JP6765663B2 - リチウム金属電池 - Google Patents
リチウム金属電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6765663B2 JP6765663B2 JP2016097062A JP2016097062A JP6765663B2 JP 6765663 B2 JP6765663 B2 JP 6765663B2 JP 2016097062 A JP2016097062 A JP 2016097062A JP 2016097062 A JP2016097062 A JP 2016097062A JP 6765663 B2 JP6765663 B2 JP 6765663B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lithium metal
- metal battery
- lithium
- protective film
- polyvinyl alcohol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 257
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 160
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 160
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 151
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- -1 BaTiO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 70
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical group O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=[NH+]1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]butanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(F)(F)F VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyldioxolane Chemical compound CC1COOC1 LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)F HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UUAMLBIYJDPGFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound COCCCOC UUAMLBIYJDPGFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013398 LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002776 polycyclohexyl methacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CC MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(C)(=O)=O YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010000020 Platelet Factor 3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000113 methacrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002454 poly(glycidyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000120 polyethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002720 polyhexylacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000129 polyhexylmethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 187
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 41
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 16
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 16
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000000923 (C1-C30) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether Natural products COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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Images
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Description
i)アンモニウム系、ピロリジニウム系、ピリジニウム系、ピリミジニウム系、イミダゾリウム系、ピペリジニウム系、ピラゾリウム系、オキサゾリウム系、ピリダジニウム系、ホスホニウム系、スルホニウム系、トリアゾリウム系及びその混合物のうちから選択された1以上の陽イオンと、
ii)BF4 −、PF6 −、AsF6 −、SbF6 −、AlCl4 −、HSO4 −、ClO4 −、CH3SO3 −、CF3CO2 −、Cl−、Br−、I−、SO4 2−、CF3SO3 −、(FSO2)2N−、(C2F5SO2)2N−、(C2F5SO2)(CF3SO2)N−及び(CF3SO2)2N−のうちから選択された少なくとも一つから選択された1種以上の陰イオンを含む化合物のうちから選択された1以上であってよい。
i)アンモニウム系、ピロリジニウム系、ピリジニウム系、ピリミジニウム系、イミダゾリウム系、ピペリジニウム系、ピラゾリウム系、オキサゾリウム系、ピリダジニウム系、ホスホニウム系、スルホニウム系、トリアゾリウム系及びその混合物のうちから選択された1以上の陽イオンと、
ii)BF4 −、PF6 −、AsF6 −、SbF6 −、AlCl4 −、HSO4 −、ClO4 −、CH3SO3 −、CF3CO2 −、(CF3SO2)2N−、(FSO2)2N−、Cl−、Br−、I−、SO4 2−、CF3SO3 −、(C2F5SO2)2N−、(C2F5SO2)(CF3SO2)N−、NO3 −、Al2Cl7 −、(CF3SO2)3C−、(CF3)2PF4−、(CF3)3PF3 −、(CF3)4PF2 −、(CF3)5PF−、(CF3)6P−、SF5CF2SO3 −、SF5CHFCF2SO3 −、CF3CF2(CF3)2CO−、(CF3SO2)2CH−、(SF5)3C−、(O(CF3)2C2(CF3)2O)2PO−のうちから選択された1以上の陰イオンと、を含む反復単位を含むことができる。
SikO1.5k(R1)a(R2)b(R3)c
nは、500ないし2,800である。
nは、500ないし2,800である。
LiaNibCocMndO2
化学式12で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0≦d≦0.5である。
[化学式13]
Li2MnO3
[化学式14]
LiMO2
ポリビニルアルコール(重量平均分子量(Daltons):約93.5×103)(鹸化度:約99モル%)をジメチルスルホキシドに溶解させ、それを約90℃で2時間撹拌し、5重量%のポリビニルアルコール溶液を得た。
保護膜形成用組成物を約10倍希釈し、保護膜の厚みが約1μmに変化したことを除いては、実施例1と同一に負極を製造した。
5重量%ポリビニルアルコール溶液の代わりに、5重量%のポリビニルアルコールブレンド溶液を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同一に実施して負極を製造した。
ポリビニルアルコールの重量平均分子量(Daltons)が約40×103(鹸化度:約99モル%)であることを除いては、実施例1と同一に負極を製造した。
ポリビニルアルコールの重量平均分子量(Daltons)が130×103(鹸化度:約99モル%)であることを除いては、実施例1と同一に負極を製造した。
LiCoO2、導電剤(Super−P;Timcal Ltd.)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)及びN−メチルピロリドンを混合して正極組成物を得た。該正極組成物において、LiCoO2、導電剤及びPVdFの混合重量比は、97:1.5:1.5であった。
実施例1によって得た負極の代わりに、実施例2によって得た負極を使用したことを除いては、実施例6と同一方法によって、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
実施例1によって得た負極の代わりに、実施例3によって得た負極を使用し、液体電解質として、6:4体積比のジエチルカーボネート(DEC)及びフルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)の混合溶媒に、1.3M LiPF6が溶解された電解液の代わりに、2:8体積比の1,2−ジメトキシエタン(DME)及びテトラフルオロエチルテトラフルオロプロピルエーテル(TTE)の混合溶媒に、1.0M LiFSIが溶解された電解液を使用したことを除いては、実施例6と同一方法によって、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
実施例1によって得た負極の代わりに、実施例4によって得た負極を使用したことを除いては、実施例6と同一方法によって、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
実施例1によって得た負極の代わりに、実施例5によって得た負極を使用したことを除いては、実施例6と同一方法によって、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
ポリビニルアルコール(重量平均分子量(Daltons):89×103ないし98×103)(鹸化度:約99モル%)をジメチルスルホキシドに溶解させ、それを約90℃で2時間撹拌し、5重量%のポリビニルアルコール溶液を得た。
ポリビニルアルコール膜形成用組成物において、ポリビニルアルコールと、リチウム塩との混合重量比は、3:2であり、ポリビニルアルコールのヒドロキシ基と、リチウム塩のリチウムとの混合モル比が約6:1であるということを除いては、実施例11と同一に実施し、リチウム塩を含んだポリビニルアルコール膜を製造した。
ポリビニルアルコール膜形成用組成物において、ポリビニルアルコールと、リチウム塩との混合重量比は、1:1であり、ポリビニルアルコールのヒドロキシ基と、リチウム塩のリチウムとの混合モル比が約4:1であるということを除いては、実施例11と同一に実施し、リチウム塩を含んだポリビニルアルコール膜を製造した。
ポリビニルアルコール膜形成用組成物において、ポリビニルアルコールと、リチウム塩との混合重量比は、3:4であり、ポリビニルアルコールのヒドロキシ基と、リチウム塩のリチウムとの混合モル比が約3:1であるということを除いては、実施例11と同一に実施し、リチウム塩を含んだポリビニルアルコール阻む製造した。
ポリビニルアルコール膜形成用組成物において、ポリビニルアルコールと、リチウム塩との混合重量比は、3:5であり、ポリビニルアルコールのヒドロキシ基と、リチウム塩のリチウムとの混合モル比が約2.6:1であるということを除いては、実施例11と同一に実施してリチウム塩を含んだポリビニルアルコール膜を製造した。
液体電解質としては、6:4体積比のジエチルカーボネート(DEC)及びフルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)の混合溶媒に、1.3M LiPF6が溶解された電解液の代わりに、2:8重量比の1,2−ジメトキシエタン(DME)及び1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエチル2,2,3,3−テトラフルオロプロピルエーテルの混合溶媒に、1.0M LiFSIが溶解された電解液を使用したことを除いては、実施例6と同一方法によって、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
ポリビニルアルコール(重量平均分子量(Daltons):93.5×103)(鹸化度:約99モル%)の代わりに、ポリビニルアルコール(重量平均分子量(Daltons):93.5×103)(鹸化度:約88モル%)を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同一方法によって実施し、ポリビニルアルコールを含んだ保護膜が形成された負極を製造した。
実施例1によって得た負極の代わりに、実施例17の負極を使用したことを除いては、実施例6と同一方法によって実施し、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
5重量%ポリビニルアルコール溶液の代わりに、5重量%のポリビニルアルコールブレンド溶液を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同一に実施して負極を製造した。
実施例1によって得た負極の代わりに、実施例19の負極を使用したことを除いては、実施例6と同一方法によって実施し、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
5重量%のポリビニルアルコールブレンド溶液の製造時、ポリアクリロニトリルの代わりに、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリシクロヘキシルメタクリレート及びポリグルリシジルメタクリレートをそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、実施例3と同一方法によって実施して負極を製造した。
実施例1によって得た負極の代わりに、実施例21−23の負極を使用したことを除いては、実施例6と同一方法によって実施し、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
5重量%のポリビニルアルコールブレンド溶液の製造時、ポリアクリロニトリルの代わりに、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリシクロヘキシルメタクリレート及びポリグルリシジルメタクリレートをそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、実施例19と同一方法によって実施し、負極を製造した。
実施例1によって得た負極の代わりに、実施例27−30の負極を使用したことを除いては、実施例6と同一方法によって実施し、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
ポリビニルアルコール(重量平均分子量(Daltons):93.5×103)(鹸化度:約99モル%)の代わりに、ポリビニルアルコール(重量平均分子量(Daltons):93.5×103)(鹸化度:約85モル%)を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同一方法によって実施し、ポリビニルアルコールを含んだ保護膜が形成された負極を製造した。
実施例1によって得た負極の代わりに、実施例34の負極を使用したことを除いては、実施例6と同一方法によって実施し、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
約20μm厚を有するリチウム金属薄膜をそのまま使用した。
ポリビニルアルコール(重量平均分子量(Daltons):93.5×103)(鹸化度:約99モル%)をジメチルスルホキシドに溶解させ、それを約90℃で2時間撹拌し、5重量%のポリビニルアルコール溶液を得た。
実施例1によって得た負極の代わりに、比較例1によって得たリチウム金属薄膜を使用したことを除いては、実施例6と同一方法によって実施し、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
実施例11及び12、実施例14によって製造されたポリビニルアルコール膜、及び比較例2によって製造されたポリビニルアルコール膜に対して、Cu K−アルファ特性X線波長1.541Åを利用したXRD分析を実施した。XRD分析機としては、Cu Kα radiation(1.540598Å)を利用したRigaku RINT2200HF+ 回折計(diffractometer)を利用して実施した。
実施例11、実施例12及び実施例14によって製造されたポリビニルアルコール膜に対して、示差走査熱量計分析を実施した。示差走査熱量計分析時、分析機としては、TA Q2000(TA Instruments社)を利用した。
実施例1及び比較例1
実施例1によって製造された負極、及び比較例1によって製造されたリチウム負極と電解質とを組み合わせ、Li/Li対称セル(symmetric cell)A及びBをそれぞれ製造した。前記電解質としては、6:4体積比のジエチルカーボネート及びフルオロエチレンカーボネートの混合溶媒(6:4体積比)に、1.3M LiPF6が溶解された電解液を使用した。
実施例6、実施例18及び比較例3によって製作されたリチウム金属電池(コインセル)において、充放電特性を充放電機(製造社:TOYO、モデル:TOYO−3100)で評価し、図7及び下記表3に示した。
下記数式1によって測定した。
[数1]
初期充放電効率[%]=[最初サイクルの放電容量/最初サイクルの充電容量]×100
最初のサイクルで充電する容量と放電する容量とを測定した。
充放電特性評価結果は、図7及び下記表3に示した。
1)実施例6,7,18及び比較例3
実施例6、実施例7、実施例18によって製造されたリチウム金属電池、及び比較例3によって製造されたリチウム金属電池に対して、常温(25℃)で、リチウム金属対比で3.0〜4.4Vの電圧範囲で、0.5Cの定電流で充電を実施した後、4.4Vのカットオフ電圧(cut-off voltage)に逹した後から、カットオフ電流(cut-off current)が0.1Cになるまで充電し、放電は、0.5C定電流で、3.0Vのカットオフ電圧まで行った。
容量維持率(%)=(60回目サイクル放電容量/最初サイクル放電容量)×100
実施例8及び16によって製造されたリチウム金属電池は、実施例6,7,18、及び比較例3によって製造されたリチウム金属電池と同一方法によって、充放電過程を100回反復して実施し、放電容量変化を調査し、それぞれ図13A及び図13Bに示した。
実施例9及び実施例10によって製造されたリチウム金属電池は、実施例6,7,18、及び比較例3によって製造されたリチウム金属電池と同一方法によって、充放電過程を60回反復して実施し、放電容量変化を調査し、それぞれ図14及び図15に示した。
実施例20,24−26、及び31−33によって製造されたリチウム金属電池に対して、実施例8及び16のリチウム金属電池と同一方法によって、容量維持率を測定した。
実施例18及び35によって製造されたリチウム金属電池に対して、実施例6のリチウム金属電池と同一方法によって、容量維持率を測定した。
実施例6及び比較例3によってそれぞれ製造されたリチウム金属電池に対して2、5℃で0.1C rateの電流で、電圧が4.4Vに至るまで定電流充電し、次に、定電圧モードで、4.4Vを維持しながら、0.05C rateの電流でカットオフした。次に、放電時に、電圧が3.0Vに至るまで、0.1C rateの定電流で放電した。このような充放電過程を2回さらに実施し、化成過程を完了した。
律速性能(rate capability)(%)=(セルを1Cまたは2Cで放電させるときの放電容量)/(セルを0.2Cの速度で放電させるときの放電容量)×100%
実施例11ないし15によって製造されたポリビニルアルコール膜のイオン伝導度を、下記方法によって測定した。実施例11ないし15によって製造された保護膜を、25℃で、1Hzないし1MHz周波数範囲で、10mVの電圧バイアスを与えて温度をスキャンし、抵抗を測定することにより、イオン伝導度を評価し、図11に示した。
実施例11及び12によって製造されたポリビニルアルコール膜と、比較例2によって製造されたポリビニルアルコール膜とに対して、引っ張り弾性率を、DMA800(TA Instruments社)を利用して測定し、前記ポリビニルアルコール膜試片は、ASTM standard D412(Type V specimens)を介して準備した。引っ張り弾性係数は、ヤング率(Young’s modulus)とも称する。
実施例1,17及び34によって製造された保護膜形成用組成物を、約6倍希釈した後、それをステンレス鋼(SUS304)表面上に、ドクターブレードを利用してキャスティングした後、それを40℃でコンベクションオーブンで約48時間乾燥した。次に、前記結果物を40℃の真空オーブンで約24時間乾燥させ、ステンレス鋼上に、ポリビニルアルコールを含んだ保護膜が形成された構造体を製造した。このとき、保護膜の厚みは、約5μmであった。
実施例1によって製造された保護膜形成用組成物を約6倍希釈した後、それをステンレス鋼(SUS304)表面上に、ドクターブレードを利用してキャスティングした後、それを40℃でコンベクションオーブンで約48時間乾燥した。次に、前記結果物を、40℃の真空オーブンで約24時間乾燥させ、ステンレス鋼上にポリビニルアルコールを含んだ保護膜が形成された構造体を製造した。このとき、保護膜の厚みは、約5μmであった。
12 負極
13 保護膜
14 電解質
14a 液体電解質
14b セパレータ
Claims (29)
- 正極、リチウム負極と、及びそれらの間に介在された液体電解質と、を含み、
前記リチウム負極の少なくとも一部分に配置された、ポリビニルアルコール及びポリビニルアルコールブレンドのうちから選択された1以上の第1高分子を含む保護膜を含み、
前記保護膜は、リチウム塩をさらに含み、
前記保護膜の引っ張り弾性率は、25℃で10.0MPa以上であるリチウム金属電池。 - 前記保護膜の延伸率は、25℃で50%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記保護膜の剥離強度が、25℃で5.0MPa以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記保護膜のイオン伝導度が、25℃で1x10−5S/cm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記第1高分子の重量平均分子量が、3万以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記第1高分子の鹸化度が85モル%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記第1高分子のガラス転移温度は、40ないし80℃であることを特徴とする請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコールブレンドが、ポリビニルアルコールと、第2高分子と、を含み、前記第2高分子は、アクリル系樹脂、メタクリル系樹脂及びポリアクリロニトリルのうちから選択された1以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記第2高分子が、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリメチルアクリレート、ポリエチルメタクリレート、ポリエチルアクリレート、ポリプロピルメタクリレート、ポリプロピルアクリレート、ポリブチルアクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリペンチルメタクリレート、ポリペンチルアクリレート、ポリシクロヘキシルメタクリレート、ポリシクロヘキシルアクリレート、ポリヘキシルメタクリレート、ポリヘキシルアクリレート、ポリグルリシジルアクリレート、ポリグルリシジルメタクリレート及びポリアクリロニトリルのうちから選択された1以上であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記第2高分子の含量が、第1高分子100重量部を基準にして、10ないし50重量部であることを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記リチウム塩の含量は、第1高分子100重量部を基準にして、30ないし200重量部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記リチウム塩が、LiSCN、LiN(CN)2、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(CF3SO2)3C、LiN(SO2F)2、LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2、LiSbF6、LiPF3(C2F5)3、LiPF3(CF3)3、LiB(C2O4)2LiCl、LiI、及びそれらの混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記保護膜は、非晶質構造を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記保護膜に対するX線回折分析において、2θが約12.5ないし27.5゜である主ピークの半値幅が、3ないし7゜であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記保護膜の延伸率は、25℃で100%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から14の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記保護膜の延伸率は、25℃で200%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から15の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記保護膜が、無機粒子、イオン性液体、高分子イオン性液体及びオリゴマーのうちから選択された1以上をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1から16の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記無機粒子が、SiO2、TiO2、ZnO、Al2O3、BaTiO3、グラフェンオキシド、グラファイトオキシド、カーボンナノチューブ、Fe2O3、CuO、ケージ構造のシルセスキオキサン及び金属−有機骨格構造体(MOF)から選択された1種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記イオン性液体が、
i)アンモニウム系、ピロリジニウム系、ピリジニウム系、ピリミジニウム系、イミダゾリウム系、ピペリジニウム系、ピラゾリウム系、オキサゾリウム系、ピリダジニウム系、ホスホニウム系、スルホニウム系、トリアゾリウム系及びその混合物のうちから選択された1以上の陽イオンと、
ii)BF4 −、PF6 −、AsF6 −、SbF6 −、AlCl4 −、HSO4 −、ClO4 −、CH3SO3 −、CF3CO2 −、Cl−、Br−、I−、SO4 2−、CF3SO3 −、(FSO2)2N−、(C2F5SO2)2N−、(C2F5SO2)(CF3SO2)N−及び(CF3SO2)2N−のうちから選択された少なくとも一つから選択された1種以上の陰イオンを含む化合物のうちから選択された1以上であることを特徴とする請求項17に記載のリチウム金属電池。 - 前記オリゴマーが、ポリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジエチルエーテルからなる群から選択された1以上であることを特徴とする請求項17に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記高分子イオン性液体は、
i)アンモニウム系、ピロリジニウム系、ピリジニウム系、ピリミジニウム系、イミダゾリウム系、ピペリジニウム系、ピラゾリウム系、オキサゾリウム系、ピリダジニウム系、ホスホニウム系、スルホニウム系、トリアゾリウム系及びその混合物のうちから選択された1以上の陽イオンと、
ii)BF4 −、PF6 −、AsF6 −、SbF6 −、AlCl4 −、HSO4 −、ClO4 −、CH3SO3 −、CF3CO2 −、(CF3SO2)2N−、(FSO2)2N−、Cl−、Br−、I−、SO4 2−、CF3SO3 −、(C2F5SO2)2N−、(C2F5SO2)(CF3SO2)N−、NO3 −、Al2Cl7 −、(CF3SO2)3C−、(CF3)2PF4−、(CF3)3PF3 −、(CF3)4PF2 −、(CF3)5PF−、(CF3)6P−、SF5CF2SO3 −、SF5CHFCF2SO3 −、CF3CF2(CF3)2CO−、(CF3SO2)2CH−、(SF5)3C−、(O(CF3)2C2(CF3)2O)2PO−のうちから選択された1以上の陰イオンと、を含む反復単位を含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のリチウム金属電池。 - 前記保護膜の厚みが、1ないし20μmであることを特徴とする請求項1から21の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記リチウム金属電池の作動電位が4.0V以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から22の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記リチウム金属電池が、固体電解質、ゲル電解質及び高分子イオン性液体のうちから選択された1以上の電解質をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1から23の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記液体電解質が、有機溶媒、イオン性液体及びリチウム塩のうちから選択された1以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から24の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記リチウム金属電池が、セパレータを含むことを特徴とする請求項1から25の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記液体電解質が、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、ガンマブチロラクトン、ジメトキシエタン、ジエトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリメチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、スクシノニトリル、スルホラン、ジメチルスルホン、エチルメチルスルホン、ジエチルスルホン、アジポ二トリル、テトラヒドロフラン、N−メチルピロリドン、アセトニトリル、ベンゾニトリル、アセトニトリル、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、γ−ブチロラクトン、ジオキソラン、4−メチルジオキソラン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジオキサン、1,2−ジメトキシエタン、ジクロロエタン、クロロベンゼン、ニトロベンゼン、ジエチレングリコール、ジメチルエーテル及び1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエチル2,2,3,3−テトラフルオロプロピルエーテルのうちから選択された1以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から26の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記液体電解質が、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、ガンマブチロラクトン、ジメトキシエタン、ジエポキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリメチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジメチルエーテル、1,2−ジメトキシエタン、及び1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエチル2,2,3,3−テトラフルオロプロピルエーテルのうちから選択された1以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から26の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
- 前記リチウム金属電池が、i)リチウム負極、ii)ポリビニルアルコール及びポリビニルアルコールブレンドのうちから選択された1以上の第1高分子を含む保護膜、iii)セパレータ及び液体電解質、並びにiv)正極が順次に積層された構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1から28の何れか1項に記載のリチウム金属電池。
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