JP6924595B2 - Molded insulation and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Molded insulation and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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JP6924595B2
JP6924595B2 JP2017057917A JP2017057917A JP6924595B2 JP 6924595 B2 JP6924595 B2 JP 6924595B2 JP 2017057917 A JP2017057917 A JP 2017057917A JP 2017057917 A JP2017057917 A JP 2017057917A JP 6924595 B2 JP6924595 B2 JP 6924595B2
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heat insulating
insulating material
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JP2018158874A (en
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直人 惟高
直人 惟高
曽我部 敏明
敏明 曽我部
雅和 森本
雅和 森本
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Osaka Gas Chemicals Co Ltd
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本発明は炭素繊維を用いた成形断熱材に関し、詳しくは耐久性を高めるための表面層が形成された成形断熱材に関する。 The present invention relates to a molded heat insulating material using carbon fibers, and more particularly to a molded heat insulating material having a surface layer formed to enhance durability.

炭素繊維系の断熱材は、熱的安定性や断熱性能に優れ且つ軽量であることから、種々の用途で使用されている。このような断熱材には、炭素繊維を交絡してなる炭素繊維フェルトや、炭素繊維フェルトに樹脂材料を含浸させ炭素化させた炭素繊維成形断熱材がある。炭素繊維フェルトは可とう性に優れるという長所を有し、炭素繊維成形断熱材は、形状安定性に優れ、微細な加工が可能であるという長所を有する。 Carbon fiber-based heat insulating materials are used in various applications because they are excellent in thermal stability and heat insulating performance and are lightweight. Such heat insulating materials include carbon fiber felt made by entwining carbon fibers and carbon fiber molded heat insulating material obtained by impregnating carbon fiber felt with a resin material and carbonizing it. The carbon fiber felt has an advantage of being excellent in flexibility, and the carbon fiber molded heat insulating material has an advantage of being excellent in shape stability and capable of fine processing.

何れの断熱材を使用するかは、使用目的や用途に応じて適宜選択される。後者の炭素繊維成形断熱材は、熱的安定性、断熱性能に優れ且つ形状安定性に優れることから、単結晶シリコン引き上げ装置、多結晶シリコンキャスト炉、金属やセラミックスの焼結炉、真空蒸着炉等の高温炉の断熱材として使用されている。 Which heat insulating material is used is appropriately selected according to the purpose of use and application. The latter carbon fiber molded heat insulating material has excellent thermal stability, heat insulating performance, and shape stability. Therefore, a single crystal silicon pulling device, a polycrystalline silicon cast furnace, a metal or ceramics sintering furnace, and a vacuum vapor deposition furnace. It is used as a heat insulating material for high temperature furnaces.

ところが、単結晶や多結晶シリコンなどの製造装置においては、高温炉内でSiOガスが発生したり、酸素ガスが不純物ガスとして製造雰囲気に混入したりする。SiOガスや酸素ガスは活性(反応性)が高く、炭素繊維成形断熱材とSiOガスとが反応するとSiCが生じ、炭素繊維成形断熱材と酸素ガスとが反応すると炭素酸化物(一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素等)が生じる。これにより特に炭素繊維が劣化し、炭素繊維により構成される骨格構造が崩れ、当該骨格構造が多数の空間を形成することにより得られる断熱作用が低下する。また、この劣化により特に炭素繊維が粉化して炉内雰囲気中に放出されて、製品品質を低下させるというおそれもある。 However, in a manufacturing apparatus for single crystal or polycrystalline silicon, SiO gas is generated in a high temperature furnace, or oxygen gas is mixed into the manufacturing atmosphere as an impurity gas. SiO gas and oxygen gas are highly active (reactive), and when the carbon fiber molded heat insulating material reacts with SiO gas, SiC is generated, and when the carbon fiber molded heat insulating material reacts with oxygen gas, carbon oxide (carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, etc.) is generated. As a result, the carbon fibers are particularly deteriorated, the skeletal structure composed of the carbon fibers is destroyed, and the heat insulating effect obtained by the skeletal structure forming a large number of spaces is lowered. Further, due to this deterioration, carbon fibers may be particularly pulverized and released into the atmosphere inside the furnace, which may deteriorate the product quality.

また、工業炉においては、炉内の気圧が大気圧よりも大きくなることがある。このような場合、圧力差によって炉内雰囲気ガス(窒素ガスやアルゴンガス)の気流が生じるが、活性の高い雰囲気ガスが成形断熱材の内部空間に浸透すると、成形断熱材の内部組織が劣化して断熱性能が低下してしまう。 Further, in an industrial furnace, the pressure inside the furnace may be higher than the atmospheric pressure. In such a case, a flow of atmospheric gas (nitrogen gas or argon gas) in the furnace is generated due to the pressure difference, but when the highly active atmospheric gas permeates the internal space of the molded heat insulating material, the internal structure of the molded heat insulating material deteriorates. As a result, the heat insulation performance deteriorates.

この問題に対して、特許文献1は、十分に低いガス透過性を有し、しかも、発塵防止性、耐酸化性、機械的強度及び断熱性能を付与することが可能な断熱材用コーティング層を提案している。 In response to this problem, Patent Document 1 has a coating layer for a heat insulating material which has sufficiently low gas permeability and can impart dust generation prevention, oxidation resistance, mechanical strength and heat insulating performance. Is proposing.

WO2006/115102WO2006 / 115102

特許文献1は、炭素化成形体と、該炭素化成形体の少なくとも一方の表面に積層された断熱材用コ一ティング層とを備える断熱材用積層体における断熱材用コーティング層であつて、嵩密度が0.08〜0.8g/cm3の炭素化成形体と、ガス透過率が8.0NL/hr・cm2・mmH2O以下である断熱材用コーティング層と、を備える断熱材用積層体における断熱材用コーティング層に関する技術である。 Patent Document 1 is a coating layer for a heat insulating material in a laminated body for a heat insulating material including a carbonized molded body and a coating layer for the heat insulating material laminated on at least one surface of the carbonized molded body, and has a bulk density. A heat insulating material laminate comprising a carbonized molded body having a gas permeability of 0.08 to 0.8 g / cm 3 and a heat insulating material coating layer having a gas permeability of 8.0 NL / hr · cm 2 · mmH 2 O or less. It is a technique related to a coating layer for a heat insulating material in.

この技術によると、低いガス透過性を有し、断熱材用積層体に優れた発塵防止性、耐酸化性、機械的強度および断熱効果を付与できるとされる。 According to this technique, it is said that it has low gas permeability and can impart excellent dust generation prevention property, oxidation resistance, mechanical strength and heat insulating effect to the laminate for heat insulating material.

しかしながら、断熱材は空間率が概ね90%程度あり、コーティング層においてもかなりの空間が存在する。この空間をガスが透過可能であるので、薄いコーティング層を設けるだけではガス透過性を十分に低くすることができない。また、コーティングを厚くすればガス透過性を高めることができるが、このようにするとコーティング層が剥がれやすくなり、耐久性が低下してしまう。 However, the heat insulating material has a porosity of about 90%, and a considerable space exists even in the coating layer. Since gas is permeable through this space, it is not possible to sufficiently reduce the gas permeability simply by providing a thin coating layer. Further, if the coating is thickened, the gas permeability can be increased, but in this case, the coating layer is easily peeled off and the durability is lowered.

本発明は上記の課題を解決するためになされたものであり、耐久性を犠牲にすることなく、成形断熱材内部へのガスの浸透を抑制し得た成形断熱材を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a molded heat insulating material capable of suppressing the permeation of gas into the molded heat insulating material without sacrificing durability. do.

本発明にかかる成形断熱材の製造方法は、次のとおりである。
炭素からなる骨材と熱硬化性樹脂からなる粘結剤とを含む緻密下地層形成液を、成形断熱材の少なくとも一つの表面から少なくとも0.4mmの領域に含浸させ、その後500℃以上で焼成して前記熱硬化性樹脂を炭素化させて緻密下地層となす緻密下地層形成ステップと、焼成後に炭素粒子となる成分を含んだ骨材と熱硬化性樹脂からなる粘結剤とを含む表面被覆液を、前記緻密下地層の表面から少なくとも0.1mmの領域含浸させ、その後1000℃以上で焼成して、前記熱硬化性樹脂を炭素化させて表面被覆層となす表面被覆層形成ステップと、備え、前記緻密下地層形成ステップ後の前記緻密下地層における骨材の体積分率が、0.3〜5%であり、前記緻密下地層上に前記表面被覆層が形成された領域における骨材の体積分率が、1〜7%である成形断熱材の製造方法。
The method for producing the molded heat insulating material according to the present invention is as follows.
A dense base layer forming liquid containing an aggregate made of carbon and a binder made of a thermosetting resin is impregnated in a region of at least 0.4 mm from at least one surface of the molded heat insulating material, and then fired at 500 ° C. or higher. A surface containing an aggregate containing a component that becomes carbon particles after firing and a binder composed of a thermosetting resin, and a step of forming a dense base layer that carbonizes the thermosetting resin to form a dense base layer. A surface coating layer forming step of impregnating a region of at least 0.1 mm from the surface of the dense base layer with a coating liquid and then firing at 1000 ° C. or higher to carbonize the thermosetting resin to form a surface coating layer. If the provided volume fraction of the aggregate in the dense underlayer after the dense underlying layer forming step is 0.3 to 5% the surface coating layer on the dense underlayer was formed region A method for producing a molded heat insulating material, wherein the body integration rate of the aggregate is 1 to 7%.

繊維フェルトと、繊維フェルトの炭素繊維表面を被覆する炭素質からなる保護炭素層と、を有する炭素繊維シートが積層成形されてなる成形断熱材であると、成形断熱材の周囲に、不純物として混入或いは炉内で発生した活性ガス(酸素ガス、SiOガス等)が存在する場合、炭素繊維表面を被覆する保護炭素層が炭素繊維に先んじて活性ガスと反応する。これにより炭素繊維と活性ガスとが反応して劣化することが抑制される。 If the molded heat insulating material is formed by laminating and molding a carbon fiber sheet having a fiber felt and a protective carbon layer made of carbon material that coats the carbon fiber surface of the fiber felt, it is mixed as an impurity around the molded heat insulating material. Alternatively, when the active gas (oxygen gas, SiO gas, etc.) generated in the furnace is present, the protective carbon layer covering the surface of the carbon fiber reacts with the active gas prior to the carbon fiber. As a result, the reaction between the carbon fiber and the active gas is suppressed from deterioration.

ここで、保護炭素層が酸素ガスと反応する場合、保護炭素層を構成する炭素が炭酸ガスとなって除去され、また、SiOガスと反応する場合にはSiCとなって除去されることなく残存するが、いずれの場合も炭素繊維により構成される骨格構造が維持されるので、当該骨格構造が多数の空間を形成することにより得られる断熱作用が維持される。 Here, when the protected carbon layer reacts with oxygen gas, the carbon constituting the protected carbon layer becomes carbon dioxide gas and is removed, and when it reacts with SiO gas, it becomes SiC and remains without being removed. However, in each case, since the skeletal structure composed of carbon fibers is maintained, the heat insulating effect obtained by forming a large number of spaces by the skeletal structure is maintained.

そして、上記本発明では、成形断熱材の表面には、緻密下地層と表面被覆層とからなる表面層が形成される。緻密下地層は、成形断熱材の少なくとも1つの表面から少なくとも0.4mmの領域に形成されるものである。この層は、炭素質の骨材と熱硬化性樹脂とを含む緻密下地層形成液が成形断熱材に浸透、炭素化してなるものであり、成形断熱材の炭素繊維間の空隙の一部が、骨材と熱硬化性樹脂の炭素化物とによって埋められ、ガスが通過する経路の径が小さくなっている。このため、緻密下地層により成形断熱材内部へのガスの侵入が抑制される。 Then, in the present invention, a surface layer composed of a dense base layer and a surface coating layer is formed on the surface of the molded heat insulating material. The dense base layer is formed in a region of at least 0.4 mm from the surface of at least one of the molded heat insulating materials. This layer is formed by the dense base layer forming liquid containing a carbonaceous aggregate and a thermosetting resin permeating into the molded heat insulating material and carbonizing, and a part of the voids between the carbon fibers of the molded heat insulating material is formed. , Filled with aggregates and carbonized thermosetting resin, reducing the diameter of the path through which the gas passes. Therefore, the dense base layer suppresses the intrusion of gas into the molded heat insulating material.

表面被覆層は、緻密下地層の表面から少なくとも0.1mmの領域に形成されるものである。この層は、熱処理後において炭素粒子となる骨材と熱硬化前の熱硬化性樹脂からなる粘結剤とを含む表面被覆液を、緻密下地層内部にさらに浸透、炭素化してなるものであり、炭素繊維間の空隙の一部が、骨材(炭素粒子)と熱硬化性樹脂の炭素化物とによってさらに埋められ、ガスが通過する経路の径がさらに小さくなっている。このため、成形断熱材内部へのガスの侵入がさらに抑制される。 The surface coating layer is formed in a region of at least 0.1 mm from the surface of the dense base layer. This layer is formed by further permeating and carbonizing a surface coating liquid containing an aggregate that becomes carbon particles after heat treatment and a binder made of a thermosetting resin before thermosetting into the dense base layer. , A part of the voids between the carbon fibers is further filled with the aggregate (carbon particles) and the carbonized product of the thermosetting resin, and the diameter of the path through which the gas passes is further reduced. Therefore, the intrusion of gas into the molded heat insulating material is further suppressed.

つまり、緻密下地層と表面被覆層とを順次成形断熱材に形成することによって、層の剥がれを招くことなく成形断熱材内部へのガスの侵入が効果的に抑制される。 That is, by sequentially forming the dense base layer and the surface coating layer on the molded heat insulating material, the invasion of gas into the molded heat insulating material is effectively suppressed without causing the layers to peel off.

ここで、骨材はガスが通過する経路を局所的に埋め、熱硬化樹脂の炭素化物は炭素繊維の表面や骨材の表面を覆うようにガスが通過する経路を埋めるため、骨材のほうが経路の径を小さくする効果が大きい。また、骨材の形状が球状、楕円球状などの粒子状である場合には、繊維状、針状などのアスペクト比が高い形状である場合よりも経路の径を小さくする効果が大きい。また、炭素粒子による効果は、経路の径が小さくなった後であるほうが大きくなる。したがって、緻密下地層形成液に骨材が含まれない場合や、表面被覆液に骨材として焼成後に炭素粒子となる成分が含まれない場合には、ガスの通過する経路を小さくする効果が十分に得られない。 Here, the aggregate locally fills the path through which the gas passes, and the carbonized product of the thermosetting resin fills the path through which the gas passes so as to cover the surface of the carbon fiber and the surface of the aggregate. The effect of reducing the diameter of the path is great. Further, when the shape of the aggregate is a particle shape such as a spherical shape or an elliptical spherical shape, the effect of reducing the diameter of the path is greater than when the shape is a shape having a high aspect ratio such as a fibrous shape or a needle shape. Also, the effect of carbon particles is greater after the path diameter has been reduced. Therefore, when the dense base layer forming liquid does not contain an aggregate, or when the surface coating liquid does not contain a component that becomes carbon particles after firing as an aggregate, the effect of reducing the passage of gas is sufficient. I can't get it.

なお、緻密下地層形成液に用いる骨材の形状としては特に限定されず、粒子状、ミルド(短繊維)状などとすることができる。また、表面被覆液には、熱処理後において炭素粒子となるものに加えて、炭素繊維ミルドなどの他の形状の炭素成分が含まれていてもよい。 The shape of the aggregate used for the dense base layer forming liquid is not particularly limited, and may be in the form of particles, milled (short fibers), or the like. Further, the surface coating liquid may contain carbon components having other shapes such as carbon fiber milled in addition to those that become carbon particles after heat treatment.

ここで、表面被覆液に含まれる、熱処理後において炭素粒子となるものとは、熱処理前においてすでに炭素質(黒鉛質又は非晶質)の粒子や、熱処理によって炭素化する樹脂(たとえば熱硬化後の熱硬化性樹脂)の粒子などを意味する。 Here, the particles contained in the surface coating liquid that become carbon particles after the heat treatment are carbonaceous (graphitic or amorphous) particles already before the heat treatment and resins that are carbonized by the heat treatment (for example, after thermosetting). It means particles of (thermosetting resin).

本発明の効果を得るために、表面被覆層(緻密下地層上に前記表面被覆層が形成された領域)における骨材の体積分率1%以上に規制し、緻密下地層(表面被覆層が形成されていない、または表面被覆層形成前もの)における骨材の体積分率0.3%以上に規制する。また、骨材の体積分率が高すぎると、コスト高となるため、表面被覆層における骨材の体積分率は、7%以下とし、緻密下地層における骨材の体積分率は5%以下とする。なお、表面被覆層は、緻密下地層に表面被覆液を含浸・焼成して形成されるものであるので、当然に表面被覆層における骨材の体積分率は、緻密下地層における骨材の体積分率よりも大きい。 In order to obtain the effect of the present invention, the volume fraction of the aggregate in the surface coating layer (a region in which the surface coating layer formed on a dense base layer) was restricted to 1% or more, dense underlayer (surface coating layer The volume fraction of aggregate in the case where is not formed or before the surface coating layer is formed) is restricted to 0.3% or more. Further, if the volume fraction of the aggregate is too high, the cost will be high. Therefore, the volume fraction of the aggregate in the surface coating layer should be 7% or less, and the volume fraction of the aggregate in the dense underlying layer should be 5% or less. And. Since the surface coating layer is formed by impregnating and firing the surface coating liquid in the dense base layer, the volume fraction of the aggregate in the surface coating layer is naturally the volume of the aggregate in the dense base layer. Greater than a fraction.

また、ガスの透過阻害作用には、ガスの透過する経路の径とともに、経路の径が狭い領域の厚みもまた影響を及ぼす。このため、表面被覆液の含浸領域の厚みは、0.1mm以上であることが必須であり、緻密下地層形成液の含浸領域の厚みは、0.4mm以上であることが必須である。 Further, the gas permeation inhibitory action is influenced not only by the diameter of the path through which the gas permeates, but also by the thickness of the region where the diameter of the path is narrow. Therefore, it is essential that the thickness of the impregnated region of the surface coating liquid is 0.1 mm or more, and the thickness of the impregnated region of the dense base layer forming liquid is 0.4 mm or more.

ここで、表面被覆液は、0.1mmよりも厚い領域に含浸させる構成とすることができる。たとえば、表面被覆液は、緻密下地層の表面から少なくとも0.2mmの領域に含浸させる構成や、緻密下地層の表面から少なくとも0.4mmの領域に含浸させる構成とすることができる。また、緻密下地層全てに表面被覆液を含浸させる構成としてもよい。この場合、完成される成形断熱材には見かけ上、緻密下地層が存在しない(成形断熱材の表面層が、表面被覆層と緻密下地層との二層構造ではなく、表面被覆層のみの一層構造である)こととなるが、この場合、緻密下地層形成工程後において、緻密下地層における骨材の体積分率が上記範囲内に規制されていればよい。 Here, the surface coating liquid can be configured to impregnate a region thicker than 0.1 mm. For example, the surface coating liquid may be impregnated in a region of at least 0.2 mm from the surface of the dense base layer, or may be impregnated in a region of at least 0.4 mm from the surface of the dense base layer. Further, the surface coating liquid may be impregnated in all the dense base layers. In this case, the finished molded heat insulating material apparently does not have a dense base layer (the surface layer of the molded heat insulating material is not a two-layer structure consisting of a surface coating layer and a dense base layer, but only a surface coating layer). However, in this case, the volume fraction of the aggregate in the dense base layer may be regulated within the above range after the step of forming the dense base layer.

また、緻密下地層形成液は、0.4mmよりも厚い領域に含浸させる構成とすることができる。たとえば、緻密下地層形成液は、成形断熱材の表面から少なくとも0.5mmの領域に含浸させる構成や、成形断熱材の表面から少なくとも1.0mmの領域に含浸させる構成とすることができる。なお、表面被覆液や緻密下地層形成液の含浸領域が厚くなるほど、ガス透過性が小さくなるもののコスト高になるため、コストと効果とのバランスで厚みを決定することが好ましい。 Further, the dense base layer forming liquid can be configured to impregnate a region thicker than 0.4 mm. For example, the dense base layer forming liquid may be impregnated in a region of at least 0.5 mm from the surface of the molded heat insulating material, or may be impregnated in a region of at least 1.0 mm from the surface of the molded heat insulating material. The thicker the impregnated region of the surface coating liquid or the dense base layer forming liquid, the lower the gas permeability, but the higher the cost. Therefore, it is preferable to determine the thickness in a balance between cost and effect.

また、本明細書において炭素とは、広義のものを意味し、非晶質であっても黒鉛質であってもよい。また、粒子とは、その形状が球状、楕円球状、不定形状などであってもよいが、短繊維(ミルド)状は含まれない。たとえば、端面が円形状であるもの(短繊維)、アスペクト比が9以上であるものなどは、粒子ではないものとする。なお、表面被覆液は、炭素粒子となる成分を含んでいれば良く、これ以外の骨材成分として副成分として炭素繊維ミルドなどが含まれていてもよい。 Further, in the present specification, carbon means a thing in a broad sense, and may be amorphous or graphitic. Further, the particles may have a spherical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, an indefinite shape, or the like, but do not include a short fiber (milled) shape. For example, those having a circular end face (short fibers) and those having an aspect ratio of 9 or more are not considered to be particles. The surface coating liquid may contain a component that becomes carbon particles, and may contain carbon fiber milled or the like as a sub-component as an aggregate component other than this.

また、炭素粒子(焼成後)の平均粒径は、好ましくは3〜100μmであり、より好ましくは5〜60μmであり、さらに好ましくは10〜40μmである。 The average particle size of the carbon particles (after firing) is preferably 3 to 100 μm, more preferably 5 to 60 μm, and even more preferably 10 to 40 μm.

ミルド状の場合、その平均繊維径は、好ましくは5〜30μm、より好ましくは6〜20μm、さらに好ましくは7〜18μmとする。また、平均繊維長(長さ平均繊維長)は、その平均粒径は、好ましくは0.04〜0.8mm、より好ましくは0.1〜0.6mm、さらに好ましくは0.2〜0.5mmとする。長さ平均繊維長ZLは、個々の繊維長をXnとするとき、ZL=(X1 2+X2 2+X3 2+・・・+Xn 2)/(X1+X2+X3+・・・+Xn)で表されるものである。 In the case of a milled form, the average fiber diameter is preferably 5 to 30 μm, more preferably 6 to 20 μm, and even more preferably 7 to 18 μm. The average fiber length (length average fiber length) is preferably 0.04 to 0.8 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 mm, still more preferably 0.2 to 0. It is 5 mm. The average fiber length Z L is Z L = (X 1 2 + X 2 2 + X 3 2 + ... + X n 2 ) / (X 1 + X 2 + X 3 + , where X n is the individual fiber length. ... + X n ).

表面被覆層における骨材の体積分率は、より好ましくは2〜7%とし、さらに好ましくは3〜5%とする。また、緻密下地層における骨材の体積分率は、より好ましくは0.3〜5%とし、さらに好ましくは2〜4%とする。 The volume fraction of the aggregate in the surface coating layer is more preferably 2 to 7%, still more preferably 3 to 5%. The volume fraction of the aggregate in the dense base layer is more preferably 0.3 to 5%, and further preferably 2 to 4%.

また、緻密下地層形成液や表面被覆液に用いる粘結剤としては、フェノール樹脂、フラン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂を使用することができる。 Further, as the binder used for the dense base layer forming liquid and the surface coating liquid, a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin, a furan resin, a polyimide resin, or an epoxy resin can be used.

表面被覆液に用いる骨材は、焼成後において非晶質炭素粒子となる、熱硬化性樹脂の硬化物粒子や熱硬化性樹脂の炭素化物粒子を含むことがより好ましく、フェノール樹脂を600〜1000℃で熱処理してなる炭素化物粒子を含むことがさらに好ましい。 The aggregate used for the surface coating liquid more preferably contains cured product particles of a thermosetting resin and carbonized particles of a thermosetting resin, which become amorphous carbon particles after firing, and contains 600 to 1000 phenol resins. It is more preferable to contain carbonized particles obtained by heat treatment at ° C.

また、緻密下地層形成液や表面被覆液には、骨材、粘結剤以外に、粘結剤を溶解す溶剤が含まれていてもよい。溶剤は、焼成により揮発除去される成分(たとえば、エタノールやメタノール)を用いる。 Further, the dense base layer forming liquid and the surface coating liquid may contain a solvent that dissolves the binder in addition to the aggregate and the binder. As the solvent, a component (for example, ethanol or methanol) that is volatilized and removed by calcination is used.

また、緻密下地層形成液や表面被覆液における骨材の質量割合は、1〜20質量%であることが好ましく、1〜10質量%であることがより好ましく、5〜10質量%であることがさらに好ましい。 The mass ratio of the aggregate in the dense base layer forming liquid or the surface coating liquid is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, and 5 to 10% by mass. Is even more preferable.

また、緻密下地層形成ステップの焼成温度は500〜1500℃であることが好ましく、600〜1000℃であることがより好ましく、700〜900℃であることがさらに好ましい。また、表面被覆層形成ステップの焼成温度は1000〜2500℃であることが好ましく、1500〜2500℃であることがより好ましく、2000〜2500℃であることがさらに好ましい。 The firing temperature of the dense base layer forming step is preferably 500 to 1500 ° C, more preferably 600 to 1000 ° C, and even more preferably 700 to 900 ° C. The firing temperature of the surface coating layer forming step is preferably 1000 to 2500 ° C, more preferably 1500 to 2500 ° C, and even more preferably 2000 to 2500 ° C.

また、緻密下地層形成液と表面被覆液は、上記規制を満たす限りにおいて同一のものであってもよい。 Further, the dense base layer forming liquid and the surface coating liquid may be the same as long as the above regulations are satisfied.

また、緻密下地層形成ステップは、緻密下地層形成液の含浸、焼成をそれぞれ2回以上行うステップであってもよく、表面被覆層形成ステップは、表面被覆液の含浸、焼成をそれぞれ2回以上行うステップであってもよい。しかしながら、含浸、焼成の回数が増加するとその分コスト高になるため、コストと効果とのバランスから含浸、焼成の回数を決定することが好ましく、緻密下地層形成ステップ、表面被覆層形成ステップともにそれぞれ1回ずつとすることがより好ましい。 Further, the dense base layer forming step may be a step of impregnating and firing the dense base layer forming liquid twice or more, respectively, and the surface coating layer forming step may be a step of impregnating the surface coating liquid and firing twice or more, respectively. It may be a step to be performed. However, as the number of times of impregnation and firing increases, the cost increases accordingly. Therefore, it is preferable to determine the number of times of impregnation and firing from the balance between cost and effect. It is more preferable to set it once.

上記本発明にかかる製造方法により製造される成形断熱材は、次のようなものとなる。
炭素繊維を交絡させた繊維フェルトと前記繊維フェルトの炭素繊維表面を被覆する炭素質からなる保護炭素層とを有する成形断熱材において、前記成形断熱材の少なくとも一つの表面から0.4mmの領域には、炭素質の骨材と熱硬化性樹脂の炭素化物とが前記成形断熱材内部に浸透された表面層が形成され、前記表面層は前記骨材として炭素粒子を含むとともに前記骨材の体積分率が、1〜7%である、または、前記表面層は、表面側の領域と、前記骨材の体積分率が前記表面側の領域より小さい内部側の領域とを有し、前記表面側の領域は、表面から少なくとも0.1mmの領域を含み、前記骨材として炭素粒子を含むとともに、この領域における前記骨材の体積分率が、1〜7%であり、前記内部側の領域の前記骨材の体積分率が、0.3〜5%であることを特徴とする。
The molded heat insulating material produced by the production method according to the present invention is as follows.
In a molded heat insulating material having a fiber felt in which carbon fibers are entangled and a protective carbon layer made of carbonaceous material that coats the carbon fiber surface of the fiber felt, in a region 0.4 mm from at least one surface of the molded heat insulating material. is formed carbonaceous surface layer and the carbonized product of the aggregate and the thermosetting resin is permeated into the interior of the molded insulation, said surface layer, as well as containing carbon particles as the aggregate, the aggregate volume fraction of, Ru 1-7% der, or the surface layer, the surface side of the area, the volume fraction of the aggregates and a small inner side area than the area of the surface The region on the surface side includes a region of at least 0.1 mm from the surface, contains carbon particles as the aggregate, and the volume fraction of the aggregate in this region is 1 to 7%. The volume fraction of the aggregate in the side region is 0.3 to 5% .

上記構成において、炭素粒子は非晶質炭素粒子を含む構成とすることができる。黒鉛は高度に黒鉛構造(層構造)が発達しており、非晶質炭素に比較して比表面積が大きく、特にそのエッジ部分で活性ガスと反応し易いため、炭素粒子として黒鉛粒子よりも非晶質炭素粒子が含まれていることが好ましい。 In the above configuration, the carbon particles can be configured to include amorphous carbon particles. Graphite has a highly developed graphite structure (layer structure), has a larger specific surface area than amorphous carbon, and is more likely to react with active gas, especially at its edges, so it is not as carbon particles as graphite particles. It preferably contains crystalline carbon particles.

また、上記構成において、骨材の体積分率が、1〜7%である領域における炭素粒子の体積分率は、好ましくは1〜7%とし、より好ましくは2〜7%とし、さらに好ましくは3〜5%とする。この構成であると、ガスが通過する経路をより効果的に小さくできるため、好ましい。 Further, in the above configuration, the volume fraction of the carbon particles in the region where the volume fraction of the aggregate is 1 to 7% is preferably 1 to 7%, more preferably 2 to 7%, still more preferably. It shall be 3 to 5%. This configuration is preferable because the path through which the gas passes can be reduced more effectively.

以上に説明したように、本発明によると、低コストでもってガスの浸透を抑制し得た炭素繊維成形断熱材を実現することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a carbon fiber molded heat insulating material capable of suppressing gas permeation at low cost.

図1は、本発明に係る成形断熱材の断面顕微鏡写真である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional micrograph of the molded heat insulating material according to the present invention. 図2は、実施例3にかかる成形断熱材の断面顕微鏡写真であって、図2(a)は加工前の成形断熱材、図2(b)は緻密下地層形成後の成形断熱材、図2(c)は表面被覆層形成後の成形断熱材をそれぞれ示す。2A and 2B are cross-sectional micrographs of the molded heat insulating material according to Example 3, FIG. 2A is a molded heat insulating material before processing, and FIG. 2B is a molded heat insulating material after forming a dense base layer. 2 (c) shows the molded heat insulating material after the surface coating layer is formed. 図3は、ガス透過試験装置を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a gas permeation test apparatus.

(実施の形態)
本発明に係る成形断熱材は、炭素繊維を交絡させた繊維フェルトと繊維フェルトの炭素繊維表面を被覆する炭素質からなる保護炭素層とを有する成形断熱材において、成形断熱材の少なくとも一つの表面には、炭素粒子の骨材と熱硬化性樹脂の炭素化物とが成形断熱材内部に浸透された表面層が形成されている。この表面層は、骨材の体積分率が、1〜7%である。又は、表面層は、表面側の領域と、骨材の体積分率が表面側の領域より小さい内部側の領域とを有している。表面側の領域は、表面から少なくとも0.1mmの領域を含み、骨材として炭素粒子を含むとともに、この領域における骨材の体積分率が、1〜7%であり、内部側の領域の骨材の体積分率が、0.3〜5%である
(Embodiment)
The molded heat insulating material according to the present invention is a molded heat insulating material having a fiber felt in which carbon fibers are entangled and a protective carbon layer made of carbonaceous material that coats the carbon fiber surface of the fiber felt, and is at least one surface of the molded heat insulating material. A surface layer is formed in which an aggregate of carbon particles and a carbonized product of a thermosetting resin are infiltrated into the molded heat insulating material. This surface layer has a volume fraction of aggregate of 1 to 7% . Alternatively, the surface layer has a region on the surface side and a region on the inner side where the volume fraction of the aggregate is smaller than the region on the surface side. The region on the surface side includes a region of at least 0.1 mm from the surface, contains carbon particles as an aggregate, and the volume fraction of the aggregate in this region is 1 to 7%. The volume fraction of the material is 0.3 to 5% .

ここで、保護炭素層は、炭素繊維に先んじて活性ガス(酸素ガス、SiOガス等)と反応し炭素繊維の劣化を抑制するように作用する。 Here, the protective carbon layer reacts with the active gas (oxygen gas, SiO gas, etc.) prior to the carbon fibers and acts to suppress the deterioration of the carbon fibers.

成形断熱材を構成する炭素繊維としては、特に限定されることはなく、例えば石炭又は石油由来の異方性又は等方性ピッチ系、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)系、レーヨン系、フェノール系、セルロース系等の炭素繊維を、単一種又は複数種混合して用いることができる。 The carbon fibers constituting the molded heat insulating material are not particularly limited, and are, for example, anisotropic or isotropic pitch type derived from coal or petroleum, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) type, rayon type, phenol type, and cellulose type. Etc., can be used as a single type or a mixture of a plurality of types.

炭素繊維の微視的な構造としては特に限定されず、形状(巻縮型、直線型、直径、長さ等)が同一のもののみを用いてもよく、また異なる構造のものが混合されていてもよい。ただし、炭素繊維の種類やその微視的構造は、製造される成形断熱材の物性に影響を与えるので、用途に応じて適宜選択するのがよい。 The microscopic structure of the carbon fiber is not particularly limited, and only those having the same shape (curvature type, linear type, diameter, length, etc.) may be used, or different structures are mixed. You may. However, since the type of carbon fiber and its microscopic structure affect the physical properties of the molded heat insulating material to be manufactured, it is preferable to appropriately select it according to the application.

成形断熱材の微視的構造としては、ランダムな方向に配向した炭素繊維が複雑に交わっているものを用いることが好ましい。 As the microscopic structure of the molded heat insulating material, it is preferable to use a material in which carbon fibers oriented in random directions are intricately interlaced.

また、成形断熱材は、長尺や長幅なものを用いて成形断熱材を作製後に切断等してもよく、成形断熱材のサイズにあらかじめ切断してもよい。 Further, the molded heat insulating material may be cut or the like after the molded heat insulating material is produced by using a long or long molded heat insulating material, or may be cut in advance to the size of the molded heat insulating material.

保護炭素層は、炭素繊維の表面全部、あるいは、炭素繊維の表面の一部を被覆し、あるいは炭素繊維相互間を埋めるように存在しているものである。また、保護炭素層は炭素質であればよく、その由来となる化合物は特に限定されることはない。なかでも、繊維フェルトに含浸可能な樹脂材料の炭素化物を用いることが好ましい。このような樹脂材料としては、フェノール樹脂、フラン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂が好ましい。 The protective carbon layer is present so as to cover the entire surface of the carbon fibers or a part of the surface of the carbon fibers, or fill the spaces between the carbon fibers. Further, the protective carbon layer may be carbonaceous, and the compound from which it is derived is not particularly limited. Of these, it is preferable to use a carbonized resin material that can be impregnated in the fiber felt. As such a resin material, a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin, a furan resin, a polyimide resin, or an epoxy resin is preferable.

ここで、成形断熱材を製造する際の熱硬化性樹脂は1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。また、熱硬化性樹脂は、そのまま繊維フェルトに含ませてもよく、溶剤で希釈して繊維フェルトに含ませてもよい。溶剤としては、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール等のアルコールを用いることができる。 Here, only one type of thermosetting resin may be used for producing the molded heat insulating material, or two or more types may be mixed and used. Further, the thermosetting resin may be contained in the fiber felt as it is, or may be diluted with a solvent and contained in the fiber felt. As the solvent, alcohols such as methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol can be used.

本実施の形態の構成では、成形断熱材の少なくとも1つの表面には、表面層が設けられており、活性ガス源(熱源)側の表面に炭素繊維強化炭素複合材料シートを配置することにより、気流による活性ガスの浸透が抑制される。さらにこの層は炭素繊維の劣化や粉化をも抑制する。したがって、断熱作用が長期間にわたって得られ、成形断熱材の長寿命化が図られる。 In the configuration of the present embodiment, a surface layer is provided on at least one surface of the molded heat insulating material, and a carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite material sheet is arranged on the surface on the active gas source (heat source) side. Penetration of active gas by airflow is suppressed. Furthermore, this layer also suppresses deterioration and pulverization of carbon fibers. Therefore, the heat insulating effect can be obtained for a long period of time, and the life of the molded heat insulating material can be extended.

表面層は、次のようにして成形断熱材に形成される。
炭素質の骨材と、熱硬化性樹脂と、溶剤と、からなる緻密下地層形成液を、成形断熱材の少なくとも一つの表面から0.4mmの領域に塗布して、この領域に緻密下地層形成液を浸透させる。このとき、成形断熱材に圧力がかかるように塗布してもよい。
The surface layer is formed on the molded insulation as follows.
A dense base layer forming liquid composed of a carbonaceous aggregate, a thermosetting resin, and a solvent is applied to a region 0.4 mm from at least one surface of the molded heat insulating material, and the dense base layer is applied to this region. Infiltrate the forming liquid. At this time, the molded heat insulating material may be applied so as to apply pressure.

こののち、不活性雰囲気下、500〜1000℃で熱処理して、熱硬化性樹脂を炭素化させることにより、炭素繊維の表面、保護炭素層の表面及び炭素繊維相互間の空隙の一部に骨材と熱硬化性樹脂の炭素化物が浸透され、緻密下地層が形成される。 After that, the thermosetting resin is carbonized by heat treatment at 500 to 1000 ° C. in an inert atmosphere, so that the surface of the carbon fiber, the surface of the protective carbon layer, and a part of the voids between the carbon fibers are formed into bones. The material and the carbonized material of the thermosetting resin are infiltrated to form a dense base layer.

こののち、非晶質炭素からなる骨材と、熱硬化性樹脂と、溶剤と、からなる表面被覆液を、緻密下地層の少なくとも表面から0.1mmの領域に塗布あるいは噴霧して、この領域に表面被覆液を浸透させる。 After that, a surface coating liquid composed of an aggregate made of amorphous carbon, a thermosetting resin, and a solvent is applied or sprayed to a region of at least 0.1 mm from the surface of the dense base layer, and this region. Infiltrate the surface coating liquid.

こののち、不活性雰囲気下、1000〜2500℃で熱処理して、熱硬化性樹脂を炭素化させることにより、緻密下地層の少なくとも一部に骨材と熱硬化性樹脂の炭素化物がさらに浸透されて、表面被覆層が形成される。したがって、成形断熱材に形成される表面層は、緻密下地層と表面被覆層の2層構造(緻密下地層の全体に表面被覆層を形成した場合には、1層構造)となる。 After that, the thermosetting resin is carbonized by heat treatment at 1000 to 2500 ° C. in an inert atmosphere, so that the aggregate and the carbonized product of the thermosetting resin are further permeated into at least a part of the dense base layer. A surface coating layer is formed. Therefore, the surface layer formed in the molded heat insulating material has a two-layer structure of a dense base layer and a surface coating layer (when the surface coating layer is formed on the entire dense base layer, it has a one-layer structure).

ここで、本明細書でいう炭素化とは、黒鉛化を含んだ広義のものを意味する。例えば、特に2000℃以上の温度で熱処理する場合、表面被覆層の黒鉛構造が発展することが考えられるが、本発明では、緻密下地層、表面被覆層の骨材は、非晶質、黒鉛質のいずれでもよい。 Here, carbonization as used herein means a broad definition including graphitization. For example, especially when heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 2000 ° C. or higher, it is conceivable that the graphite structure of the surface coating layer develops. In the present invention, the aggregate of the dense base layer and the surface coating layer is amorphous and graphite. It may be any of.

緻密下地層や表面被覆層を形成する際に用いる熱硬化性樹脂は、フェノール樹脂、フラン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等を使用することができる。緻密下地層を形成する際に用いる骨材としては、天然黒鉛や人造黒鉛粉末、ミルド状の炭素繊維を用いることができる。表面被覆層を形成する際に用いる骨材としては、焼成後において非晶質炭素粒子となる熱硬化性樹脂(たとえば、フェノール樹脂、フラン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等)の硬化物及び/又は炭素化物を用いることができる。熱硬化性樹脂の炭素化物であることがより好ましく、フェノール樹脂を600〜1000℃で熱処理してなる炭素化物であることがさらに好ましい。緻密下地層形成液や表面被覆液における骨材は、1〜20質量%が好ましく、1〜10質量%がより好ましい。 As the thermosetting resin used for forming the dense base layer and the surface coating layer, a phenol resin, a furan resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin or the like can be used. As the aggregate used for forming the dense base layer, natural graphite, artificial graphite powder, or milled carbon fiber can be used. As the aggregate used when forming the surface coating layer, a cured product of a thermosetting resin (for example, phenol resin, furan resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, etc.) which becomes amorphous carbon particles after firing and / or Carbonized products can be used. It is more preferably a carbonized product of a thermosetting resin, and further preferably a carbonized product obtained by heat-treating a phenol resin at 600 to 1000 ° C. The aggregate in the dense base layer forming liquid and the surface coating liquid is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass.

また、成形断熱材本体部分(緻密下地層や表面被覆層が形成されていない部分)のかさ密度は、0.07〜0.3g/cm3であることが好ましく、0.13〜0.3g/cm3であることがより好ましく、0.16〜0.3g/cm3であることがさらに好ましい。 Further, the bulk density of the molded heat insulating material main body portion (the portion where the dense base layer or the surface coating layer is not formed) is preferably 0.07 to 0.3 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.13 to 0.3 g. / more preferably cm is 3, further preferably 0.16~0.3G / cm 3.

また、緻密下地層のかさ密度は、0.1〜1.0g/cm3であることが好ましく、0.2〜0.6g/cm3であることがより好ましく、0.3〜0.6g/cm3であることがさらに好ましい。また、表面被覆層のかさ密度は、0.2〜1.2g/cm3であることが好ましく、0.4〜0.9g/cm3であることがより好ましく、0.6〜0.9g/cm3であることがさらに好ましい。 The bulk density of the dense underlayer is preferably 0.1 to 1.0 g / cm 3, more preferably from 0.2 to 0.6 g / cm 3, 0.3-0.6 g It is more preferably / cm 3. The bulk density of the surface coating layer is preferably 0.2~1.2g / cm 3, more preferably 0.4~0.9g / cm 3, 0.6~0.9g It is more preferably / cm 3.

実施例に基づいて、本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。 The present invention will be described in more detail based on examples.

(緻密下地層の形成)
成形断熱材(大阪ガスケミカル(株)製DON−1000−H、かさ密度0.16g/cm3)を、100×100×50に切断した。この成形断熱材の面積が100×100の一表面に、液状のレゾールタイプの熱硬化性フェノール樹脂99質量部と、天然の鱗状黒鉛粉末(平均粒径30μm)1質量部と、を混合してなる緻密下地層形成液1.3gを刷毛を用いて押し込むようにして含浸させた。
(Formation of a dense base layer)
A molded heat insulating material (DON-1000-H manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd., bulk density 0.16 g / cm 3 ) was cut into 100 × 100 × 50. On one surface of this molded heat insulating material having an area of 100 × 100, 99 parts by mass of a liquid resole-type thermosetting phenol resin and 1 part by mass of natural scaly graphite powder (average particle size 30 μm) are mixed. 1.3 g of the dense base layer forming liquid was impregnated by pushing it with a brush.

緻密下地層形成液が含浸された成形断熱材を、熱処理炉に入れ、窒素ガス雰囲気中、800℃で1時間熱処理し、フェノール樹脂を炭素化させた。 The molded heat insulating material impregnated with the dense base layer forming liquid was placed in a heat treatment furnace and heat-treated at 800 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen gas atmosphere to carbonize the phenol resin.

焼成後、上記緻密下地層形成液0.3gを、上記と同様に含浸させ、その後熱処理を行った。この処理によって、成形断熱材の表面に緻密下地層が形成された。また、緻密下地層形成液は、約800μmの領域に含浸された。 After firing, 0.3 g of the above-mentioned dense base layer forming liquid was impregnated in the same manner as above, and then heat treatment was performed. By this treatment, a dense base layer was formed on the surface of the molded heat insulating material. Further, the dense base layer forming liquid was impregnated in a region of about 800 μm.

(表面被覆層の形成)
骨材としてのアモルファスカーボンの球状粒子(平均粒径15μm)6.8質量部及び炭素繊維ミルド(大阪ガスケミカル(株)製S−242(平均繊維長0.37mm))1.2質量部と、熱硬化樹脂としての粒状フェノール樹脂10質量%と、溶剤としての工業用メタノール82質量部と、を混合して、表面被覆液を作製した。
(Formation of surface coating layer)
6.8 parts by mass of amorphous carbon spherical particles (average particle size 15 μm) and 1.2 parts by mass of carbon fiber milled (S-242 (average fiber length 0.37 mm) manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) as aggregate , 10% by mass of granular phenol resin as a thermosetting resin and 82 parts by mass of industrial methanol as a solvent were mixed to prepare a surface coating liquid.

緻密下地層に、液の含浸領域の厚みが約400μmになるように表面被覆液を塗布した。こののち、不活性雰囲気下2000℃で5時間熱処理して、熱硬化性フェノール樹脂を炭素化させて、実施例1にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。つまり、本実施例では、厚みが400μmの緻密下地層と、厚みが400μmの表面被覆層と、の2層構造の表面層が成形断熱材に形成されている。 A surface coating liquid was applied to the dense base layer so that the thickness of the impregnated region of the liquid was about 400 μm. Then, the thermosetting phenol resin was carbonized by heat treatment at 2000 ° C. for 5 hours in an inert atmosphere to prepare a molded heat insulating material according to Example 1. That is, in this embodiment, a surface layer having a two-layer structure of a dense base layer having a thickness of 400 μm and a surface coating layer having a thickness of 400 μm is formed in the molded heat insulating material.

(実施例2)
液状のレゾールタイプの熱硬化性フェノール樹脂と、天然の鱗状黒鉛粉末の質量混合比を95:5とした、緻密下地層形成液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Example 2)
Examples were the same as in Example 1 except that a dense base layer forming liquid having a mass mixing ratio of liquid resole-type thermosetting phenol resin and natural scaly graphite powder of 95: 5 was used. A molded heat insulating material according to No. 2 was produced.

(実施例3)
液状のレゾールタイプの熱硬化性フェノール樹脂と、天然の鱗状黒鉛粉末の質量混合比を90:10とした、緻密下地層形成液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例3にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Example 3)
Examples were the same as in Example 1 except that a dense base layer forming liquid having a mass mixing ratio of liquid resole-type thermosetting phenol resin and natural scaly graphite powder of 90:10 was used. The molded heat insulating material according to No. 3 was produced.

(実施例4)
天然の鱗状黒鉛粉末に代えて、炭素繊維ミルド(大阪ガスケミカル(株)製S−242)を骨材として使用した緻密下地層形成液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例4にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Example 4)
In the same manner as in Example 1, a dense base layer forming liquid using carbon fiber milled (S-242 manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as an aggregate instead of the natural scaly graphite powder. The molded heat insulating material according to Example 4 was produced.

(実施例5)
液状のレゾールタイプの熱硬化性フェノール樹脂と、炭素繊維ミルド(大阪ガスケミカル(株)製S−242)の質量混合比を95:5とした、緻密下地層形成液を用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、実施例5にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Example 5)
Except for the use of a dense base layer forming liquid having a mass mixing ratio of 95: 5 between a liquid resole-type thermosetting phenol resin and carbon fiber milled (S-242 manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.). The molded heat insulating material according to Example 5 was produced in the same manner as in Example 4.

(実施例6)
緻密下地層形成液の含浸と焼成を1回のみ行ったこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、実施例6にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Example 6)
The molded heat insulating material according to Example 6 was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the dense base layer forming liquid was impregnated and fired only once.

(実施例7)
緻密下地層形成液の含浸と焼成を1回のみ行ったこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして、実施例7にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Example 7)
The molded heat insulating material according to Example 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the dense base layer forming liquid was impregnated and fired only once.

(実施例8)
緻密下地層形成液の含浸と焼成を1回のみ行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例8にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Example 8)
The molded heat insulating material according to Example 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dense base layer forming liquid was impregnated and fired only once.

(実施例9)
緻密下地層形成液の含浸と焼成を1回のみ行ったこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、実施例9にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Example 9)
The molded heat insulating material according to Example 9 was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the dense base layer forming liquid was impregnated and fired only once.

(実施例10)
表面被覆液の含浸とその後の焼成を行わなかったこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、実施例10にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Example 10)
The molded heat insulating material according to Example 10 was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the surface coating liquid was not impregnated and the subsequent firing was not performed.

(比較例1)
実施例1で使用したDON−1000−Hを比較例1にかかる成形断熱材とした。
(Comparative Example 1)
The DON-1000-H used in Example 1 was used as the molded heat insulating material according to Comparative Example 1.

(比較例2)
表面被覆液の含浸とその後の焼成を行わなかったこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、比較例2にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Comparative Example 2)
The molded heat insulating material according to Comparative Example 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the surface coating liquid was not impregnated and the subsequent firing was not performed.

(比較例3)
緻密下地層形成液の含浸と焼成を1回のみ行い、且つ、表面被覆液の含浸とその後の焼成を行わなかったこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、比較例3にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Comparative Example 3)
The molded heat insulating material according to Comparative Example 3 in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the dense base layer forming liquid was impregnated and fired only once, and the surface coating liquid was not impregnated and subsequently fired. Was produced.

(比較例4)
表面被覆液の含浸とその後の焼成を行わなかったこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして、比較例4にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Comparative Example 4)
The molded heat insulating material according to Comparative Example 4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the surface coating liquid was not impregnated and the subsequent firing was not performed.

(比較例5)
緻密下地層形成液の含浸と焼成を1回のみ行い、且つ、表面被覆液の含浸とその後の焼成を行わなかったこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして、比較例5にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Comparative Example 5)
The molded heat insulating material according to Comparative Example 5 in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the dense base layer forming liquid was impregnated and fired only once, and the surface coating liquid was not impregnated and subsequently fired. Was produced.

(比較例6)
表面被覆液の含浸とその後の焼成を行わなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例6にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Comparative Example 6)
The molded heat insulating material according to Comparative Example 6 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface coating liquid was not impregnated and the subsequent firing was not performed.

(比較例7)
緻密下地層形成液の含浸と焼成を1回のみ行い、且つ、表面被覆液の含浸とその後の焼成を行わなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例7にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Comparative Example 7)
The molded heat insulating material according to Comparative Example 7 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dense base layer forming liquid was impregnated and fired only once, and the surface coating liquid was not impregnated and subsequently fired. Was produced.

(比較例8)
緻密下地層形成液の含浸と焼成を1回のみ行い、且つ、表面被覆液の含浸とその後の焼成を行わなかったこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、比較例8にかかる成形断熱材を作製した。
(Comparative Example 8)
The molded heat insulating material according to Comparative Example 8 in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the dense base layer forming liquid was impregnated and fired only once, and the surface coating liquid was not impregnated and subsequently fired. Was produced.

上記実施例1〜10、比較例1〜8に係る成形断熱材について、以下の条件でガス透過率を測定した。この結果を下記表1に示す。 The gas transmittance of the molded heat insulating materials according to Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 was measured under the following conditions. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

(ガス透過試験)
ガス透過試験装置100は、図3に示すように、平板状の台42上にキャップ状の容器41が載置されており、これにより一次側空間20が形成されている。一次側空間20には透過セル21が備えられている。また、台42の中央部には貫通孔が設けられ、ここに配管35が接続されている。この台42よりも下方の空間が、二次側空間30である。また、ガス透過試験装置100は、一次側空間20及び二次側空間30の圧力を測定する圧力計31を備えている。
(Gas permeation test)
In the gas permeation test apparatus 100, as shown in FIG. 3, a cap-shaped container 41 is placed on a flat plate-shaped base 42, whereby a primary side space 20 is formed. The primary side space 20 is provided with a transparent cell 21. Further, a through hole is provided in the central portion of the base 42, and the pipe 35 is connected to the through hole. The space below the table 42 is the secondary space 30. Further, the gas permeation test apparatus 100 includes a pressure gauge 31 that measures the pressure in the primary side space 20 and the secondary side space 30.

また、一次側空間20内部にガスを供給する吸気管23が設けられるとともに、ロータリー式真空ポンプ34にそれぞれ接続され、一次側空間20又は二次側空間内部のガスを排気する排気管25,33が設けられている。これらの管にはそれぞれバルブ22,24,32が設けられている。 Further, an intake pipe 23 for supplying gas to the inside of the primary side space 20 is provided, and exhaust pipes 25 and 33 are connected to the rotary vacuum pump 34 and exhaust the gas inside the primary side space 20 or the secondary side space 20, respectively. Is provided. Valves 22, 24 and 32 are provided on these pipes, respectively.

上記の成形断熱材を長さ6cm、幅6cm、厚さ約2cmの大きさに切断して試験片10とし、ガス透過試験装置100の透過セル21内に設置した。この試験片10は、ガス漏れが発生しないよう周囲がシリコーンゴム11で目止めされており、且つ上下面にはシリコーンゴム製のOリング12が設置されている。これにより、一次側空間20内部のガスは、透過セル21内部の試験片10を経由しない限り、二次側空間30に移動することはできないようになっている。 The above-mentioned molded heat insulating material was cut into a size of 6 cm in length, 6 cm in width, and about 2 cm in thickness to obtain a test piece 10, and was installed in a permeation cell 21 of a gas permeation test apparatus 100. The periphery of the test piece 10 is sealed with silicone rubber 11 so that gas leakage does not occur, and silicone rubber O-rings 12 are installed on the upper and lower surfaces. As a result, the gas inside the primary side space 20 cannot move to the secondary side space 30 unless it passes through the test piece 10 inside the permeation cell 21.

測定は次のようにして行った。まず、バルブ24,32を開け、真空ポンプ34により、一次側空間20及び二次側空間30が一定の真空値になるまで減圧する。次いで、バルブ24,32を閉じ、真空ポンプ34の作動を停止する。そして、バルブ22を開けて一次側空間20に窒素ガスを一定のガス圧で供給する。窒素ガスは、一次側空間20から試験片10を透過して二次側空間30へと移動し、これにより、二次側空間30の圧力が上昇し始める。その圧力上昇率を、圧力計31を用いて測定した。この圧力上昇率から次の式(3)、(4)を用いてガス透過率(K)を算出した。 The measurement was performed as follows. First, the valves 24 and 32 are opened, and the pressure is reduced by the vacuum pump 34 until the primary side space 20 and the secondary side space 30 reach a constant vacuum value. Next, the valves 24 and 32 are closed to stop the operation of the vacuum pump 34. Then, the valve 22 is opened to supply nitrogen gas to the primary side space 20 at a constant gas pressure. Nitrogen gas permeates the test piece 10 from the primary side space 20 and moves to the secondary side space 30, whereby the pressure in the secondary side space 30 begins to rise. The pressure rise rate was measured using a pressure gauge 31. From this pressure rise rate, the gas permeability (K) was calculated using the following equations (3) and (4).

K=(Qh)/(ΔPA)・・・(3)
Q={(p2−p1)V0}/t・・・(4)
ここで、Kは窒素ガス透過率、Qは通気量、ΔPは一次側と二次側の圧力差、Aは透過面積、hは試験片の厚さ、p1は二次側の初期圧力、p2は二次側の最終圧力、V0は二次側の容積、tは測定時間である。
K = (Qh) / (ΔPA) ... (3)
Q = {(p 2- p 1 ) V 0 } / t ... (4)
Here, K is the nitrogen gas permeability, Q is the air volume, ΔP is the pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side, A is the permeation area, h is the thickness of the test piece, and p 1 is the initial pressure on the secondary side. p 2 is the final pressure on the secondary side, V 0 is the volume on the secondary side, and t is the measurement time.

このとき、次の式(5)式が成り立つような平均圧力Pm(一次側空間と二次側空間の圧力の平均値)の範囲で測定するため、平均圧力Pmが約50〜110kPaとなる範囲で測定を行った。表2に示しているガス透過率は平均圧力Pmに対してガス透過率Kを3点以上プロットした際の最小二乗法による近似直線において、Pm=100kPaのときの値を示している。 At this time, since the measurement is performed in the range of the average pressure P m (the average value of the pressures in the primary side space and the secondary side space) such that the following equation (5) holds , the average pressure P m is about 50 to 110 kPa. The measurement was performed in the above range. The gas permeability shown in Table 2 shows the value when P m = 100 kPa in the approximate straight line by the least squares method when the gas permeability K is plotted at 3 points or more with respect to the average pressure P m.

K=aPm+b ・・・(5)
ここで、a、bは定数である。
K = aP m + b ・ ・ ・ (5)
Here, a and b are constants.

(体積分率の測定)
実施例1〜10、比較例1〜8にかかる成形断熱材の表面被覆層における骨材(鱗状黒鉛、アモルファスカーボン粒子、炭素繊維ミルドの合計)の体積分率を求めた。まず、骨材の見掛け密度をn−ブタノール浸漬法で求めた。ここでいう見掛け密度とは、n−ブタノールが骨材に浸透する開気孔を除いた密度をいう。骨材の体積は、骨材の質量に見掛け密度を除して求めた。各々の体積分率は、各層中の骨材の体積を各層の体積で除して求めた。
(Measurement of volume fraction)
The volume fraction of the aggregate (total of scaly graphite, amorphous carbon particles, and carbon fiber milled) in the surface coating layer of the molded heat insulating material according to Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 was determined. First, the apparent density of the aggregate was determined by the n-butanol immersion method. The apparent density here means the density of n-butanol excluding the open pores that permeate the aggregate. The volume of the aggregate was determined by dividing the mass of the aggregate by the apparent density. Each volume fraction was obtained by dividing the volume of aggregate in each layer by the volume of each layer.

Figure 0006924595
Figure 0006924595

この結果から、実施例1〜10と、表面被覆層を全く形成していない比較例1を比較すると、約7倍以上ガスを透過し難くできることが分かる。 From this result, it can be seen that when Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Example 1 in which the surface coating layer is not formed at all are compared, it is possible to make it difficult for gas to permeate by about 7 times or more.

また、液の含浸回数が1回以下の比較例1,3,5,7,8は、ガス透過率が1.3×104cm2/s以上と、ガス透過を十分に抑制できないことが分かる。 Further, in Comparative Examples 1, 3, 5, 7, and 8 in which the number of times of impregnation of the liquid is 1 or less, the gas permeability is 1.3 × 10 4 cm 2 / s or more, and the gas permeation cannot be sufficiently suppressed. I understand.

また、液の含浸回数が2回であっても、表面から100μmまでの領域の骨材の体積分率が1%未満である比較例2,6は、ガス透過率が1.4×104cm2/s、6.5×103cm2/sと、不十分であることが分かる。 Further, in Comparative Examples 2 and 6 in which the volume fraction of the aggregate in the region from the surface to 100 μm was less than 1% even when the liquid was impregnated twice, the gas permeability was 1.4 × 10 4. and cm 2 /s,6.5×10 3 cm 2 / s , it can be seen insufficient.

また、表面から100μmまでの領域に、骨材として炭素粒子を含まない比較例4は、この領域の骨材の体積分率が2.69%と高いものの、ガス透過率が7.8×103cm2/sと、不十分であることが分かる。 Further, in Comparative Example 4 in which carbon particles are not contained as aggregate in the region from the surface to 100 μm, the volume fraction of the aggregate in this region is as high as 2.69%, but the gas permeability is 7.8 × 10. It turns out that it is insufficient at 3 cm 2 / s.

これらのことは、次のように考えられる。ガスの透過を抑制するためには、ガスの通過する経路の径を小さくすることが重要である。ここで、液の含浸回数が1回以下であると(比較例1,3,5,7,8)、十分に経路の径を小さくすることができない。 These things can be considered as follows. In order to suppress the permeation of gas, it is important to reduce the diameter of the path through which the gas passes. Here, if the number of times of impregnation of the liquid is 1 or less (Comparative Examples 1, 3, 5, 7, 8), the diameter of the path cannot be sufficiently reduced.

また、骨材はガスが通過する経路を局所的に埋め、熱硬化樹脂の炭素化物は炭素繊維の表面や骨材の表面を覆うようにガスが通過する経路を埋めるため、骨材のほうが経路の径を小さくする効果が大きい。このため、特にガス遮断に寄与する効果が大きい表面から100μmまでの領域における骨材の体積分率が過小である比較例2,6では、ガス遮断効果が不十分となる。 In addition, the aggregate locally fills the path through which the gas passes, and the carbonized material of the thermosetting resin fills the path through which the gas passes so as to cover the surface of the carbon fiber and the surface of the aggregate. The effect of reducing the diameter of the carbon fiber is great. Therefore, in Comparative Examples 2 and 6 in which the volume fraction of the aggregate is too small in the region from the surface to 100 μm, which has a particularly large effect of contributing to gas blocking, the gas blocking effect is insufficient.

また、炭素繊維ミルドは成形断熱材を構成する炭素繊維に沿って配向しやすく、経路の径を小さくする効果が炭素粒子よりも小さい。このため、特にガス遮断に寄与する効果が大きい表面から100μmまでの領域において炭素粒子が含まれない比較例4では、ガス遮断効果が不十分となる。 Further, the carbon fiber milled is easily oriented along the carbon fibers constituting the molded heat insulating material, and the effect of reducing the diameter of the path is smaller than that of the carbon particles. Therefore, in Comparative Example 4 in which carbon particles are not contained in the region from the surface to 100 μm, which has a particularly large effect of contributing to gas blocking, the gas blocking effect is insufficient.

これらに対し、液の含浸回数が2回又は3回であり、表面から100μmまでの領域の骨材の体積分率が1%以上であり、且つこの領域に炭素粒子が含まれる実施例1〜10では、ガス透過率を1.9×103cm2/s以下と十分に小さくできる。 On the other hand, Examples 1 to 1 in which the number of times of impregnation of the liquid is 2 or 3 times, the volume fraction of the aggregate in the region from the surface to 100 μm is 1% or more, and carbon particles are contained in this region. At 10, the gas permeability can be sufficiently reduced to 1.9 × 10 3 cm 2 / s or less.

図1に、実施例1に係る成形断熱材の表面層近傍の断面顕微鏡写真を示す。この写真からわかるように、繊維間の空隙が少ないシート1、2と、繊維間の空隙が相対的に多いシート3とが、剥離することなく接合されていることが分かる。この繊維間の空隙が少ないシートのうち、表面側から表面被覆層1、緻密下地層2であり、繊維間の空隙が相対的に多いシートが成形断熱材本体3である。 FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional micrograph of the molded heat insulating material according to Example 1 in the vicinity of the surface layer. As can be seen from this photograph, the sheets 1 and 2 having few air gaps between fibers and the sheet 3 having relatively large air gaps between fibers are joined without peeling. Among the sheets having few voids between fibers, the surface coating layer 1 and the dense base layer 2 are formed from the surface side, and the sheet having relatively many voids between fibers is the molded heat insulating material main body 3.

図2は、実施例3にかかる成形断熱材の断面顕微鏡写真であって、図2(a)は加工前の成形断熱材、図2(b)は緻密下地層形成後の成形断熱材、図2(c)は表面被覆層形成後の成形断熱材をそれぞれ示す。この写真からわかるように、加工前の成形断熱材においては、多数の炭素繊維が多数の空隙(繊維間の空隙)を保持しつつ存在していること、空隙から内部(奥)の繊維をみることができ、奥まで空隙である領域(合焦範囲内には繊維等が存在しない領域)も多くみられることがわかる。そして、緻密下地層形成後においては、奥まで空隙である領域は少なくなっていること、表面被覆層形成後においては、空隙を埋める多くの粒子状物が見られることがわかる。 2A and 2B are cross-sectional micrographs of the molded heat insulating material according to Example 3, FIG. 2A is a molded heat insulating material before processing, and FIG. 2B is a molded heat insulating material after forming a dense base layer. 2 (c) shows the molded heat insulating material after the surface coating layer is formed. As can be seen from this photograph, in the molded heat insulating material before processing, a large number of carbon fibers exist while retaining a large number of voids (voids between the fibers), and the inner (back) fibers are seen from the voids. It can be seen that there are many regions that are voids to the back (regions where fibers and the like do not exist within the focusing range). It can be seen that after the formation of the dense base layer, the number of voids is reduced to the back, and after the formation of the surface coating layer, many particulate matter filling the voids can be seen.

このように、炭素繊維間の空隙を粒子状物が局所的埋める(塞ぐ)ことにより、ガスが通る経路径が極めて小さくなり、ガス透過性が小さくなる。 In this way, the particulate matter locally fills (closes) the voids between the carbon fibers, so that the path diameter through which the gas passes becomes extremely small, and the gas permeability becomes small.

なお、上記実施例では成形断熱材を構成する炭素繊維は平均直径13μmとしたが、この太さに限定されることはない。ただし、繊維の直径は、製造される成形断熱材の断熱性能やかさ密度等に影響を及ぼすので、目的とする断熱性能・かさ密度に応じて直径等を選択すればよい。 In the above embodiment, the carbon fibers constituting the molded heat insulating material have an average diameter of 13 μm, but the thickness is not limited to this. However, since the diameter of the fiber affects the heat insulating performance and bulk density of the molded heat insulating material to be manufactured, the diameter and the like may be selected according to the desired heat insulating performance and bulk density.

上記で説明したように、本発明によると、コスト上昇を伴うことなく、ガスによる断熱性能の低下を抑制し得た成形断熱材を実現できるので、その産業上の利用可能性は大きい。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a molded heat insulating material capable of suppressing a decrease in heat insulating performance due to gas without increasing the cost, and therefore its industrial applicability is great.

1 表面被覆層
2 緻密下地層
3 成形断熱材本体
10 試験片
11 目止め
12 Oリング
20 一次側空間
21 透過セル
22 バルブ
23 吸気管
24 バルブ
25 排気管
30 二次側空間
31 圧力計
32 バルブ
33 排気管
34 ロータリー式真空ポンプ
35 配管
41 容器
42 台
100 ガス透過試験装置
1 Surface coating layer 2 Dense base layer 3 Molded heat insulating material Main body 10 Test piece 11 Sealing 12 O-ring 20 Primary side space 21 Permeation cell 22 Valve 23 Intake pipe 24 Valve 25 Exhaust pipe 30 Secondary side space 31 Pressure gauge 32 Valve 33 Exhaust pipe 34 Rotary type vacuum pump 35 Piping 41 Container 42 units 100 Gas permeation tester

Claims (4)

炭素からなる骨材と熱硬化性樹脂からなる粘結剤とを含む緻密下地層形成液を、成形断熱材の少なくとも一つの表面から少なくとも0.4mmの領域に含浸させ、その後500℃以上で焼成して前記熱硬化性樹脂を炭素化させて緻密下地層となす緻密下地層形成ステップと、
焼成後に炭素粒子となる成分を含んだ骨材と熱硬化性樹脂からなる粘結剤とを含む表面被覆液を、前記緻密下地層の表面から少なくとも0.1mmの領域含浸させ、その後1000℃以上で焼成して、前記熱硬化性樹脂を炭素化させて表面被覆層となす表面被覆層形成ステップと、
を備え、
前記緻密下地層形成ステップ後の前記緻密下地層における骨材の体積分率が、0.3〜5%であり、
前記緻密下地層上に前記表面被覆層が形成された領域における骨材の体積分率が、1〜7%である、
成形断熱材の製造方法。
A dense base layer forming liquid containing an aggregate made of carbon and a binder made of a thermosetting resin is impregnated in a region of at least 0.4 mm from at least one surface of the molded heat insulating material, and then fired at 500 ° C. or higher. Then, the thermosetting resin is carbonized to form a dense base layer, and a dense base layer forming step.
A surface coating liquid containing an aggregate containing a component that becomes carbon particles after firing and a binder made of a thermosetting resin is impregnated in a region of at least 0.1 mm from the surface of the dense base layer, and then at 1000 ° C. The surface coating layer forming step of firing as described above to carbonize the thermosetting resin to form a surface coating layer,
With
The volume fraction of the aggregate in the dense base layer after the dense base layer forming step is 0.3 to 5%.
The volume fraction of the aggregate in the region where the surface coating layer is formed on the dense base layer is 1 to 7%.
Manufacturing method of molded insulation.
炭素繊維を交絡させた繊維フェルトと前記繊維フェルトの炭素繊維表面を被覆する炭素質からなる保護炭素層とを有する成形断熱材において、
前記成形断熱材の少なくとも一つの表面から0.4mmの領域には、炭素質の骨材と熱硬化性樹脂の炭素化物とが前記成形断熱材内部に浸透された表面層が形成され、
前記表面層は前記骨材として炭素粒子を含むとともに前記骨材の体積分率が、1〜7%である、または、
前記表面層は、表面側の領域と、前記骨材の体積分率が前記表面側の領域より小さい内部側の領域とを有し、
前記表面側の領域は、表面から少なくとも0.1mmの領域を含み、前記骨材として炭素粒子を含むとともに、この領域における前記骨材の体積分率が、1〜7%であり、
前記内部側の領域の前記骨材の体積分率が、0.3〜5%である、
ことを特徴とする成形断熱材。
In a molded heat insulating material having a fiber felt in which carbon fibers are entangled and a protective carbon layer made of carbonaceous material that coats the carbon fiber surface of the fiber felt.
In a region 0.4 mm from the surface of at least one of the molded heat insulating materials, a surface layer in which a carbonaceous aggregate and a carbonized product of a thermosetting resin are permeated into the molded heat insulating material is formed.
Said surface layer, as well as containing carbon particles as the aggregate, the volume fraction of the aggregates, Ru 1-7% der, or,
The surface layer has a region on the surface side and a region on the inner side where the volume fraction of the aggregate is smaller than the region on the surface side.
The region on the surface side includes a region of at least 0.1 mm from the surface, contains carbon particles as the aggregate, and the volume fraction of the aggregate in this region is 1 to 7%.
The volume fraction of the aggregate in the inner region is 0.3 to 5%.
Molded heat insulating material characterized by that.
前記炭素粒子は、非晶質炭素粒子を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の成形断熱材。
The carbon particles include amorphous carbon particles.
The molded heat insulating material according to claim 2.
前記骨材の体積分率が、1〜7%である領域は、前記炭素粒子の体積分率が、1〜7%である、
ことを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の成形断熱材。
Region volume fraction of the aggregate is 1 to 7%, the volume fraction of the carbon particles is 1 to 7%
The molded heat insulating material according to claim 2 or 3.
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