JP6958257B2 - ガラス組成物、ガラス粉末、導電ペーストおよび太陽電池 - Google Patents
ガラス組成物、ガラス粉末、導電ペーストおよび太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6958257B2 JP6958257B2 JP2017215522A JP2017215522A JP6958257B2 JP 6958257 B2 JP6958257 B2 JP 6958257B2 JP 2017215522 A JP2017215522 A JP 2017215522A JP 2017215522 A JP2017215522 A JP 2017215522A JP 6958257 B2 JP6958257 B2 JP 6958257B2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 162
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 103
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 77
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910007541 Zn O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 55
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 38
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
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- FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC(C)=O FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diimidazo[1,3-b:1',3'-e]pyrazine-5,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CN=CN2C(=O)C2=CN=CN12 UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940116423 propylene glycol diacetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 2
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009766 low-temperature sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940079938 nitrocellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 tarpineol Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/16—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/16—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus
- C03C3/21—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus containing titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten or molybdenum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/23—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing halogen and at least one oxide, e.g. oxide of boron
- C03C3/247—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing halogen and at least one oxide, e.g. oxide of boron containing fluorine and phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/14—Compositions for glass with special properties for electro-conductive glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
- C03C8/12—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/16—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions with vehicle or suspending agents, e.g. slip
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/18—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing free metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
- H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2205/00—Compositions applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels or glazes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
[1]酸化物換算のモル%表示で、PbOを15〜40%、MoO3を25〜50%、P2O5を5〜25%、およびZnOを7〜15%含むことを特徴とするガラス組成物。
[2]さらに、酸化物換算のモル%表記でLi2Oを1〜15%含有する[1]のガラス組成物。
[3]さらに、酸化物換算のモル%表記でWO3を1〜25%含有する[1]または[2]に記載のガラス組成物。
[4]ガラス転移温度が300〜450℃である[1]〜[3]のいずれかに記載のガラス組成物。
[5]累積粒度分布における体積基準の50%粒径をD50としたときに、D50が0.3〜2.0μmである[1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載のガラス組成物からなるガラス粉末。
[6][5]記載のガラス粉末、導電性金属粉末、および有機ビヒクルを含有する導電ペースト。
[7][6]記載の導電ペーストを用いて形成された電極を具備する太陽電池。
<ガラス組成物>
本発明のガラス組成物は、酸化物換算のモル%表示で、PbOを15〜40%、MoO3を25〜50%、P2O5を5〜25%、およびZnOを7〜15%含むことを特徴とする。以下の説明において、特に断りのない限り、ガラス組成物の各成分の含有量における「%」の表示は、酸化物換算のモル%表示である。本明細書において、数値範囲を表す「〜」では、上下限を示す。
本発明のガラス粉末は、本発明のガラス組成物からなり、D50が0.3μm以上2.0μm以下であるのが好ましい。このD50の範囲は、導電ペーストに用いるのに特に好ましい範囲である。D50が0.3μm以上であることで、導電ペーストとした際の分散性がより向上する。また、D50が2.0μm以下であることで、導電性金属粉末の周りにガラス粉末が存在しない個所が発生しにくいため、電極と半導体基板等との接着性がより向上する。この場合、D50は、より好ましくは、0.5μm以上である。D50は、より好ましくは、1.8μm以下である。
本発明のガラス組成物は例えばガラス粉末として導電ペーストに適用できる。本発明のガラス組成物による導電ペーストは、上記本発明のガラス粉末、導電性金属粉末および有機ビヒクルを含有する。
本発明の太陽電池は、このような本発明の導電ペーストを用いて形成した電極、具体的には、半導体基板上に焼付けられた電極を具備する。本発明の太陽電池においては、電極の少なくとも1つが、本発明の導電ペーストを用いて、ファイヤースルーにより、絶縁膜を部分的に貫通して半導体基板に接触する形に設けられた電極であることが好ましい。
以下の方法でガラス組成物を薄板状ガラスとして製造し、薄板状ガラスからガラス粉末を製造した。ガラス粉末の粒度分布を測定するとともに、ガラス粉末を用いてガラス組成物のガラス転移温度を測定した。
表1〜3に示す組成となるように原料粉末を配合、混合し、900〜1200℃の電気炉中でルツボを用いて30分から1時間溶融し、ガラス組成物かららなる薄板状ガラスを成形した。
各例において、得られた薄板状ガラスを乾式粉砕と湿式粉砕を組み合せて以下のとおり粉砕して粒度分布を調整した。得られたガラス粉末の粒度分布を測定するとともに、ガラス粉末を用いてガラス組成物のガラス転移温度を測定した。
各例のガラス組成物について以下の方法でガラス転移温度およびガラス粉末のD50を評価した。結果を組成とともに表1〜3に示す。なお、ガラス組成の各成分の欄において空欄は、含有量「0%」を示す。
得られたガラス粉末をアルミニウム製のパンにつめ、リガク社製、示差熱分析装置TG8110にて昇温速度を10℃/分にて測定した。測定で得られたDTAチャートの第1屈曲点をガラス転移温度とした。
水60ccに対してガラス粉末0.02gを混ぜ、超音波分散により1分間分散させた。マイクロトラック測定機(レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置)に試料投入し、D50の値を得た。
上記で作製した例1〜27のガラス粉末をそれぞれ含有するAg電極形成用導電ペーストを以下の方法で作製した。
上記で得られたAg電極形成用導電ペーストおよび市販品のAl電極形成用導電ペーストを用いて、以下のようにして図1に示す構成の、p型Si半導体基板1上の非受光面S2に裏面電極としてAl電極4および受光面S1に表面電極としてAg電極3を形成し、太陽電池10を製造した。
上記各例のガラス粉末をそれぞれ含有するAg電極形成用導電ペーストを用いて製造した太陽電池の変換効率を、ソーラシミュレータを用いて測定した。具体的には、ソーラシミュレータに太陽電池を設置し、分光特性AM1.5Gの基準太陽光線によって、JIS C8912に準拠して電流電圧特性を測定して、各太陽電池の変換効率を導き出した。得られた変換効率の結果を表1〜3に示す。
Isc(A);短絡状態の短絡電流
Voc(mV);開放状態の開放電圧
FF(%);曲線因子
Eff(%);変換効率
Claims (7)
- 酸化物換算のモル%表示で、
PbOを15〜40%、
MoO3を25〜50%、
P2O5を5〜25%、および
ZnOを7〜15%
含むことを特徴とするガラス組成物。 - さらに、酸化物換算のモル%表記でLi2Oを1〜15%含有する請求項1記載のガラス組成物。
- さらに、酸化物換算のモル%表記でWO3を1〜25%含有する請求項1または2記載のガラス組成物。
- ガラス転移温度が300〜450℃である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物。
- 累積粒度分布における体積基準の50%粒径をD50としたときに、D50が0.3〜2.0μmである請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物からなるガラス粉末。
- 請求項5記載のガラス粉末、導電性金属粉末、および有機ビヒクルを含有する導電ペースト。
- 請求項6記載の導電ペーストを用いて形成された電極を具備する太陽電池。
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