JP2018031523A - Storage water heater - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ヒートポンプ加熱装置と燃焼式の補助熱源機を備えた貯湯給湯装置に関し、特にヒートポンプ加熱装置による加熱温度を変更可能な貯湯給湯装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a hot water storage hot water supply apparatus including a heat pump heating apparatus and a combustion type auxiliary heat source device, and more particularly to a hot water storage hot water supply apparatus capable of changing a heating temperature by the heat pump heating apparatus.
従来から、ヒートポンプ加熱装置で加熱した湯水を貯湯タンクに貯湯し、この貯湯した湯水を給湯する貯湯給湯装置が広く利用されている。ヒートポンプ加熱装置は、加熱運転で消費する電気エネルギーの数倍に相当する熱量を湯水に蓄えることができるため、エネルギー消費効率が良好である。そのため、必要な熱量に相当する湯水を貯湯して給湯に使用することにより、エネルギー消費効率が高い給湯装置とすることができる。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, hot water storage and hot water supply apparatuses that store hot water heated by a heat pump heating device in a hot water storage tank and supply hot water that has been stored have been widely used. Since the heat pump heating device can store the amount of heat corresponding to several times the electrical energy consumed in the heating operation in hot water, the energy consumption efficiency is good. Therefore, a hot water supply device with high energy consumption efficiency can be obtained by storing hot water corresponding to the required amount of heat and using it for hot water supply.
一般にヒートポンプ加熱装置のエネルギー消費効率はＣＯＰ（成績係数）で表される。ヒートポンプ加熱装置は外気の熱を加熱対象である湯水に移動させるので、外気温度と湯水の加熱温度が近いほどＣＯＰは高い値になる。従って、ヒートポンプ加熱装置による湯水の加熱温度が外気温度より高いほどＣＯＰは低下し、また、外気温度や入水温度が加熱温度より低いほどＣＯＰは低下する。 Generally, the energy consumption efficiency of a heat pump heating device is expressed by COP (coefficient of performance). Since the heat pump heating device moves the heat of the outside air to the hot water to be heated, the COP becomes higher as the outside air temperature and the heating temperature of the hot water are closer. Therefore, the COP decreases as the heating temperature of the hot water by the heat pump heating device is higher than the outside air temperature, and the COP decreases as the outside air temperature or the incoming water temperature is lower than the heating temperature.
そのため、ＣＯＰを向上させるために、例えば特許文献１のヒートポンプ式給湯装置のように、貯湯タンクに貯留する湯水の加熱温度を給湯負荷に応じて変更し、給湯負荷が小さい場合には加熱温度を低く設定可能なものがある。 Therefore, in order to improve COP, for example, the heating temperature of hot water stored in a hot water storage tank is changed according to the hot water supply load as in the heat pump hot water supply apparatus of Patent Document 1, and when the hot water supply load is small, the heating temperature is changed. Some can be set low.
しかし、特許文献１のヒートポンプ式給湯装置は、給湯負荷が大きい場合には高温で貯湯を行うためＣＯＰが低下する。また、冬季の外気温度や入水温度が低い期間が続く場合には、その期間は低ＣＯＰの状態で貯湯する虞がある。 However, in the heat pump hot water supply apparatus of Patent Document 1, when the hot water supply load is large, hot water is stored at a high temperature, so that the COP decreases. In addition, when a period in which the outside air temperature and the incoming water temperature are low continues in winter, the hot water may be stored in a low COP state during that period.
本発明の目的は、給湯負荷が小さい場合に予測される必要熱量をＣＯＰが高くなるようにヒートポンプ加熱装置により蓄えると共に、ＣＯＰが低下する場合には、予測される必要熱量の一部を補助熱源機により供給することにより貯湯給湯装置全体のエネルギー消費効率の低下を抑えることが可能な貯湯給湯装置を提供することである。 The object of the present invention is to store the necessary heat amount predicted when the hot water supply load is small by the heat pump heating device so that the COP becomes high. When the COP decreases, a part of the predicted required heat amount is stored as an auxiliary heat source. It is providing the hot water storage hot-water supply apparatus which can suppress the fall of the energy consumption efficiency of the whole hot water storage hot-water supply apparatus by supplying with a machine.
第１の発明は、ヒートポンプ（ＨＰ）加熱装置と、貯湯タンクと、循環加熱回路と、循環手段と、燃焼式の補助熱源機とを有し且つ給湯使用状況を学習記憶して将来の給湯使用量を予測すると共にＨＰ加熱装置により給湯使用の直前に予測必要熱量を貯湯する貯湯給湯装置において、予測必要熱量と貯湯タンク容量と給水温度から最適貯湯温度を演算する最適貯湯温度決定手段と、外気温度とＨＰ入水温度と加熱温度からＨＰのＣＯＰを演算すると共に、演算したＣＯＰと補助熱源機の燃焼効率に基づいて加熱上限温度を決定する上限温度決定手段と、前記最適貯湯温度が前記加熱上限温度を超える場合には、前記加熱上限温度を貯湯温度として貯湯する貯湯制御手段とを備えたことを特徴としている。 The first invention has a heat pump (HP) heating device, a hot water storage tank, a circulation heating circuit, a circulation means, and a combustion-type auxiliary heat source machine, and learns and stores hot water use status to use future hot water In a hot water storage hot water supply apparatus for predicting the amount and storing the required heat quantity immediately before using the hot water supply by the HP heating device, an optimum hot water storage temperature determining means for calculating the optimum hot water temperature from the predicted required heat quantity, the hot water storage tank capacity, and the feed water temperature, and the outside air Calculating the COP of the HP from the temperature, the HP incoming water temperature and the heating temperature, and determining the heating upper limit temperature based on the calculated COP and the combustion efficiency of the auxiliary heat source unit; and the optimum hot water storage temperature is the heating upper limit A hot water storage control means for storing hot water as the hot water storage temperature when the temperature exceeds the temperature is provided.
上記構成によれば、予測必要熱量をＨＰ加熱装置により最適貯湯温度で貯湯する場合には、ＣＯＰが高くなるように最適貯湯温度を決定可能である。また、ＨＰ加熱装置による加熱温度を加熱上限温度より高い温度に設定しないので、低ＣＯＰになる温度での貯湯を回避して貯湯給湯装置全体のエネルギー消費効率が低くならないように加熱温度を制御可能である。 According to the above configuration, when the predicted required heat quantity is stored at the optimal hot water storage temperature by the HP heating device, the optimal hot water storage temperature can be determined so that the COP becomes high. In addition, since the heating temperature by the HP heating device is not set higher than the upper heating limit temperature, it is possible to control the heating temperature so as to avoid hot water storage at a low COP temperature and not to reduce the energy consumption efficiency of the entire hot water storage hot water supply device. It is.
第２の発明は、第１の発明において、給湯において前記補助熱源機が使用された場合には、その後に行う貯湯運転の最適貯湯温度を上昇させることを特徴としている。 The second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, when the auxiliary heat source device is used in hot water supply, the optimum hot water storage temperature of the hot water storage operation performed thereafter is increased.
上記構成によれば、直近の給湯の使用熱量がその予測必要熱量を上回った場合に、次の給湯に必要な熱量の増加を予測して最適貯湯温度を上昇させるので、予測必要熱量をＨＰ加熱装置による貯湯運転により蓄えることができ、補助熱源機の使用を回避してエネルギー消費効率の低下を抑えることができる。 According to the above configuration, when the amount of heat used for the latest hot water supply exceeds the predicted required heat amount, the increase in the amount of heat necessary for the next hot water supply is predicted and the optimum hot water storage temperature is raised. It can be stored by hot water storage operation by the device, and the use of an auxiliary heat source machine can be avoided to prevent a decrease in energy consumption efficiency.
第３の発明は、第１または第２の発明において、前記最適貯湯温度決定手段による演算対象として、給水温度に代えて外気温度を用いることを特徴としている。 The third invention is characterized in that, in the first or second invention, the outside air temperature is used instead of the feed water temperature as a calculation target by the optimum hot water storage temperature determining means.
上記構成によれば、給水温度よりも時間と共に変動し易い外気温度を用いるので、ＨＰのＣＯＰが高くなる最適貯湯温度を外気温度に合わせて決定することができる。 According to the above configuration, since the outside air temperature that is more likely to fluctuate with time than the feed water temperature is used, the optimum hot water storage temperature at which the COP of the HP becomes high can be determined according to the outside air temperature.
本発明によれば、給湯負荷が小さい場合に予測必要熱量をＣＯＰが高くなるようにＨＰ加熱装置により蓄えると共に、給湯負荷が大きいためＨＰ加熱装置のＣＯＰが低下する場合には、予測必要熱量の一部を補助熱源機が供給することにより貯湯給湯装置全体のエネルギー消費効率の低下を抑えることが可能な貯湯給湯装置を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, when the hot water supply load is small, the predicted required heat amount is stored by the HP heating device so that the COP becomes high, and when the COP of the HP heating device decreases because the hot water supply load is large, the predicted required heat amount is reduced. It is possible to provide a hot water storage hot water supply apparatus that can suppress a decrease in energy consumption efficiency of the entire hot water storage hot water supply apparatus by supplying a part of the auxiliary heat source device.
以下、本発明を実施するための形態について実施例に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described based on examples.
最初に、貯湯給湯装置１の全体構成について、図１に基づいて説明する。
図１に示すように、貯湯給湯装置１は、補助熱源機４を有する貯湯ユニット２と、ＨＰ加熱装置３を有する。貯湯ユニット２とＨＰ加熱装置３の間には通信手段５０が設けられ、両ユニット間で相互に通信が可能である。補助熱源機４は燃焼式の熱源機である。
Initially, the whole structure of the hot water storage hot-water supply apparatus 1 is demonstrated based on FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the hot water storage hot water supply device 1 includes a hot water storage unit 2 having an auxiliary heat source unit 4 and an HP heating device 3. A communication means 50 is provided between the hot water storage unit 2 and the HP heating device 3, and communication between the two units is possible. The auxiliary heat source unit 4 is a combustion type heat source unit.
貯湯ユニット２は、補助熱源機４と、湯水を貯留する貯湯タンク５と、貯湯タンク５の上端部に接続された出湯通路６と、出湯通路６に接続されて湯水を給湯先へ供給する給湯通路７と、給湯通路７から分岐して浴槽１３Ａに湯張りを行う注湯通路８と、貯湯タンク５の湯水をＨＰ加熱装置３で加熱して貯湯タンク５に貯留するように循環させる循環加熱回路９と、貯湯タンク５に上水を供給する給水通路１０と、湯水と上水を混合する混合弁１６と、浴槽１３Ａの湯水を加熱するための風呂追焚用の熱交換器１２と、補助出湯通路１４ｃから分岐し熱交換器１２に湯水を供給する追焚湯水通路３１と、追焚回路１３と、各種制御を行う貯湯制御部１１と、操作リモコン６０等を備えている。 The hot water storage unit 2 includes an auxiliary heat source unit 4, a hot water storage tank 5 for storing hot water, a hot water passage 6 connected to the upper end of the hot water tank 5, and a hot water supply connected to the hot water passage 6 to supply hot water to a hot water supply destination. Circulating heating that circulates so as to heat the hot water in the hot water storage tank 5 by the HP heating device 3 and store it in the hot water storage tank 5 by branching from the hot water supply passage 7 and the pouring passage 8 that branches from the hot water supply passage 7. A circuit 9, a water supply passage 10 for supplying clean water to the hot water storage tank 5, a mixing valve 16 for mixing hot water and clean water, and a heat exchanger 12 for bath remedy for heating hot water in the bathtub 13A, A hot water supply passage 31 that branches from the auxiliary hot water supply passage 14c and supplies hot water to the heat exchanger 12, a hot water supply circuit 13, a hot water storage controller 11 that performs various controls, an operation remote controller 60, and the like are provided.
貯湯タンク５の側部には、複数の貯湯温度センサ５ａ〜５ｄが適当な間隔で設けられ、貯留された湯水の温度を検知する。図示を省略するが、貯湯タンク５の周囲は、貯留された湯水の降温を防ぐ断熱材で覆われている。 A plurality of hot water storage temperature sensors 5a to 5d are provided at appropriate intervals on the side of the hot water storage tank 5 to detect the temperature of the stored hot water. Although illustration is omitted, the periphery of the hot water storage tank 5 is covered with a heat insulating material that prevents the temperature of the stored hot water from falling.
給水通路１０は、上流端が上水源に接続され、下流端が貯湯タンク５の下端部に接続され、上水源から低温の上水を貯湯タンク５等に供給する。給水通路１０から給水バイパス通路１８が分岐されて混合弁１６に接続されている。給水通路１０には、分岐部より上流側に給水温度センサ１９が設けられ、分岐部より下流側に逆止弁２０が設けられている。給水バイパス通路１８には逆止弁２１が設けられている。給水バイパス通路１８から高温出湯回避通路２２が分岐されて給湯通路７に接続され、高温出湯を回避可能に設けられている。 The water supply passage 10 has an upstream end connected to a water supply source and a downstream end connected to a lower end portion of the hot water storage tank 5 to supply low temperature hot water from the water supply source to the hot water storage tank 5 and the like. A water supply bypass passage 18 is branched from the water supply passage 10 and connected to the mixing valve 16. In the water supply passage 10, a water supply temperature sensor 19 is provided on the upstream side of the branch portion, and a check valve 20 is provided on the downstream side of the branch portion. A check valve 21 is provided in the water supply bypass passage 18. A hot water discharge bypass passage 22 is branched from the water supply bypass passage 18 and is connected to the hot water supply passage 7 so as to avoid high temperature hot water discharge.
出湯通路６は、上流端が貯湯タンク５の上端部に接続され下流端が混合弁１６に接続されている。混合弁１６には給湯通路７の上流端が接続されている。出湯通路６には貯湯タンク５から出湯された湯水の温度を検知するタンク出湯温度センサ５ｆが設けられている。 The hot water outlet passage 6 has an upstream end connected to the upper end of the hot water storage tank 5 and a downstream end connected to the mixing valve 16. The mixing valve 16 is connected to the upstream end of the hot water supply passage 7. The hot water outlet passage 6 is provided with a tank hot water temperature sensor 5f for detecting the temperature of hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank 5.
混合弁１６は、給水バイパス通路１８から供給される低温の上水と出湯通路６から供給される高温の湯水との混合比を調節して、使用者が操作リモコン６０を介して設定した温度の湯水を給湯通路７に供給する。給湯通路７には、給湯温度センサ２３が設けられて給湯温度を検知可能である。 The mixing valve 16 adjusts the mixing ratio between the low-temperature clean water supplied from the feed water bypass passage 18 and the high-temperature hot water supplied from the hot water discharge passage 6, and has a temperature set by the user via the operation remote controller 60. Hot water is supplied to the hot water supply passage 7. A hot water supply temperature sensor 23 is provided in the hot water supply passage 7 to detect the hot water supply temperature.
給湯通路７から分岐され浴槽１３Ａに湯張りを行う注湯通路８には開閉弁８ａが設けられ、注湯通路８の下流端は後述する風呂往き通路部１３ａに接続されている。 An on-off valve 8a is provided in the pouring passage 8 branched from the hot water passage 7 and filling the bathtub 13A, and the downstream end of the pouring passage 8 is connected to a bath passage portion 13a described later.
追焚湯水通路３１の下流端は給水通路１０の下流部から分岐した下部補助通路３３に接続されている。 The downstream end of the memorial hot water passage 31 is connected to a lower auxiliary passage 33 branched from the downstream portion of the water supply passage 10.
補助熱源機４に湯水を供給するための上部補助通路１４ａが出湯通路６から分岐して三方弁１７に接続され、補助熱源機４に低温の湯水や上水を供給するための下部補助通路３３が三方弁１７に接続され、三方弁１７から延びる補助導入通路１４ｂが補助熱源機４に接続されている。 An upper auxiliary passage 14a for supplying hot water to the auxiliary heat source device 4 is branched from the hot water supply passage 6 and connected to the three-way valve 17, and a lower auxiliary passage 33 for supplying low-temperature hot water or clean water to the auxiliary heat source device 4. Is connected to the three-way valve 17, and an auxiliary introduction passage 14 b extending from the three-way valve 17 is connected to the auxiliary heat source unit 4.
補助導入通路１４ｂには循環ポンプ４０が介装されている。補助熱源機４で加熱された高温湯水が出湯される補助出湯通路１４ｃは混合弁１６よりも上流側で出湯通路６に接続されている。三方弁１７は、貯湯タンク５側と下部補助通路３３側を択一的に切換え可能である。 A circulation pump 40 is interposed in the auxiliary introduction passage 14b. The auxiliary hot water passage 14 c through which the high-temperature hot water heated by the auxiliary heat source device 4 is discharged is connected to the hot water passage 6 upstream of the mixing valve 16. The three-way valve 17 can be selectively switched between the hot water storage tank 5 side and the lower auxiliary passage 33 side.
循環加熱回路９は、往き通路部９ａと戻り通路部９ｂとこれらを接続するバイパス通路部９ｃを備えている。往き通路部９ａは、その上流端が貯湯タンク５の下端部に接続され、その下流端はＨＰ加熱装置３の凝縮熱交換器３６に接続される。戻り通路部９ｂは、その上流端が凝縮熱交換器３６に接続され、その下流端は貯湯タンク５の上端部に接続されている。 The circulation heating circuit 9 includes an outgoing passage portion 9a, a return passage portion 9b, and a bypass passage portion 9c that connects them. The upstream passage 9 a has an upstream end connected to the lower end of the hot water storage tank 5, and a downstream end connected to the condensation heat exchanger 36 of the HP heating device 3. The return passage portion 9 b has an upstream end connected to the condensation heat exchanger 36 and a downstream end connected to the upper end of the hot water storage tank 5.
往き通路部９ａに循環手段である循環ポンプ２５が介装され、戻り通路部９ｂには循環温度センサ９ｄが設けられている。往き通路部９ａとバイパス通路部９ｃの接続箇所に切換三方弁１５が介装されている。切換三方弁１５は、ＨＰ加熱装置３に送る湯水の供給通路を貯湯タンク５側とバイパス通路部９ｃ側とに切換え可能である。 A circulation pump 25, which is a circulation means, is interposed in the forward passage portion 9a, and a circulation temperature sensor 9d is provided in the return passage portion 9b. A switching three-way valve 15 is interposed at a connection point between the forward passage portion 9a and the bypass passage portion 9c. The switching three-way valve 15 can switch the hot water supply passage to be sent to the HP heating device 3 between the hot water storage tank 5 side and the bypass passage portion 9c side.
風呂追焚用の熱交換器１２は、補助出湯通路１４ｃから分岐した追焚湯水通路３１を流れる湯水との熱交換により追焚回路１３を流れる浴槽１３Ａの湯水を加熱する。追焚湯水通路３１には開閉弁３１ａが設けられ、風呂追焚運転時以外は熱交換器１２に湯水が流れないように閉止されている。 The heat exchanger 12 for bath remedy heats hot water in the bathtub 13A flowing through the remedy circuit 13 by heat exchange with hot water flowing through the remedy hot water passage 31 branched from the auxiliary hot water passage 14c. An open / close valve 31a is provided in the remedy hot water passage 31 and is closed so that hot water does not flow into the heat exchanger 12 except during bath remedy operation.
追焚回路１３は、浴槽１３Ａの湯水を熱交換器１２において加熱するように循環させるものであり、熱交換器１２で加熱された湯水を浴槽１３Ａに送る風呂往き通路部１３ａと、浴槽１３Ａの湯水を熱交換器１２に送る循環ポンプ３０が介装された風呂戻り通路部１３ｂを有する。 The memorial circuit 13 circulates the hot water in the bathtub 13A so as to be heated in the heat exchanger 12, and the bath passage section 13a for sending the hot water heated in the heat exchanger 12 to the bathtub 13A, and the bathtub 13A It has a bath return passage portion 13b in which a circulation pump 30 for sending hot water to the heat exchanger 12 is interposed.
ＨＰ加熱装置３は、ＨＰ制御部３４を介して貯湯制御部１１により制御され、圧縮機３５、凝縮熱交換器３６、膨張弁３７、蒸発熱交換器３８を冷媒配管３９により接続することによりヒートポンプ回路を構成し、冷媒配管３９に封入された冷媒と外気の熱を利用して湯水を加熱する。 The HP heating device 3 is controlled by the hot water storage control unit 11 through the HP control unit 34 and connects the compressor 35, the condensation heat exchanger 36, the expansion valve 37, and the evaporating heat exchanger 38 through the refrigerant pipe 39, thereby generating a heat pump. A circuit is configured, and hot water is heated using the refrigerant sealed in the refrigerant pipe 39 and the heat of the outside air.
貯湯制御部１１は、温度検知手段である貯湯温度センサ５ａ〜５ｄ、タンク出湯温度センサ５ｆ、循環温度センサ９ｄ、給水温度センサ１９、給湯温度センサ２３、混合弁入水温度センサ４３、ＨＰ入水温度センサ４１、ＨＰ出湯温度センサ４２等により各部の温度を取得し、切換三方弁１５、混合弁１６、三方弁１７、流量調整弁２６、その他の弁類、循環ポンプ２５，３０，４０等を作動させ、ＨＰ加熱装置３を加熱運転して給湯設定温度の給湯等が可能なように貯湯運転を制御する貯湯制御手段であると共に、湯張り運転等を制御する貯湯給湯装置１の制御手段である。 The hot water storage control unit 11 includes hot water storage temperature sensors 5a to 5d which are temperature detection means, a tank hot water temperature sensor 5f, a circulating temperature sensor 9d, a hot water temperature sensor 19, a hot water temperature sensor 23, a mixing valve incoming water temperature sensor 43, and an HP incoming water temperature sensor. 41, the temperature of each part is acquired by the HP hot water temperature sensor 42, etc., and the switching three-way valve 15, the mixing valve 16, the three-way valve 17, the flow rate adjusting valve 26, other valves, the circulation pumps 25, 30, 40, etc. are operated. In addition to hot water storage control means for controlling the hot water storage operation so that the HP heating device 3 can be heated to supply hot water at a hot water supply set temperature, it is also a control means for the hot water storage hot water supply apparatus 1 for controlling hot water filling operation and the like.
次に、貯湯運転について説明する。
貯湯制御部１１は、ＨＰ加熱装置３を作動させると共に、循環ポンプ２５を駆動し、貯湯タンク５の下部から低温の湯水をＨＰ加熱装置３に供給して貯湯運転を行う。ＨＰ加熱装置３に供給された湯水は、加熱された後貯湯タンク５の上部に送られて貯湯される。
Next, hot water storage operation will be described.
The hot water storage controller 11 operates the HP heating device 3 and drives the circulation pump 25 to supply low temperature hot water from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 5 to the HP heating device 3 to perform a hot water storage operation. The hot water supplied to the HP heating device 3 is heated and then sent to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5 to be stored.
貯湯運転は、基本的に加熱温度の湯水が貯湯タンク５の全容量を満たすまで行われる。予測給湯使用量が少ない場合には加熱温度の湯水が貯湯タンク５の上側に貯湯された状態、即ち加熱温度の湯水が貯湯タンク５の全容量を満たしていない状態で貯湯運転を停止することもある。 The hot water storage operation is basically performed until the hot water at the heating temperature fills the entire capacity of the hot water storage tank 5. When the predicted amount of hot water supply is small, the hot water storage operation may be stopped in a state in which hot water at the heating temperature is stored on the upper side of the hot water storage tank 5, that is, hot water at the heating temperature does not satisfy the full capacity of the hot water storage tank 5. is there.
次に、貯湯制御部１１による加熱温度制御について、図２のフローチャートに基づいて説明する。尚、フローチャート中のＳｉ（ｉ＝１，２，・・・）は各ステップを表す。 Next, the heating temperature control by the hot water storage control unit 11 will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. In the flowchart, Si (i = 1, 2,...) Represents each step.
Ｓ１において、学習記憶した過去の給湯使用状況に基づいて将来の給湯使用量を予測する。次にＳ２において、予測した給湯使用量に相当する予測必要熱量を演算する。 In S1, a future hot water supply usage is predicted based on the past hot water usage usage learned and stored. Next, in S2, a predicted required heat amount corresponding to the predicted hot water supply usage is calculated.
貯湯制御部１１は最適貯湯温度決定手段を備えており、この最適貯湯温度決定手段がＳ３において、予測必要熱量と貯湯タンク５の容量と給水温度センサ１９で検知された給水温度に基づいて、最適貯湯温度を演算する。最適貯湯温度は次の（Ａ）式に基づいて演算される。
最適貯湯温度[℃]＝給水温度[℃]＋(予測必要熱量[kcal]／貯湯タンク容量[Ｌ])…（Ａ）
The hot water storage control unit 11 is provided with an optimum hot water storage temperature determining means, and the optimum hot water storage temperature determining means is optimized based on the predicted required heat amount, the capacity of the hot water storage tank 5 and the feed water temperature detected by the feed water temperature sensor 19 in S3. Calculate hot water storage temperature. The optimum hot water storage temperature is calculated based on the following equation (A).
Optimal hot water storage temperature [° C.] = Water supply temperature [° C.] + (Predicted required heat quantity [kcal] / Hot water storage tank capacity [L]) (A)
次にＳ４において、前回の給湯使用時に、補助熱源機４が使用されたか否か判定する。補助熱源機４が使用されていない場合（Ｙｅｓの場合）には、Ｓ５において演算された温度を最適貯湯温度に決定する。補助熱源機４が使用された場合（Ｎｏの場合）には、Ｓ６において最適貯湯温度決定手段はその後に行う貯湯運転の最適貯湯温度を上昇させる。例えば、上記（Ａ）式に基づいて演算された温度より＋１℃高い温度を最適貯湯温度に決定する。尚、最適貯湯温度の下限温度は、貯湯による降温等を考慮して、例えば予め設定されている給湯設定温度より＋２℃高い温度に設定され、給湯設定温度の湯水を給湯可能なように貯湯される。 Next, in S4, it is determined whether or not the auxiliary heat source unit 4 has been used during the previous hot water supply use. When the auxiliary heat source unit 4 is not used (in the case of Yes), the temperature calculated in S5 is determined as the optimum hot water storage temperature. When the auxiliary heat source unit 4 is used (in the case of No), the optimum hot water storage temperature determining means increases the optimum hot water storage temperature of the hot water storage operation performed thereafter in S6. For example, a temperature that is + 1 ° C. higher than the temperature calculated based on the formula (A) is determined as the optimum hot water storage temperature. The lower limit temperature of the optimum hot water storage temperature is set to a temperature that is + 2 ° C. higher than the preset hot water supply set temperature in consideration of the temperature drop due to hot water storage, etc. The
また、貯湯制御部１１は上限温度決定手段を備えている。この上限温度決定手段は、Ｓ７において予め有している複数のＣＯＰテーブルに基づいてＣＯＰを演算する。例えば、上記のように決定された最適貯湯温度で貯湯運転する場合のＣＯＰと、予測必要熱量の一部を最適貯湯温度より所定温度（例えば５℃）低い温度で貯湯運転すると共に補助熱源機４を併用して熱量の不足分を補う場合のＣＯＰ相当値を夫々演算する。ＣＯＰ相当値は、ＨＰ加熱装置３による貯湯熱量と補助熱源機４による供給熱量の割合を加味して、ＨＰ加熱装置３のＣＯＰと補助熱源機４の燃焼効率に基づいて演算される。 Moreover, the hot water storage control part 11 is provided with an upper limit temperature determination means. The upper limit temperature determining means calculates the COP based on a plurality of COP tables that are previously held in S7. For example, the COP when the hot water storage operation is performed at the optimum hot water storage temperature determined as described above and a part of the predicted required heat amount are stored at a predetermined temperature (for example, 5 ° C.) lower than the optimal hot water storage temperature, and the auxiliary heat source unit 4 Are used together to calculate COP equivalent values when the shortage of heat is compensated. The COP equivalent value is calculated based on the COP of the HP heating device 3 and the combustion efficiency of the auxiliary heat source device 4 by taking into account the ratio of the amount of stored hot water by the HP heating device 3 and the amount of heat supplied by the auxiliary heat source device 4.
ＣＯＰテーブルは、図３に示すように、ある加熱温度に対して入水温度と外気温度に基づいてＨＰ加熱装置３のＣＯＰを予め算出したテーブルである。上限温度決定手段は、複数の加熱温度に夫々対応する複数のＣＯＰテーブルを予め有している。尚、図３では算出したＣＯＰを省略している。 As shown in FIG. 3, the COP table is a table in which the COP of the HP heating device 3 is calculated in advance based on the incoming water temperature and the outside air temperature for a certain heating temperature. The upper limit temperature determining means has a plurality of COP tables corresponding respectively to a plurality of heating temperatures. In FIG. 3, the calculated COP is omitted.
次にＳ８において、上限温度決定手段は、Ｓ７で演算した最適貯湯温度でのＣＯＰと補助熱源機を併用する場合のＣＯＰ相当値を比較して、ＣＯＰが高い方の加熱温度を加熱上限温度に決定する。１次エネルギー消費効率等に夫々換算して比較してもよい。 Next, in S8, the upper limit temperature determining means compares the COP equivalent value in the case where the COP at the optimum hot water storage temperature calculated in S7 and the auxiliary heat source device are used together, and sets the heating temperature with the higher COP as the heating upper limit temperature. decide. You may compare by converting into primary energy consumption efficiency etc., respectively.
次にＳ９において、貯湯制御部１１は、最適貯湯温度が加熱上限温度を超えるか否か判定する。最適貯湯温度が加熱上限温度を超えない場合（Ｙｅｓの場合）には、Ｓ１０において加熱温度を最適貯湯温度にする。一方、最適貯湯温度が加熱上限温度を超える場合（Ｎｏの場合）には、Ｓ１１において加熱温度を加熱上限温度にする。 Next, in S9, the hot water storage control unit 11 determines whether or not the optimal hot water storage temperature exceeds the heating upper limit temperature. When the optimal hot water storage temperature does not exceed the upper heating limit temperature (in the case of Yes), the heating temperature is set to the optimal hot water storage temperature in S10. On the other hand, when the optimum hot water storage temperature exceeds the heating upper limit temperature (in the case of No), the heating temperature is set to the heating upper limit temperature in S11.
次にＳ１２において、貯湯運転が給湯使用の直前に終了するように、上記のように決められた加熱温度で貯湯運転を開始する。 Next, in S12, the hot water storage operation is started at the heating temperature determined as described above so that the hot water storage operation is terminated immediately before the use of the hot water supply.
次に、本発明の貯湯給湯装置１の作用、効果について説明する。
予測必要熱量を図４に示すようにＨＰ加熱装置３により最適貯湯温度で貯湯する場合には、上記（Ａ）式に基づいてＣＯＰが高くなるように最適貯湯温度を決定可能である。
Next, the operation and effect of the hot water storage hot water supply apparatus 1 of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIG. 4, when hot water is stored at the optimum hot water storage temperature by the HP heating device 3 as shown in FIG. 4, the optimal hot water storage temperature can be determined based on the above equation (A) so that the COP becomes high.
また、最適貯湯温度が加熱上限温度を超える場合には、図４に示すように予測必要熱量の一部をＨＰ加熱装置３により加熱上限温度で貯湯し、予測必要熱量に対して不足する熱量を給湯時に補助熱源機４により供給する。従って、加熱温度を加熱上限温度より高い温度に設定しないので、低ＣＯＰになる加熱温度での貯湯を回避して貯湯給湯装置１のエネルギー消費効率が低くならないように加熱温度を制御可能である。 In addition, when the optimum hot water storage temperature exceeds the upper heating limit temperature, as shown in FIG. 4, a part of the predicted required heat quantity is stored at the upper heating temperature temperature by the HP heating device 3, and the amount of heat insufficient for the predicted required heat quantity is reduced. It is supplied by the auxiliary heat source unit 4 during hot water supply. Therefore, since the heating temperature is not set higher than the heating upper limit temperature, it is possible to control the heating temperature so as to avoid the hot water storage at the heating temperature at which the COP is low and the energy consumption efficiency of the hot water storage hot water supply apparatus 1 is not lowered.
また、前回の給湯使用時に補助熱源機４を使用した場合には、次の給湯に必要な熱量の増加を予測して最適貯湯温度を上昇させるので、予測必要熱量をＨＰ加熱装置３による貯湯運転により蓄えて補助熱源機４の使用を抑え、貯湯給湯装置１のエネルギー消費効率の低下を抑えることができる。 In addition, when the auxiliary heat source unit 4 is used at the time of the previous hot water use, the optimum hot water storage temperature is raised by predicting an increase in the amount of heat necessary for the next hot water supply. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the use of the auxiliary heat source unit 4 and to suppress the reduction in the energy consumption efficiency of the hot water storage hot water supply apparatus 1.
最適貯湯温度決定手段による演算対象として、給水温度に代えて外気温度を用いることも可能である。給水温度と比べて外気温度は時間と共に変動し易い。そのため、外気温度に応じてＣＯＰを向上可能な最適貯湯温度を決定して貯湯可能なので、貯湯給湯装置１のエネルギー消費効率を向上させることができる。 It is also possible to use the outside air temperature instead of the feed water temperature as the calculation target by the optimum hot water storage temperature determining means. Compared with the feed water temperature, the outside air temperature is likely to vary with time. Therefore, it is possible to store hot water by determining the optimum hot water storage temperature that can improve COP according to the outside air temperature, so that the energy consumption efficiency of the hot water storage hot water supply device 1 can be improved.
その他、当業者であれば、本発明の趣旨を逸脱することなく、前記実施形態に種々の変更を付加した形態で実施可能であり、本発明はそのような変更形態を包含するものである。 In addition, those skilled in the art can implement the invention by adding various modifications to the embodiment without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the invention includes such modifications.
１ 貯湯給湯装置
３ ＨＰ加熱装置
４ 補助熱源機
５ 貯湯タンク
９ 循環加熱回路
１０ 給水通路
１１ 貯湯制御部（最適貯湯温度決定手段、上限温度決定手段、貯湯制御手段）
１９ 給水温度センサ
２５ 循環ポンプ（循環手段）
４１ ＨＰ入水温度センサ
４４ 外気温度センサ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hot water storage hot water supply apparatus 3 HP heating apparatus 4 Auxiliary heat source machine 5 Hot water storage tank 9 Circulation heating circuit 10 Water supply path 11 Hot water storage control part (optimum hot water storage temperature determination means, upper limit temperature determination means, hot water storage control means)
19 Water supply temperature sensor 25 Circulation pump (circulation means)
41 HP water temperature sensor 44 Outside air temperature sensor
Claims (3)
予測必要熱量と貯湯タンク容量と給水温度から最適貯湯温度を演算する最適貯湯温度決定手段と、
外気温度とＨＰ入水温度と加熱温度からＨＰのＣＯＰを演算すると共に、演算したＣＯＰと補助熱源機の燃焼効率に基づいて加熱上限温度を決定する上限温度決定手段と、
前記最適貯湯温度が前記加熱上限温度を超える場合には、前記加熱上限温度を貯湯温度として貯湯する貯湯制御手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする貯湯給湯装置。 It has a heat pump (HP) heating device, a hot water storage tank, a circulation heating circuit, a circulation means, and a combustion-type auxiliary heat source machine, and learns and stores hot water use status to predict future hot water use amount and HP In the hot water storage hot water supply device that stores the required heat quantity just before using the hot water supply by the heating device,
An optimum hot water storage temperature determining means for calculating the optimum hot water temperature from the predicted required heat amount, the hot water storage tank capacity and the feed water temperature;
An upper limit temperature determining means for calculating the COP of the HP from the outside air temperature, the HP incoming water temperature, and the heating temperature, and determining the heating upper limit temperature based on the calculated COP and the combustion efficiency of the auxiliary heat source unit;
When the optimum hot water storage temperature exceeds the heating upper limit temperature, hot water storage control means for storing hot water as the hot water storage temperature,
A hot water storage and hot water supply apparatus characterized by comprising:
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| JP2019173975A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-10 | 株式会社ノーリツ | Hot water storage and supply device |
| JP2019207059A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2019-12-05 | 株式会社ノーリツ | Storage water heater |
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