JP6880806B2 - Power supply - Google Patents

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JP6880806B2
JP6880806B2 JP2017025120A JP2017025120A JP6880806B2 JP 6880806 B2 JP6880806 B2 JP 6880806B2 JP 2017025120 A JP2017025120 A JP 2017025120A JP 2017025120 A JP2017025120 A JP 2017025120A JP 6880806 B2 JP6880806 B2 JP 6880806B2
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裕太 下西
裕太 下西
吉宣 佐藤
吉宣 佐藤
信雄 山本
信雄 山本
山田　一郎
一郎 山田
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Denso Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、電池状態推定装置及び電源装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a battery state estimation device and a power supply device.

従来、電気自動車などの電源装置に使用される二次電池において、信頼性向上のためにその電池状態を正確に把握することが求められている。特許文献１には、二次電池の内部抵抗を示す交流インピーダンスと充放電可能な容量である可逆容量との関係を示す直線関係式を予め用意し、現在の交流インピーダンスを取得して、上記直線関係式を用いて現在の可逆容量を算出する構成が開示されている。 Conventionally, in a secondary battery used in a power supply device of an electric vehicle or the like, it is required to accurately grasp the battery state in order to improve reliability. In Patent Document 1, a linear relational expression indicating the relationship between the AC impedance indicating the internal resistance of the secondary battery and the reversible capacity which is the rechargeable capacity is prepared in advance, the current AC impedance is acquired, and the above linear line is obtained. A configuration for calculating the current reversible capacity using a relational expression is disclosed.

特開２０１２−１２２８１７号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-122817

特許文献１に開示の構成では、通常使用される温度範囲において、二次電池の劣化は温度に依存しないものとして上記直線関係式を規定している。しかしながら、二次電池の使用環境や二次電池の電池設計などによっては、二次電池が使用された温度履歴が二次電池の劣化に影響する場合がある。そして、特許文献１に開示の構成では、温度履歴が何ら考慮されていないため、二次電池の電池状態を高精度に推定するには十分ではなかった。 In the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1, the linear relational expression is defined on the assumption that the deterioration of the secondary battery does not depend on the temperature in the normally used temperature range. However, depending on the usage environment of the secondary battery, the battery design of the secondary battery, and the like, the temperature history in which the secondary battery is used may affect the deterioration of the secondary battery. Further, in the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the temperature history is not considered at all, it is not sufficient to estimate the battery state of the secondary battery with high accuracy.

本発明は、かかる背景に鑑みてなされたもので、二次電池の満充電容量を高精度に推定することができる電池状態推定装置及び電源装置を提供しようとするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of such a background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery state estimation device and a power supply device capable of estimating the full charge capacity of a secondary battery with high accuracy.

本発明の一態様は、非水系の二次電池（２）における満充電容量を推定する電池状態推定装置（１）であって、
上記二次電池における温度履歴に応じて互いに異なる、上記二次電池の出入力抵抗と満充電容量との対応関係が複数記憶されており、
複数の上記対応関係の中から、上記二次電池より取得した温度履歴に応じた上記対応関係を参照し、参照した該対応関係に基づいて、上記二次電池より取得した出入力抵抗から上記二次電池の満充電容量を推定するように構成されている、電池状態推定装置と、
該電池状態推定装置によって満充電容量が推定される上記二次電池と、を備え、
上記二次電池はリチウムイオン二次電池であるとともに、チタン酸リチウム又はハードカーボンからなる負極と、層状岩塩型又はスピネル型の結晶構造を有するリチウム遷移金属酸化物からなる正極とを有する、電源装置（１００）にある。 One aspect of the present invention is a battery state estimation device (1) that estimates the full charge capacity of a non-aqueous secondary battery (2).
A plurality of correspondences between the input / output resistance of the secondary battery and the full charge capacity, which are different from each other according to the temperature history of the secondary battery, are stored.
From the plurality of correspondences, the correspondence according to the temperature history acquired from the secondary battery is referred to, and based on the referenced correspondence, the input / output resistance acquired from the secondary battery is used to obtain the above two. A battery state estimator configured to estimate the full charge capacity of the next battery ,
The secondary battery whose full charge capacity is estimated by the battery state estimation device is provided.
The secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery and has a negative electrode made of lithium titanate or hard carbon and a positive electrode made of a lithium transition metal oxide having a layered rock salt type or spinel type crystal structure. It is at (100) .

上記電池状態推定装置においては、二次電池の満充電容量を推定する際に、二次電池における温度履歴、出入力抵抗及び満充電容量の対応関係を使用している。そのため、推定される満充電容量は、二次電池が使用された温度履歴が考慮されたものとなる。その結果、二次電池の満充電容量を高精度に推定することができる。 In the battery state estimation device, when estimating the full charge capacity of the secondary battery, the correspondence between the temperature history, the input / output resistance, and the full charge capacity of the secondary battery is used. Therefore, the estimated full charge capacity takes into account the temperature history in which the secondary battery has been used. As a result, the full charge capacity of the secondary battery can be estimated with high accuracy.

以上のごとく、本発明によれば、二次電池の満充電容量を高精度に推定することができる電池状態推定装置を提供することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a battery state estimation device capable of estimating the full charge capacity of a secondary battery with high accuracy.

なお、特許請求の範囲及び課題を解決する手段に記載した括弧内の符号は、後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものであり、本発明の技術的範囲を限定するものではない。 The reference numerals in parentheses described in the scope of claims and the means for solving the problem indicate the correspondence with the specific means described in the embodiments described later, and limit the technical scope of the present invention. It's not a thing.

実施形態１における、電池状態推定装置及び電源装置の構成を示すブロック図。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery state estimation device and a power supply device according to the first embodiment. 実施形態１における、対応関係記憶部に記憶された対応関係の例を示す図。The figure which shows the example of the correspondence relation stored in the correspondence relation storage part in Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態１における、満充電容量を推定する工程を示すフロー図。The flow chart which shows the process of estimating the full charge capacity in Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態２における、対応関係記憶部に記憶された対応関係の例を示す図。The figure which shows the example of the correspondence relation stored in the correspondence relation storage part in Embodiment 2. FIG. 実施形態２における、満充電容量を推定する工程を示すフロー図。The flow chart which shows the process of estimating the full charge capacity in Embodiment 2. FIG.

（実施形態１）
上記電池状態推定装置の実施形態について、図１〜図３を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の電池状態推定装置１は、図１に示すように、非水系の二次電池２における満充電容量を推定する電池状態推定装置１である。電池状態推定装置１は、二次電池２における温度履歴、出入力抵抗及び満充電容量の対応関係に基づいて、二次電池２の満充電容量を推定するように構成されている。
なお、本明細書において、「出入力抵抗」とは、出力抵抗と入力抵抗とを包括的に表現するものであって、「出力抵抗及び入力抵抗の少なくとも一方」を意味するものとする。 (Embodiment 1)
An embodiment of the battery state estimation device will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
As shown in FIG. 1, the battery state estimation device 1 of the present embodiment is a battery state estimation device 1 that estimates the full charge capacity of the non-aqueous secondary battery 2. The battery state estimation device 1 is configured to estimate the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 based on the correspondence between the temperature history, the input / output resistance, and the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2.
In the present specification, the “input / output resistance” comprehensively expresses the output resistance and the input resistance, and means “at least one of the output resistance and the input resistance”.

以下、電池状態推定装置１について、詳述する。
図１に示すように本実施形態における電池状態推定装置１は、取得部３、格納部４、記憶部５及び演算部６を有する。
取得部３は、出入力抵抗取得部３０と温度履歴情報取得部３１とを有する。出入力抵抗取得部３０は、二次電池２の出入力抵抗を取得する。出入力抵抗取得部３０の構成は限定されず、公知の方法により出入力抵抗を取得することができる構成を採用することができる。なお、本実施形態では、出入力抵抗取得部３０は、二次電池２の入力抵抗を取得するように構成されている。 Hereinafter, the battery state estimation device 1 will be described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 1, the battery state estimation device 1 in the present embodiment includes an acquisition unit 3, a storage unit 4, a storage unit 5, and a calculation unit 6.
The acquisition unit 3 has an input / output resistance acquisition unit 30 and a temperature history information acquisition unit 31. The input / output resistance acquisition unit 30 acquires the input / output resistance of the secondary battery 2. The configuration of the input / output resistance acquisition unit 30 is not limited, and a configuration capable of acquiring the input / output resistance by a known method can be adopted. In this embodiment, the input / output resistance acquisition unit 30 is configured to acquire the input resistance of the secondary battery 2.

温度履歴情報取得部３１は二次電池２の温度履歴情報を取得する。二次電池２の温度履歴情報は、二次電池２の温度を常時又は所定間隔で検出して蓄積してなる温度履歴を含むものである。本実施形態では、二次電池２の温度履歴が温度履歴情報取得部３１により温度履歴情報として取得される。なお、温度履歴情報としては、これに限らず、二次電池２が温度履歴の各温度であった時間である滞在時間と温度履歴の平均温度とを温度履歴情報としてもよい。また、二次電池２の通電時における滞在時間とその温度履歴の平均温度、及び非通電状態である貯蔵時における滞在時間とその温度履歴の平均温度を温度履歴情報としてもよい。また、二次電池２の通電時における各ＳＯＣ（充電状態）における滞在時間とその温度履歴の平均温度、及び貯蔵時における各ＳＯＣにおける滞在時間とその温度履歴の平均温度を温度履歴情報としてもよい。 The temperature history information acquisition unit 31 acquires the temperature history information of the secondary battery 2. The temperature history information of the secondary battery 2 includes a temperature history obtained by detecting and accumulating the temperature of the secondary battery 2 at all times or at predetermined intervals. In the present embodiment, the temperature history of the secondary battery 2 is acquired as the temperature history information by the temperature history information acquisition unit 31. The temperature history information is not limited to this, and the staying time, which is the time when the secondary battery 2 is at each temperature in the temperature history, and the average temperature in the temperature history may be used as the temperature history information. Further, the temperature history information may be the staying time of the secondary battery 2 when energized and the average temperature of the temperature history, and the staying time and the average temperature of the temperature history when stored in the non-energized state. Further, the staying time at each SOC (charged state) when the secondary battery 2 is energized and the average temperature of the temperature history, and the staying time at each SOC during storage and the average temperature of the temperature history may be used as the temperature history information. ..

図１に示す格納部４は、書き換え可能な不揮発性のメモリであって、出入力抵抗格納部４０と、温度履歴情報格納部４１とを備える。出入力抵抗格納部４０には、出入力抵抗取得部３０により取得された二次電池２における出力抵抗及び入力抵抗が格納される。温度履歴情報格納部４１には、温度履歴情報取得部３１により取得された温度履歴情報が格納される。 The storage unit 4 shown in FIG. 1 is a rewritable non-volatile memory, and includes an input / output resistance storage unit 40 and a temperature history information storage unit 41. The output resistance and input resistance of the secondary battery 2 acquired by the input / output resistance acquisition unit 30 are stored in the input / output resistance storage unit 40. The temperature history information storage unit 41 stores the temperature history information acquired by the temperature history information acquisition unit 31.

図１に示す記憶部５は、不揮発性のメモリであって、対応関係記憶部５０を有する。対応関係記憶部５０には、二次電池２の温度履歴情報と二次電池２の出入力抵抗と二次電池２の満充電容量との対応関係が予め記憶されている。例えば、本実施形態においては、図２（ａ）に示すように、温度履歴情報としての二次電池２の平均温度が３５℃の場合における入力抵抗と満充電容量との対応関係が予め作成され、対応関係記憶部５０に記憶されている。また、図２（ｂ）、図２（ｃ）に示すように、温度履歴情報としての二次電池２の平均温度が４５℃、５５℃の場合についても同様に対応関係が予め作成され、対応関係記憶部５０に記憶されている。 The storage unit 5 shown in FIG. 1 is a non-volatile memory and has a correspondence storage unit 50. The correspondence relationship storage unit 50 stores in advance the correspondence relationship between the temperature history information of the secondary battery 2, the input / output resistance of the secondary battery 2, and the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2. For example, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2A, the correspondence between the input resistance and the fully charged capacity when the average temperature of the secondary battery 2 as the temperature history information is 35 ° C. is created in advance. , It is stored in the correspondence storage unit 50. Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 2 (c), in the case where the average temperature of the secondary battery 2 as the temperature history information is 45 ° C. and 55 ° C., a corresponding relationship is similarly created in advance and supported. It is stored in the relationship storage unit 50.

対応関係記憶部５０に記憶される対応関係の形態は特に限定されず、例えば、算出式、マップ、表などの形態とすることができる。なお、対応関係記憶部５０に記憶される対応関係は、測定用の二次電池２を用いて加速劣化試験を行って分解調査して得られた実測定値を基に作成したり、二次電池２のモデルを用いて正極及び負極の状態変化を理論的に導き出す算出式により作成することができる。 The form of the correspondence relationship stored in the correspondence storage unit 50 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a calculation formula, a map, a table, or the like. The correspondence relationship stored in the correspondence storage unit 50 can be created based on the actual measured value obtained by performing an accelerated deterioration test using the secondary battery 2 for measurement and disassembling and investigating, or the secondary battery. It can be created by a calculation formula that theoretically derives the state change of the positive electrode and the negative electrode using the model 2.

図１に示す演算部６は、満充電容量推定部６０を有する。演算部６はマイコンにより構成され、満充電容量推定部６０としての機能を果たすプログラムを実行可能に構成されている。当該プログラムは演算部６に設けられた図示しないメモリに格納されている。 The calculation unit 6 shown in FIG. 1 has a full charge capacity estimation unit 60. The calculation unit 6 is composed of a microcomputer, and is configured to be able to execute a program that functions as a full charge capacity estimation unit 60. The program is stored in a memory (not shown) provided in the arithmetic unit 6.

満充電容量推定部６０は、出入力抵抗格納部４０に格納された出力抵抗又は入力抵抗と、温度履歴情報格納部４１に格納された温度履歴情報とに基づいて、対応関係記憶部５０に記憶された対応関係を参照して、二次電池２の満充電容量を算出する。本実施形態では、満充電容量推定部６０は、出入力抵抗格納部４０に格納された出力抵抗又は入力抵抗から、初期値からの増加率である出力抵抗増加率又は入力抵抗増加率を算出する。また、満充電容量推定部６０は、温度履歴情報格納部４１に格納された温度履歴から平均温度を算出する。 The full charge capacity estimation unit 60 stores in the correspondence storage unit 50 based on the output resistance or input resistance stored in the input / output resistance storage unit 40 and the temperature history information stored in the temperature history information storage unit 41. The full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is calculated with reference to the correspondence relationship. In the present embodiment, the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 calculates the output resistance increase rate or the input resistance increase rate, which is the rate of increase from the initial value, from the output resistance or the input resistance stored in the input / output resistance storage unit 40. .. Further, the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 calculates the average temperature from the temperature history stored in the temperature history information storage unit 41.

例えば、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した平均温度が３５℃である場合には、対応関係記憶部５０に記憶された対応関係から図２（ａ）に示す対応関係を参照し、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した入力抵抗増加率を当該対応関係に当てはめて、二次電池２の満充電容量を算出する。当該算出された満充電容量が満充電容量推定部６０における推定結果となる。また、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した平均温度が４５℃である場合には、図２（ｂ）に示す対応関係を参照し、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した平均温度が５５℃である場合には、図２（ｃ）に示す対応関係を参照して、同様に二次電池２の満充電容量を算出し、当該算出された満充電容量が満充電容量推定部６０における推定結果となる。 For example, when the average temperature calculated by the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 is 35 ° C., refer to the correspondence relationship shown in FIG. 2A from the correspondence relationship stored in the correspondence storage unit 50, and refer to the full charge capacity. The full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is calculated by applying the input resistance increase rate calculated by the estimation unit 60 to the corresponding relationship. The calculated full charge capacity becomes the estimation result in the full charge capacity estimation unit 60. When the average temperature calculated by the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 is 45 ° C., the average temperature calculated by the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 is 55 ° C. with reference to the correspondence shown in FIG. 2 (b). In some cases, the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is similarly calculated with reference to the correspondence relationship shown in FIG. 2 (c), and the calculated full charge capacity is the estimation result in the full charge capacity estimation unit 60. It becomes.

電池状態推定装置１は、満充電容量推定部６０における推定結果を表示して、ユーザに推定結果を視認可能にする図示しない表示部を備えていてもよい。また、推定結果が所定の値よりも大きい場合又は小さい場合に所定態様の音声を出力したり所定態様のランプを点灯させたりして、推定結果をするユーザに報知する図示しない報知部を備えていてもよい。 The battery state estimation device 1 may include a display unit (not shown) that displays the estimation result of the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 so that the user can visually recognize the estimation result. Further, it is provided with a notification unit (not shown) that notifies the user who makes the estimation result by outputting the voice of the predetermined mode or turning on the lamp of the predetermined mode when the estimation result is larger or smaller than the predetermined value. You may.

図１に示す二次電池２は非水系の二次電池である。本実施形態では、二次電池２はリチウムイオン二次電池である。二次電池２において、負極はチタン酸リチウムまたはハードカーボンからなり、正極は層状岩塩型又はスピネル型の結晶構造を有するリチウム遷移金属酸化物からなる。そして、本実施形態では、電池状態推定装置１と、電池状態推定装置１により満充電容量が推定される二次電池２とにより、電源装置１００が構成されている。 The secondary battery 2 shown in FIG. 1 is a non-aqueous secondary battery. In the present embodiment, the secondary battery 2 is a lithium ion secondary battery. In the secondary battery 2, the negative electrode is made of lithium titanate or hard carbon, and the positive electrode is made of a lithium transition metal oxide having a layered rock salt type or spinel type crystal structure. In the present embodiment, the power supply device 100 is composed of the battery state estimation device 1 and the secondary battery 2 whose full charge capacity is estimated by the battery state estimation device 1.

次に、電池状態推定装置１の使用態様について、図３に示すフロー図を用いて説明する。まず、図３に示すように、ステップＳ１において、二次電池２に直流電流を流す。そして、ステップＳ２において、温度履歴情報取得部４１において、二次電池２の温度履歴の取得を開始する。温度履歴情報取得部４１は、所定間隔で継続して二次電池２の温度を取得する。温度履歴情報取得部４１が取得した温度履歴は温度履歴情報格納部４１に順次格納されて蓄積される。なお、本実施形態では、ステップＳ２において、出入力抵抗取得部３０により、二次電池２における入力抵抗の初期値を取得し、出入力抵抗格納部４０に格納する。 Next, the usage mode of the battery state estimation device 1 will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. First, as shown in FIG. 3, in step S1, a direct current is passed through the secondary battery 2. Then, in step S2, the temperature history information acquisition unit 41 starts acquiring the temperature history of the secondary battery 2. The temperature history information acquisition unit 41 continuously acquires the temperature of the secondary battery 2 at predetermined intervals. The temperature history acquired by the temperature history information acquisition unit 41 is sequentially stored and accumulated in the temperature history information storage unit 41. In the present embodiment, in step S2, the input / output resistance acquisition unit 30 acquires the initial value of the input resistance in the secondary battery 2, and stores it in the input / output resistance storage unit 40.

次に、ステップＳ３において、二次電池２における満充電容量を推定する容量推定タイミングが到来したか否かを判定する。当該判定は図示しない判定部により行う。容量推定タイミングが到来していないと判定された場合は、再度ステップＳ３に戻る。 Next, in step S3, it is determined whether or not the capacity estimation timing for estimating the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 has arrived. The determination is made by a determination unit (not shown). If it is determined that the capacity estimation timing has not arrived, the process returns to step S3 again.

ステップＳ３において、容量推定タイミングが到来していると判定された場合は、ステップＳ４に進み、出入力抵抗取得部３０により、二次電池２の入力抵抗を取得し、出入力抵抗格納部４０に格納する。 If it is determined in step S3 that the capacity estimation timing has arrived, the process proceeds to step S4, the input / output resistance acquisition unit 30 acquires the input resistance of the secondary battery 2, and the input / output resistance storage unit 40 receives the input resistance. Store.

そして、ステップＳ５において、満充電容量推定部６０は、容量推定タイミングまでに温度履歴情報格納部４１に蓄積された温度履歴の平均温度を算出する。また、容量推定タイミングにおいて出入力抵抗格納部４０に格納された入力抵抗の増加率を算出する。そして、ステップＳ６において、満充電容量推定部６０は、算出した平均温度に基づいて、対応関係記憶部に記憶された対応関係を参照し、当該対応関係に算出した入力抵抗増加率を当てはめて、満充電容量を算出する。 Then, in step S5, the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 calculates the average temperature of the temperature history accumulated in the temperature history information storage unit 41 by the capacity estimation timing. In addition, the rate of increase of the input resistance stored in the input / output resistance storage unit 40 is calculated at the capacitance estimation timing. Then, in step S6, the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 refers to the correspondence relationship stored in the correspondence relationship storage unit based on the calculated average temperature, and applies the calculated input resistance increase rate to the correspondence relationship. Calculate the full charge capacity.

例えば、ステップＳ５において、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した温度履歴の平均温度が３５℃である場合には、ステップＳ６において、対応関係記憶部５０に記憶された対応関係から図２（ａ）に示す対応関係を参照し、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した入力抵抗増加率を当該対応関係に当てはめて、二次電池２の満充電容量を算出する。また、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した平均温度が４５℃である場合には図２（ｂ）に示す対応関係を参照し、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した平均温度が５５℃である場合には図２（ｃ）に示す対応関係を参照して、同様に二次電池２の満充電容量を算出する。 For example, when the average temperature of the temperature history calculated by the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 in step S5 is 35 ° C., FIG. 2A shows the correspondence relationship stored in the correspondence storage unit 50 in step S6. The full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is calculated by applying the input resistance increase rate calculated by the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 to the correspondence relationship with reference to the correspondence relationship shown in 1. When the average temperature calculated by the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 is 45 ° C., the average temperature calculated by the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 is 55 ° C. with reference to the correspondence shown in FIG. 2 (b). In the case, the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is calculated in the same manner with reference to the correspondence relationship shown in FIG. 2 (c).

そして、図３に示すように、ステップＳ７において、満充電容量推定部６０における算出結果を容量推定タイミングにおける二次電池２の満充電容量として推定する。 Then, as shown in FIG. 3, in step S7, the calculation result in the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 is estimated as the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 at the capacity estimation timing.

（評価試験１）
実施形態１の電池状態推定装置１における満充電容量の推定結果の評価を行った。
試験例１〜３において、使用する二次電池２はいずれもマンガン酸リチウムからなる正極と、チタン酸リチウムからなる負極を有するリチウムイオン二次電池とした。
そして、満充電容量を推定する容量推定タイミングまでの二次電池２の温度履歴の平均温度が、試験例１では３５℃、試験例２では４５℃、試験例３では５５℃となるようにし、二次電池２における入力抵抗増加率が２０％に達したときの満充電容量を推定した。試験例１〜３における推定結果を表１に示す。 (Evaluation test 1)
The estimation result of the full charge capacity in the battery state estimation device 1 of the first embodiment was evaluated.
In Test Examples 1 to 3, the secondary batteries 2 used were all lithium ion secondary batteries having a positive electrode made of lithium manganate and a negative electrode made of lithium titanate.
Then, the average temperature of the temperature history of the secondary battery 2 up to the capacity estimation timing for estimating the full charge capacity is 35 ° C. in Test Example 1, 45 ° C. in Test Example 2, and 55 ° C. in Test Example 3. The full charge capacity when the input resistance increase rate in the secondary battery 2 reached 20% was estimated. Table 1 shows the estimation results in Test Examples 1 to 3.

Figure 0006880806
Figure 0006880806

表１に示すように、二次電池２において入力抵抗から満充電容量を推定した試験例１〜３では、試験例１の平均温度が３５℃の場合は満充電容量の推定値は１１．４９Ａｈであり、試験例２の平均温度が４５℃の場合は満充電容量の推定値は１１．６９Ａｈであり、試験例３の平均温度が５５℃の場合は満充電容量の推定値は１１．８０Ａｈであった。すなわち、平均温度が３５℃の場合と平均温度が５５℃の場合とで推定値は０．３１Ａｈの差を示した。これにより、履歴温度の平均温度の差が、推定値に確実に反映されていることが確認できた。 As shown in Table 1, in Test Examples 1 to 3 in which the full charge capacity was estimated from the input resistance of the secondary battery 2, when the average temperature of Test Example 1 was 35 ° C., the estimated full charge capacity was 11.49 Ah. When the average temperature of Test Example 2 is 45 ° C., the estimated value of the full charge capacity is 11.69 Ah, and when the average temperature of Test Example 3 is 55 ° C., the estimated value of the full charge capacity is 11.80 Ah. Met. That is, the estimated value showed a difference of 0.31 Ah between the case where the average temperature was 35 ° C. and the case where the average temperature was 55 ° C. From this, it was confirmed that the difference in the average temperature of the historical temperature is surely reflected in the estimated value.

以上のように、入力抵抗から満充電容量を推定した本実施形態の電池状態推定装置１では、温度履歴が異なる場合には温度履歴に応じて満充電容量を推定できることが示された。なお、従来の満充電容量の推定する方法では、温度履歴を全く考慮しないため、上記試験例１〜３の二次電池２では満充電容量の推定値が同一となる。 As described above, it has been shown that the battery state estimation device 1 of the present embodiment, which estimates the full charge capacity from the input resistance, can estimate the full charge capacity according to the temperature history when the temperature history is different. Since the temperature history is not considered at all in the conventional method of estimating the full charge capacity, the estimated value of the full charge capacity is the same in the secondary batteries 2 of Test Examples 1 to 3.

（二次電池における正極の容量利用率の設定値について評価）
二次電池２における正極の容量利用率の設定値について検討を行ったところ、二次電池２が正極の容量利用率がより高く設定されたリチウムイオン二次電池である場合に、電池状態推定装置１による満充電容量の推定精度の向上効果がより大きく得られることを見い出した。具体的には、正極の実使用容量／理論容量で表される正極の容量使用率が５５％以上の場合に、電池状態推定装置１による満充電容量の推定精度が一層向上することを見い出した。 (Evaluation of the set value of the capacity utilization rate of the positive electrode in the secondary battery)
When the set value of the capacity utilization rate of the positive electrode in the secondary battery 2 was examined, the battery state estimation device was used when the secondary battery 2 was a lithium ion secondary battery in which the capacity utilization rate of the positive electrode was set higher. It has been found that the effect of improving the estimation accuracy of the full charge capacity according to 1 can be obtained more. Specifically, it has been found that the accuracy of estimating the full charge capacity by the battery state estimation device 1 is further improved when the capacity usage rate of the positive electrode represented by the actual used capacity / theoretical capacity of the positive electrode is 55% or more. ..

次に、本実施形態の電池状態推定装置１における作用効果について、詳述する。
電池状態推定装置１においては、二次電池２の満充電容量を推定する際に、二次電池２における温度履歴、出入力抵抗及び満充電容量の対応関係を使用している。そのため、推定される満充電容量は、二次電池２が使用された温度履歴が考慮されたものとなる。その結果、二次電池２の満充電容量を高精度に推定することができる。 Next, the operation and effect of the battery state estimation device 1 of the present embodiment will be described in detail.
In the battery state estimation device 1, when estimating the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2, the correspondence between the temperature history, the input / output resistance, and the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is used. Therefore, the estimated full charge capacity takes into account the temperature history in which the secondary battery 2 is used. As a result, the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 can be estimated with high accuracy.

また、本実施形態では、電池状態推定装置１は、温度履歴情報取得部３１、温度履歴情報格納部４１、出入力抵抗取得部３０、出入力抵抗格納部４０、対応関係記憶部５０及び満充電容量推定部６０を備える。そして、温度履歴情報取得部３１は、二次電池の温度を取得する。温度履歴情報格納部４１は、温度履歴情報取得部３１が取得した温度を蓄積してなる温度履歴を含む温度履歴情報が格納される。出入力抵抗取得部３０は、二次電池２における出入力抵抗を取得する。出入力抵抗格納部４０は、出入力抵抗取得部３０が取得した出入力抵抗が格納される。対応関係記憶部５０は、温度履歴情報と出入力抵抗と二次電池２の満充電容量との対応関係が予め記憶されている。満充電容量推定部６０は、出入力抵抗格納部４０に格納された出入力抵抗と温度履歴情報格納部４１に格納された温度履歴情報とから対応関係記憶部５０に記憶された対応関係に基づいて、二次電池２の満充電容量を推定する。電池状態推定装置１は、かかる構成を有することにより、温度履歴情報を考慮して、二次電池２の満充電容量を高精度に推定する。 Further, in the present embodiment, the battery state estimation device 1 includes a temperature history information acquisition unit 31, a temperature history information storage unit 41, an input / output resistance acquisition unit 30, an input / output resistance storage unit 40, a correspondence storage unit 50, and a fully charged battery. The capacity estimation unit 60 is provided. Then, the temperature history information acquisition unit 31 acquires the temperature of the secondary battery. The temperature history information storage unit 41 stores temperature history information including a temperature history obtained by accumulating the temperature acquired by the temperature history information acquisition unit 31. The input / output resistance acquisition unit 30 acquires the input / output resistance of the secondary battery 2. The input / output resistance storage unit 40 stores the input / output resistance acquired by the input / output resistance acquisition unit 30. The correspondence storage unit 50 stores in advance the correspondence between the temperature history information, the input / output resistance, and the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2. The full charge capacity estimation unit 60 is based on the correspondence relationship stored in the correspondence storage unit 50 from the input / output resistance stored in the input / output resistance storage unit 40 and the temperature history information stored in the temperature history information storage unit 41. Then, the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is estimated. Since the battery state estimation device 1 has such a configuration, the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is estimated with high accuracy in consideration of the temperature history information.

また、本実施形態では、電源装置１００は、電池状態推定装置１と、電池状態推定装置１によって満充電容量が推定される二次電池２とを備え、二次電池２がリチウムイオン二次電池であるとともに、チタン酸リチウムまたはハードカーボンからなる負極を有する。これにより、二次電池２において、負極の劣化よりも正極の劣化が顕著となるため、温度履歴情報を考慮して満充電容量を推定する電池状態推定装置１によって、当該二次電池２の満充電容量を一層高精度に推定することができる。その結果、電源装置１００は、二次電池２の満充電容量が高精度に推定される電源装置となる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the power supply device 100 includes a battery state estimation device 1 and a secondary battery 2 whose full charge capacity is estimated by the battery state estimation device 1, and the secondary battery 2 is a lithium ion secondary battery. It also has a negative electrode made of lithium titanate or hard carbon. As a result, in the secondary battery 2, the deterioration of the positive electrode is more remarkable than the deterioration of the negative electrode. Therefore, the battery state estimation device 1 that estimates the full charge capacity in consideration of the temperature history information is used to fill the secondary battery 2. The charge capacity can be estimated with higher accuracy. As a result, the power supply device 100 becomes a power supply device in which the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is estimated with high accuracy.

また、本実施形態では、電源装置１００は、二次電池２が、層状岩塩型又はスピネル型の結晶構造を有するリチウム遷移金属酸化物からなる正極を有する。これにより、二次電池２において、負極の劣化よりも正極の劣化が更に顕著となるため、温度履歴情報を考慮して満充電容量を推定する電池状態推定装置１によって、当該二次電池２の満充電容量をより一層高精度に推定することができる。その結果、電源装置１００は、二次電池２の満充電容量が一層高精度に推定される電源装置となる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the power supply device 100 has a positive electrode in which the secondary battery 2 is made of a lithium transition metal oxide having a layered rock salt type or spinel type crystal structure. As a result, in the secondary battery 2, the deterioration of the positive electrode becomes more remarkable than the deterioration of the negative electrode. Therefore, the battery state estimation device 1 that estimates the full charge capacity in consideration of the temperature history information of the secondary battery 2 The full charge capacity can be estimated with even higher accuracy. As a result, the power supply device 100 becomes a power supply device in which the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is estimated with higher accuracy.

本実施形態では、電源装置１００は、一つの電池状態推定装置１に一つの二次電池２が接続されているが、これに替えて、一つの電池状態推定装置１に、複数の二次電池２が備えられた組電池が接続された構成としてもよい。この場合は、組電池全体の満充電容量を高精度に推定することができる。 In the present embodiment, in the power supply device 100, one secondary battery 2 is connected to one battery state estimation device 1, but instead of this, a plurality of secondary batteries are connected to one battery state estimation device 1. A configuration in which an assembled battery provided with 2 is connected may be used. In this case, the full charge capacity of the entire assembled battery can be estimated with high accuracy.

以上のごとく、本実施形態によれば、二次電池２の状態を高精度に推定することができる電池状態推定装置１及び電源装置１００が提供される。 As described above, according to the present embodiment, the battery state estimation device 1 and the power supply device 100 capable of estimating the state of the secondary battery 2 with high accuracy are provided.

（実施形態２）
実施形態１の電池状態推定装置１及び電源装置１００では、図２（ａ）〜図２（ｃ）に例示する温度履歴情報としての平均温度と入力抵抗と満充電容量との対応関係が対応関係記憶部５０に記憶されており、出入力抵抗取得部３０により二次電池２の入力抵抗を取得して、満充電容量推定部６０において満充電容量を推定することとした。これに替えて、実施形態２の電池状態推定装置１及び電源装置１００では、対応関係記憶部５０には、温度履歴情報としての平均温度と出力抵抗と満充電容量との対応関係が対応関係記憶部５０に記憶されている。例えば、図４（ａ）、図４（ｂ）及び図４（ｃ）に示すように、温度履歴情報としての二次電池２の平均温度が３５℃、４５℃、５５℃の場合における出力抵抗と満充電容量との対応関係が対応関係記憶部５０に記憶されている。そして、出入力抵抗取得部３０は二次電池２の出力抵抗を取得して、満充電容量推定部６０において満充電容量を推定する。
なお、本実施形態において、上述の実施形態１と同等の構成、ステップについては同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。 (Embodiment 2)
In the battery state estimation device 1 and the power supply device 100 of the first embodiment, the correspondence relationship between the average temperature, the input resistance, and the full charge capacity as the temperature history information illustrated in FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (c) is the correspondence relationship. It is stored in the storage unit 50, and the input / output resistance acquisition unit 30 acquires the input resistance of the secondary battery 2, and the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 estimates the full charge capacity. Instead of this, in the battery state estimation device 1 and the power supply device 100 of the second embodiment, the correspondence relationship storage unit 50 stores the correspondence relationship between the average temperature as the temperature history information, the output resistance, and the full charge capacity. It is stored in the part 50. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a), 4 (b) and 4 (c), the output resistance when the average temperature of the secondary battery 2 as the temperature history information is 35 ° C, 45 ° C, 55 ° C. The correspondence between the and the fully charged capacity is stored in the correspondence storage unit 50. Then, the input / output resistance acquisition unit 30 acquires the output resistance of the secondary battery 2, and the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 estimates the full charge capacity.
In this embodiment, the same components and steps as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

本実施形態における使用態様では、図５に示すように、実施形態１と同様にステップＳ１、ステップＳ２を実施する。なお、ステップＳ２において、実施形態１では出入力抵抗取得部３０により、二次電池２における入力抵抗の初期値を取得したが、本実施形態では、二次電池２における出力抵抗の初期値を取得し、出入力抵抗格納部４０に格納する。その後、実施形態１と同様にステップＳ３を実施する。 In the usage mode of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, steps S1 and S2 are carried out in the same manner as in the first embodiment. In step S2, in the first embodiment, the input / output resistance acquisition unit 30 acquires the initial value of the input resistance in the secondary battery 2, but in the present embodiment, the initial value of the output resistance in the secondary battery 2 is acquired. Then, it is stored in the input / output resistance storage unit 40. After that, step S3 is carried out in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

そして、ステップＳ３において、容量推定タイミングが到来していると判定された場合には、図５に示すステップＳ４０に進み、出入力抵抗取得部３０により、二次電池２の出力抵抗を取得し、出入力抵抗格納部４０に格納する。その後、ステップＳ５０に進み、満充電容量推定部６０は、実施形態１と同様に、容量推定タイミングまでに温度履歴情報格納部４１に蓄積された温度履歴の平均温度を算出する。また、容量推定タイミングにおいて出入力抵抗格納部４０に格納された出力抵抗の増加率を算出する。 Then, in step S3, when it is determined that the capacity estimation timing has arrived, the process proceeds to step S40 shown in FIG. 5, and the output resistance of the secondary battery 2 is acquired by the input / output resistance acquisition unit 30. It is stored in the input / output resistance storage unit 40. After that, the process proceeds to step S50, and the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 calculates the average temperature of the temperature history accumulated in the temperature history information storage unit 41 by the capacity estimation timing, as in the first embodiment. In addition, the rate of increase of the output resistance stored in the input / output resistance storage unit 40 is calculated at the capacitance estimation timing.

例えば、ステップＳ５０において、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した温度履歴の平均温度が３５℃である場合には、ステップＳ６において、対応関係記憶部５０に記憶された対応関係から図４（ａ）に示す対応関係を参照し、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した出力抵抗増加率を当該対応関係に当てはめて、二次電池２の満充電容量を算出する。また、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した平均温度が４５℃である場合には図４（ｂ）に示す対応関係を参照し、満充電容量推定部６０が算出した平均温度が５５℃である場合には図４（ｃ）に示す対応関係を参照して、同様に二次電池２の満充電容量を算出する。 For example, when the average temperature of the temperature history calculated by the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 in step S50 is 35 ° C., FIG. 4A shows the correspondence relationship stored in the correspondence storage unit 50 in step S6. The full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is calculated by applying the output resistance increase rate calculated by the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 to the correspondence relationship with reference to the correspondence relationship shown in 1. When the average temperature calculated by the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 is 45 ° C., the average temperature calculated by the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 is 55 ° C. with reference to the correspondence shown in FIG. 4 (b). In the case, the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 is calculated in the same manner with reference to the correspondence relationship shown in FIG. 4 (c).

そして、実施形態１と同様に、ステップＳ７おいて、満充電容量推定部６０の算出結果を容量推定タイミングにおける二次電池２の満充電容量として推定する。
このように使用される本実施形態においても、実施形態１と同等の作用効果を奏する。 Then, as in the first embodiment, in step S7, the calculation result of the full charge capacity estimation unit 60 is estimated as the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 at the capacity estimation timing.
Also in the present embodiment used in this way, the same effect as that of the first embodiment is obtained.

（評価試験２）
実施形態２の電池状態推定装置１における満充電容量の推定結果の評価を行った。
試験例４〜６において、実施形態１の場合の評価試験と同様の二次電池２を使用した。
そして、満充電容量を推定する容量推定タイミングまでの二次電池２の温度履歴の平均温度が、試験例４では３５℃、試験例５では４５℃、試験例６では５５℃となるようにし、二次電池２における出力抵抗増加率が２０％に達したときの満充電容量を推定した。試験例４〜６における推定結果を表２に示す。 (Evaluation test 2)
The estimation result of the full charge capacity in the battery state estimation device 1 of the second embodiment was evaluated.
In Test Examples 4 to 6, the secondary battery 2 similar to the evaluation test in the case of the first embodiment was used.
Then, the average temperature of the temperature history of the secondary battery 2 up to the capacity estimation timing for estimating the full charge capacity is 35 ° C. in Test Example 4, 45 ° C. in Test Example 5, and 55 ° C. in Test Example 6. The full charge capacity when the output resistance increase rate of the secondary battery 2 reached 20% was estimated. Table 2 shows the estimation results in Test Examples 4 to 6.

Figure 0006880806
Figure 0006880806

表２に示すように、二次電池２において出力抵抗から満充電容量を推定した試験例４〜６では、試験例４の平均温度が３５℃の場合は満充電容量の推定値は１１．４３Ａｈであり、試験例５の平均温度が４５℃の場合は満充電容量の推定値は１１．６７Ａｈであり、試験例６の平均温度が５５℃の場合は満充電容量の推定値は１１．７７Ａｈであった。すなわち、平均温度が３５℃の場合と平均温度が５５℃の場合とで推定値は０．３４Ａｈの差を示した。これによって、実施形態１の場合と同様に、履歴温度の平均温度の差が、推定値に確実に反映されていることが確認できた。 As shown in Table 2, in Test Examples 4 to 6 in which the full charge capacity was estimated from the output resistance of the secondary battery 2, when the average temperature of Test Example 4 was 35 ° C., the estimated full charge capacity was 11.43 Ah. When the average temperature of Test Example 5 is 45 ° C., the estimated value of the full charge capacity is 11.67 Ah, and when the average temperature of Test Example 6 is 55 ° C., the estimated value of the full charge capacity is 11.77 Ah. Met. That is, the estimated value showed a difference of 0.34 Ah between the case where the average temperature was 35 ° C. and the case where the average temperature was 55 ° C. As a result, it was confirmed that the difference in the average temperature of the historical temperatures was surely reflected in the estimated value, as in the case of the first embodiment.

以上のように、出力抵抗から満充電容量を推定した本実施形態の電池状態推定装置１でも、温度履歴が異なる場合には温度履歴に応じて満充電容量を推定できることが示された。なお、従来の満充電容量の推定する方法では、温度履歴を全く考慮しないため、上記試験例４〜６の二次電池２では満充電容量の推定値が同一となる。 As described above, it was shown that even the battery state estimation device 1 of the present embodiment, which estimates the full charge capacity from the output resistance, can estimate the full charge capacity according to the temperature history when the temperature history is different. Since the temperature history is not considered at all in the conventional method of estimating the full charge capacity, the estimated value of the full charge capacity is the same in the secondary batteries 2 of Test Examples 4 to 6.

本発明は上記実施形態及び変形形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の実施形態に適用することが可能である。例えば、対応関係記憶部５０に、実施形態１の場合の入力抵抗に関する対応関係と、実施形態２の場合の出力抵抗に関する対応関係との両方が記憶されており、入力抵抗及び出力抵抗のいずれからでも二次電池２の満充電容量を推定可能な電池状態推定装置１及び電源装置１００としてもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and modifications, and can be applied to various embodiments without departing from the gist thereof. For example, the correspondence storage unit 50 stores both the correspondence regarding the input resistance in the case of the first embodiment and the correspondence regarding the output resistance in the case of the second embodiment, and can be obtained from either the input resistance or the output resistance. However, the battery state estimation device 1 and the power supply device 100 that can estimate the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 2 may be used.

１ 電池状態推定装置
２ 二次電池
３０ 出入力抵抗取得部
３１ 温度履歴情報取得部
４０ 出入力抵抗格納部
４１ 温度履歴情報格納部
５０ 対応関係記憶部
６０ 満充電容量推定部
１００ 電源装置 1 Battery state estimation device 2 Secondary battery 30 Input / output resistance acquisition unit 31 Temperature history information acquisition unit 40 Output / output resistance storage unit 41 Temperature history information storage unit 50 Corresponding relationship storage unit 60 Full charge capacity estimation unit 100 Power supply unit

Claims (2)

非水系の二次電池（２）における満充電容量を推定する電池状態推定装置（１）であって、
上記二次電池における温度履歴に応じて互いに異なる、上記二次電池の出入力抵抗と満充電容量との対応関係が複数記憶されており、
複数の上記対応関係の中から、上記二次電池より取得した温度履歴に応じた上記対応関係を参照し、参照した該対応関係に基づいて、上記二次電池より取得した出入力抵抗から上記二次電池の満充電容量を推定するように構成されている、電池状態推定装置と、
該電池状態推定装置によって満充電容量が推定される上記二次電池と、を備え、
上記二次電池はリチウムイオン二次電池であるとともに、チタン酸リチウム又はハードカーボンからなる負極と、層状岩塩型又はスピネル型の結晶構造を有するリチウム遷移金属酸化物からなる正極とを有する、電源装置（１００）。 A battery state estimation device (1) that estimates the full charge capacity of a non-aqueous secondary battery (2).
A plurality of correspondences between the input / output resistance of the secondary battery and the full charge capacity, which are different from each other according to the temperature history of the secondary battery, are stored.
From the plurality of correspondences, the correspondence according to the temperature history acquired from the secondary battery is referred to, and based on the referenced correspondence, the input / output resistance acquired from the secondary battery is used to obtain the above two. A battery state estimator configured to estimate the full charge capacity of the next battery ,
The secondary battery whose full charge capacity is estimated by the battery state estimation device is provided.
The secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery and has a negative electrode made of lithium titanate or hard carbon and a positive electrode made of a lithium transition metal oxide having a layered rock salt type or spinel type crystal structure. (100) . 上記電池状態推定装置は、
上記二次電池の温度を取得する温度履歴情報取得部（３１）と、
該温度履歴情報取得部が取得した温度を蓄積してなる温度履歴を含む温度履歴情報が格納される温度履歴情報格納部（４１）と、
上記二次電池における出入力抵抗を取得する出入力抵抗取得部（３０）と、
上記出入力抵抗取得部が取得した上記出入力抵抗が格納される出入力抵抗格納部（４０）と、
上記複数の上記対応関係が予め記憶された対応関係記憶部（５０）と、
上記出入力抵抗格納部に格納された上記出入力抵抗と上記温度履歴情報格納部に格納された上記温度履歴情報とから上記対応関係記憶部に記憶された上記対応関係に基づいて、上記二次電池の満充電容量を推定する満充電容量推定部（６０）と、
を有する、請求項１に記載の電源装置。 The battery state estimation device is
The temperature history information acquisition unit (31) that acquires the temperature of the secondary battery, and
A temperature history information storage unit (41) for storing temperature history information including a temperature history obtained by accumulating the temperature acquired by the temperature history information acquisition unit, and a temperature history information storage unit (41).
The input / output resistance acquisition unit (30) that acquires the input / output resistance of the secondary battery, and
The input / output resistance storage unit (40) in which the input / output resistance acquired by the input / output resistance acquisition unit is stored, and
The correspondence storage unit (50) in which the plurality of correspondences are stored in advance, and the correspondence storage unit (50).
Based on the correspondence relationship stored in the correspondence storage unit from the input / output resistance stored in the input / output resistance storage unit and the temperature history information stored in the temperature history information storage unit, the secondary Full charge capacity estimation unit (60) that estimates the full charge capacity of the battery, and
The power supply device according to claim 1.
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