JP6905352B2 - Soil reforming composition and soil reforming method - Google Patents
Soil reforming composition and soil reforming method Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は土壌改質用組成物および土壌改質方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a soil reforming composition and a soil reforming method.
例えば放射性物質を含む汚染土壌の処理において、土壌には植物根などの可燃物等が含まれており、これらを除去するために分級操作が行われる。
高含水比で粘性が高い土壌は分級装置に付着しやすいため、予め粘性が低くなるように改質する必要がある。
高含水比の土壌の粘性を低下させる改質方法として、例えば生石灰を混合して水分を低下させる方法がある。高含水比の土壌の水分を低下させると、粘性が低下して装置等への付着が抑制されると同時に、強度（土壌を締固めた状態での強度）も増大するため、分級した土壌の転圧等の施工性が向上される。
生石灰は安価で入手しやすいが、生石灰を混合すると土壌のｐＨが高くなるため、処理後の土壌を再利用する用途が制限される。
For example, in the treatment of contaminated soil containing radioactive substances, the soil contains combustible substances such as plant roots, and a classification operation is performed to remove these.
Soil with a high water content and high viscosity tends to adhere to the classification device, so it is necessary to modify the soil so that the viscosity is low in advance.
As a modification method for reducing the viscosity of soil having a high water content, for example, there is a method of mixing quicklime to reduce the water content. When the water content of soil with a high water content is reduced, the viscosity is reduced and adhesion to equipment is suppressed, and at the same time, the strength (strength in a compacted state of soil) is also increased. Workability such as rolling compaction is improved.
Although quicklime is inexpensive and easily available, mixing it with quicklime raises the pH of the soil, limiting the use of the treated soil for reuse.
特許文献１には、ｐＨを中性に保ちながら高含水比の土壌を改質（固化）するために、焼石膏を用いる方法が記載されている。
特許文献１の実施例には、高分子凝集剤１．５〜１５ｋｇと、焼石膏３００ｋｇとを混合した組成物を、土壌１ｍ３に対して３００ｋｇ添加して混練した例が記載されている。
Patent Document 1 describes a method of using gypsum for modifying (solidifying) soil having a high water content while maintaining a neutral pH.
Examples of Patent Document 1 describe an example in which a composition obtained by mixing 1.5 to 15 kg of a polymer flocculant and 300 kg of gypsum is added to 1 m 3 of soil in an amount of 300 kg and kneaded.
しかし、特許文献１に記載の改質方法では、高含水比の土壌の粘性が充分に低下されない。本発明者等がその原因について研究した結果、石膏が高分子凝集剤の性能を阻害することが判明した。
本発明は、土壌の団粒化効果に優れ、粘性を低下させる土壌改質用組成物および土壌改質方法の提供を目的とする。
However, the modification method described in Patent Document 1 does not sufficiently reduce the viscosity of soil having a high water content. As a result of research on the cause by the present inventors, it was found that gypsum inhibits the performance of the polymer flocculant.
An object of the present invention is to provide a soil reforming composition and a soil reforming method which are excellent in soil agglomeration effect and reduce viscosity.
本発明は以下の態様を有する。
［１］ 高分子凝集剤および吸水性ポリマーの一方または両方と、シリカアルミナ系焼結体とを含むことを特徴とする土壌改質用組成物。
［２］ さらにゼオライト（ただし、焼成ゼオライトを除く。）を含む、［１］の土壌改質用組成物。
［３］ 前記高分子凝集剤および前記吸水性ポリマーの合計の含有量が４〜１４質量％であり、前記シリカアルミナ系焼結体の含有量が８６〜９６質量％である、［１］の土壌改質用組成物。
［４］ 前記高分子凝集剤および前記吸水性ポリマーの合計の含有量が４〜１４質量％、前記シリカアルミナ系焼結体の含有量が６６〜８６質量％、前記ゼオライトの含有量が１０〜２０質量％である、［２］の土壌改質用組成物。
［５］ 前記高分子凝集剤および前記吸水性ポリマーの両方を含み、前記高分子凝集剤の含有量が２〜７質量％、前記吸水性ポリマーが２〜７質量％である、［３］または［４］の土壌改質用組成物。
［６］ ［１］〜［５］のいずれかの土壌改質用組成物を、処理対象の土壌と混合する土壌改質方法。
The present invention has the following aspects.
[1] A composition for soil modification, which comprises one or both of a polymer flocculant and a water-absorbing polymer, and a silica-alumina-based sintered body.
[2] The composition for soil modification according to [1], which further contains zeolite (excluding calcined zeolite).
[3] The total content of the polymer flocculant and the water-absorbent polymer is 4 to 14% by mass, and the content of the silica-alumina-based sintered body is 86 to 96% by mass, according to [1]. Composition for soil modification.
[4] The total content of the polymer flocculant and the water-absorbent polymer is 4 to 14% by mass, the content of the silica-alumina-based sintered body is 66 to 86% by mass, and the content of the zeolite is 10 to 10% by mass. The composition for soil modification of [2], which is 20% by mass.
[5] It contains both the polymer flocculant and the water-absorbent polymer, and the content of the polymer flocculant is 2 to 7% by mass and the water-absorbent polymer is 2 to 7% by mass, [3] or The composition for soil modification of [4].
[6] A soil reforming method in which the soil reforming composition according to any one of [1] to [5] is mixed with the soil to be treated.
本発明の土壌改質用組成物は、土壌の団粒化効果に優れる。
本発明の土壌改質方法は、土壌の団粒化効果に優れる。
The composition for soil modification of the present invention is excellent in soil agglomeration effect.
The soil reforming method of the present invention is excellent in soil agglomeration effect.
＜土壌改質用組成物＞
本発明の土壌改質用組成物は、高分子凝集剤および吸水性ポリマーの一方または両方と、シリカアルミナ系焼結体とを含む。さらにゼオライトを含んでもよい。
シリカアルミナ系焼結体は、二酸化ケイ素およびアルミナを含む焼結体である。シリカアルミナ系焼結体は、粒径が９０メッシュ（目開き１８２μｍ）以下の粉末状が好ましい。
シリカアルミナ系焼結体として、例えば、使用後（鋳物焼成後）の鋳物砂、焼成ゼオライト等を用いることができる。安価に入手可能である点で使用後の鋳物砂が好ましい。
鋳物砂とは鋳型（砂型）の材料であり、使用後の鋳物砂は、鋳物焼成時に焼成され焼結体となっている。使用後の鋳物砂は再利用するための処理が施されたものでもよい。通常、使用後の鋳物砂は珪酸塩鉱物および石英（二酸化ケイ素および結晶質シリカ）を主成分とし、さらにアルミナ等の金属酸化物が含まれている。
<Soil reforming composition>
The composition for soil modification of the present invention contains one or both of a polymer flocculant and a water-absorbent polymer, and a silica-alumina-based sintered body. Further, zeolite may be contained.
The silica-alumina-based sintered body is a sintered body containing silicon dioxide and alumina. The silica-alumina-based sintered body is preferably in the form of a powder having a particle size of 90 mesh (opening 182 μm) or less.
As the silica-alumina-based sintered body, for example, cast sand after use (after firing the casting), calcined zeolite, or the like can be used. Cast sand after use is preferable because it can be obtained at low cost.
Casting sand is a material for a mold (sand mold), and the used casting sand is fired at the time of firing the casting to form a sintered body. The cast sand after use may be treated for reuse. Usually, the cast sand after use contains silicate minerals and quartz (silicon dioxide and crystalline silica) as main components, and further contains metal oxides such as alumina.
高分子凝集剤は、土壌処理の分野で公知のものを用いることができる。ノニオン系高分子凝集剤、アニオン系高分子凝集剤、カチオン系高分子凝集剤のいずれでもよい。高分子凝集剤は水溶性であり、土壌中の水分を吸収して団粒化に寄与する。
吸水性ポリマーは、多量の水を吸収してゲル化し、その水を保持する機能を有する高分子であり、土壌中の水分を吸収して団粒化に寄与する。高吸水性樹脂として公知のポリマーを用いることができる。例えば、アクリル酸重合体及び／又はその誘導体からなるポリマーが挙げられる。
As the polymer flocculant, those known in the field of soil treatment can be used. Any of a nonionic polymer flocculant, an anionic polymer flocculant, and a cationic polymer flocculant may be used. The polymer flocculant is water-soluble and absorbs water in the soil to contribute to agglomeration.
A water-absorbent polymer is a polymer having a function of absorbing a large amount of water, gelling, and retaining the water, and absorbs water in the soil and contributes to agglomeration. A known polymer can be used as the highly water-absorbent resin. For example, a polymer composed of an acrylic acid polymer and / or a derivative thereof can be mentioned.
ゼオライトは、結晶性アルミノケイ酸塩の総称であり、土壌処理の分野で吸着材として公知のゼオライトを用いることができる。ゼオライトを含有させると、土壌に放射性物質等の汚染物質が含まれている場合、これを吸着できるため、土壌から汚染物質が流出するのを防止できる。ゼオライトは、粒径が９０メッシュ（目開き１８２μｍ）以下の粉末状が好ましい。
吸着材として焼成ゼオライトを用いてもよく、乾燥ゼオライトを用いてもよいが、本発明において、焼成ゼオライトはシリカアルミナ系焼結体の範疇に含まれるものとする。
Zeolites is a general term for crystalline aluminosilicates, and zeolites known as adsorbents in the field of soil treatment can be used. When zeolite is contained, when pollutants such as radioactive substances are contained in the soil, they can be adsorbed, so that the pollutants can be prevented from flowing out from the soil. The zeolite is preferably in the form of a powder having a particle size of 90 mesh (opening 182 μm) or less.
Calcined zeolite may be used as the adsorbent, or dried zeolite may be used, but in the present invention, calcined zeolite is included in the category of silica-alumina-based sintered body.
本発明の土壌改質用組成物は、上記シリカアルミナ系焼結体、高分子凝集剤、吸水性ポリマー、およびゼオライト以外に、土壌処理の分野で公知の任意成分を、その他の成分として本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で含んでもよい。 In addition to the silica-alumina-based sintered body, polymer flocculant, water-absorbent polymer, and zeolite, the composition for soil modification of the present invention contains any component known in the field of soil treatment as other components of the present invention. It may be included within a range that does not impair the effect of.
本発明の土壌改質用組成物（１００質量％）に対して、高分子凝集剤および吸水性ポリマーの合計の含有量が４〜１４質量％であり、シリカアルミナ系焼結体の含有量が８６〜９６質量％であることが好ましい。
さらにゼオライトを含む場合、土壌改質用組成物（１００質量％）に対して、高分子凝集剤および吸水性ポリマーの合計が４〜１４質量％、シリカアルミナ系焼結体が６６〜８６質量％、かつゼオライトが１０〜２０質量％であることが好ましい。
高分子凝集剤と吸水性ポリマーの両方を含む場合、土壌改質用組成物（１００質量％）に対して、高分子凝集剤が２〜７質量％、かつ吸水性ポリマーが２〜７質量％であることが好ましい。
その他の成分が含まれる場合は、土壌改質用組成物（１００質量％）に対して１質量％以下が好ましい。
The total content of the polymer flocculant and the water-absorbent polymer is 4 to 14% by mass with respect to the soil modification composition (100% by mass) of the present invention, and the content of the silica-alumina-based sintered body is It is preferably 86 to 96% by mass.
When zeolite is further contained, the total of the polymer flocculant and the water-absorbent polymer is 4 to 14% by mass, and the silica-alumina-based sintered body is 66 to 86% by mass with respect to the soil reforming composition (100% by mass). , And the zeolite content is preferably 10 to 20% by mass.
When both the polymer flocculant and the water-absorbent polymer are contained, the polymer flocculant is 2 to 7% by mass and the water-absorbent polymer is 2 to 7% by mass with respect to the soil modification composition (100% by mass). Is preferable.
When other components are contained, it is preferably 1% by mass or less based on the soil reforming composition (100% by mass).
本発明の土壌改質用組成物は中性であることが好ましい。土壌改質用組成物が中性であると、土壌改質の前後での土壌のｐＨ変動が小さい。
本発明において、土壌改質用組成物が中性であるとは、土壌改質用組成物の水分散液のｐＨ（２５℃）が５．８〜８．６であることをいう。
The composition for soil modification of the present invention is preferably neutral. When the soil reforming composition is neutral, the pH fluctuation of the soil before and after the soil reforming is small.
In the present invention, the neutrality of the soil reforming composition means that the pH (25 ° C.) of the aqueous dispersion of the soil reforming composition is 5.8 to 8.6.
（土壌改質用組成物の製造方法）
本発明の土壌改質用組成物は、高分子吸水ポリマーおよび／または高分子凝集剤と、シリカアルミナ系焼結体と、必要に応じて用いられるゼオライトと、任意に加えられるその他の成分とを混合して製造される。
(Manufacturing method of composition for soil modification)
The composition for soil modification of the present invention contains a polymer water-absorbing polymer and / or a polymer flocculant, a silica-alumina-based sintered body, zeolite used as necessary, and other components optionally added. Manufactured by mixing.
＜土壌の改質方法＞
本発明の土壌の改質方法は、本発明の土壌改質用組成物を、処理対象の土壌と混合して改質を行う方法である。改質した土壌は、分級等の必要に応じた処理が行われる。
処理対象の土壌１００質量部に対して、土壌改質用組成物の添加量は２〜１０質量部が好ましく、２〜５質量部がより好ましく、２〜３質量部がさらに好ましい。
<Soil reforming method>
The soil reforming method of the present invention is a method in which the soil reforming composition of the present invention is mixed with the soil to be treated and reformed. The reformed soil is treated as necessary, such as classification.
The amount of the soil reforming composition added is preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 5 parts by mass, and even more preferably 2 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the soil to be treated.
以下に実施例を用いて本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
実施例、比較例で用いた材料は以下の通りである。
シリカアルミナ系焼結体：使用済み鋳物砂、主成分は珪酸塩鉱物および石英（二酸化ケイ素および結晶質シリカ）、粒径９０メッシュ以下の粉末状。
ゼオライト：ジークライト株式会社製、乾燥ゼオライト、製品名：ＳＧＷ、平均粒子径１０μｍの粉末状。
吸水性ポリマー：三洋化成工業株式会社製、製品名：アクアパール（主成分：アクリル酸重合体部分ナトリウム塩架橋物）、粉末状。
高分子凝集剤：大明化学工業株式会社製、製品名：タイポリマー、粉末状。
焼石膏（比較例）：粒径９０メッシュ以下の粉末状。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
The materials used in Examples and Comparative Examples are as follows.
Silica-alumina-based sintered body: Used casting sand, the main components are silicate minerals and quartz (silicon dioxide and crystalline silica), and powder with a particle size of 90 mesh or less.
Zeolite: Dried zeolite manufactured by Siegrite Co., Ltd., product name: SGW, powder with an average particle size of 10 μm.
Water-absorbent polymer: manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., product name: Aquapearl (main component: acrylic acid polymer partially sodium salt crosslinked product), powder.
Polymer flocculant: manufactured by Taimei Chemicals Co., Ltd., product name: Thai polymer, powdered.
Grilled gypsum (comparative example): Powdery with a particle size of 90 mesh or less.
［実施例１］
（土壌改質用組成物の製造）
シリカアルミナ系焼結体９５質量部と、高分子凝集剤５質量部とを混合して土壌改質用組成物を得た。
（土壌の改質）
得られた土壌改質用組成物を、含水率２８．８質量％（含水比４０質量％）の試験土に、３０ｋｇ／トンの割合で添加し混合して土壌の改質を行った。
図１は改質前の試験土、図２は改質後の土壌の写真である。試験土が改質によって団粒化したことがわかる。
[Example 1]
(Manufacturing of composition for soil modification)
A composition for soil modification was obtained by mixing 95 parts by mass of a silica-alumina-based sintered body and 5 parts by mass of a polymer flocculant.
(Soil reformation)
The obtained composition for soil reforming was added to the test soil having a water content of 28.8% by mass (water content ratio of 40% by mass) at a ratio of 30 kg / ton and mixed to reform the soil.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the test soil before reforming, and FIG. 2 is a photograph of the soil after reforming. It can be seen that the test soil was agglomerated by modification.
［比較例１］
実施例１において、シリカアルミナ系焼結体の代わりに焼石膏を使用した。すなわち焼石膏９５質量部と、高分子凝集剤５質量部とを混合して土壌改質用組成物を得た。実施例１と同じ試験土に同じ添加量で混合して土壌の改質を行った。
図１は改質前の試験土、図３は改質後の土壌の写真である。試験土を改質しても団粒化せず、ムース状になった。
[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, gypsum was used instead of the silica-alumina-based sintered body. That is, 95 parts by mass of calcined gypsum and 5 parts by mass of a polymer flocculant were mixed to obtain a composition for soil modification. The soil was reformed by mixing the same test soil as in Example 1 with the same amount of addition.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the test soil before reforming, and FIG. 3 is a photograph of the soil after reforming. Even if the test soil was modified, it did not agglomerate and became mousse-like.
［実施例２］
（土壌改質用組成物の製造）
シリカアルミナ系焼結体７２質量部と、吸水性樹脂５質量部と、高分子凝集剤５質量部とを混合し、さらにゼオライト１８質量部を加えて混合して土壌改質用組成物を得た。
（土壌の改質）
得られた土壌改質用組成物を、含水率３２．５質量％（含水比４８．１質量％）の畑土に、２０ｋｇ／トンの割合で添加し混合して土壌の改質を行った。
[Example 2]
(Manufacturing of composition for soil modification)
72 parts by mass of silica-alumina-based sintered body, 5 parts by mass of water-absorbent resin, and 5 parts by mass of polymer flocculant are mixed, and 18 parts by mass of zeolite is further added and mixed to obtain a soil modification composition. rice field.
(Soil reformation)
The obtained soil reforming composition was added to the field soil having a water content of 32.5% by mass (water content ratio of 48.1% by mass) at a ratio of 20 kg / ton and mixed to reform the soil. ..
図４は改質前の畑土、図５は改質後の土壌の写真である。高含水率の畑土が改質によって団粒化したことがわかる。
改質前のｐＨは６．４、改質後のｐＨは７．０であった。本例の土壌改質用組成物は中性であり、土壌を中性に保ちつつ改質できた。
ＪＩＳ Ａ１２２８「締め固めた土のコーン指数試験方法」に準処してコーン指数を測定した。コーン指数とは、土壌を締固めた試料中にコーンペネトロメーターを押し込む際の貫入抵抗度であり、コーン指数の値が大きいほど、土壌を締固めた状態での強度が高いことを意味する。改質前は４６ｋＮ／ｍ２、改質後は４６６ｋＮ／ｍ２であり、改質によって強度（土壌を締固めた状態での強度）も増大したことがわかる。
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the field soil before reforming, and FIG. 5 is a photograph of the soil after reforming. It can be seen that the field soil with high water content was aggregated by reforming.
The pH before modification was 6.4, and the pH after modification was 7.0. The soil reforming composition of this example was neutral and could be reformed while keeping the soil neutral.
The corn index was measured according to JIS A1228 "Corn index test method for compacted soil". The cone index is the penetration resistance when the cone penetrometer is pushed into a sample that has compacted the soil, and the larger the value of the cone index, the higher the strength in the compacted state of the soil. .. Before reforming 46kN / m 2, after reforming is 466kN / m 2, (strength in a state of compacted soil) strength by reforming it can be seen that increased.
このように、土壌改質用組成物として、土壌中の水分を吸収する高分子材料（高分子吸水ポリマーまたは高分子凝集剤）とシリカアルミナ系焼結体を混合して用いることにより、優れた団粒化効果が得られる。
一方、シリカアルミナ系焼結体に代えて焼石膏を用いた比較例では土壌を団粒化させることができなかった。その理由としては、焼石膏が水分と反応して水和物（二水石膏）となることが、土壌中における高分子材料の吸水機能に悪影響を与えたと考えられる。
本発明で用いられるシリカアルミナ系焼結体は水不溶性であり、水分と反応しないため、高分子材料の吸水機能が充分に発揮され、優れた団粒化効果が得られると考えられる。
As described above, by using a polymer material (super absorbent polymer or polymer flocculant) that absorbs water in the soil and a silica-alumina-based sintered body as a mixture for soil modification, the composition is excellent. Agglomeration effect can be obtained.
On the other hand, in the comparative example in which calcined gypsum was used instead of the silica-alumina-based sintered body, the soil could not be aggregated. It is considered that the reason is that the reaction of the baked gypsum with water to form hydrate (dihydrate gypsum) adversely affects the water absorption function of the polymer material in the soil.
Since the silica-alumina-based sintered body used in the present invention is water-insoluble and does not react with water, it is considered that the water absorption function of the polymer material is sufficiently exhibited and an excellent agglomeration effect can be obtained.
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