JP6824640B2 - Waste incineration equipment, waste incineration method, incineration ash treatment equipment and incineration ash treatment method - Google Patents

Waste incineration equipment, waste incineration method, incineration ash treatment equipment and incineration ash treatment method Download PDF

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JP6824640B2
JP6824640B2 JP2016110694A JP2016110694A JP6824640B2 JP 6824640 B2 JP6824640 B2 JP 6824640B2 JP 2016110694 A JP2016110694 A JP 2016110694A JP 2016110694 A JP2016110694 A JP 2016110694A JP 6824640 B2 JP6824640 B2 JP 6824640B2
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翔太 川崎
翔太 川崎
平山 敦
敦 平山
北川 尚男
尚男 北川
中山 剛
剛 中山
知広 傳田
知広 傳田
太一 薄木
太一 薄木
治貴 浦部
治貴 浦部
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Description

本発明は、都市ごみ等の廃棄物を焼却する火格子式の廃棄物焼却装置及び廃棄物焼却方法、廃棄物焼却炉から排出される焼却灰中の有害物を無害化処理する焼却灰処理装置及び焼却灰処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a grate-type waste incinerator for incinerating waste such as municipal waste, a waste incineration method, and an incineration ash treatment apparatus for detoxifying harmful substances in incineration ash discharged from a waste incinerator. And incineration ash treatment method.

都市ごみや産業廃棄物などの廃棄物を焼却した際に発生する焼却残渣は、その殆どが埋め立て処分されている。しかし、近年、埋め立て処分場の確保が困難になり、埋め立て量を減少させることが要望されている。このため、廃棄物焼却炉から排出される焼却残渣(以下、「焼却灰」という)を資源として有効利用し、埋立て処分量を減少させる試みがなされている。 Most of the incineration residue generated when incineration of waste such as municipal waste and industrial waste is landfilled. However, in recent years, it has become difficult to secure a landfill disposal site, and there is a demand for reducing the amount of landfill. For this reason, attempts have been made to effectively utilize the incineration residue (hereinafter referred to as "incineration ash") discharged from the waste incinerator as a resource to reduce the amount of landfill disposal.

しかし、焼却灰には、有害物質、特に重金属類が含まれている。したがって、焼却灰からの重金属類の溶出量が基準値以上の場合は、そのままでの資源としての利用が困難である。このような状況に対処するためには、上述のような性状の焼却灰を資源として利用するために、焼却灰から重金属類を除去する処理を行うか、または重金属類を安定化させて焼却灰からの溶出量を基準値以下とする処理を行わなければならない。なお、焼却灰に含まれている重金属類のうち、特に鉛の含有量が多いため、処理の対象になっている重金属類は主として鉛である。 However, incineration ash contains harmful substances, especially heavy metals. Therefore, when the amount of heavy metals eluted from the incineration ash is equal to or more than the standard value, it is difficult to use it as a resource as it is. In order to deal with such a situation, in order to utilize the incineration ash having the above-mentioned properties as a resource, a treatment for removing heavy metals from the incineration ash is performed, or the heavy metals are stabilized and the incineration ash is incinerated. The treatment must be performed so that the amount of elution from the water is less than the standard value. Among the heavy metals contained in the incineration ash, the heavy metals to be treated are mainly lead because the content of lead is particularly high.

焼却灰中の重金属類としての鉛の難溶性化に関しては、次のようなことが知られている。 The following are known regarding the poor solubility of lead as a heavy metal in incineration ash.

(1)焼却灰に含まれる鉛は、該鉛を二酸化炭素と反応させて炭酸化物を生成することにより、水に対する溶解度が低下する性質を有する。具体的には、酸化鉛PbOから炭酸鉛PbCOに変化することにより、水に対する溶解度は酸化鉛で107mg/lであるところ、炭酸鉛では2.5mg/lと大幅に低下し、難溶性になる。 (1) Lead contained in incineration ash has a property of lowering its solubility in water by reacting the lead with carbon dioxide to form carbon oxide. Specifically, by changing from lead oxide PbO to lead carbonate PbCO 3 , the solubility in water is 107 mg / l for lead oxide, but it is significantly reduced to 2.5 mg / l for lead carbonate, making it poorly soluble. Become.

(2)また、焼却灰は塩基性であって溶出液のpHが高い。焼却灰のpHに関しては、焼却灰に含まれる酸化カルシウムCaOあるいは水酸化カルシウムCa(OH)2を二酸化炭素と反応させて炭酸カルシウムCaCOとせしめることにより、焼却灰のpHを重金属類が難溶性を示す低pHの難溶性領域とすることも行われる。焼却灰中の重金属類のうち、特に含有量が多い鉛は両性金属であり、強い塩基性を示す焼却灰に対してpHを低下させる処理を施し、難溶性領域とすることで、鉛の溶出量を減少させることができる。 (2) Further, the incinerated ash is basic and the pH of the eluate is high. Regarding the pH of incineration ash, heavy metals are poorly soluble in the pH of incineration ash by reacting calcium oxide CaO or calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2 contained in incineration ash with carbon dioxide to make calcium carbonate CaCO 3. It is also performed to make a low pH poorly soluble region showing. Among the heavy metals in the incineration ash, lead, which has a particularly high content, is an amphoteric metal, and the incineration ash showing strong basicity is treated to lower the pH to make it a sparingly soluble region, so that lead can be eluted. The amount can be reduced.

このように、(1)鉛などの重金属類の炭酸化反応により炭酸鉛などを生成させ難溶性にすることと共に、(2)焼却灰のpHを低下させ難溶性領域にすることも同時に行うことにより、重金属類を難溶化し、焼却灰からの重金属類の溶出を抑制でき、焼却灰を土木資材として利用する際の基準値となる土壌環境基準における重金属類溶出基準を満足させることができる。 In this way, (1) lead carbonate and the like are generated by the carbonation reaction of heavy metals such as lead to make it sparingly soluble, and (2) the pH of the incinerated ash is lowered to make it a sparingly soluble region at the same time. As a result, heavy metals can be made poorly soluble, elution of heavy metals from incineration ash can be suppressed, and the heavy metal elution standard in the soil environment standard, which is a standard value when incineration ash is used as a civil engineering material, can be satisfied.

現状における焼却灰の鉛の溶出量に対する基準値は、資源として有効利用する場合、鉛の溶出量が0.01mg/lである。このため、焼却灰を利用する場合には、焼却灰をこれらの基準値以下の性状にするための処理をしなければならない。 The standard value for the lead elution amount of incineration ash at present is that the lead elution amount is 0.01 mg / l when effectively used as a resource. Therefore, when incineration ash is used, it is necessary to carry out treatment to make the incineration ash have properties equal to or less than these standard values.

このような焼却灰に含まれる重金属類の難溶性化処理が知られている状況のもとで、焼却灰の無害化処理方法として、特許文献1の段落[0040]〜[0042]、図4に開示されている方法が知られている。特許文献1に開示されている焼却灰の重金属類の無害化処理方法では、廃棄物焼却炉からの燃焼排ガスが送風機により煙道から抜き出され、熱風発生炉で発生した高温の燃焼ガスと混合されて400℃〜600℃の範囲内の所定温度まで加熱された後、後燃焼火格子へ導入されるようになっており、廃棄物焼却炉の排ガスを後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰に通気することにより、焼却灰中の成分と排ガス中の炭酸ガスとの反応がなされ、鉛などの重金属類の炭酸化反応により炭酸鉛などを生成させ難溶性にすることと共に、焼却灰のpHを低下させ難溶性領域にすることも行なわれることにより、焼却灰からの重金属類の溶出を抑制する焼却灰の無害化処理が行われる。 Under the circumstances where the treatment for making heavy metals contained in incineration ash sparingly soluble is known, paragraphs [0040] to [0042] of Patent Document 1 as a method for detoxifying incineration ash, FIG. The methods disclosed in are known. In the method for detoxifying heavy metals of incineration ash disclosed in Patent Document 1, the combustion exhaust gas from the waste incinerator is extracted from the flue by a blower and mixed with the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the hot air generator. After being heated to a predetermined temperature within the range of 400 ° C to 600 ° C, it is introduced into the post-combustion grate, and the exhaust gas from the waste incinerator is ventilated to the incineration ash on the post-combustion grate. By doing so, the components in the incineration ash react with the carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust gas, and the carbonization reaction of heavy metals such as lead produces lead carbonate and the like to make it sparingly soluble, and lowers the pH of the incineration ash. The incineration ash is detoxified by suppressing the elution of heavy metals from the incineration ash by forming a poorly soluble region.

特開2003−340397Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-340397

しかしながら、特許文献1に開示された方法にあっては、後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰の粒子同士が凝集融着していて大径となっている場合には、焼却灰粒子の表面でしか反応が進行しないので、焼却灰全体に十分な無害化処理を行うことができず、無害化処理の効率が低いという問題がある。また、燃焼排ガスと混合する高温の燃焼ガスを発生させるために熱風発生炉が追加的に必要であり、設備費用と運転費用が嵩むという問題がある。 However, in the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, when the incineration ash particles on the post-combustion grate are coagulated and fused to each other and have a large diameter, only on the surface of the incineration ash particles. Since the reaction does not proceed, it is not possible to sufficiently detoxify the entire incinerated ash, and there is a problem that the efficiency of the detoxification treatment is low. Further, a hot air generator is additionally required to generate high-temperature combustion gas mixed with the combustion exhaust gas, which causes a problem that equipment cost and operation cost increase.

本発明は、かかる事情に鑑み、焼却灰全体に対して焼却灰の重金属類の溶出を抑制する無害化処理を行うことができ、さらにその無害化処理の効率を向上させることができる、廃棄物焼却装置、廃棄物焼却方法、焼却灰処理装置及び焼却灰処理方法を提供することを課題とする。 In view of such circumstances, the present invention can perform a detoxification treatment for suppressing the elution of heavy metals in the incineration ash on the entire incineration ash, and further improve the efficiency of the detoxification treatment. An object of the present invention is to provide an incineration apparatus, a waste incineration method, an incineration ash treatment apparatus, and an incineration ash treatment method.

本発明によれば、上述の課題は、次の第一発明に係る廃棄物焼却装置、第二発明に係る廃棄物焼却方法、第三発明に係る焼却灰処理装置、第四発明に係る焼却灰処理方法により解決される。 According to the present invention, the above-mentioned problems are the waste incineration apparatus according to the first invention, the waste incineration method according to the second invention, the incineration ash treatment apparatus according to the third invention, and the incineration ash according to the fourth invention. It is solved by the processing method.

<第一発明>
廃棄物を燃焼する焼却炉の燃焼室に、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子が設けられ、それぞれの火格子の下方へ一次空気を供給する一次空気供給手段が設けられている火格子式廃棄物焼却装置において、
焼却炉の排ガスの一部を、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する循環排ガス供給手段と、それぞれの火格子の下方へ供給される一次空気と循環排ガスとの混合ガスの酸素濃度を調整する酸素濃度調整手段を有していることを特徴とする火格子式廃棄物焼却装置。
<First invention>
A dry grate, a combustion grate, and a post-combustion grate are provided in the combustion chamber of an incinerator that burns waste, and a primary air supply means for supplying primary air below each grate is provided. In the lattice type waste incinerator
A mixed exhaust gas supply means for supplying a part of the exhaust gas of the incinerator below the dry grate, the combustion grate, and the post-combustion grate, and the primary air supplied below each grate and the circulating exhaust gas. A grate-type waste incinerator characterized by having an oxygen concentration adjusting means for adjusting the oxygen concentration of gas.

本発明において、酸素濃度調整手段は、乾燥火格子及び燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を14〜18vol%に、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を2〜14vol%にそれぞれ調整することが好ましい。 In the present invention, the oxygen concentration adjusting means sets the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the dry grate and the combustion grate to 14 to 18 vol% and the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the post-combustion grate to 2. It is preferable to adjust each to ~ 14 vol%.

本発明において、さらに、後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を所定温度に制御する焼却灰層温度制御手段を有し、焼却灰層温度制御手段は、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する一次空気供給量及び循環排ガス供給量のうち少なくとも一つを制御することが好ましい。また、後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を400〜700℃の範囲に制御することが好ましい。 In the present invention, the incineration ash layer temperature control means for controlling the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate to a predetermined temperature is further provided, and the incineration ash layer temperature control means is supplied below the post-combustion grate. It is preferable to control at least one of the primary air supply amount and the circulating exhaust gas supply amount. Further, it is preferable to control the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate in the range of 400 to 700 ° C.

<第二発明>
廃棄物を燃焼する焼却炉の燃焼室に設けられた、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子のそれぞれの火格子の下方へ一次空気を供給する廃棄物焼却方法において、
焼却炉の排ガスの一部を、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給するとともに、それぞれの火格子の下方へ供給される一次空気と循環排ガスとの混合ガスの酸素濃度を調整することを特徴とする廃棄物焼却方法。
<Second invention>
In a waste incineration method provided in the combustion chamber of an incinerator that burns waste, primary air is supplied below each grate of a dry grate, a combustion grate, and a post-combustion grate.
Part of the exhaust gas from the incinerator is supplied below the dry grate, combustion grate, and post-combustion grate, and the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas of the primary air and circulating exhaust gas supplied below each grate. A waste incineration method characterized by adjusting.

本発明において、 乾燥火格子及び燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を14〜18vol%に、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を2〜14vol%にそれぞれ調整することが好ましい。 In the present invention, the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the dry grate and the combustion grate is adjusted to 14 to 18 vol%, and the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the post-combustion grate is adjusted to 2 to 14 vol%. It is preferable to do so.

本発明において、後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を400〜700℃の範囲に制御することが好ましい。 In the present invention, it is preferable to control the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate in the range of 400 to 700 ° C.

<第三発明>
廃棄物を燃焼する焼却炉の燃焼室に、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子が設けられ、それぞれの火格子の下方へ一次空気を供給する一次空気供給手段が設けられている火格子式廃棄物焼却炉で廃棄物を燃焼して発生する焼却灰の処理装置であって、
焼却炉の排ガスの一部を、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する循環排ガス供給手段と、それぞれの火格子の下方へ供給される一次空気と循環排ガスとの混合ガスの酸素濃度を調整する酸素濃度調整手段を有していることを特徴とする焼却灰の処理装置。
<Third invention>
A dry grate, a combustion grate, and a post-combustion grate are provided in the combustion chamber of an incinerator that burns waste, and a primary air supply means for supplying primary air below each grate is provided. It is a treatment device for incineration ash generated by burning waste in a lattice-type waste incinerator.
A mixed exhaust gas supply means that supplies a part of the exhaust gas of the incinerator below the dry grate, the combustion grate, and the post-combustion grate, and the primary air supplied below each grate and the circulating exhaust gas. An incineration ash processing apparatus characterized by having an oxygen concentration adjusting means for adjusting the oxygen concentration of a gas.

本発明において、酸素濃度調整手段は、乾燥火格子及び燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を14〜18vol%に、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を2〜14vol%にそれぞれ調整することが好ましい。 In the present invention, the oxygen concentration adjusting means sets the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the dry grate and the combustion grate to 14 to 18 vol% and the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the post-combustion grate to 2. It is preferable to adjust each to ~ 14 vol%.

本発明において、さらに、後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を所定温度に制御する焼却灰層温度制御手段を有し、焼却灰層温度制御手段は、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する一次空気供給量及び循環排ガス供給量のうち少なくとも一つを制御することが好ましい。また、後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を400〜700℃の範囲に制御することが好ましい。 In the present invention, the incineration ash layer temperature control means for controlling the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate to a predetermined temperature is further provided, and the incineration ash layer temperature control means is supplied below the post-combustion grate. It is preferable to control at least one of the primary air supply amount and the circulating exhaust gas supply amount. Further, it is preferable to control the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate in the range of 400 to 700 ° C.

<第四発明>
廃棄物を燃焼する焼却炉の燃焼室に設けられた乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子のそれぞれの火格子の下方へ一次空気を供給する一次空気供給手段が設けられている火格子式廃棄物焼却炉を用いて廃棄物を燃焼して発生する焼却灰の処理方法であって、
焼却炉の排ガスの一部を、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給するとともに、それぞれの火格子の下方へ供給される一次空気と循環排ガスとの混合ガスの酸素濃度を調整することを特徴とする焼却灰の処理方法。
<Fourth invention>
A grate provided with a primary air supply means for supplying primary air below each grate of a dry grate, a combustion grate, and a post-combustion grate provided in the combustion chamber of an incinerator that burns waste. This is a method of treating incineration ash generated by burning waste using a waste incinerator.
Part of the exhaust gas from the incinerator is supplied below the dry grate, combustion grate, and post-combustion grate, and the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas of the primary air and circulating exhaust gas supplied below each grate. A method of treating incineration ash, which is characterized by adjusting.

本発明において、 乾燥火格子及び燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を14〜18vol%に、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を2〜14vol%にそれぞれ調整することが好ましい。 In the present invention, the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the dry grate and the combustion grate is adjusted to 14 to 18 vol%, and the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the post-combustion grate is adjusted to 2 to 14 vol%. It is preferable to do so.

本発明において、後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を400〜700℃の範囲に制御することが好ましい。 In the present invention, it is preferable to control the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate in the range of 400 to 700 ° C.

本発明は、以上のように、後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰に循環排ガス中の二酸化炭素を供給して接触させることで焼却灰に無害化処理を施す際に、循環排ガスを後燃焼火格子のみならず、乾燥火格子そして燃焼火格子上の廃棄物へも供給することとしたので、循環排ガスにより廃棄物の燃焼時の雰囲気温度が過剰に高温とならないように燃焼を抑制し、その結果、焼却灰粒子は凝集融着しないまま小粒径に保たれた状態で、後燃焼火格子上で循環排ガス中の二酸化炭素と十分な接触面積で接触して無害化処理が確実に行われることとなる。 As described above, in the present invention, when the incineration ash is detoxified by supplying carbon dioxide in the circulating exhaust gas to the incineration ash on the post-combustion grate and bringing them into contact with each other, the circulating exhaust gas is subjected to the post-combustion grate. Not only that, we decided to supply it not only to the dry grate and the waste on the combustion grate, so we suppressed the combustion so that the atmospheric temperature at the time of combustion of the waste does not become excessively high due to the circulating exhaust gas, and as a result. In the state where the incineration ash particles are kept in a small particle size without coagulation and fusion, they come into contact with carbon dioxide in the circulating exhaust gas on the post-combustion grate with a sufficient contact area to ensure detoxification treatment. It becomes.

本発明の実施形態に係る廃棄物焼却装置の概要構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the waste incineration apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

以下、添付図面にもとづき、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図1は、本実施形態に係る廃棄物焼却装置の全体構成を示しており、この廃棄物焼却装置は、焼却炉Iに一次空気供給手段IIそして後続装置IIIさらには循環排ガス供給手段IVが接続されて構成されている。そして、本実施形態装置では、上記装置、手段等に加え、一次空気供給手段の一部と循環排ガス供給手段の一部とで構成される混合ガス酸素濃度調整手段をも有している。以下、焼却炉I、一次空気供給手段II、後続装置III、循環排ガス供給手段IVそして混合ガス酸素濃度調整手段について説明する。 FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of the waste incinerator according to the present embodiment. In this waste incinerator, the primary air supply means II, the subsequent device III, and the circulating exhaust gas supply means IV are connected to the incinerator I. It is composed of. In addition to the above-mentioned devices, means, and the like, the apparatus of the present embodiment also has a mixed gas oxygen concentration adjusting means composed of a part of the primary air supply means and a part of the circulating exhaust gas supply means. Hereinafter, the incinerator I, the primary air supply means II, the succeeding device III, the circulating exhaust gas supply means IV, and the mixed gas oxygen concentration adjusting means will be described.

焼却炉Iは、炉本体1に、例えば産業廃棄物や家庭ごみ等の廃棄物を燃焼するための燃焼室2と、この燃焼室2の廃棄物の流れ方向の上流側(図1の左側)の上方に配置され、廃棄物を燃焼室2内に投入するための廃棄物投入口3と、燃焼室2の廃棄物の流れ方向の下流側(図1の右側)の上方に連設される二次燃焼室4とを備える火格子式の焼却炉である。燃焼室2に連設された二次燃焼室4では、燃焼室2で発生した燃焼ガス中の可燃性ガスの未燃分(未燃ガス)が燃焼(二次燃焼)される。 The incinerator I has a combustion chamber 2 for burning waste such as industrial waste and household waste in the furnace main body 1, and an upstream side in the flow direction of the waste in the combustion chamber 2 (left side in FIG. 1). It is arranged above the waste inlet 3 for charging the waste into the combustion chamber 2 and above the downstream side (right side in FIG. 1) of the combustion chamber 2 in the waste flow direction. It is a grate type incinerator equipped with a secondary combustion chamber 4. In the secondary combustion chamber 4 connected to the combustion chamber 2, the unburned component (unburned gas) of the combustible gas generated in the combustion chamber 2 is burned (secondary combustion).

燃焼室2の底部には、廃棄物を移動させながら燃焼させる火格子(ストーカ)5が設けられている。この火格子5は、廃棄物投入口3に近い方から、すなわち、上流側から乾燥域を形成する乾燥火格子5a、燃焼域を形成する燃焼火格子5b、後燃焼域を形成する後燃焼火格子5cの順に設けられていて、主に乾燥火格子5aと燃焼火格子5bの上に廃棄物層が形成され、後燃焼火格子の下流部に焼却灰層が形成されている。 At the bottom of the combustion chamber 2, a grate (stalker) 5 for burning waste while moving it is provided. The grate 5 is a dry grate 5a that forms a dry region, a combustion grate 5b that forms a combustion region, and a post-combustion fire that forms a post-combustion region from the side closer to the waste input port 3, that is, from the upstream side. The grids 5c are provided in this order, and a waste layer is formed mainly on the dry grate 5a and the combustion grate 5b, and an incineration ash layer is formed in the downstream portion of the post-combustion grate.

乾燥火格子5aでは主として廃棄物の乾燥と着火が行われる。燃焼火格子5bでは主として廃棄物の熱分解、部分酸化が行われ、熱分解により発生した可燃性ガスと固形分の燃焼が行われ、可燃性ガスが燃焼する際に火炎を形成する。後燃焼火格子5c上では、燃え残った廃棄物中の固形分の未燃分を完全に燃焼させる熾燃焼が行われ、廃棄物中の固形分が燃焼する際には火炎は発生せず熾燃焼する。この結果、後燃焼火格子5cの下流側部分(図1での右半部)上には、完全に燃焼した後の焼却灰の層が形成される。該焼却灰は灰排出部6から落下排出される。 In the dry grate 5a, waste is mainly dried and ignited. In the combustion grate 5b, the waste is mainly thermally decomposed and partially oxidized, and the combustible gas generated by the thermal decomposition and the solid content are burned to form a flame when the combustible gas burns. On the post-combustion grate 5c, the unburned solids in the unburned waste are completely burned, and when the solids in the waste burn, no flame is generated. Burn. As a result, a layer of incinerated ash after complete combustion is formed on the downstream side portion (right half portion in FIG. 1) of the post-combustion grate 5c. The incinerated ash is dropped and discharged from the ash discharge unit 6.

一次空気供給手段IIは、燃焼室2内の乾燥火格子5a、燃焼火格子5b及び後燃焼火格子5cの下方に、風箱が設けられているとともに、各風箱へ一次空気を送る送風機7が設けられている。送風機7により供給される燃焼用の一次空気が一次空気供給ライン8を通って各風箱に供給され、各火格子5a,5b,5cを通って燃焼室2内に供給される。一次空気供給ライン8は、各火格子5a,5b,5cへの分岐ライン8a,8b,8cを有し、各分岐ラインには流量調整機構としてのダンパ又はバルブ9a,9b,9cが設けられている。なお、燃焼用の一次空気は、火格子5a,5b,5c上の廃棄物の乾燥及び燃焼に使われるほか、火格子5a,5b,5cの冷却作用、廃棄物の攪拌作用を有する。 In the primary air supply means II, a wind box is provided below the dry grate 5a, the combustion grate 5b, and the post-combustion grate 5c in the combustion chamber 2, and the blower 7 that sends the primary air to each wind box. Is provided. The primary air for combustion supplied by the blower 7 is supplied to each air box through the primary air supply line 8, and is supplied into the combustion chamber 2 through the grate 5a, 5b, 5c. The primary air supply line 8 has branch lines 8a, 8b, 8c to each grate 5a, 5b, 5c, and each branch line is provided with a damper or valves 9a, 9b, 9c as a flow rate adjusting mechanism. There is. The primary air for combustion is used for drying and burning the waste on the grate 5a, 5b, 5c, and also has a cooling action for the grate 5a, 5b, 5c and a stirring action for the waste.

上記燃焼炉Iに接続されている後続装置IIIは、焼却炉Iから排出された排ガスとの熱交換により熱回収を行い蒸気を発生させる熱回収系統としてのボイラ10と、該ボイラ10で熱回収された排ガスを除塵するバグフィルタ11と、該バグフィルタ11で除塵された排ガスを大気中へ放出するための煙突12とを備えている。 The subsequent device III connected to the combustion furnace I has a boiler 10 as a heat recovery system that recovers heat by exchanging heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator I to generate steam, and heat recovery by the boiler 10. It is provided with a bug filter 11 for removing the exhaust gas, and a chimney 12 for discharging the exhaust gas removed by the bug filter 11 into the atmosphere.

本実施形態では、さらに循環排ガス供給手段IVが設けられている。該循環排ガス供給手段IVは、バグフィルタ11の出口側の排ガスダクト(煙道)と乾燥火格子5a、燃焼火格子5b、後燃焼火格子5cの下方の風箱とを循環排ガス供給ライン13で接続していて、バグフィルタ11による除塵後の排ガスを循環排ガスとして各風箱へ送り込むようになっている。循環排ガス供給ライン13は、各火格子5a,5b,5cへの分岐ライン13a,13b,13cを有している。各分岐ライン13a,13b,13cには流量調整を行うダンパ又はバルブ14a,14b,14cが設けられている。また、上記循環排ガス供給ライン13には送風機15が設けられている。 In the present embodiment, the circulating exhaust gas supply means IV is further provided. The circulating exhaust gas supply means IV connects the exhaust gas duct (flue) on the outlet side of the bag filter 11, the dry grate 5a, the combustion grate 5b, and the air box below the post-combustion grate 5c at the circulating exhaust gas supply line 13. It is connected and the exhaust gas after dust removal by the bug filter 11 is sent to each air box as circulating exhaust gas. The circulating exhaust gas supply line 13 has branch lines 13a, 13b, 13c to each grate 5a, 5b, 5c. Each branch line 13a, 13b, 13c is provided with a damper or a valve 14a, 14b, 14c for adjusting the flow rate. A blower 15 is provided on the circulating exhaust gas supply line 13.

かくして、それぞれの火格子5a,5b,5c下の風箱に一次空気と循環排ガスが、それぞれの流量が調整されて供給され、混合ガスとして火格子5a,5b,5cへ供給され、廃棄物、焼却灰に通気される。なお、上記風箱への一次空気そして循環排ガスを供給するためのライン等の構成は図示したものに限定されず、焼却炉の規模、形状、用途等により適宜選択され得る。 Thus, the primary air and the circulating exhaust gas are supplied to the airboxes under the grate 5a, 5b, 5c with their respective flow rates adjusted, and are supplied to the grate 5a, 5b, 5c as a mixed gas, and the waste. Ventilated in incineration ash. The configuration of the line for supplying the primary air and the circulating exhaust gas to the air box is not limited to the one shown in the figure, and may be appropriately selected depending on the scale, shape, application, etc. of the incinerator.

一次空気供給手段IIからの一次空気と循環排ガス供給手段IVからの循環排ガスとの混合ガスは、本実施形態では、酸素濃度調整手段によりその酸素濃度が調整される。該酸素濃度調整手段は、循環排ガス供給手段IVの送風機15、ダンパ又はバルブ14a,14b,14cと一次空気供給手段IIのダンパ又はバルブ9a,9b,9cにより構成されている。かくして、混合ガスの酸素濃度は、上記送風機15による循環排ガスの供給量、各ダンパ又はバルブ14a,14b,14cと各ダンパ又はバルブ9a,9b,9cのそれぞれの開度の加減により調整される。 In the present embodiment, the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas of the primary air from the primary air supply means II and the circulating exhaust gas from the circulating exhaust gas supply means IV is adjusted by the oxygen concentration adjusting means. The oxygen concentration adjusting means is composed of a blower 15, dampers or valves 14a, 14b, 14c of the circulating exhaust gas supply means IV and dampers or valves 9a, 9b, 9c of the primary air supply means II. Thus, the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas is adjusted by adjusting the supply amount of the circulating exhaust gas by the blower 15, and adjusting the opening degree of each of the dampers or valves 14a, 14b, 14c and the respective dampers or valves 9a, 9b, 9c.

次に、かかる酸素濃度調整手段による調整についてさらに詳述する。 Next, the adjustment by the oxygen concentration adjusting means will be described in more detail.

酸素濃度調整手段により、乾燥火格子5a、燃焼火格子5bに供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を、従来の空気を供給する際の21vol%より低くするとともに、混合ガスの流量を従来の空気を供給する際の流量より多くする。このように、酸素濃度を低くすることにより廃棄物と酸素との反応(燃焼)を緩慢にし、流量を多くすることにより廃棄物燃焼に寄与しない窒素量を多くして過剰な温度上昇を抑制して、火格子上の廃棄物の燃焼する温度雰囲気が過剰に高温とならないようにする。 By the oxygen concentration adjusting means, the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied to the dry grate 5a and the combustion grate 5b is made lower than 21 vol% when the conventional air is supplied, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is supplied to the conventional air. Make it more than the flow rate when doing. In this way, the reaction (combustion) between waste and oxygen is slowed down by lowering the oxygen concentration, and the amount of nitrogen that does not contribute to waste combustion is increased by increasing the flow rate to suppress excessive temperature rise. Therefore, the burning temperature atmosphere of the waste on the grate is prevented from becoming excessively high.

こうして、廃棄物が燃焼して生成した焼却灰は上記温度雰囲気下で過剰に加熱されない結果、焼却灰粒子は、凝集融着されずに小粒径形状を維持し、後燃焼火格子5cへ送られ該後燃焼火格子5c上での循環排ガス中の二酸化炭素との反応による無害化処理のための反応効率が高くなる。 In this way, the incineration ash generated by burning the waste is not excessively heated in the above temperature atmosphere, and as a result, the incineration ash particles maintain a small particle size shape without being aggregated and fused, and are sent to the post-combustion grate 5c. After that, the reaction efficiency for detoxification treatment by reaction with carbon dioxide in the circulating exhaust gas on the combustion grate 5c is increased.

本発明では、乾燥火格子5a、燃焼火格子5bに対する混合ガスの酸素濃度を従来よりも低くするが、流量は従来の空気を供給する際よりも多くし、燃焼室2内に供給する酸素総量は従来にくらべて変化させず、廃棄物の燃焼に必要な酸素量を供給する。その結果、廃棄物の燃焼は安定して行え、廃棄物は完全燃焼される。 In the present invention, the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas with respect to the dry grate 5a and the combustion grate 5b is lower than before, but the flow rate is higher than when the conventional air is supplied, and the total amount of oxygen supplied into the combustion chamber 2 is increased. Provides the amount of oxygen required to burn waste without changing it compared to the past. As a result, the waste can be burned stably, and the waste is completely burned.

混合ガスの生成には、バグフィルタ11から排出される排ガスの一部を抜きだし、循環排ガスとして用いる。循環排ガスの酸素濃度は2〜5vol%であり、循環排ガスと空気とを混合して混合ガスとして各火格子5a,5b,5cへ供給する。 To generate the mixed gas, a part of the exhaust gas discharged from the bag filter 11 is extracted and used as the circulating exhaust gas. The oxygen concentration of the circulating exhaust gas is 2 to 5 vol%, and the circulating exhaust gas and air are mixed and supplied to each grate 5a, 5b, 5c as a mixed gas.

混合ガスの酸素濃度と供給流量は、循環排ガス供給流量、空気供給流量を制御して所望の酸素濃度と供給流量に制御する。 The oxygen concentration and supply flow rate of the mixed gas are controlled to the desired oxygen concentration and supply flow rate by controlling the circulating exhaust gas supply flow rate and the air supply flow rate.

本実施形態では、酸素濃度調整手段により、乾燥火格子5a及び燃焼火格子5bの下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を14〜18vol%に調整することが好ましい。その理由は、下限の14vol%未満であると、廃棄物の燃焼が安定せず、COや煤の発生量が増加するため不適であり、また、上限の18vol%より高いと、火格子上で廃棄物が燃焼する際の温度雰囲気が過剰に高温になることを抑制できず、焼却灰粒子の凝集融着が発生し大粒径焼却灰粒子の存在割合が高くなり、後燃焼火格子5c上での焼却灰の無害化処理効率が低くなるため不適となるからである。 In the present embodiment, it is preferable to adjust the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the dry grate 5a and the combustion grate 5b to 14 to 18 vol% by the oxygen concentration adjusting means. The reason is that if it is less than the lower limit of 14 vol%, the combustion of waste is not stable and the amount of CO and soot generated increases, which is unsuitable, and if it is higher than the upper limit of 18 vol%, it is on the grate. It is not possible to prevent the temperature atmosphere when the waste is burned from becoming excessively high, coagulation and fusion of incineration ash particles occur, and the abundance ratio of large-grain incineration ash particles increases, and the post-combustion grate 5c This is because the detoxification treatment efficiency of the incinerated ash is low, which makes it unsuitable.

また、酸素濃度調整手段により、後燃焼火格子5cの下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を2〜14vol%に調整することが好ましい。その理由は、下限の2vol%未満であると、熾燃焼を十分に行えず不適であり、上限の14vol%より高いと二酸化炭素と焼却灰との反応効率が低くなり不適となるからである。 Further, it is preferable to adjust the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the post-combustion grate 5c to 2 to 14 vol% by the oxygen concentration adjusting means. The reason is that if it is less than the lower limit of 2 vol%, combustion cannot be sufficiently performed and it is unsuitable, and if it is higher than the upper limit of 14 vol%, the reaction efficiency between carbon dioxide and incineration ash becomes low and it becomes unsuitable.

さらに、燃焼火格子5b上で廃棄物が燃焼し生成する焼却灰粒子の粒径の好ましい範囲は、焼却灰全体重量の80%以上の焼却灰粒子の粒径が、5mm以下となることが好ましく、このような焼却灰粒子の粒径範囲となるように、酸素濃度調整手段により燃焼火格子5bへ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を調整する。 Further, the preferable range of the particle size of the incinerated ash particles produced by burning the waste on the combustion grate 5b is that the particle size of the incinerated ash particles of 80% or more of the total weight of the incinerated ash is preferably 5 mm or less. The oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied to the combustion grate 5b is adjusted by the oxygen concentration adjusting means so as to be within the particle size range of the incinerated ash particles.

このような本実施形態の焼却炉は、次の要領で運転される。 The incinerator of this embodiment is operated as follows.

先ず、廃棄物投入口3へ廃棄物Wを投入すると、廃棄物Wは乾燥火格子5aに堆積され、各火格子5a,5b,5cの動作により、燃焼火格子5b上そして後燃焼火格子5c上へと移動し、各火格子5a,5b,5c上に廃棄物の層を形成する。 First, when the waste W is charged into the waste input port 3, the waste W is deposited on the dry grate 5a, and by the operation of each grate 5a, 5b, 5c, it is on the combustion grate 5b and on the post-combustion grate 5c. It moves up and forms a layer of waste on each grate 5a, 5b, 5c.

乾燥火格子5a、燃焼火格子5bは風箱を経て循環排ガスと空気の混合ガスを乾燥用ガス、燃焼用ガスとしてそれぞれ受け、これにより乾燥火格子5a、燃焼火格子5b上の廃棄物は乾燥されてから燃焼される。後燃焼火格子5cでは、風箱を経て循環排ガスと空気の混合ガスを後燃焼用ガスそして焼却灰無害化処理用ガスとして受け、後燃焼そして焼却灰無害化処理が行われる。 The dry grate 5a and the combustion grate 5b receive the mixed gas of the circulating exhaust gas and the air as the drying gas and the combustion gas, respectively, through the air box, whereby the waste on the dry grate 5a and the combustion grate 5b is dried. It is burned after being burned. In the post-combustion grate 5c, the mixed gas of the circulating exhaust gas and air is received as the post-combustion gas and the incineration ash detoxification treatment gas through the air box, and the post-combustion and incineration ash detoxification treatment is performed.

燃焼室2内で発生した未燃ガスは、二次燃焼室4に導かれ、そこで二次空気と混合・攪拌され二次燃焼し、二次燃焼室4からの燃焼排ガスは廃熱ボイラ10で熱回収される。熱回収された後、廃熱ボイラ10から排出された燃焼排ガスは、バグフィルタ11に送られ除塵される。バグフィルタ11で除塵されて無害化された後の燃焼排ガスは、煙突12から大気中に放出される。 The unburned gas generated in the combustion chamber 2 is guided to the secondary combustion chamber 4, where it is mixed and stirred with the secondary air for secondary combustion, and the combustion exhaust gas from the secondary combustion chamber 4 is discharged by the waste heat boiler 10. Heat is recovered. After the heat is recovered, the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat boiler 10 is sent to the bag filter 11 to remove dust. The combustion exhaust gas after being detoxified by the bag filter 11 is discharged from the chimney 12 into the atmosphere.

乾燥火格子5aでは主として廃棄物Wの乾燥と着火が行われる。すなわち、乾燥火格子5aの廃棄物Wの流れ方向の上流側域で乾燥がそして下流側域で着火(燃焼開始が)行われる。したがって、この乾燥火格子5a上での廃棄物Wの乾燥と着火には加熱のために熱は必要であるが酸素はさほど必要としない。このような状況で、風箱から送入される酸素濃度を14〜18vol%に調整した循環排ガスと空気の混合ガスは、上述の乾燥そして着火のための乾燥用そして着火用ガスとして好適である。 In the dry grate 5a, the waste W is mainly dried and ignited. That is, drying is performed in the upstream region of the dry grate 5a in the flow direction of the waste W, and ignition (combustion start) is performed in the downstream region. Therefore, the drying and ignition of the waste W on the dry grate 5a requires heat for heating but not much oxygen. In such a situation, the mixed gas of the circulating exhaust gas and the air whose oxygen concentration sent from the air box is adjusted to 14 to 18 vol% is suitable as the above-mentioned drying and ignition gas for drying and ignition. ..

次に、燃焼火格子5bでは、該燃焼火格子5b下から吹き込まれる酸素濃度を14〜18vol%に調整した循環排ガスと空気の混合ガスを受けて、主として廃棄物Wの熱分解、部分酸化が行われ可燃性ガスが発生し、可燃性ガスと固形分の燃焼が行われる。燃焼火格子5bにおいて廃棄物Wの燃焼は実質的に完了する。この燃焼において混合ガスの酸素濃度が空気より低い濃度に調整されているので、温度雰囲気が過剰に高温になることを抑制して、焼却灰粒子同士が凝集融着して大粒径粒子となることが防止され、焼却灰は小粒径を維持することができる。 Next, the combustion grate 5b receives a mixed gas of circulating exhaust gas and air in which the oxygen concentration blown from under the combustion grate 5b is adjusted to 14 to 18 vol%, and the waste W is mainly thermally decomposed and partially oxidized. Combustible gas is generated, and the combustible gas and solid content are burned. Combustion of waste W is substantially completed in the combustion grate 5b. Since the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas is adjusted to be lower than that of air in this combustion, it is possible to suppress the temperature atmosphere from becoming excessively high, and the incinerated ash particles are aggregated and fused to form large particle size particles. This is prevented and the incinerated ash can maintain a small particle size.

しかる後、後燃焼火格子5c上では、該後燃焼火格子5c下から吹き込まれる酸素濃度を2〜14vol%に調整した循環排ガスと空気の混合ガスを受けて、僅かに残った廃棄物W中の固定炭素など未燃分を完全に熾燃焼させるともに、焼却灰の無害化処理が行われる。無害化処理された後の焼却灰は、灰排出部6より排出される。 After that, on the post-combustion grate 5c, the oxygen concentration blown from under the post-combustion grate 5c was adjusted to 2 to 14 vol%, and the mixed gas of the circulating exhaust gas and air was received, and a small amount of the remaining waste W was contained. The unburned components such as the fixed carbon of the incineration ash are completely burned, and the incineration ash is detoxified. The incinerated ash after the detoxification treatment is discharged from the ash discharge unit 6.

後燃焼火格子5c上での焼却灰の無害化処理は、循環排ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素と焼却灰に含まれる鉛とが反応して炭酸化物化して難溶性化することにより、焼却灰からの鉛の溶出が抑制されることによりなされる。また、その際、循環排ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素と焼却灰に含まれる酸化カルシウムとが反応して炭酸カルシウムとなることにより、焼却灰は、pHが低下して、鉛が難溶性を示す難溶性領域となり、焼却灰からの鉛の溶出がさらに抑制される。 The detoxification treatment of the incineration ash on the post-combustion grate 5c is performed from the incineration ash by reacting carbon dioxide contained in the circulating exhaust gas with lead contained in the incineration ash to form carbon oxide and make it sparingly soluble. This is done by suppressing the elution of lead. At that time, carbon dioxide contained in the circulating exhaust gas reacts with calcium oxide contained in the incinerated ash to form calcium carbonate, so that the pH of the incinerated ash is lowered and the lead is poorly soluble. It becomes an area and the elution of lead from incineration ash is further suppressed.

燃焼火格子5b上では、焼却灰は凝集融着せず小粒径粒子形状を維持しているので、後燃焼火格子5c上での焼却灰粒子と二酸化炭素との接触効率が高く、無害化処理効率を高くすることができる。かくして、後燃焼火格子5c上での焼却灰の無害化処理が十分に進行するため、焼却灰を排出後さらに別の無害化処理を行う必要がなく、処理費用を低くすることができる。 Since the incineration ash does not coagulate and fuse on the combustion grate 5b and maintains the small particle size particle shape, the contact efficiency between the incineration ash particles and carbon dioxide on the post-combustion grate 5c is high, and the detoxification treatment is performed. Efficiency can be increased. Thus, since the detoxification treatment of the incineration ash on the post-combustion grate 5c proceeds sufficiently, it is not necessary to perform another detoxification treatment after discharging the incineration ash, and the treatment cost can be reduced.

本実施形態の焼却炉において、後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を400〜700℃の範囲に制御する焼却灰層温度制御手段を設け、焼却灰層温度制御手段は、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する一次空気供給量及び循環排ガス供給量のうち少なくとも一つを制御することとするようにしてもよい。後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を400〜700℃の範囲に制御することにより、焼却灰に含まれる酸化カルシウムあるいは水酸化カルシウムが循環排ガス中の二酸化炭素と反応して炭酸カルシウムを生成する反応を促進させて、焼却灰のpHを鉛が難溶性を示す低pHの難溶性領域とする処理を促進させることができる。焼却灰層の温度を600〜700℃の範囲とすることがより好ましい。焼却灰層の温度が400℃未満では、前記の反応が生じないし、700℃より高いと生成した炭酸カルシウムが分解される逆反応が生じるため、好ましくない。 In the incinerator of the present embodiment, the incineration ash layer temperature control means for controlling the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate in the range of 400 to 700 ° C. is provided, and the incineration ash layer temperature control means is the post-combustion grate. It may be decided to control at least one of the primary air supply amount and the circulating exhaust gas supply amount to be supplied below. By controlling the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate in the range of 400 to 700 ° C, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide contained in the incineration ash reacts with carbon dioxide in the circulating exhaust gas to generate calcium carbonate. It is possible to promote the treatment in which the pH of the incineration ash is set to a low pH sparingly soluble region in which lead is sparingly soluble. It is more preferable that the temperature of the incineration ash layer is in the range of 600 to 700 ° C. If the temperature of the incineration ash layer is less than 400 ° C., the above reaction does not occur, and if it is higher than 700 ° C., a reverse reaction in which the generated calcium carbonate is decomposed occurs, which is not preferable.

後燃焼火格子の温度と後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度との相関関係を予め把握しておき、後燃焼火格子の温度を測定し後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を求め、求めた焼却灰層の温度に基づき、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する一次空気供給量及び循環排ガス供給量のうち少なくとも一つを制御することが好ましい。後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する一次空気供給量は、一次空気供給手段IIのダンパ又はバルブ9cの開度の加減により調整され、循環排ガス供給量は、循環排ガス供給手段IVの送風機15による循環排ガスの供給量、ダンパ又はバルブ14cの開度の加減により調整される。 Know in advance the correlation between the temperature of the post-combustion grate and the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate, measure the temperature of the post-combustion grate, and determine the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate. It is preferable to control at least one of the primary air supply amount and the circulating exhaust gas supply amount to be supplied below the post-combustion grate based on the obtained and obtained temperature of the incineration ash layer. The amount of primary air supplied below the post-combustion grate is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the damper or valve 9c of the primary air supply means II, and the amount of circulating exhaust gas supplied is circulated by the blower 15 of the circulating exhaust gas supply means IV. It is adjusted by adjusting the supply amount of exhaust gas and the opening degree of the damper or valve 14c.

図1に示す廃棄物焼却装置を用いて廃棄物を焼却し、焼却炉から排出された焼却灰を環境省告示46号土壌の汚染に係る環境基準による試験方法に基づき鉛溶出試験を行ない、溶出液pHおよび溶出鉛濃度を測定した。また、焼却灰粒子の平均粒径を測定した。次に、比較例と実施例を、一次空気等の供給状況、得られた焼却灰の平均粒径、焼却灰の溶出液pHそして鉛溶出濃度とともにその結果を示す。 Waste is incinerated using the waste incinerator shown in Fig. 1, and the incineration ash discharged from the incinerator is subjected to a lead elution test based on the test method based on the environmental standard for soil pollution, Ministry of the Environment Notification No. 46, and elution. The liquid pH and the elution lead concentration were measured. In addition, the average particle size of the incinerated ash particles was measured. Next, the results of Comparative Examples and Examples are shown together with the supply status of primary air and the like, the average particle size of the obtained incinerated ash, the eluate pH of the incinerated ash, and the lead elution concentration.

<比較例>
乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子、後燃焼火格子に空気を供給
焼却灰の平均粒径 7mm
溶出液pH 12.5
鉛溶出濃度 1.6mg/l
<Comparison example>
Air is supplied to the dry grate, combustion grate, and post-combustion grate. Average particle size of incineration ash 7 mm
Eluent pH 12.5
Lead elution concentration 1.6 mg / l

<実施例>
乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子、後燃焼火格子に循環排ガスと空気の混合ガスを供給
焼却灰の平均粒径 1.4mm
溶出液pH 11.5
鉛溶出濃度 0.01mg/l未満
<Example>
Supply a mixed gas of circulating exhaust gas and air to the dry grate, combustion grate, and post-combustion grate. Average particle size of incineration ash 1.4 mm
Eluent pH 11.5
Lead elution concentration less than 0.01 mg / l

このような結果からも判るように、実施例では、焼却灰を埋立路盤材等の土木資材として利用することができる鉛の溶出基準である0.01mg/l未満とすることができた。比較例では上記溶出基準を超過した。 As can be seen from these results, in the examples, the incineration ash could be set to less than 0.01 mg / l, which is the elution standard of lead that can be used as a civil engineering material such as a landfill roadbed material. In the comparative example, the above elution standard was exceeded.

1 焼却炉
2 燃焼室
5a 乾燥火格子
5b 燃焼火格子
5c 後燃焼火格子
II 一次空気供給手段
IV 循環排ガス供給手段
1 Incinerator 2 Combustion chamber 5a Dry grate 5b Combustion grate 5c Post-combustion grate
II Primary air supply means
IV Circulated exhaust gas supply means

Claims (10)

廃棄物を燃焼する焼却炉の燃焼室に、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子が設けられ、それぞれの火格子の下方へ一次空気を供給する一次空気供給手段が設けられている火格子式廃棄物焼却装置において、
焼却炉の排ガスの一部を、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する循環排ガス供給手段と、それぞれの火格子の下方へ供給される一次空気と循環排ガスとの混合ガスの酸素濃度を調整する酸素濃度調整手段とを有しており、
酸素濃度調整手段は、循環排ガスを、上記乾燥火格子上及び上記燃焼火格子上の廃棄物層の層内で廃棄物と接触させ、層内を上昇通過後に上記廃棄物層の直上空間をなす廃棄物熱分解領域へ直接吹き込むように、乾燥火格子及び燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を14〜18vol%に調整するとともに、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を2〜14vol%に調整することを特徴とする火格子式廃棄物焼却装置。
A dry grate, a combustion grate, and a post-combustion grate are provided in the combustion chamber of an incinerator that burns waste, and a primary air supply means for supplying primary air below each grate is provided. In the lattice type waste incinerator
A mixed exhaust gas supply means that supplies a part of the exhaust gas from the incinerator below the dry grate, the combustion grate, and the post-combustion grate, and the primary air supplied below each grate and the circulating exhaust gas. It has an oxygen concentration adjusting means for adjusting the oxygen concentration of the gas.
The oxygen concentration adjusting means brings the circulating exhaust gas into contact with the waste on the dry grate and in the layer of the waste layer on the combustion grate, and after passing through the layer ascending, forms a space directly above the waste layer. The oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the dry grate and the combustion grate is adjusted to 14 to 18 vol% so as to be blown directly into the waste thermal decomposition region, and the mixed gas supplied below the post-combustion grate. A grate-type waste incinerator characterized by adjusting the oxygen concentration to 2 to 14 vol%.
後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を所定温度に制御する焼却灰層温度制御手段を有し、焼却灰層温度制御手段は、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する一次空気供給量及び循環排ガス供給量のうち少なくとも一つを制御することとする請求項1に記載の火格子式廃棄物焼却装置。 The incineration ash layer temperature control means for controlling the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate to a predetermined temperature is provided, and the incineration ash layer temperature control means supplies the primary air supply amount and circulation below the post-combustion grate. The grate-type waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the exhaust gas supply amounts is controlled. 焼却灰層温度制御手段は、後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を400〜700℃の範囲に制御することとする請求項2に記載の火格子式廃棄物焼却装置。 The grate-type waste incineration apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the incineration ash layer temperature control means controls the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate in the range of 400 to 700 ° C. 廃棄物を燃焼する焼却炉の燃焼室に設けられた、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子の下方へ一次空気を供給する廃棄物焼却方法において、
焼却炉の排ガスの一部を、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給するとともに、それぞれの火格子の下方へ供給される一次空気と循環排ガスとの混合ガスの酸素濃度を調整し、
循環排ガスを、上記乾燥火格子上及び上記燃焼火格子上の廃棄物層の層内で廃棄物と接触させ、層内を上昇通過後に上記廃棄物層の直上空間をなす廃棄物熱分解領域へ直接吹き込むように、乾燥火格子及び燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を14〜18vol%に調整するとともに、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を2〜14vol%に調整することを特徴とする廃棄物焼却方法。
In the waste incineration method provided in the combustion chamber of an incinerator that burns waste, primary air is supplied below the dry grate, the combustion grate, and the post-combustion grate.
A part of the exhaust gas from the incinerator is supplied below the dry grate, the combustion grate, and the post-combustion grate, and the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas of the primary air and the circulating exhaust gas supplied below each grate. Adjust and
The circulating exhaust gas is brought into contact with the waste on the dry grate and in the layer of the waste layer on the combustion grate, and after passing through the layer ascending, to the waste thermal decomposition region forming the space directly above the waste layer. The oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the dry grate and the combustion grate is adjusted to 14 to 18 vol% so as to be blown directly, and the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the post-combustion grate is adjusted to 2 to 14 vol. A waste incineration method characterized by adjusting to%.
後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を400〜700℃の範囲に制御することとする請求項4に記載の火格子式廃棄物焼却方法。 The grate-type waste incineration method according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate is controlled in the range of 400 to 700 ° C. 廃棄物を燃焼する焼却炉の燃焼室に、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子が設けられ、それぞれの火格子の下方へ一次空気を供給する一次空気供給手段が設けられている火格子式廃棄物焼却炉で廃棄物を燃焼して発生する焼却灰の処理装置であって、
焼却炉の排ガスの一部を、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する循環排ガス供給手段と、それぞれの火格子の下方へ供給される一次空気と循環排ガスとの混合ガスの酸素濃度を調整する酸素濃度調整手段とを有しており、
酸素濃度調整手段は、循環排ガスを、上記乾燥火格子上及び上記燃焼火格子上の廃棄物層の層内で廃棄物と接触させ、層内を上昇通過後に上記廃棄物層の直上空間をなす廃棄物熱分解領域へ直接吹き込むように、乾燥火格子及び燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を14〜18vol%に調整するとともに、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を2〜14vol%にそれぞれ調整することを特徴とする焼却灰処理装置。
A dry grate, a combustion grate, and a post-combustion grate are provided in the combustion chamber of an incinerator that burns waste, and a primary air supply means for supplying primary air below each grate is provided. It is a treatment device for incineration ash generated by burning waste in a lattice-type waste incinerator.
A mixed exhaust gas supply means that supplies a part of the exhaust gas from the incinerator below the dry grate, the combustion grate, and the post-combustion grate, and the primary air supplied below each grate and the circulating exhaust gas. It has an oxygen concentration adjusting means for adjusting the oxygen concentration of the gas.
The oxygen concentration adjusting means brings the circulating exhaust gas into contact with the waste on the dry grate and in the layer of the waste layer on the combustion grate, and after passing through the layer ascending, forms a space directly above the waste layer. The oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the dry grate and the combustion grate is adjusted to 14 to 18 vol% so that it is blown directly into the waste thermal decomposition region, and the mixed gas supplied below the post-combustion grate. An incineration ash treatment apparatus characterized in that the oxygen concentration is adjusted to 2 to 14 vol%, respectively.
後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を所定温度に制御する焼却灰層温度制御手段を有し、焼却灰層温度制御手段は、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する一次空気供給量及び循環排ガス供給量のうち少なくとも一つを制御することとする請求項6に記載の焼却灰処理装置。 The incineration ash layer temperature control means for controlling the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate to a predetermined temperature is provided, and the incineration ash layer temperature control means supplies the primary air supply amount and circulation below the post-combustion grate. The incineration ash treatment apparatus according to claim 6, wherein at least one of the exhaust gas supply amounts is controlled. 焼却灰層温度制御手段は、後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を400〜700℃の範囲に制御することとする請求項7に記載の焼却灰処理装置。 The incineration ash treatment apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the incineration ash layer temperature control means controls the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate in the range of 400 to 700 ° C. 廃棄物を燃焼する焼却炉の燃焼室に設けられた乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子の下方へ一次空気を供給する一次空気供給手段が設けられている火格子式廃棄物焼却炉を用いて廃棄物を燃焼して発生する焼却灰の処理方法であって、
焼却炉の排ガスの一部を、乾燥火格子、燃焼火格子及び後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給するとともに、それぞれの火格子の下方へ供給される一次空気と循環排ガスとの混合ガスの酸素濃度を調整し、
循環排ガスを、上記乾燥火格子上及び上記燃焼火格子上の廃棄物層の層内で廃棄物と接触させ、層内を上昇通過後に上記廃棄物層の直上空間をなす廃棄物熱分解領域へ直接吹き込むように、乾燥火格子及び燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を14〜18vol%に調整するとともに、後燃焼火格子の下方へ供給する混合ガスの酸素濃度を2〜14vol%に調整することを特徴とする焼却灰処理方法。
A grate-type waste incinerator equipped with a dry grate, a combustion grate, and a primary air supply means for supplying primary air below the post-combustion grate provided in the combustion chamber of an incinerator that burns waste. It is a method of treating incineration ash generated by burning waste using
A part of the exhaust gas from the incinerator is supplied below the dry grate, the combustion grate, and the post-combustion grate, and the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas of the primary air and the circulating exhaust gas supplied below each grate. Adjust and
The circulating exhaust gas is brought into contact with the waste on the dry grate and in the layer of the waste layer on the combustion grate, and after passing through the layer ascending, to the waste thermal decomposition region forming the space directly above the waste layer. The oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the dry grate and the combustion grate is adjusted to 14 to 18 vol% so as to be blown directly, and the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas supplied below the post-combustion grate is adjusted to 2 to 14 vol. An incineration ash treatment method characterized by adjusting to%.
後燃焼火格子上の焼却灰層の温度を400〜700℃の範囲に制御することとする請求項9に記載の焼却灰処理方法。 The incineration ash treatment method according to claim 9, wherein the temperature of the incineration ash layer on the post-combustion grate is controlled in the range of 400 to 700 ° C.
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