JP6678361B2 - Jig and method for measuring flange distortion using portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device - Google Patents
Jig and method for measuring flange distortion using portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置を利用してフランジ歪測定を行う際に、測定精度を高めるためのターゲットシールを設置するための治具と、治具を用いた測定方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a jig for installing a target seal for improving measurement accuracy when performing flange distortion measurement using a portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device, and a measurement method using the jig. .
熱交換器のフランジ面は、使用中の温度変化等による各種の応力により歪が発生する。そのため、定期点検時に分解清掃や点検後に再度組み立てる。その時点で気密試験を実施して漏えいが無い状態にしても、スタートアップの温度上昇に伴い、再度漏えいが発見されることも多く認められる。そのような場合、ボルトの増し締めを行うがフランジ面の歪が基準を超えている場合は、ボルトに過大な張力をかけ危険な状態となる場合がある。そのため、日本石油学会では、歪を周方向のうねりとして次のような補修判断基準を示している。
熱交換器径<375mmの場合うねりの許容値0.08mm
熱交換器径375から750mmの場合のうねりの許容値0.15mm
熱交換器径751から1125mmの場合のうねりの許容値0.20mm
熱交換器径>1125mmの場合のうねりの許容値0.20mm
更に、フランジ面の傾きの許容値については0.8mmとしている。
The flange surface of the heat exchanger is distorted by various stresses due to a temperature change during use. Therefore, reassemble and clean after periodic inspection and reassemble after inspection. Even if an airtight test is performed at that time and there is no leakage, it is often recognized that the leakage is found again as the temperature of the startup increases. In such a case, the bolts are retightened, but if the distortion of the flange surface exceeds the standard, excessive tension may be applied to the bolts, which may cause a dangerous state. For this reason, the Japan Petroleum Institute has indicated the following repair criterion using distortion as circumferential waviness.
When the diameter of the heat exchanger is <375 mm, the allowable value of undulation is 0.08 mm
Allowable waviness value of 0.15mm for heat exchanger diameters of 375 to 750mm
Allowable waviness 0.20mm for heat exchanger diameters 751 to 1125mm
0.20mm waviness tolerance for heat exchanger diameters> 1125mm
Further, the allowable value of the inclination of the flange surface is set to 0.8 mm.
従来、歪の測定としてダイヤルゲージやレーザー距離計を回転させて測定していた。 Conventionally, distortion was measured by rotating a dial gauge or a laser distance meter.
特許文献1には、円形フランジの前方に一定角度で旋回しながらレーザー光を用いて測定する装置が記載されている。しかしながら、この装置で測定するには、旋回する装置が少しでも機械的な振動で揺れてしまうと誤差が大きくなってしまうため、強度を確保するため旋回装置が大がかりになり、大きなスペースを必要とする。また、測定対象のフランジが振動で揺れてしまっても誤差が大きくなってしまうため、設置現場から熱交換器を取り外し、検査場などに移動して測定することが一般的となってしまっている。測定で得られるデータも、周の線上のデータのみであり、うねりのデータは得られるが、フランジ面の傾きのデータは得られない。測定対象も円形フランジしか測定できない。 Patent Literature 1 discloses an apparatus for measuring using a laser beam while turning at a certain angle in front of a circular flange. However, when measuring with this device, the error increases if the swinging device is slightly shaken by mechanical vibration, so the rotating device becomes large-scale to secure the strength, and a large space is required. I do. Also, even if the flange to be measured shakes due to vibration, the error increases, so it is common to remove the heat exchanger from the installation site and move it to an inspection site for measurement. . The data obtained by the measurement is also only the data on the circumferential line, and the data of the undulation can be obtained, but the data of the inclination of the flange surface cannot be obtained. The measurement target can measure only a circular flange.
特許文献2には、支持アームを用いて回転しながらダイヤルゲージにより測定する方法が記載されている。しかしながら、特許文献1と同様にうねりのデータは得られるが、フランジ面の傾きのデータは得られない。測定対象も円形フランジしか測定できない。設置現場の振動により誤差が大きくなってしまう等の欠点がある。 Patent Literature 2 describes a method of measuring with a dial gauge while rotating using a support arm. However, the data of the undulation can be obtained as in Patent Document 1, but the data of the inclination of the flange surface cannot be obtained. The measurement target can measure only a circular flange. There are drawbacks such as an increase in error due to vibration at the installation site.
特許文献3には、架台と円盤に測定ヘッドを備えた装置が記載されている。しかしながら、特許文献1や特許文献2と同様な欠点があり、設置スペースの問題から現場での測定は困難である。 Patent Literature 3 describes an apparatus including a gantry and a disk with a measuring head. However, it has the same drawbacks as in Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2, and it is difficult to perform on-site measurement due to the problem of installation space.
熱交換器のフランジ面の歪測定において、測定に必要なスペースが少なく、振動が発生している現場においても測定精度が落ちることなく、うねりのデータだけでなくフランジ面の傾きのデータも測定できる測定方法を提供することを目的とする。 When measuring the strain on the flange surface of the heat exchanger, the space required for measurement is small, and even at the site where vibration occurs, the measurement accuracy does not decrease, and not only the undulation data but also the flange surface inclination data can be measured. It is intended to provide a measuring method.
本発明は、携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置を利用してフランジ歪測定を行う際に、携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置の特性上測定精度を高めるため、ターゲットシールを必要な場所に設置するための治具を用いてフランジ歪測定を行うことを特徴とする。 The present invention provides a portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device, when performing flange distortion measurement, in order to increase the measurement accuracy due to the characteristics of the portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device, a target seal in a required place It is characterized in that flange distortion is measured using a jig for installation.
フランジ歪測定に用いる携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置は、Creaform社製のHandyScan700というハンディレーザースキャナーを用いた。この装置の容積精度は0.020mm+0.06mm/mとなっており、基準点からの距離が離れると誤差が増加する特徴がある。たとえば、直径1000mmのフランジを円周に沿って測定をするとフランジの円周が約3000mmとなるため、0.020mm+0.060mm×3となるので、0.2mmの誤差となってしまう。このような誤差を生じてしまうと、前記の石油学会の示したフランジ径が1000mmの場合の補修基準0.2mmと同等になってしまい、満足する測定結果が得られない。 As a portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device used for flange strain measurement, a handy laser scanner called HandyScan700 manufactured by Creaform was used. The volume accuracy of this device is 0.020 mm + 0.06 mm / m, and the feature is that the error increases as the distance from the reference point increases. For example, when a flange with a diameter of 1000 mm is measured along the circumference, the circumference of the flange is about 3000 mm, and therefore 0.020 mm + 0.060 mm × 3, which is an error of 0.2 mm. If such an error occurs, the repair standard will be equivalent to 0.2 mm when the flange diameter is 1000 mm indicated by the Japan Petroleum Institute, and a satisfactory measurement result cannot be obtained.
そこで、フランジの中心に基準点を置き、さらに80mm以下の間隔でターゲットシールを設置することができれば、円の中心から測定することになり、直径1000mmのフランジを測定する場合に生じる測定装置の誤差は0.020mm+0.060mm×0.5となるので、0.05mmとなり円周に沿って測定する場合より誤差が抑えられ、補修基準を満足する測定結果を得られることができる。 Therefore, if the reference point can be set at the center of the flange and the target seal can be set at an interval of 80 mm or less, the measurement will be performed from the center of the circle. Is 0.020 mm + 0.060 mm × 0.5, which is 0.05 mm, which is smaller than when measuring along the circumference, and a measurement result satisfying the repair standard can be obtained.
図1を使ってターゲットシールを設置する治具について説明する。測定対象のフランジの内側は通常空洞となっているので、ターゲットシールを設置することはできない。そこであらかじめターゲットシールを設置した円盤型の板の治具を用意し、マグネットなどでフランジに固定する。 A jig for setting a target seal will be described with reference to FIG. Since the inside of the flange to be measured is usually hollow, a target seal cannot be installed. Therefore, a disk-shaped plate jig on which a target seal is installed is prepared in advance, and fixed to the flange with a magnet or the like.
測定対象のフランジ面以外の場所に全体的にターゲットシールを配置することにより測定精度を向上させることができるので、図1に示すようにフランジ面の外側にもターゲットシールを配置する。そのため、フランジ面の外側には、あらかじめターゲットシールを配置した円弧上のマグネットシールを用意し、貼り付ける。 Since the measurement accuracy can be improved by arranging the target seal entirely in a place other than the flange surface to be measured, the target seal is also arranged outside the flange surface as shown in FIG. Therefore, an arc-shaped magnet seal on which a target seal is previously arranged is prepared and attached outside the flange surface.
測定開始前に携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置をつかって、ターゲットシールの位置を記憶させる。その際フランジの中心から外側へスキャンさせ、ターゲットシールの位置を記憶させる。 Before starting the measurement, the position of the target seal is stored using a portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device. At that time, scanning is performed from the center of the flange to the outside, and the position of the target seal is stored.
その後実際の測定のため、位置を記憶させるためのスキャンと同様に、フランジの中心から外側に向かって携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置でスキャンを行い測定する。 Then, for the actual measurement, the portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device scans and measures from the center of the flange to the outside in the same manner as the scan for storing the position.
フランジ内に設置する治具は、図2に示すように外部からの機械的振動による歪を防ぐため、支えを取り付けたものがより好ましい。 As shown in FIG. 2, the jig installed in the flange is preferably provided with a support in order to prevent distortion due to external mechanical vibration.
さらに、治具が風などにより起こる振動や歪を防止するため、図3に示すように、パンチング板を使用することがより好ましい。 Furthermore, in order to prevent the jig from vibrating or distorting due to wind or the like, it is more preferable to use a punching plate as shown in FIG.
円形フランジについて治具を説明したが、同様の方法で長方形などの他の形状のフランジでも、測定精度を向上させることができる。 Although the jig has been described with respect to a circular flange, measurement accuracy can be improved with a flange of another shape such as a rectangle in the same manner.
携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置の測定原理を図4を使って説明する。
携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置は起動時に校正用試験片を用いて校正を行う。携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置は初めのスキャンで自己位置認識用LED光源2からの光を使用してターゲットシール6を認識しながら位置関係をあらかじめ記憶する。スキャン操作は対象物から約300mm離れた場所から行う。位置関係の記憶動作が終了したら、実際の測定のためのスキャンを行う。測定にはレーザー光を使用するためレーザー光照射口3からのレーザー光が測定対象物4の表面5を高精度カメラ1で測定している。携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置は測定対象から300mm程度離れた場所からスキャンを行うので、図5に示すような範囲が携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置を移動せずに測定できる範囲となる。測定時に図5に示すような測定範囲を移動させてフランジ全体を測定するが、円周状にスキャンした場合は、移動による補正誤差が積算されていくので、測定開始点を基準点とすると、基準点からの移動距離が長くなるため、誤差が積算され大きくなってしまう。このような誤差の積算を回避するため、フランジの中心に基準点を設定し、基準点から放射状に携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置を移動させるスキャンを繰り返すことで、基準点からのスキャン距離を最小化することができるので、誤差の積算を最小限にすることができる。熱交換器のフランジは一般的に中心が空洞であるためターゲットシールを設置することができない。また、携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置の移動せずにスキャン可能範囲(図5に示す範囲)にターゲットシールを複数設ける必要がある(装置の特性上80mm以下の間隔が望ましい)ので、フランジの空洞部分の全面に対して80mm以下の間隔でターゲットシールを設置する必要がある。しかも、ターゲットシールが周囲の工場などによる機械的振動や、風による振動で動いてしまうと誤差が大きくなるので、機械的振動があっても歪みにくく、風の影響を受けにくいターゲットシールを設置できる板が必要となる。よって、ターゲットシールを設置するための治具は、機械的振動による歪防止の構造を備え、風の影響を受けにくいパンチング構造を有することが好ましい。設置の簡単さからマグネットで簡単に固定できるものがさらに好ましい。
The measurement principle of the portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device will be described with reference to FIG.
The portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring apparatus performs calibration using a calibration test piece at the time of startup. The portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device stores the positional relationship in advance while recognizing the target seal 6 using the light from the self-position recognition LED light source 2 in the first scan. The scanning operation is performed from a place about 300 mm away from the object. When the operation of storing the positional relationship is completed, a scan for actual measurement is performed. Since laser light is used for the measurement, the laser light from the laser light irradiation port 3 measures the surface 5 of the measurement object 4 with the high-precision camera 1. Since the portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device scans from a place about 300 mm away from the measurement target, the range shown in FIG. 5 is the range that can be measured without moving the portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device. Become. During measurement, the entire flange is measured by moving the measurement range as shown in FIG. 5, but when scanning is performed in a circumferential shape, correction errors due to the movement are added up. Since the moving distance from the reference point becomes longer, errors are accumulated and become larger. In order to avoid the accumulation of such errors, a reference point is set at the center of the flange, and a scan in which the portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device is moved radially from the reference point is repeated. Can be minimized, so that the accumulation of errors can be minimized. Since the center of the heat exchanger flange is generally hollow, a target seal cannot be provided. In addition, since it is necessary to provide a plurality of target seals in a scanable range (range shown in FIG. 5) without moving the portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device (a distance of 80 mm or less is desirable due to the characteristics of the device), It is necessary to install target seals at intervals of 80 mm or less over the entire surface of the hollow portion. Moreover, if the target seal moves due to mechanical vibrations caused by surrounding factories or the wind, the error increases, so that even if there is mechanical vibration, the target seal is hardly distorted and the target seal which is hardly affected by wind can be installed. A board is required. Therefore, it is preferable that the jig for installing the target seal has a structure for preventing distortion due to mechanical vibration and has a punching structure that is not easily affected by wind. What can be easily fixed with a magnet from the simplicity of installation is more preferable.
携帯型非接触三次元座標測定装置を使って、900A胴板付きフランジ、1300Aカバーフランジ、2200A胴板付きフランジの3種類のフランジについて、フランジの周囲にターゲットシールを設置して円周状にスキャンしながら測定する方法と、本発明による治具を用いて放射状にスキャンしながら測定する方法を行い、測定結果を比較した。また、特許文献1に記載の山九フランジ管理システムによる測定を行い、測定結果を比較した。 Using a portable non-contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring device, target seals are installed around the flanges for three types of flanges, 900A flange with flange, 1300A cover flange, and 2200A flange with flange, and scan circumferentially. The measurement method was performed while performing the measurement while scanning radially using the jig according to the present invention, and the measurement results were compared. In addition, measurement was performed using the Sankyu flange management system described in Patent Document 1, and the measurement results were compared.
フランジの周囲のみターゲットシールを設置してフランジ面の測定開始位置を基準点とし円周状にスキャンして測定した場合と、治具を用いてフランジの中心に基準点を置き基準点から放射状にスキャンを行いながら測定した場合の測定結果を比較した。繰り返し測定を行った場合の精度は、
900Aのフランジでは、本発明で±22.0μm、円周状の測定では±30.0μm、1300Aフランジでは、本発明で±23.5μm、円周状の測定では±16.5μm、2200Aフランジでは、本発明で±21.5μm、円周状の測定では±39.0μm、となった。フランジ径が大きくなるほど円周状の測定で誤差が大きくなり、本発明の治具を用いた測定方法が優れていることが分かった。
Place a target seal only around the flange, scan the circumference with the measurement start position on the flange surface as the reference point, or place the reference point at the center of the flange using a jig and radiate from the reference point. The measurement results when the measurement was performed while scanning were compared. The accuracy of repeated measurements is
For a 900A flange, ± 22.0 μm in the present invention, ± 30.0 μm for a circumferential measurement, ± 23.5 μm for a 1300A flange, ± 16.5 μm for a circumferential measurement, ± 16.5 μm for a 2200A flange. ± 21.5 μm in the present invention, and ± 39.0 μm in the circumferential measurement. The larger the flange diameter, the larger the error in the circumferential measurement, indicating that the measurement method using the jig of the present invention is superior.
特許文献1に記載の装置による測定結果と本発明での測定結果を図6から図8に示した。どの結果もうねりの測定結果がほぼ一致しており、実用的に十分な測定精度が確保されていた。 FIGS. 6 to 8 show the measurement results obtained by the apparatus described in Patent Document 1 and the measurement results obtained by the present invention. In all results, the measurement results of the undulation were almost the same, and practically sufficient measurement accuracy was secured.
本発明による測定結果では図9に示すように欠損箇所8が適切に記録されることも分かった。 It was also found from the measurement results according to the present invention that the defective portion 8 was properly recorded as shown in FIG.
図10に本発明による測定結果を形状マッピングデータにして示した。図10からも分かるようにうねりの計測以外に傾きのデータも得ることができた。 FIG. 10 shows the measurement result according to the present invention as shape mapping data. As can be seen from FIG. 10, in addition to the measurement of the swell, the data of the inclination could be obtained.
高精度カメラ…1
自己位置認識用LED光源…2
レーザー光照射口…3
測定対象物…4
測定対象物表面でのレーザー照射発光点…5
ターゲットシール…6
フランジ面…7
フランジの欠損箇所…8
High precision camera… 1
LED light source for self-position recognition ... 2
Laser irradiation port 3
Object to be measured ... 4
Laser irradiation emission point on the surface of the object to be measured ... 5
Target seal ... 6
Flange surface ... 7
Fracture point of flange ... 8
Claims (4)
治具のターゲットシールを設置している板の面に対して裏側の面に歪防止の支えを備えていることを特徴とするフランジ歪測定用治具。 The jig for measuring flange distortion according to claim 1,
A jig for measuring flange distortion, comprising a support for preventing distortion on a surface on a back side of a plate on which a target seal of the jig is installed.
風の影響を少なくするためにパンチング板を用いることを特徴とするフランジ歪測定用治具。 The jig for measuring flange distortion according to claim 1 or 2,
A flange distortion measuring jig using a punched plate to reduce the influence of wind.
フランジの中心を基準点として、基準点から放射状にスキャンを繰返し三次元座標を測定することを特徴とするフランジ歪測定方法。 Using the jig for measuring flange distortion according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A flange distortion measuring method, wherein a three-dimensional coordinate is measured by repeating scanning radially from a reference point with the center of the flange as a reference point.
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JP3423980B2 (en) * | 1993-06-16 | 2003-07-07 | コスモエンジニアリング株式会社 | Displacement measuring device and displacement measuring method |
JP3862324B2 (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2006-12-27 | 株式会社ソキア | Center coordinate measurement target and bridge member measurement method using center coordinate measurement target |
JP3735421B2 (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 2006-01-18 | 株式会社ソキア | Center coordinate measurement target |
JP4114550B2 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2008-07-09 | 株式会社Ihi | Manufacturing method for connecting pipe of plant |
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