JP6766097B2 - 構造体 - Google Patents
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- JP6766097B2 JP6766097B2 JP2018117530A JP2018117530A JP6766097B2 JP 6766097 B2 JP6766097 B2 JP 6766097B2 JP 2018117530 A JP2018117530 A JP 2018117530A JP 2018117530 A JP2018117530 A JP 2018117530A JP 6766097 B2 JP6766097 B2 JP 6766097B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 185
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 131
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000000260 Warts Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000010153 skin papilloma Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
- F24F5/0021—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using phase change material [PCM] for storage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0075—Systems using thermal walls, e.g. double window
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/028—Control arrangements therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
- F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0075—Systems using thermal walls, e.g. double window
- F24F2005/0078—Double windows
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/249—Glazing, e.g. vacuum glazing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/22—Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
Description
3〜5 :屋根材(構造体)
10 :2枚の板材
10a :一方の板材
10b :他方の板材
30 :スロープ(循環構造部)
30a :第1空洞
30b :第2空洞
30c :中間空洞(流路)
HF :冷媒
PCM :潜熱蓄熱材(感温手段)
Res :貯留部
SC :止水コード(感温手段)
V :弁体(感温手段)
SP :スプリング
MM :膜状部材
P :プレート部材
TH :貫通孔
BM :バイメタル(感温手段)
B :ボール
DR :縮径部
TFP :貫通流路(流路)
SS :形状記憶合金バネ(感温手段)
WM :針金状部材
Claims (14)
- 両者間で挟まれる空間を形成する2枚の板材と、
前記2枚の板材のうちの一方の板材側に、前記2枚の板材の間に封入された冷媒の貯留部を形成し、前記一方の板材側の熱によって蒸発した前記貯留部内の冷媒が他方の板材側に到達し、他方の板材側において凝縮した冷媒を再度前記貯留部に戻す循環構造部と、
前記一方の板材側の温度が所定温度以上である場合に第1状態となって前記貯留部の冷媒が蒸発した後に凝縮して再度貯留部に戻る冷媒循環を許容し、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以下の特定温度未満である場合に前記第1状態と異なる第2状態となって前記冷媒循環を禁止する感温手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする構造体。 - 前記感温手段は、前記冷媒が、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに固化することで前記第2状態となって前記冷媒循環を禁止する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の構造体。 - 前記感温手段は、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに溶解した第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに固化した第2状態となる潜熱蓄熱材を備え、
前記潜熱蓄熱材は、前記第1状態においてその一部である冷媒が前記冷媒循環可能となり、前記第2状態においてその一部である冷媒が前記冷媒循環不可となる
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の構造体。 - 前記潜熱蓄熱材は、無機塩水和物であり、その水和水が溶解時に冷媒として機能する
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の構造体。 - 前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに溶解した前記第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときにゲル化した前記第2状態となるゲル化剤を備え、
前記ゲル化剤は、前記第1状態においてその一部である冷媒が前記冷媒循環可能となり、前記第2状態においてその一部である冷媒が前記冷媒循環不可となる
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の構造体。 - 前記感温手段は、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに疎水性を発揮して乾燥状態となることで、前記貯留部と前記他方の板材側とを接続する流路を開放する第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに吸水性を発揮して膨潤状態となることで、前記貯留部と前記他方の板材側とを接続する流路を遮断する第2状態となる止水コードである
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の構造体。 - 前記感温手段は、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに疎水性を発揮して冷媒となる水を放出した第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに吸水性を発揮して冷媒となる水を吸収した第2状態となる感温性吸水高分子である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の構造体。 - 前記感温手段は、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに前記貯留部と前記他方の板材側とを接続する流路を開放する第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに前記流路を遮断する第2状態となる弁体である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の構造体。 - 前記弁体は、内部が大気圧よりも低圧とされた中空チューブによって構成されており、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに冷媒蒸気圧が上昇することで前記中空チューブが収縮して流路を開放する第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに冷媒蒸気圧が低下することで前記中空チューブが膨張して流路を遮断する第2状態となる
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の構造体。 - 前記弁体は、
膜状部材と、前記膜状部材を動作させるためのスプリングとを備え、
前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに前記スプリングが収縮状態となって前記膜状部材を取付側に引込状態とすることで、流路が開放された第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに前記スプリングが伸長状態となって前記膜状部材を取付反対側に突出状態とすることで、流路が遮断された第2状態となる
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の構造体。 - 前記弁体は、膜状部材であって、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに取付側に引込状態となって流路を開放する第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに取付反対側に突出状態となって流路を遮断する第2状態となる
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の構造体。 - 前記感温手段は、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上で溶解した第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満で固化した第2状態となる潜熱蓄熱材を冷媒として備えると共に、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに前記貯留部と前記他方の板材側とを接続する流路を開放する第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに前記流路を遮断する第2状態となる弁体を備え、
前記弁体は、内部が大気圧よりも低圧とされた中空チューブによって構成されており、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに冷媒蒸気圧が上昇することで前記中空チューブが収縮して流路を開放する第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに冷媒蒸気圧が低下することで前記中空チューブが膨張して流路を遮断する第2状態となる
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の構造体。 - 前記貯留部と前記他方の板材側とを遮断するように前記流路を設けられると共に貫通孔が形成されたプレート部材をさらに備え、
前記弁体は、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに前記貫通孔を開放する第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに前記貫通孔を閉じる第2状態となるバイメタルである
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の構造体。 - 前記貯留部と前記他方の板材側とを接続する流路の縮径部に対して上部側に設けられたボールを有し、
前記感温手段は、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記所定温度以上であるときに針金状部材によって前記縮径部の下方から前記ボールを突き上げて前記縮径部から前記ボールを離間させることで前記流路を開放する第1状態となり、前記一方の板材側の温度が前記特定温度未満であるときに前記針金状部材が前記ボールを突き上げることなく前記ボールによって前記縮径部を塞ぐことで前記流路を遮断する第2状態となる
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の構造体。
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