分割体2,2Aを得た。耳が存在する分割体2において、基準線Kにより区分された第一の部分21は、中骨112の切断面を13個有する。耳が存在する分割体2Aにおいて、基準線Kにより区分された第一の部分21Aは、中骨112a,112bの切断面を合計で13個有する。
[Measurement of each resistance value of the cut surface of the split body]
First, the obtained sample Nos. 1 to No. 7 liquid lead-acid batteries were disassembled, the positive electrode plate was taken out, the positive electrode active material was removed from the positive electrode plate, and the cells were washed to obtain No. 1 to No. 7. Each positive electrode current collector 1, 1A of the above was obtained. Next, by cutting the positive electrode current collectors 1 and 1A with scissors along the diagonal lines D shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, respectively, the divided bodies 2 and 2A having ears shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 are obtained. Obtained. In the split body 2 in which the ears are present, the first portion 21 separated by the reference line K has 13 cut surfaces of the middle bone 112. In the split body 2A in which the ears are present, the first portion 21A divided by the reference line K has a total of 13 cut surfaces of the middle bones 112a and 112b.

次に、耳12の中心点Pと各中骨の切断面C1~C13との間の各抵抗値Rn(R1~R13)を、抵抗計(HIOKI社製 3554 BATTERY HiTESTER)を用いて三回ずつ測定し、平均値を算出した。また、中心点Pと各切断面C1~C13の中心点との各距離Xn(X1~X13)を、定規で測定した。これらの測定結果(各抵抗値Rnは三回測定の平均値)を表1~表7に示す。 Next, each resistance value Rn (R1 to R13) between the center point P of the ear 12 and the cut surface C1 to C13 of each middle bone is measured three times using a resistance meter (3554 BATTERY HiTESTER manufactured by HIOKI). It was measured and the average value was calculated. Further, each distance Xn (X1 to X13) between the center point P and the center points of the cut surfaces C1 to C13 was measured with a ruler. The measurement results (each resistance value Rn is the average value of three measurements) are shown in Tables 1 to 7.

Figure 0007011023000001
Figure 0007011023000001

Figure 0007011023000002
Figure 0007011023000002

Figure 0007011023000003
Figure 0007011023000003

Figure 0007011023000004
Figure 0007011023000004

Figure 0007011023000005
Figure 0007011023000005

Figure 0007011023000006
Figure 0007011023000006

Figure 0007011023000007
Figure 0007011023000007

次に、サンプル毎に、x軸およびy軸が共に線形目盛である座標平面に、抵抗値Rn(三回測定の平均値)をy座標、距離Xnをx座標として、測定結果をプロットした。これにより、図5~図11に示すグラフを得た。図5はNo.1の結果を、図6はNo.2の結果を、図7はNo.3の結果を、図8はNo.4の結果を、図9はNo.5の結果を、図10はNo.6の結果を、図11はNo.7の結果を、それぞれ示す。 Next, the measurement results were plotted for each sample on a coordinate plane in which both the x-axis and the y-axis are linear scales, with the resistance value Rn (mean value of three measurements) as the y coordinate and the distance Xn as the x coordinate. As a result, the graphs shown in FIGS. 5 to 11 were obtained. FIG. 5 shows the result of No. 1, FIG. 6 shows the result of No. 2, FIG. 7 shows the result of No. 3, FIG. 8 shows the result of No. 4, and FIG. 9 shows the result of No. 5. FIG. 10 shows the result of No. 6, and FIG. 11 shows the result of No. 7.

図5に示すように、サンプルNo.1では、全てのプロットが、x=H(X8とX9との間の値)を交点として傾きが異なる二本の直線T1,T2に近似できた。次に、x<Hとなる各距離X1~X8での各抵抗値(三回測定の平均値)R1~R8の平均値Aと、x≧Hとなる各距離X9~X13での各抵抗値(三回測定の平均値)Rnの平均値Bを算出し、これらの算出値から比A/Bを算出した。その結果を表8に示す。 As shown in FIG. 5, in sample No. 1, all plots could be approximated to two straight lines T1 and T2 having different slopes with x = H (value between X8 and X9) as an intersection. Next, the average value A of each resistance value (average value of three measurements) R1 to R8 at each distance X1 to X8 where x <H, and each resistance value at each distance X9 to X13 where x ≧ H. (Mean value of three measurements) The average value B of Rn was calculated, and the ratio A / B was calculated from these calculated values. The results are shown in Table 8.

Figure 0007011023000008
Figure 0007011023000008

表8に示すように、サンプルNo.1の比A/Bは0.31であった。
また、図6~図10に示すように、サンプルNo.2~No.6では、それぞれ全てのプロットが、x=H(X9とX10との間の値)を交点として傾きが異なる二本の直線T1,T2に近似できた。次に、x<Hとなる各距離X1~X9での各抵抗値(三回測定の平均値)R1~R9の平均値Aと、x≧Hとなる各距離X10~X13での各抵抗値(三回測定の平均値)Rnの平均値Bを算出し、これらの算出値から比A/Bを算出した。その結果を表9~表13に示す。
As shown in Table 8, the ratio A / B of sample No. 1 was 0.31.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 10, in Samples No. 2 to No. 6, all the plots have two different slopes with x = H (value between X9 and X10) as an intersection. It was possible to approximate the straight lines T1 and T2. Next, the average value A of each resistance value (average value of three measurements) R1 to R9 at each distance X1 to X9 where x <H, and each resistance value at each distance X10 to X13 where x ≧ H. (Mean value of three measurements) The average value B of Rn was calculated, and the ratio A / B was calculated from these calculated values. The results are shown in Tables 9 to 13.

Figure 0007011023000009
Figure 0007011023000009

Figure 0007011023000010
Figure 0007011023000010

Figure 0007011023000011
Figure 0007011023000011

Figure 0007011023000012
Figure 0007011023000012

Figure 0007011023000013
Figure 0007011023000013

表9~表13に示すように、サンプルNo.2の比A/Bは0.35、サンプルNo.3の比A/Bは0.45、サンプルNo.4の比A/Bは0.50、サンプルNo.5の比A/Bは0.55、サンプルNo.6の比A/Bは0.65であった。
さらに図11に示すように、サンプルNo.7では、全てのプロットが、x=H(X10の値)を交点として傾きが異なる二本の直線T1,T2に近似できた。次に、x<Hとなる各距離X1~X9での各抵抗値(三回測定の平均値)R1~R9の平均値Aと、x≧Hとなる各距離X10~X13での各抵抗値(三回測定の平均値)Rnの平均値Bを算出し、これらの算出値から比A/Bを算出した。その結果を表14に示す。
As shown in Tables 9 to 13, the ratio A / B of sample No. 2 is 0.35, the ratio A / B of sample No. 3 is 0.45, and the ratio A / B of sample No. 4 is 0. 50, the ratio A / B of sample No. 5 was 0.55, and the ratio A / B of sample No. 6 was 0.65.
Further, as shown in FIG. 11, in sample No. 7, all plots could be approximated to two straight lines T1 and T2 having different slopes with x = H (value of X10) as an intersection. Next, the average value A of each resistance value (average value of three measurements) R1 to R9 at each distance X1 to X9 where x <H, and each resistance value at each distance X10 to X13 where x ≧ H. (Mean value of three measurements) The average value B of Rn was calculated, and the ratio A / B was calculated from these calculated values. The results are shown in Table 14.

Figure 0007011023000014
Figure 0007011023000014

表14に示すように、サンプルNo.7の比A/Bは0.55であった。
[試験および評価]
得られたサンプルNo.1~No.35の液式鉛蓄電池について、EUCARパワーアシストプロファイルによる寿命試験を実施した。この試験の1サイクルの充放電パターンを図12に示す。C2は2時間率容量である。この充放電パターンでは部分充電状態での深い放電がある。
また、この寿命試験を100サイクル行った後に、電解液の比重を電槽の上部と下部で光学比重計を用いて測定し、これらの測定値から上下の比重差を算出した。
また、寿命試験を実施したものとは別に用意したサンプルNo.1~No.35の液式鉛蓄電池について、JIS D 5301:2019 10.1に準拠し、20時間率容量試験を実施した。
これらの試験の結果を、各サンプルの格子状基板の構成とともに表15および表16に示す。表15は、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が同じ20%で正極集電体の抵抗値の比A/Bが異なるサンプルNo.1~No.7について、上下比重差と寿命試験の結果をまとめたものである。表16は、サンプルNo.1~No.35の全試験結果を、抵抗値の比A/Bが同じで正極合剤のα/(α+β)が異なる場合の違いが分かるようにまとめたものである。
As shown in Table 14, the ratio A / B of sample No. 7 was 0.55.
[Test and evaluation]
The obtained sample No. 1 to No. 35 liquid lead-acid batteries were subjected to a life test using the EUCAR power assist profile. The charge / discharge pattern of one cycle of this test is shown in FIG. C 2 is a 2-hour rate capacity. In this charge / discharge pattern, there is a deep discharge in the partially charged state.
Further, after performing this life test for 100 cycles, the specific gravity of the electrolytic solution was measured at the upper part and the lower part of the electric tank using an optical hydrometer, and the difference in the upper and lower specific densities was calculated from these measured values.
In addition, the liquid lead-acid batteries of Samples No. 1 to No. 35 prepared separately from the ones subjected to the life test were subjected to a 20-hour rate capacity test in accordance with JIS D 5301: 2019 10.1.
The results of these tests are shown in Tables 15 and 16 along with the configuration of the grid-like substrate for each sample. Table 15 shows the difference in the vertical specific gravity and the results of the life test for samples No. 1 to No. 7 in which the α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture is the same 20% and the ratio A / B of the resistance value of the positive electrode current collector is different. It is a summary of. Table 16 summarizes all the test results of Samples No. 1 to No. 35 so that the difference can be seen when the resistance ratio A / B is the same and the α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture is different. be.

Figure 0007011023000015
Figure 0007011023000015

Figure 0007011023000016
Figure 0007011023000016

表15から分かるように、0.35≦A/B≦0.55を満たさないNo.1およびNo.6の液式鉛蓄電池は、電解液の上下比重差が0.070および0.040と大きかったのに対し、0.35≦A/B≦0.55を満たすNo.2~No.5とNo.7の液式鉛蓄電池は、電解液の上下比重差が0.005~0.015と小さかった。また、0.35≦A/B≦0.55を満たさないNo.1とNo.6の液式鉛蓄電池の寿命は、8000~8500サイクルであったのに対し、0.35≦A/B≦0.55を満たすNo.2~No.5とNo.7の液式鉛蓄電池の寿命は、17000~22000サイクルと長かった。
表15の結果から、0.35≦A/B≦0.55を満たす正極集電体を備え、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が20%である液式鉛蓄電池は、部分充電状態で使用される場合に電解液の成層化が抑制されて、寿命を長くできることが確認できた。
As can be seen from Table 15, the No. 1 and No. 6 liquid lead-acid batteries that do not satisfy 0.35 ≤ A / B ≤ 0.55 have a difference in the vertical specific gravity of the electrolytic solution of 0.070 and 0.040. In contrast, the liquid lead-acid batteries No. 2 to No. 5 and No. 7 satisfying 0.35 ≤ A / B ≤ 0.55 had a difference in the vertical specific gravity of the electrolytic solution of 0.005 to 0. It was as small as 015. Further, the life of the No. 1 and No. 6 liquid lead-acid batteries that do not satisfy 0.35 ≦ A / B ≦ 0.55 was 8000 to 8500 cycles, whereas the life was 0.35 ≦ A / B. The life of the liquid lead-acid batteries No. 2 to No. 5 and No. 7 satisfying ≤0.55 was as long as 17,000 to 22,000 cycles.
From the results in Table 15, the liquid lead-acid battery having a positive electrode current collector satisfying 0.35 ≦ A / B ≦ 0.55 and having an α / (α + β) of 20% of the positive electrode mixture is in a partially charged state. It was confirmed that when used, the stratification of the electrolytic solution was suppressed and the life could be extended.

さらに、表16からは以下のことが分かる。
先ず、0.35≦A/B≦0.55を満たさないNo.1およびNo.8~No.11とNo.6およびNo.28~No.31の液式鉛蓄電池は、電解液の上下比重差が0.040~0.075と大きかったのに対し、0.35≦A/B≦0.55を満たすNo.2~No.5、No.7、No.12~No.27およびNo.32~No.35の液式鉛蓄電池は、電解液の上下比重差が0.005~0.015と小さかった。
次に、0.35≦A/B≦0.55を満たさないNo.1およびNo.8~No.11とNo.6およびNo.28~No.31の液式鉛蓄電池の寿命は、6300~9200サイクルと短かったのに対して、0.35≦A/B≦0.55を満たすNo.2~No.5,No.7,No.13~No.27,No.32~No.35の液式鉛蓄電池の寿命は、12500~22600サイクルであり、比較的長かった。
Furthermore, the following can be seen from Table 16.
First, the liquid lead-acid batteries of No. 1 and No. 8 to No. 11 and No. 6 and No. 28 to No. 31 that do not satisfy 0.35 ≦ A / B ≦ 0.55 are above and below the electrolytic solution. While the difference in specific gravity was as large as 0.040 to 0.075, No. 2 to No. 5, No. 7, No. 12 to No. 27 and No. 2 to No. 27 satisfying 0.35 ≤ A / B ≤ 0.55. In the liquid lead-acid batteries of No. 32 to No. 35, the difference in the vertical specific gravity of the electrolytic solution was as small as 0.005 to 0.015.
Next, the life of the liquid lead-acid batteries of No. 1 and No. 8 to No. 11 and No. 6 and No. 28 to No. 31 that do not satisfy 0.35 ≦ A / B ≦ 0.55 is 6300. No.2 to No.5, No.7, No.13 to No.27, No.32 to No. satisfying 0.35 ≤ A / B ≤ 0.55, while it was as short as 9200 cycles. The life of the 35 liquid lead-acid batteries was 12500 to 22600 cycles, which was relatively long.

そして、0.35≦A/B≦0.55を満たすもののうち、15%≦α/(α+β)≦40%をも満たすNo.2~No.5、No.7、No.13、No.14、No.17、No.18、No.21、No.22、No.25、No.26、No.33、No.34の液式鉛蓄電池は、寿命が17000~22000サイクルと長く、20時間率容量も61~69と良好であった。
これに対して、比率α/(α+β)が10%であるNo.12、No.16、No.20、No.24およびNo.32の液式鉛蓄電池は、20時間率容量は69~72と大きかったが、寿命は12500~16000サイクルであった。また、α/(α+β)が45%であるNo.15、No.19、No.23、No.27およびNo.35の液式鉛蓄電池は、寿命については18000~22600サイクルと特に長かったが、20時間率容量は51以下と小さかった。
Then, among those satisfying 0.35 ≦ A / B ≦ 0.55, No. 2 to No. 5, No. 7, No. 13, and No. also satisfying 15% ≦ α / (α + β) ≦ 40%. 14, No.17, No.18, No.21, No.22, No.25, No.26, No.33, No.34 liquid lead-acid batteries have a long life of 17,000 to 22,000 cycles, 20 The time rate capacity was also good at 61 to 69.
On the other hand, the liquid lead-acid batteries of No. 12, No. 16, No. 20, No. 24 and No. 32 having a ratio of α / (α + β) of 10% have a 20-hour rate capacity of 69 to 72. However, the life was 12500 to 16000 cycles. In addition, the liquid lead-acid batteries of No.15, No.19, No.23, No.27 and No.35 with α / (α + β) of 45% had a particularly long life of 18,000 to 22600 cycles. The 20-hour rate capacity was as small as 51 or less.

このような結果となった理由は以下の様に推定できる。
先ず、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が10%である液式鉛蓄電池では、β-二酸化鉛が相対的に多いことから、結晶の崩壊が速く進むため軟化速度が大きくなったことで、寿命サイクル数が顕著には向上しなかったと考えられる。次に、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が45%である液式鉛蓄電池では、多孔性に乏しく比表面積が小さいα-二酸化鉛が相対的に多いため、放電能力(20時間率容量)が低下したと考えられる。
The reason for this result can be estimated as follows.
First, in the liquid lead-acid battery in which α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture is 10%, β-lead dioxide is relatively large, so that the crystal decays rapidly and the softening rate increases. It is probable that the number of life cycles did not improve significantly. Next, in a liquid lead-acid battery in which α / (α + β) of the positive electrode mixture is 45%, the discharge capacity (20-hour rate capacity) is relatively large because α-lead dioxide, which has poor porosity and a small specific surface area, is relatively large. Is considered to have decreased.

このように、表16の結果から、0.35≦A/B≦0.55を満たす正極集電体を備え、正極合剤のα/(α+β)が15%以上40%以下である液式鉛蓄電池は、部分充電状態で使用される場合に電解液の成層化が抑制されて、寿命を長くでき、放電能力にも優れることが確認できた。 As described above, from the results in Table 16, a liquid type having a positive electrode current collector satisfying 0.35 ≦ A / B ≦ 0.55 and having an α / (α + β) of 15% or more and 40% or less of the positive electrode mixture is provided. It was confirmed that when the lead-acid battery is used in a partially charged state, the stratification of the electrolytic solution is suppressed, the life can be extended, and the discharge capacity is also excellent.

1 正極集電体
1A 正極集電体
11 格子状基板
11A 格子状基板
12 耳
111 上部骨
112 中骨
112a 中骨
112b 中骨
2 耳が存在する分割体
2A 耳が存在する分割体
21 第一の部分
21A 第一の部分
22 第二の部分
22A 第二の部分
1 Positive current collector 1A Positive current collector 11 Lattice substrate 11A Lattice substrate 12 Ear 111 Upper bone 112 Middle bone 112a Middle bone 112b Middle bone 2 Split body with ears 2A Split body with ears 21 First Part 21A First part 22 Second part 22A Second part

Claims (1)

正極集電体および正極合剤を有する正極板と、負極集電体および負極合剤を有する負極板とが、セパレータを介して交互に積層された極板群を備えた液式鉛蓄電池であって、
前記正極集電体は、長方形の格子状基板と前記格子状基板に連続する耳とを有し、
前記格子状基板に前記正極合剤が保持され、
前記格子状基板は、前記長方形の一辺に沿う上部骨と、前記上部骨に接続されて前記上部骨より下方に存在する複数本の中骨と、を有し、
前記耳は、前記上部骨の前記一辺の中心から一方にずれた位置から上側に突出し、
前記正極集電体を前記長方形の前記一方の側の角を通る対角線に沿って切断して生じる分割体のうち前記耳が存在する分割体は、前記耳の前記上部骨との境界線上の中心点Pを通り前記上部骨に垂直な基準線により、第一の部分と第二の部分に区分され、前記第一の部分は前記第二の部分よりも面積が大きく、
x軸およびy軸が共に線形目盛である座標平面に、前記第一の部分における、前記複数本の中骨の各切断面Cnと前記中心点Pとの間の各抵抗値Rnをy座標、前記各切断面Cnの中心点と前記中心点Pとの各距離Xnをx座標としてなされた全てのプロットが、x=Hを交点として傾きが異なる二本の直線に近似でき、
x<Hとなる各距離Xnでの各抵抗値Rnの平均値Aと、x≧Hとなる各距離Xnでの各抵抗値Rnの平均値Bと、による比A/Bが、0.35以上0.55以下であり、
前記正極合剤は、α-二酸化鉛およびβ-二酸化鉛を含み、α-二酸化鉛の質量αとβ-二酸化鉛の質量βの合計質量(α+β)に対するα-二酸化鉛の質量αの割合「α/(α+β)」が15%以上40%以下である液式鉛蓄電池。
A liquid lead-acid battery having a group of electrode plates in which a positive electrode plate having a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture and a negative electrode plate having a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture are alternately laminated via a separator. hand,
The positive electrode current collector has a rectangular grid-like substrate and ears continuous to the grid-like substrate.
The positive electrode mixture is held on the grid-like substrate, and the positive electrode mixture is held.
The grid-like substrate has an upper bone along one side of the rectangle and a plurality of middle bones connected to the upper bone and located below the upper bone.
The ear protrudes upward from a position offset unilaterally from the center of the one side of the upper bone.
Of the divisions formed by cutting the positive current collector along the diagonal line passing through the corner on one side of the rectangle, the division in which the ear is present is the center of the ear on the boundary line with the upper bone. It is divided into a first part and a second part by a reference line passing through the point P and perpendicular to the upper bone, and the first part has a larger area than the second part.
On a coordinate plane in which both the x-axis and the y-axis are linear scales, the resistance value Rn between each cut surface Cn of the plurality of central bones and the center point P in the first portion is set in the y coordinate. All plots made with each distance Xn between the center point of each cut plane Cn and the center point P as the x-coordinate can be approximated to two straight lines having different slopes with x = H as the intersection.
The ratio A / B by the average value A of each resistance value Rn at each distance Xn where x <H and the average value B of each resistance value Rn at each distance Xn where x ≧ H is 0.35. More than 0.55 or less,
The positive electrode mixture contains α-lead dioxide and β-lead dioxide, and the ratio of the mass α of α-lead dioxide to the total mass (α + β) of the mass α of α-lead dioxide and the mass β of β-lead dioxide ". A liquid lead-acid battery having "α / (α + β)" of 15% or more and 40% or less.
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