JP6733652B2 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6733652B2 JP6733652B2 JP2017251337A JP2017251337A JP6733652B2 JP 6733652 B2 JP6733652 B2 JP 6733652B2 JP 2017251337 A JP2017251337 A JP 2017251337A JP 2017251337 A JP2017251337 A JP 2017251337A JP 6733652 B2 JP6733652 B2 JP 6733652B2
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- Prior art keywords
- nox
- nitrate
- storage amount
- ratio
- rich spike
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 177
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 136
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 136
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 131
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 30
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 28
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
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- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
- F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Description
通路に設けられた吸蔵還元型NOx触媒と、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒に流入する排気の空燃比を、理論空燃比よりも高いリーン空燃比から、一時的に理論空燃比よりも低いリッチ空燃比にするリッチスパイクを実施する空燃比制御部と、を備える。
効率を下回る前に、前記リッチスパイクを実施してもよい。
<内燃機関の吸排気系の構成>
図1は、本実施形態に係る内燃機関の吸排気系の概略構成を示す図である。図1に示す内燃機関1は、圧縮着火式の内燃機関(ディーゼルエンジン)である。ただし、本発明は
、ガソリン等を燃料とする火花点火式のリーンバーン内燃機関にも適用することができる。
によって、リッチスパイク処理を実行する。ただし、本実施形態では、これに限定する意図はなく、ECU10は、周知の技術を用いてリッチスパイク処理を実行することができる。例えば、ECU10は、内燃機関1の燃料噴射弁(図示略)を用いて気筒内にリッチ混合気を形成し、該リッチ混合気を気筒内で燃焼させることによって、リッチスパイク処理を実行してもよい。なお、ECU10がリッチスパイク処理を実行することで、本発明に係る空燃比制御部として機能する。
リッチスパイク処理が実行されると、NSR触媒6にHCやCO等の還元剤が供給される。そして、この還元剤によって、NSR触媒6に吸蔵されたNOx(以下、「吸蔵NOx」と称する場合もある。)が還元される。例えば、燃料添加弁7から燃料が添加されることによってリッチスパイク処理が実行される場合、吸蔵NOxは主にHCによって還元される。また、例えば、気筒内でリッチ混合気が燃焼されることによってリッチスパイク処理が実行される場合、吸蔵NOxは主にCOやHCによって還元される。
時および還元時の触媒温度によってNOx還元効率が変化する事態は、NSR触媒6におけるNOxの吸蔵形態に起因して生じることを見出した。これについて、以下に説明する。
以上に説明したように、NSR触媒6におけるNOxの吸蔵形態に起因してNOx還元効率が変化し得る。ここで、NSR触媒6に吸蔵された硝酸塩の量を「硝酸塩吸蔵量」とする。そして、NOx吸蔵量に対する硝酸塩吸蔵量の割合を硝酸塩比率とする。そうすると、硝酸塩比率が高いほど、NOx還元効率が低下する傾向にある。したがって、NOx吸蔵量が同一であっても、硝酸塩比率が高い状態でリッチスパイク処理が実行された場合、硝酸塩比率が低い状態でリッチスパイク処理が実行された場合に比べてNOx還元効率が低下し易くなる。そのため、吸蔵NOxを十分に還元することができない虞がある。
NO3reac:硝酸塩の生成速度
Tc:触媒温度
NO2sum:亜硝酸塩吸蔵量
O2con:酸素濃度
R:気体定数
A,Ea,a,b:実験定数
そして、硝酸塩の生成速度NO3reacに演算周期Δtが乗算されることによって、現在生成量NO3nowが算出される。
NO2sum=(NOxold−NO3old)+NOxch ・・・式2
NO2sum:亜硝酸塩吸蔵量
NOxold:前回NOx吸蔵量
NO3old:前回硝酸塩吸蔵量
NOxch:変化量
つまり、NSR触媒6に流入したNOxは、一旦亜硝酸塩となって該NSR触媒6に吸蔵され得るため、前回本フローが実行されてから現在までのNSR触媒6におけるNOxの変化は、全て亜硝酸塩の変化とみなす。そして、その変化量NOxchに、NSR触媒
6に吸蔵された亜硝酸塩の前回量(NOxold−NO3old)を加算することによって、亜硝酸塩吸蔵量NO2sumを算出する。
の値に更新される。そして、S113の処理の後、本フローの実行が終了される。
次に、本発明の第二の実施形態について、図9から図11に基づいて説明する。なお、本実施形態において、上述した第一の実施形態と実質的に同一の構成、実質的に同一の制御処理については、その詳細な説明を省略する。
2・・・吸気通路
3・・・排気通路
4・・・エアフローメータ
5・・・スロットル弁
6・・・NSR触媒(吸蔵還元型NOx触媒)
7・・・燃料添加弁
10・・ECU
11・・クランク角センサ
12・・アクセル開度センサ
13・・上流側NOxセンサ
14・・空燃比センサ
15・・下流側NOxセンサ
16・・温度センサ
Claims (4)
- 希薄燃焼運転を行う内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記内燃機関の排気通路に設けられた吸蔵還元型NOx触媒と、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒に流入する排気の空燃比を、理論空燃比よりも高いリーン空燃比から、一時的に理論空燃比よりも低いリッチ空燃比にするリッチスパイクを実施する空燃比制御部と、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒に吸蔵されたNOxの量であるNOx吸蔵量を算出するNOx吸蔵量算出部と、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒に吸蔵された硝酸塩の量である硝酸塩吸蔵量を算出する硝酸塩吸蔵量算出部と、
前記NOx吸蔵量算出部によって算出された前記NOx吸蔵量と、前記硝酸塩吸蔵量算出部によって算出された前記硝酸塩吸蔵量と、に基づいて、該NOx吸蔵量に対する該硝酸塩吸蔵量の割合である硝酸塩比率を算出する硝酸塩比率算出部と、を備え、
前記空燃比制御部は、前記硝酸塩比率算出部によって算出された前記硝酸塩比率に基づいて、前記リッチスパイクを実施するタイミングを制御する、
内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記硝酸塩吸蔵量算出部は、前記NOx吸蔵量算出部によって算出された前記NOx吸蔵量と、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒の温度と、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒に流入する排気の酸素濃度と、に基づいて前記硝酸塩吸蔵量を算出する、
請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記空燃比制御部は、
前記NOx吸蔵量算出部によって算出された前記NOx吸蔵量が所定の基準量に達すると前記リッチスパイクを実施し、
更に、前記硝酸塩比率算出部によって算出された前記硝酸塩比率が高い場合は低い場合よりも前記所定の基準量が少なくなるように、該所定の基準量を変更して前記リッチスパイクを実施する、
請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記リッチスパイクの実施前の前記NOx吸蔵量に対する該リッチスパイクの実施により還元されたNOx量の割合であるNOx還元効率を、前記リッチスパイクの実施によらず算出するNOx還元効率算出部であって、前記硝酸塩比率算出部によって算出された前記硝酸塩比率と、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒の温度と、前記NOx吸蔵量算出部によって算出された前記NOx吸蔵量と、に基づいて、前記NOx還元効率を算出するNOx還元効率算出部を、更に備え、
前記NOx還元効率算出部は、前記硝酸塩比率算出部によって算出された前記硝酸塩比率が高くなるほど前記NOx還元効率が低くなるように、且つ、前記NOx吸蔵量算出部によって算出された前記NOx吸蔵量が多くなるほど前記NOx還元効率が低くなるように、且つ、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒の温度が所定温度範囲に属している場合は、該温度が該範囲に属していない場合よりも前記NOx還元効率が高くなるように、前記NOx還元効率を算出し、
前記空燃比制御部は、前記NOx還元効率算出部によって算出された前記NOx還元効率が所定の基準効率を下回る前に、前記リッチスパイクを実施する、
請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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