JP6977332B2 - Hot water storage and hot water supply device - Google Patents

Hot water storage and hot water supply device Download PDF

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JP6977332B2
JP6977332B2 JP2017124462A JP2017124462A JP6977332B2 JP 6977332 B2 JP6977332 B2 JP 6977332B2 JP 2017124462 A JP2017124462 A JP 2017124462A JP 2017124462 A JP2017124462 A JP 2017124462A JP 6977332 B2 JP6977332 B2 JP 6977332B2
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hot water
water storage
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source machine
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JP2019007692A (en
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辰巳 稲本
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Noritz Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/136—Defrosting or de-icing; Preventing freezing

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Description

本発明は、ヒートポンプ熱源機等の熱源機で加熱した湯水を貯湯タンクに貯留し、貯留した湯水を給湯する貯湯給湯装置に関し、特に配管内の湯水の凍結を防ぐ運転を行う貯湯給湯装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a hot water storage device that stores hot water heated by a heat source machine such as a heat pump heat source machine in a hot water storage tank and supplies the stored hot water, and more particularly to a hot water storage device that operates to prevent freezing of hot water in a pipe.

従来から、ヒートポンプ熱源機等の外部熱源機と燃焼式の補助熱源機を備え、外部熱源機により加熱された湯水を貯湯タンクに貯留し、この貯留された湯水を給湯設定温度に調整して給湯可能なエネルギー効率が高い貯湯給湯装置が広く使用されている。一層エネルギー効率を向上するために、例えば特許文献１のように、運転を行わない時間帯に一部電源供給を遮断して待機電力を削減する技術が知られている。 Conventionally, it is equipped with an external heat source machine such as a heat pump heat source machine and a combustion type auxiliary heat source machine, hot water heated by the external heat source machine is stored in a hot water storage tank, and the stored hot water is adjusted to the hot water supply set temperature for hot water supply. Hot water storage and hot water supply equipment with high possible energy efficiency is widely used. In order to further improve energy efficiency, for example, as in Patent Document 1, a technique is known in which a part of power supply is cut off during a time period during which operation is not performed to reduce standby power consumption.

ところで、貯湯給湯装置は、外気温度の低下により配管内の湯水の凍結が発生すると破損する虞がある。特に、外部熱源機と貯湯タンクの間の配管や、給水配管、給湯配管等は、貯湯給湯装置のケース外に出ているため、保温材で覆っていても凍結し易い。そのため、外気温度や配管内の湯水温度が所定の温度を下回ると、それらの配管等に巻かれた凍結予防ヒータで温めたり、湯水を加熱すると共に湯水が循環可能な回路に加熱した湯水を循環させたりして凍結を防ぐ運転を行うように構成されている。凍結予防ヒータの使用は、エネルギー効率の観点から極力回避することが望まれている。 By the way, the hot water storage and hot water supply device may be damaged when the hot water in the pipe freezes due to a decrease in the outside air temperature. In particular, the pipes between the external heat source machine and the hot water storage tank, the water supply pipes, the hot water supply pipes, etc. are outside the case of the hot water storage and hot water supply device, so that they are easily frozen even if they are covered with a heat insulating material. Therefore, when the outside air temperature or the temperature of the hot water in the pipe falls below a predetermined temperature, the hot water is heated by the anti-freezing heater wound around those pipes, etc., or the hot water is heated and circulated to the circuit where the hot water can be circulated. It is configured to operate to prevent freezing by letting it run. It is desired to avoid the use of antifreeze heaters as much as possible from the viewpoint of energy efficiency.

特許第３９２５５１５号公報Japanese Patent No. 3925515

外部熱源機を備えた貯湯給湯装置は、給湯使用の予測に基づいて外部熱源機を駆動して貯湯する貯湯運転を行うので、給湯に必要な熱量相当の湯水が貯湯タンクに貯留されて給湯終了後には貯湯タンクに熱量が残らない。そのため、凍結の虞がある場合に貯湯タンク内の湯水を外部熱源機との間で循環させる凍結予防運転を行うように構成されていても、次回の貯湯運転までの期間循環を継続する、又は停止している外部熱源機を起動後短時間駆動して温度を上昇させる必要がある。 A hot water storage hot water supply device equipped with an external heat source unit drives an external heat source machine to store hot water based on the prediction of hot water supply, so hot water equivalent to the amount of heat required for hot water supply is stored in the hot water storage tank and hot water supply ends. After that, no heat remains in the hot water storage tank. Therefore, even if the freeze prevention operation is configured to circulate the hot water in the hot water storage tank with the external heat source machine when there is a risk of freezing, the circulation is continued until the next hot water storage operation, or It is necessary to raise the temperature by driving the stopped external heat source unit for a short time after starting it.

循環の継続のためにポンプを駆動し続けると貯湯給湯装置のエネルギー効率が低下する。一方、外部熱源機を短時間駆動する場合、起動直後は湯水を安定して加熱することができず、外部熱源機の起動が繰り返されるとエネルギー効率が低下すると共に、外部熱源機に負担がかかって破損する虞が高まる。 If the pump is continuously driven for continuous circulation, the energy efficiency of the hot water storage and water heater will decrease. On the other hand, when the external heat source machine is driven for a short time, the hot water cannot be heated stably immediately after the start-up, and if the external heat source machine is repeatedly started up, the energy efficiency is lowered and the external heat source machine is burdened. Increases the risk of damage.

本発明の目的は、凍結予防運転によるエネルギー効率の低下を抑えることが可能なエネルギー効率が高い貯湯給湯装置を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a hot water storage and hot water supply device having high energy efficiency, which can suppress a decrease in energy efficiency due to freeze prevention operation.

請求項１の発明の貯湯給湯装置は、湯水を貯留する貯湯タンクと、ヒートポンプ熱源機と、前記貯湯タンクと前記ヒートポンプ熱源機との間を接続する循環加熱回路とを備え、使用者の給湯使用状況を学習記憶して将来の給湯使用熱量の予測を行うと共に前記ヒートポンプ熱源機を駆動して前記貯湯タンクに予測した給湯使用熱量を貯湯する貯湯運転を実行する制御手段を有する貯湯給湯装置において、前記ヒートポンプ熱源機の入水温度又は外気温度を検知する温度検知手段を備え、前記制御手段は、記憶した前記温度検知手段の検知温度に基づいて凍結予防運転の要否を判定すると共に、前記凍結予防運転が必要であると判定した場合には前記凍結予防運転に必要な熱量を増加させるように前記予測した給湯使用熱量の補正をして前記貯湯運転を実行するように構成し、前記予測した給湯使用熱量を増加させる補正をした場合には、この増加補正した熱量分の貯湯運転は、前記予測した給湯使用熱量の貯湯運転よりも低温で先に行うことを特徴としている。 The hot water storage and hot water supply device according to claim 1 includes a hot water storage tank for storing hot water, a heat pump heat source machine, and a circulation heating circuit for connecting between the hot water storage tank and the heat pump heat source machine, and is used by the user for hot water supply. In a hot water storage device having a control means for executing a hot water storage operation that learns and memorizes the situation, predicts the amount of heat used for hot water supply in the future, and drives the heat pump heat source machine to store the predicted amount of heat used for hot water supply in the hot water storage tank. The control means includes a temperature detecting means for detecting the incoming water temperature or the outside air temperature of the heat pump heat source machine, and the control means determines whether or not the freeze prevention operation is necessary based on the stored detection temperature of the temperature detecting means, and also determines the necessity of the freeze prevention operation. operation if is determined to be necessary, configured to execute the hot-water stocking operation by the prediction correction for hot water supply using heat to increase the amount of heat required for the freeze prevention operation, and the predicted water heater When the correction for increasing the amount of heat used is performed, the hot water storage operation for the amount of heat used for which the increase is corrected is characterized in that the hot water storage operation for the predicted amount of heat used for hot water supply is performed earlier than the hot water storage operation at a lower temperature .

上記構成により、凍結予防運転が必要と判定された場合には、予測した給湯使用熱量について凍結予防運転用の熱量を増加させる補正を行って、貯湯運転時に貯留することができる。そして、貯留した湯水を凍結予防運転に使用して、凍結予防運転の際に湯水の循環の継続期間を短くすることができるので、凍結予防運転によるエネルギー効率の低下を抑えることが可能なエネルギー効率が高い貯湯給湯装置にすることができる。また、ヒートポンプ熱源機の起動の繰り返しを抑制でき、ヒートポンプ熱源機の耐久性を損なうことがない。
そして、貯湯運転により形成される温度成層が崩れないように貯湯運転開始直後に凍結予防運転用の湯水を貯留した後で給湯用の湯水を貯留するので、給湯終了後に貯湯タンク上部に凍結予防運転用の湯水が貯留された状態とすることができる。また、ヒートポンプ熱源機の起動直後の安定した加熱が行えないときに低温で凍結予防運転用の湯水を貯湯するので、ヒートポンプ熱源機のＣＯＰの低下を抑えることができ、エネルギー効率が高い貯湯給湯装置にすることができる。 According to the above configuration, when it is determined that the anti-freezing operation is necessary, the predicted amount of heat used for hot water supply can be corrected to increase the amount of heat for the anti-freezing operation and stored during the hot water storage operation. Then, the stored hot water can be used for the freeze prevention operation to shorten the duration of the circulation of the hot water during the freeze prevention operation, so that the energy efficiency that can suppress the decrease in energy efficiency due to the freeze prevention operation can be suppressed. Can be a high hot water storage and hot water supply device. In addition, repeated startup of the heat pump heat source machine can be suppressed, and the durability of the heat pump heat source machine is not impaired.
Then, since the hot water for hot water supply is stored immediately after the start of the hot water storage operation so that the temperature stratification formed by the hot water storage operation is not collapsed, the hot water for hot water supply is stored. The hot water for use can be stored. In addition, since hot water for freeze prevention operation is stored at a low temperature when stable heating cannot be performed immediately after the heat pump heat source machine is started, it is possible to suppress a decrease in COP of the heat pump heat source machine, and a hot water storage device with high energy efficiency. Can be.

請求項２の発明は、請求項１において、前記貯湯タンクに貯留された湯水温度を検知する貯湯温度検知手段と、前記貯湯温度検知手段が検知した温度が、給湯設定温度の出湯が困難な温度となった場合に前記貯湯タンクに貯留された湯水を加熱して出湯可能な補助熱源機を備え、前記貯湯運転は、予測した給湯使用の直前に完了することを特徴としている。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, the hot water storage temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank and the temperature detected by the hot water storage temperature detecting means are the temperatures at which it is difficult to discharge the hot water supply set temperature. The hot water storage tank is provided with an auxiliary heat source machine capable of heating the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank to discharge the hot water, and the hot water storage operation is characterized in that it is completed immediately before the predicted use of the hot water supply.

上記構成により、貯留した湯水を温度低下前に給湯に使用できるので、エネルギー効率が高い貯湯給湯装置が実現できる。また貯留した湯水の温度が、給湯設定温度の出湯が困難な温度となってもその湯水を補助熱源機で加熱して給湯できるので、貯留した湯水を無駄なく使用して補助熱源機の使用によるエネルギー効率の低下を抑えることができる。 With the above configuration, the stored hot water can be used for hot water supply before the temperature drops, so that a hot water storage and hot water supply device with high energy efficiency can be realized. In addition, even if the temperature of the stored hot water becomes a temperature at which it is difficult to discharge the hot water at the set temperature, the hot water can be heated by the auxiliary heat source machine and supplied, so the stored hot water can be used without waste and the auxiliary heat source machine can be used. It is possible to suppress a decrease in energy efficiency.

本発明によれば、凍結予防運転によるエネルギー効率の低下を抑えることが可能なエネルギー効率が高い貯湯給湯装置にすることができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a hot water storage and hot water supply device having high energy efficiency, which can suppress a decrease in energy efficiency due to freeze prevention operation.

本発明の実施例に係る貯湯給湯装置の全体構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the hot water storage hot water supply apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 学習記憶したデータに基づく目標貯湯熱量の設定の１例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the setting of the target hot water storage heat quantity based on the learning and memorized data.

以下、本発明を実施するための形態について実施例に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to examples.

最初に、図１に基づいて貯湯給湯装置１の全体構成について説明する。
貯湯給湯装置１は、貯湯タンク２、補助熱源機３、外部熱源機４としてヒートポンプ熱源機等を備えている。貯湯給湯装置１は、外部熱源機４により加熱した湯水を貯湯タンク２に貯留し、この湯水を給湯に使用する。また、貯湯給湯装置１は、補助熱源機３により加熱した湯水を給湯や風呂追焚等に使用可能である。補助熱源機３は、例えば燃料ガスの燃焼熱を利用して湯水を加熱する燃焼式の給湯装置である。 First, the overall configuration of the hot water storage and hot water supply device 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
The hot water storage device 1 includes a hot water storage tank 2, an auxiliary heat source machine 3, a heat pump heat source machine as an external heat source machine 4, and the like. The hot water storage device 1 stores hot water heated by the external heat source machine 4 in the hot water storage tank 2, and uses this hot water for hot water supply. Further, the hot water storage hot water supply device 1 can use hot water heated by the auxiliary heat source machine 3 for hot water supply, bath reheating, and the like. The auxiliary heat source machine 3 is, for example, a combustion type hot water supply device that heats hot water using the combustion heat of fuel gas.

貯湯タンク２の上部には、貯湯タンク２に貯留した湯水を出湯するための出湯通路１１が接続されている。また、貯湯タンク２の下部には、貯湯タンク２に上水源から上水を供給するための給水通路１２が接続されている。この給水通路１２から分岐したバイパス通路１３が出湯通路１１に接続され、この接続部に出湯通路１１の湯水とバイパス通路１３の上水を混合する混合手段として混合比率を調整可能な湯水混合弁１４が配設されている。湯水混合弁１４には給湯通路１５が接続され、湯水混合弁１４で混合された湯水が給湯通路１５を流通して図示外の給湯栓等に給湯される。 A hot water discharge passage 11 for discharging hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2. Further, a water supply passage 12 for supplying clean water from a clean water source to the hot water storage tank 2 is connected to the lower portion of the hot water storage tank 2. The bypass passage 13 branched from the water supply passage 12 is connected to the hot water outlet passage 11, and the hot water mixing valve 14 whose mixing ratio can be adjusted as a mixing means for mixing the hot water of the hot water passage 11 and the clean water of the bypass passage 13 at this connection portion. Are arranged. A hot water supply passage 15 is connected to the hot water mixing valve 14, and hot water mixed by the hot water mixing valve 14 flows through the hot water supply passage 15 and is supplied to a hot water tap or the like (not shown).

貯湯タンク２の下部には外部熱源機４に湯水を供給する上流加熱通路５ａが接続され、この外部熱源機４で加熱された湯水を貯湯タンク２に供給する下流加熱通路５ｂが貯湯タンク２の上部に接続されて、貯湯タンク２と外部熱源機４の間で湯水が循環可能な循環加熱回路５が形成されている。上流加熱通路５ａには、貯湯タンク２から外部熱源機４に入水する湯水の入水温度を検知する入水温度センサ６ａ（入水温度検知手段）と、沸き上げポンプ１６と切換弁１７が配設されている。下流加熱通路５ｂには、外部熱源機４で加熱された湯水の温度を検知する加熱温度センサ６ｂが配設され、下流加熱通路５ｂから分岐した戻り通路部５ｃが切換弁１７に接続されている。外部熱源機４の起動直後等の加熱を十分することができない場合に、切換弁１７を切換えて、外部熱源機４で加熱した湯水を再び外部熱源機４に送るようにすることができる。図示を省略するが、上流加熱通路５ａ及び下流加熱通路５ｂは保温材で覆われている。 An upstream heating passage 5a for supplying hot water to the external heat source machine 4 is connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2, and a downstream heating passage 5b for supplying the hot water heated by the external heat source machine 4 to the hot water storage tank 2 is the hot water storage tank 2. Connected to the upper part, a circulation heating circuit 5 is formed in which hot water can be circulated between the hot water storage tank 2 and the external heat source machine 4. The upstream heating passage 5a is provided with a water entry temperature sensor 6a (water entry temperature detecting means) for detecting the entry temperature of hot water entering the external heat source machine 4 from the hot water storage tank 2, a boiling pump 16 and a switching valve 17. There is. A heating temperature sensor 6b for detecting the temperature of hot water heated by the external heat source machine 4 is disposed in the downstream heating passage 5b, and a return passage portion 5c branched from the downstream heating passage 5b is connected to the switching valve 17. .. When the heating cannot be sufficiently performed immediately after the start of the external heat source machine 4, the switching valve 17 can be switched so that the hot water heated by the external heat source machine 4 is sent to the external heat source machine 4 again. Although not shown, the upstream heating passage 5a and the downstream heating passage 5b are covered with a heat insulating material.

貯湯タンク２の外周には、貯留された湯水の温度を検知する複数の貯湯温度センサ２ａ〜２ｄ（貯湯温度検知手段）が上下方向に所定の間隔を空けて設けられている。これら貯湯温度センサ２ａ〜２ｄ及び貯湯タンク２は、貯湯タンク２に貯留された湯水の降温を防ぐ図示外の保温材により覆われている。出湯通路１１には、出湯通路１１を流通して湯水混合弁１４に供給される湯水の出湯温度を検知するための出湯温度センサ１１ａが配設されている。給水通路１２には、上水源から供給される上水の温度を検知するための給水温度センサ１２ａが配設されている。給湯通路１５には、給湯温度を検知するための給湯温度センサ１５ａが配設されている。図示を省略するが、給湯通路１５は、凍結予防ヒータが巻かれている。 A plurality of hot water storage temperature sensors 2a to 2d (hot water storage temperature detecting means) for detecting the temperature of the stored hot water are provided on the outer periphery of the hot water storage tank 2 at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction. The hot water storage temperature sensors 2a to 2d and the hot water storage tank 2 are covered with a heat insulating material (not shown) that prevents the temperature of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 from falling. The hot water discharge passage 11 is provided with a hot water temperature sensor 11a for detecting the hot water temperature of the hot water that flows through the hot water passage 11 and is supplied to the hot water mixing valve 14. The water supply passage 12 is provided with a water supply temperature sensor 12a for detecting the temperature of the clean water supplied from the clean water source. A hot water supply temperature sensor 15a for detecting the hot water supply temperature is arranged in the hot water supply passage 15. Although not shown, the hot water supply passage 15 is wound with a freeze prevention heater.

貯湯タンク２の湯水を補助熱源機３で加熱するための補助加熱通路２１は、出湯通路１１から分岐されて補助熱源機３に接続されている。補助熱源機３で加熱した湯水を出湯するための補助加熱出湯通路２２は、補助加熱通路２１の分岐部より下流側の出湯通路１１に調整弁２３を介して接続されている。調整弁２３は、補助加熱出湯通路２２を通って出湯通路１１に供給される湯水量を調整する。補助加熱通路２１には、三方弁２４と補助熱源機３に湯水を送るためのポンプ２５が配設されている。 The auxiliary heating passage 21 for heating the hot water of the hot water storage tank 2 by the auxiliary heat source machine 3 is branched from the hot water outlet passage 11 and connected to the auxiliary heat source machine 3. The auxiliary heating hot water outlet passage 22 for discharging hot water heated by the auxiliary heat source machine 3 is connected to the hot water discharge passage 11 on the downstream side of the branch portion of the auxiliary heating passage 21 via a regulating valve 23. The adjusting valve 23 adjusts the amount of hot water supplied to the hot water outlet passage 11 through the auxiliary heating hot water outlet passage 22. The auxiliary heating passage 21 is provided with a three-way valve 24 and a pump 25 for sending hot water to the auxiliary heat source machine 3.

補助加熱出湯通路２２から分岐した熱交換器通路２６は、三方弁２４に接続されている。三方弁２４は、貯湯タンク２の湯水又は熱交換器通路２６の湯水を補助熱源機３に供給可能となるように切換えられる。熱交換器通路２６には熱交換器２６ａと開閉弁２６ｂが配設されている。熱交換器２６ａは、追焚ポンプ２７の作動により追焚回路２８を流れる浴槽２９の湯水を補助熱源機３で加熱した湯水との熱交換により加熱する追焚運転に使用される。熱交換器通路２６には、暖房用の熱交換器が配設されていてもよい。 The heat exchanger passage 26 branched from the auxiliary heating hot water passage 22 is connected to the three-way valve 24. The three-way valve 24 is switched so that the hot water of the hot water storage tank 2 or the hot water of the heat exchanger passage 26 can be supplied to the auxiliary heat source machine 3. A heat exchanger 26a and an on-off valve 26b are arranged in the heat exchanger passage 26. The heat exchanger 26a is used for a reheating operation in which the hot water in the bathtub 29 flowing through the reheating circuit 28 is heated by heat exchange with the hot water heated by the auxiliary heat source machine 3 by the operation of the reheating pump 27. A heat exchanger for heating may be arranged in the heat exchanger passage 26.

給水通路１２には、逆止弁１２ｂと、給水通路１２から分岐して熱交換器通路２６に接続する分岐通路部１２ｃが配設されている。バイパス通路１３には逆止弁１３ａが配設され、バイパス通路１３から分岐して給湯通路１５に接続された高温出湯回避通路３０には、高温出湯回避電磁弁３０ａが配設されている。図示を省略するが、給水通路１２及びバイパス通路１３は、凍結予防ヒータが巻かれている。 The water supply passage 12 is provided with a check valve 12b and a branch passage portion 12c that branches from the water supply passage 12 and connects to the heat exchanger passage 26. A check valve 13a is provided in the bypass passage 13, and a high-temperature hot water avoidance solenoid valve 30a is provided in the high-temperature hot water avoidance passage 30 branched from the bypass passage 13 and connected to the hot water supply passage 15. Although not shown, the water supply passage 12 and the bypass passage 13 are wound with a freeze prevention heater.

貯湯給湯装置１は、出湯温度センサ１１ａ等の検知信号に基づいて給湯運転等を制御する制御部７（制御手段）を備え、使用者が給湯設定温度を設定する操作を行うためのリモコン７ａ（設定手段）が制御部７に通信可能に接続されている。 The hot water storage and hot water supply device 1 includes a control unit 7 (control means) that controls hot water supply operation and the like based on a detection signal of a hot water supply temperature sensor 11a and the like, and a remote controller 7a (for an operation for a user to set a hot water supply set temperature). The setting means) is communicably connected to the control unit 7.

外部熱源機４は、圧縮機３２、凝縮熱交換器３３、膨張弁３４、蒸発熱交換器３５を冷媒配管により接続したヒートポンプ回路３６を備えている。外部熱源機４は、冷媒配管に封入された冷媒を圧縮機３２で圧縮して昇温し、循環加熱回路５を流通する湯水を凝縮熱交換器３３で高温の冷媒との熱交換により加熱する。熱交換後の冷媒は、膨張弁３４で膨張して外気より低温になり、蒸発熱交換器３５で外気との熱交換により加熱された後、再び圧縮機３２に導入される。 The external heat source machine 4 includes a heat pump circuit 36 in which a compressor 32, a condensed heat exchanger 33, an expansion valve 34, and an evaporative heat exchanger 35 are connected by a refrigerant pipe. The external heat source machine 4 compresses the refrigerant enclosed in the refrigerant pipe with the compressor 32 to raise the temperature, and heats the hot water flowing through the circulation heating circuit 5 by heat exchange with the high-temperature refrigerant with the condensed heat exchanger 33. .. The refrigerant after heat exchange expands at the expansion valve 34 to a lower temperature than the outside air, is heated by heat exchange with the outside air at the evaporation heat exchanger 35, and then is introduced into the compressor 32 again.

蒸発熱交換器３５は、外気温度を検知する外気温センサ３５ａ（温度検知手段）と送風機３５ｂを備えている。また、外部熱源機４は、圧縮機３２、膨張弁３４、送風機３５ｂ等を制御する補助制御部３７を備えている。補助制御部３７は、制御部７に通信可能に接続され、制御部７の指令に従って外部熱源機４を制御する。外気温センサ３５ａに検知された外気温度は、補助制御部３７を介して制御部７に送信される。 The evaporation heat exchanger 35 includes an outside air temperature sensor 35a (temperature detecting means) for detecting the outside air temperature and a blower 35b. Further, the external heat source machine 4 includes an auxiliary control unit 37 that controls a compressor 32, an expansion valve 34, a blower 35b, and the like. The auxiliary control unit 37 is communicably connected to the control unit 7 and controls the external heat source machine 4 according to the command of the control unit 7. The outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 35a is transmitted to the control unit 7 via the auxiliary control unit 37.

次に、給湯運転について説明する。
給湯通路１５には、図示を省略するが給湯流量センサと給湯流量調整弁が配設されている。給湯栓等が開栓されて給湯流量センサが所定の流量を検知すると、制御部７は出湯温度と給水温度に基づいて給湯通路１５を流通する湯水の給湯温度が給湯設定温度となるように湯水混合弁１４の混合比率を調整する。そして給湯温度センサ１５ａが検知した給湯温度に基づいて、制御部７は湯水混合弁１４の混合比率をさらに調整する。また、高温給湯時等、給湯設定温度の出湯が困難な場合に補助熱源機３を作動させて加熱した湯水を給湯する。 Next, the hot water supply operation will be described.
Although not shown, the hot water supply passage 15 is provided with a hot water supply flow rate sensor and a hot water supply flow rate adjusting valve. When the hot water supply tap or the like is opened and the hot water supply flow rate sensor detects a predetermined flow rate, the control unit 7 sets the hot water supply temperature of the hot water flowing through the hot water supply passage 15 based on the hot water outlet temperature and the hot water supply temperature. Adjust the mixing ratio of the mixing valve 14. Then, the control unit 7 further adjusts the mixing ratio of the hot water mixing valve 14 based on the hot water supply temperature detected by the hot water supply temperature sensor 15a. In addition, when it is difficult to generate hot water at the set temperature for hot water supply, such as during high-temperature hot water supply, the auxiliary heat source machine 3 is operated to supply heated hot water.

次に、貯湯運転について説明する。
制御部７は、給湯使用状況として過去の外部熱源機４の入水温度や外気温度、給湯使用熱量等の時系列データを更新しながら学習記憶している。例えば図２に示すように、制御部７は学習記憶されたデータに基づいて将来の給湯使用熱量を予測し、この予測した給湯使用熱量（予測使用熱量）に基づいて目標貯湯熱量を設定する。このとき、学習記憶された現在までの外気温度や入水温度等に基づいて凍結予防運転の要否を判定する。尚、給湯使用量が多い時間帯には、予め貯湯量を増やすように目標貯湯熱量を設定することができる。 Next, the hot water storage operation will be described.
The control unit 7 learns and stores the past hot water supply usage status while updating time-series data such as the water entry temperature, the outside air temperature, and the amount of heat used for hot water supply. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the control unit 7 predicts the future amount of heat used for hot water supply based on the data learned and stored, and sets the target amount of heat stored for hot water based on the predicted amount of heat used for hot water supply (predicted amount of heat used for hot water supply). At this time, the necessity of freeze prevention operation is determined based on the learning and memorized outside air temperature, water entry temperature, and the like up to the present. It should be noted that the target amount of hot water storage can be set in advance so as to increase the amount of hot water stored during the time when the amount of hot water used is large.

凍結予防運転が要否の判定は、制御部７が予測使用熱量から目標貯湯熱量を設定する時に、現在までの外気温度に基づいて行う。図２において例えば現在が２０時３０分であるときに、今回実行する貯湯運転の後、しばらくの間（例えば６時間）貯湯運転の予定がなく、現在の外気温度が基準外気温度（例えば５℃）を下回っている場合、又は現在までの外気温度の変化速度に基づき将来の外気温度が基準外気温度を下回ることが予測される場合に、凍結予防運転が必要であると判定する。 The determination as to whether or not the freeze prevention operation is necessary is performed based on the outside air temperature up to now when the control unit 7 sets the target hot water storage heat amount from the predicted heat consumption amount. In FIG. 2, for example, when the current time is 20:30, there is no plan for a hot water storage operation for a while (for example, 6 hours) after the hot water storage operation to be executed this time, and the current outside air temperature is the reference outside air temperature (for example, 5 ° C.). ), Or if it is predicted that the future outside air temperature will fall below the standard outside air temperature based on the rate of change of the outside air temperature up to the present, it is determined that antifreeze operation is necessary.

凍結予防運転が必要であると判定した場合、凍結予防運転に必要な熱量を増加させるように予測使用熱量に加算する補正をする。そして、この補正した予測使用熱量に基づいて目標貯湯熱量を設定する。一方、凍結予防運転は必要ないと判定した場合には、予測使用熱量に基づいて目標貯湯熱量を設定する。尚、現在までの外部熱源機４の入水温度に基づいて、既に基準入水温度（例えば５℃）未満である又は将来基準入水温度を下回ると予測される場合に、凍結予防運転が必要であると判定するように構成してもよい。 If it is determined that anti-freezing operation is necessary, a correction is made to add to the predicted amount of heat used so as to increase the amount of heat required for anti-freezing operation. Then, the target hot water storage calorific value is set based on the corrected predicted calorific value used. On the other hand, if it is determined that anti-freezing operation is not necessary, the target amount of heat stored in hot water is set based on the predicted amount of heat used. If it is predicted that the temperature is already below the standard entry temperature (for example, 5 ° C) or will be lower than the standard entry temperature in the future based on the entry temperature of the external heat source machine 4 up to now, the freeze prevention operation is necessary. It may be configured to determine.

制御部７は、設定された目標貯湯熱量を貯湯タンク２の湯水に蓄えるための貯湯運転が給湯使用の直前に完了するように貯湯運転を開始する。貯湯運転の貯湯温度は、通常設定される給湯設定温度（例えば４２℃）の給湯が可能な、例えば４５℃以上の温度に設定される。基本的に貯湯温度が低温である程入水温度との温度差が小さくなるため、外部熱源機４のＣＯＰ（成績係数）が向上する。貯湯温度は、貯湯タンク２の容量や目標貯湯熱量に応じて変更可能であるが、外部熱源機４のＣＯＰが高くなる貯湯温度を設定して貯湯給湯装置１のエネルギー効率の向上を図っている。 The control unit 7 starts the hot water storage operation so that the hot water storage operation for storing the set target hot water storage heat in the hot water of the hot water storage tank 2 is completed immediately before the hot water supply is used. The hot water storage temperature in the hot water storage operation is set to a temperature of, for example, 45 ° C. or higher at which hot water can be supplied at a normally set hot water supply set temperature (for example, 42 ° C.). Basically, the lower the hot water storage temperature is, the smaller the temperature difference from the incoming water temperature is, so that the COP (coefficient of performance) of the external heat source machine 4 is improved. The hot water storage temperature can be changed according to the capacity of the hot water storage tank 2 and the target hot water storage heat amount, but the energy efficiency of the hot water storage device 1 is improved by setting the hot water storage temperature at which the COP of the external heat source machine 4 becomes high. ..

凍結予防運転用の湯水は給湯されないので、給湯設定温度より低温（例えば３０℃）で貯湯運転を行う。それ故、外部熱源機４のＣＯＰを高くすることができ、凍結予防運転による貯湯給湯装置１のエネルギー効率の低下を小さくすることができる。この場合、凍結予防運転用の湯水は給湯用の湯水の貯湯温度より低温なので、凍結予防運転用の湯水の貯湯運転を行った後で給湯用の湯水の貯湯運転を行う。これにより、貯湯タンク２内に形成される温度成層が自然対流により崩れることがなく、給湯運転の妨げとならない。また、外部熱源機４が停止状態から起動されて安定して十分な加熱を行うことができない起動直後に凍結予防運転用の低温の湯水の貯湯運転を行うので、外部熱源機４のＣＯＰの低下が抑えられる。尚、給湯用の湯水と同じ貯湯温度で貯湯運転を行うこともできる。 Since hot water for freeze prevention operation is not supplied, hot water storage operation is performed at a temperature lower than the set temperature for hot water supply (for example, 30 ° C.). Therefore, the COP of the external heat source machine 4 can be increased, and the decrease in energy efficiency of the hot water storage and hot water supply device 1 due to the freeze prevention operation can be reduced. In this case, since the hot water for the freeze prevention operation is lower than the hot water storage temperature for the hot water supply, the hot water storage operation for the hot water supply is performed after the hot water storage operation for the freeze prevention operation is performed. As a result, the temperature stratification formed in the hot water storage tank 2 does not collapse due to natural convection and does not interfere with the hot water supply operation. Further, since the external heat source machine 4 is started from a stopped state and stable and sufficient heating cannot be performed, the COP of the external heat source machine 4 is lowered because the low temperature hot water storage operation for the freeze prevention operation is performed immediately after the start. Is suppressed. It is also possible to perform the hot water storage operation at the same hot water storage temperature as the hot water for hot water supply.

次に、凍結予防運転について説明する。
制御部７は、凍結予防運転が必要と判定した場合において、外気温度が基準外気温度を下回った場合、若しくは入水温度が基準入水温度を下回った場合、又はその両方の条件が成立した場合に、沸き上げポンプ１６を駆動して循環加熱回路５に貯湯タンク２の湯水を循環させる凍結予防運転を開始する。凍結予防運転の継続により凍結予防運転用に貯留された湯水が貯湯タンク２内で攪拌され、上水より温度が高い湯水が循環するようになる。これにより循環加熱回路５の凍結を防ぐことができる。このとき、外部熱源機４を起動せず、圧縮機３２や送風機３５ｂを作動させない。制御部７は、外部熱源機４の入水温度が所定温度（例えば５℃）以上上昇したことを検知したら凍結予防運転を停止する。制御部７は次回の貯湯運転まで、この凍結予防運転を繰り返して実行する。尚、凍結予防運転が必要と判定されると、給水通路１２等の凍結予防ヒータを作動させて湯水の循環ができない通路の凍結を防いでいる。 Next, the freeze prevention operation will be described.
When the control unit 7 determines that the freeze prevention operation is necessary, the outside air temperature is below the reference outside air temperature, the entry water temperature is below the reference entry temperature, or both conditions are satisfied. The freezing prevention operation of driving the boiling pump 16 to circulate the hot water of the hot water storage tank 2 in the circulation heating circuit 5 is started. By continuing the freeze prevention operation, the hot water stored for the freeze prevention operation is agitated in the hot water storage tank 2, and the hot water having a temperature higher than that of the clean water circulates. This makes it possible to prevent the circulation heating circuit 5 from freezing. At this time, the external heat source machine 4 is not started, and the compressor 32 and the blower 35b are not operated. When the control unit 7 detects that the water entry temperature of the external heat source machine 4 has risen by a predetermined temperature (for example, 5 ° C.) or more, the control unit 7 stops the freeze prevention operation. The control unit 7 repeats this freeze prevention operation until the next hot water storage operation. When it is determined that the freeze prevention operation is necessary, the freeze prevention heater such as the water supply passage 12 is operated to prevent the passage where the hot water cannot be circulated from freezing.

貯湯タンク２の上部に貯留された凍結予防運転用の湯水を、ポンプ２５を駆動して熱交換器通路２６と分岐通路部１２ｃを介して貯湯タンク２の下部に移動させて循環加熱回路５に供給することも可能である。温度が高い湯水が循環加熱回路５を流れるので、凍結予防運転を短時間で停止させることができる。また、湯水の温度が高いため、次回の凍結予防運転までの時間が長くなるので、凍結予防運転の実行回数を減らすことができる。従って、沸き上げポンプ１６とポンプ２５の駆動によるエネルギー消費を抑えることができる。その上、このとき湯水が流れる補助加熱通路２１等の通路の凍結も防ぐことができる。 The hot water for freeze prevention operation stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 is moved to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 via the heat exchanger passage 26 and the branch passage portion 12c by driving the pump 25 to the circulation heating circuit 5. It is also possible to supply. Since hot water having a high temperature flows through the circulation heating circuit 5, the freeze prevention operation can be stopped in a short time. In addition, since the temperature of the hot water is high, the time until the next freeze prevention operation is long, so that the number of executions of the freeze prevention operation can be reduced. Therefore, energy consumption due to the drive of the boiling pump 16 and the pump 25 can be suppressed. Moreover, at this time, it is possible to prevent freezing of passages such as the auxiliary heating passage 21 through which hot water flows.

本発明の貯湯給湯装置１の作用、効果について説明する。
貯湯給湯装置１は、学習記憶したデータに基づいて凍結予防運転が必要か否かを判定し、凍結予防運転が必要と判定した場合には給湯用の湯水の貯湯運転時に凍結予防運転用の湯水を貯留し、この凍結予防運転用の湯水を循環加熱回路５に循環させて凍結を防ぐ。貯留した湯水を凍結予防運転に使用するので、凍結予防運転の際に湯水の循環の継続期間を短くすることができ、凍結予防運転によるエネルギー効率の低下を抑えて貯湯給湯装置１のエネルギー効率を高くすることができる。また、外部熱源機４の起動の繰り返しを抑制できるので、外部熱源機４の耐久性を損なうことがなく、外部熱源機４の駆動に伴う騒音を抑えることができる。 The operation and effect of the hot water storage and hot water supply device 1 of the present invention will be described.
The hot water storage hot water supply device 1 determines whether or not antifreezing operation is necessary based on the data learned and stored, and if it is determined that antifreezing operation is necessary, the hot water for hot water supply is hot water for antifreezing operation during the hot water storage operation. Is stored, and the hot water for the freeze prevention operation is circulated in the circulation heating circuit 5 to prevent freezing. Since the stored hot water is used for freeze prevention operation, the duration of hot water circulation can be shortened during freeze prevention operation, and the energy efficiency of the hot water storage device 1 can be improved by suppressing the decrease in energy efficiency due to freeze prevention operation. Can be high. Further, since the repeated activation of the external heat source machine 4 can be suppressed, the durability of the external heat source machine 4 is not impaired, and the noise associated with the driving of the external heat source machine 4 can be suppressed.

また、給湯使用の直前に完了するように貯湯運転を行うため、貯留した湯水を温度低下前に給湯に使用できるので貯湯給湯装置１のエネルギー効率が向上する。給湯設定温度の出湯が困難な温度となっても貯留した湯水を補助熱源機３で加熱するので、貯留した湯水を無駄なく使用して補助熱源機３の使用によるエネルギー効率の低下を抑えることができる。 Further, since the hot water storage operation is performed so as to be completed immediately before the hot water supply is used, the stored hot water can be used for hot water supply before the temperature drops, so that the energy efficiency of the hot water storage hot water supply device 1 is improved. Since the stored hot water is heated by the auxiliary heat source machine 3 even when the hot water supply set temperature becomes difficult to discharge, it is possible to suppress the decrease in energy efficiency due to the use of the auxiliary heat source machine 3 by using the stored hot water without waste. can.

その上、給湯用の湯水の貯湯運転時に凍結予防運転用の湯水の貯湯運転を行い、凍結予防運転用の湯水の貯湯温度を給湯用の貯湯温度より低温にするので、凍結予防運転によるエネルギー効率の低下を小さく抑えることができる。このとき、貯湯運転により形成される温度成層が崩れないように貯湯運転開始直後に凍結予防運転用の湯水を貯留した後給湯用の湯水を貯留するので、給湯終了後に貯湯タンク上部に凍結予防運転用の湯水が貯留された状態にすることができる。また、外部熱源機４の起動直後の安定した加熱が行えないときに低温の凍結予防運転用の湯水の貯湯運転を行うので、外部熱源機４のＣＯＰの低下を抑えることができ、貯湯給湯装置１のエネルギー効率を高くすることができる。 In addition, the hot water storage operation for freezing prevention operation is performed during the hot water storage operation for hot water supply, and the hot water storage temperature for freezing prevention operation is lower than the hot water storage temperature for hot water supply. The decrease in energy can be suppressed to a small level. At this time, since the hot water for hot water supply is stored immediately after the start of the hot water storage operation so that the temperature stratification formed by the hot water storage operation is not collapsed, the hot water for hot water supply is stored. The hot water for use can be stored. Further, since the hot water storage operation for low-temperature freezing prevention operation is performed when stable heating cannot be performed immediately after the external heat source machine 4 is started, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the COP of the external heat source machine 4, and the hot water storage hot water supply device. The energy efficiency of 1 can be increased.

１ 貯湯給湯装置
２ 貯湯タンク
２ａ〜２ｄ 貯湯温度センサ（貯湯温度検知手段）
３ 補助熱源機
４ 外部熱源機（ヒートポンプ熱源機）
５ 循環加熱回路
６ａ 入水温度センサ（入水温度検知手段）
７ 制御部（制御手段）
１６ 沸き上げポンプ
２５ ポンプ 1 Hot water storage device 2 Hot water storage tanks 2a to 2d Hot water storage temperature sensor (hot water storage temperature detecting means)
3 Auxiliary heat source machine 4 External heat source machine (heat pump heat source machine)
5 Circulation heating circuit 6a Incoming water temperature sensor (incoming water temperature detecting means)
7 Control unit (control means)
16 Boiling pump 25 Pump

Claims (2)

湯水を貯留する貯湯タンクと、ヒートポンプ熱源機と、前記貯湯タンクと前記ヒートポンプ熱源機との間を接続する循環加熱回路とを備え、使用者の給湯使用状況を学習記憶して将来の給湯使用熱量の予測を行うと共に前記ヒートポンプ熱源機を駆動して前記貯湯タンクに予測した給湯使用熱量を貯湯する貯湯運転を実行する制御手段を有する貯湯給湯装置において、
前記ヒートポンプ熱源機の入水温度又は外気温度を検知する温度検知手段を備え、
前記制御手段は、記憶した前記温度検知手段の検知温度に基づいて凍結予防運転の要否を判定すると共に、前記凍結予防運転が必要であると判定した場合には前記凍結予防運転に必要な熱量を増加させるように前記予測した給湯使用熱量の補正をして前記貯湯運転を実行するように構成し、前記予測した給湯使用熱量を増加させる補正をした場合には、この増加補正した熱量分の貯湯運転は、前記予測した給湯使用熱量の貯湯運転よりも低温で先に行うことを特徴とする貯湯給湯装置。 It is equipped with a hot water storage tank for storing hot water, a heat pump heat source machine, and a circulation heating circuit for connecting between the hot water storage tank and the heat pump heat source machine. In a hot water storage device having a control means for executing a hot water storage operation for predicting the above and driving the heat pump heat source machine to store the predicted amount of heat used for hot water supply in the hot water storage tank.
A temperature detecting means for detecting the inflow temperature or the outside air temperature of the heat pump heat source machine is provided.
The control means determines the necessity of the antifreeze operation based on the stored temperature detected by the temperature detecting means, and when it is determined that the antifreeze operation is necessary, the amount of heat required for the antifreeze operation. The predicted amount of heat used for hot water supply is corrected so as to increase the amount of heat used for hot water supply, and the hot water storage operation is executed . The hot water storage operation is a hot water storage device characterized in that the hot water storage operation is performed at a lower temperature than the hot water storage operation of the predicted amount of heat used for hot water supply. 前記貯湯タンクに貯留された湯水温度を検知する貯湯温度検知手段と、
前記貯湯温度検知手段が検知した温度が、給湯設定温度の出湯が困難な温度となった場合に前記貯湯タンクに貯留された湯水を加熱して出湯可能な補助熱源機を備え、
前記貯湯運転は、予測した給湯使用の直前に完了することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の貯湯給湯装置。 A hot water storage temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank, and
Equipped with an auxiliary heat source machine capable of heating hot water stored in the hot water storage tank and discharging hot water when the temperature detected by the hot water storage temperature detecting means becomes a temperature at which it is difficult to discharge hot water at the hot water supply set temperature.
The hot water storage hot water supply device according to claim 1, wherein the hot water storage operation is completed immediately before the predicted hot water supply use.
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