JP6642183B2 - Voltage sag compensator - Google Patents

Voltage sag compensator Download PDF

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JP6642183B2
JP6642183B2 JP2016063271A JP2016063271A JP6642183B2 JP 6642183 B2 JP6642183 B2 JP 6642183B2 JP 2016063271 A JP2016063271 A JP 2016063271A JP 2016063271 A JP2016063271 A JP 2016063271A JP 6642183 B2 JP6642183 B2 JP 6642183B2
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泰宏 金剌
泰宏 金剌
材津 寛
寛 材津
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Meidensha Corp
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Description

本発明は、瞬低補償装置に係わり、特に交流モータ駆動時の電源喪失時における並列型瞬低補償装置の制御に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a sag compensator, and more particularly to control of a parallel sag compensator when power is lost when an AC motor is driven.

図5は、特許文献1などにより公知なっている並列型瞬低補償装置の構成図を示したもので、瞬低補償装置は1〜4の機能を備えている。AC/DC変換機能を有するインバータ1の直流リンクには、二次電池や電気二重層キャパシタなどの蓄電装置4が接続されている。平常時には高速スイッチ3がオン(閉路)状態となっており、この高速スイッチ3を介して電力系統5と負荷6が連系し、負荷の平準化や電力のピークカットを目的とした電力の充放電制御が行われる。また、インバータ1は瞬低補償動作に備え、蓄電装置4に直流エネルギーを充電した状態でゲートを停止し待機している。   FIG. 5 shows a configuration diagram of a parallel type sag compensator known from Patent Document 1 or the like. The sag compensator has functions 1 to 4. A power storage device 4 such as a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor is connected to a DC link of the inverter 1 having an AC / DC conversion function. In normal times, the high-speed switch 3 is turned on (closed), and the power system 5 and the load 6 are interconnected via the high-speed switch 3 to charge the power for the purpose of leveling the load and cutting the power peak. Discharge control is performed. In addition, in preparation for the sag compensation operation, inverter 1 stops the gate and waits while charging power storage device 4 with DC energy.

制御装置2は、瞬低検出器により系統電圧Vsを監視して予め設定された閾値以下となったとき瞬低発生と判断し、高速スイッチ3をオフにして電力系統5から負荷6を切り離すと共に、インバータ1を自立運転制御に移行することで所定の時間内で負荷6に対し安定した電力を供給する。なお、電力系統の瞬低発生から瞬低検出までに僅かな遅延時間を発生する。   The control device 2 monitors the system voltage Vs with the sag detector, determines that an sag has occurred when the system voltage Vs becomes equal to or less than a preset threshold, disconnects the load 6 from the power system 5 by turning off the high-speed switch 3, and By shifting the inverter 1 to the independent operation control, stable power is supplied to the load 6 within a predetermined time. It should be noted that a slight delay time is generated from the instantaneous drop of the power system to the instantaneous drop detection.

特開2009−201238JP 2009-201238A

負荷6として交流モータが接続され、交流モータによりポンプやコンプレッサ等のように慣性モーメントの大きい装置を駆動する場合、瞬低が発生した際に交流モータは回生動作となって逆電力を発生する発電機となり、系統電圧の低下が瞬時に起こらない。これにより、系統電圧値の低下による瞬低検出に遅れが生じる。   When an AC motor is connected as the load 6 and a device having a large moment of inertia such as a pump or a compressor is driven by the AC motor, when an instantaneous sag occurs, the AC motor performs a regenerative operation and generates reverse power. And the grid voltage does not drop instantaneously. This causes a delay in the detection of the instantaneous sag due to a decrease in the system voltage value.

瞬低発生により交流モータへの電力供給源がなくなるためトルクが発生されず、交流モータの負荷損失によるモータ端子電圧の周波数は低下していく。周波数が低下した状態で、瞬低補償装置から50Hzまたは60Hzの周波数一定の電力が供給されると、モータ端子電圧の低下した交流モータは、瞬低補償装置からの出力周波数に追従するため急加速しようとする。これにより、交流モータの有効電力・無効電力が急変し、交流モータが脱調する虞がある。   Since the power supply source to the AC motor is lost due to the occurrence of the sag, no torque is generated, and the frequency of the motor terminal voltage decreases due to the load loss of the AC motor. If a constant frequency power of 50 Hz or 60 Hz is supplied from the sag compensator with the frequency lowered, the AC motor with the reduced motor terminal voltage will follow the output frequency from the sag compensator and suddenly accelerate. try to. As a result, the active power and the reactive power of the AC motor suddenly change, and the AC motor may lose synchronism.

本発明が目的とするところは、交流モータの端子電圧周波数と略一致した周波数で動作させる瞬低補償装置を提供することにある。   It is an object of the present invention to provide an instantaneous sag compensator operated at a frequency substantially matching the terminal voltage frequency of an AC motor.

本発明は、電力系統に高速スイッチを介して定常運転時に力行運転される交流モータを接続し、電力系統の異常を瞬低検出器で検出し、検出した異常検出による信号で高速スイッチをオフにし、蓄電装置及びインバータを介して交流モータに電力を供給する瞬低補償装置において、
前記瞬低補償装置の制御装置は、インバータの出力電圧V0と負荷電流ILから出力有効電力PLOを定周期毎に演算する電力演算部と、
電力演算部が演算した出力有効電力PLOに対応して、正の有効電力の偏差があるときには周波数を下げ、負の有効電力の偏差があるときには周波数を上げる周波数指令値を演算する出力周波数演算部とを備えたものである。
The present invention connects an AC motor, which is driven in power during normal operation, to a power system via a high-speed switch, detects an abnormality in the power system with a sag detector, and turns off the high-speed switch with a signal based on the detected abnormality. In an instantaneous sag compensator that supplies power to an AC motor via a power storage device and an inverter,
Said controller sag compensator includes a power calculator for calculating output active power P LO every fixed cycle and the output voltage V 0 which inverter from the load current I L,
Output frequency calculation that calculates the frequency command value corresponding to the output active power P LO calculated by the power calculation unit, if there is a positive active power deviation, lowers the frequency, and if there is a negative active power deviation, increases the frequency. And a part.

本発明の電力演算部での出力有効電力PLOの演算は、次式で行う。
PLO=((出力電圧RS相×負荷電流R相)−(出力電圧ST相×負荷電流T相))
×2/√3
ただし、R,S,Tは、三相電力系統の相、
また、本発明の電力演算部は、負荷有効電力PLを演算する機能を備え、演算された負荷有効電力PLを前記瞬低検出器に出力し、瞬低検出器は負荷有効電力PLが予め設定された閾値以下となったとき前記高速スイッチに対するオフ信号として出力する。
The calculation of the output active power PLO in the power calculation unit of the present invention is performed by the following equation.
P LO = ((Output voltage RS phase x Load current R phase)-(Output voltage ST phase x Load current T phase))
× 2 / √3
Where R, S and T are the phases of the three-phase power system,
The power calculation unit of the present invention has a function of calculating the load active power P L, and outputs the calculated load active power P L to the voltage sag detector, the voltage sag detector load active power P L Is output as an off signal to the high-speed switch when the threshold value becomes equal to or less than a preset threshold value.

本発明による電力演算部による負荷有効電力PLの演算は、次式で行う。
PL=((系統電圧RS相×負荷電流R相)−(系統電圧ST相×負荷電流T相))
×2/√3
ただし、R,S,Tは、三相電力系統の相、
Calculation of the load active power P L by the power calculating portion according to the invention is carried out in the following equation.
P L = ((system voltage RS phase x load current R phase)-(system voltage ST phase x load current T phase))
× 2 / √3
Where R, S and T are the phases of the three-phase power system,

以上のとおり、本発明によれば、出力有効電力PLOの演算機能のみで交流モータの有効電力・無効電力の急変を抑制し、交流モータの脱調が防止できるものである。更に、電力演算部に負荷有効電力PLの演算機能を持たせることで、交流モータに逆起電力が発生しても、瞬低の瞬時検出が可能となるものである。 As described above, according to the present invention, to suppress the sudden change in the active power and reactive power of the AC motor only by the calculation function of the output effective power P LO, in which the step-out of the AC motor can be prevented. Furthermore, by providing a calculation function of the load active power P L to the power calculating section, even if the counter electromotive force is generated in the AC motor, in which it is possible to instantaneously detect instantaneous drop.

本発明の実施形態を示す構成図。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. 出力有効電力に対する出力周波数の制御説明図。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of control of an output frequency with respect to an output active power. 出力周波数の下げ時の説明図。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram when the output frequency is lowered. 瞬低補償期間の出力周波数決定のフローチャート。9 is a flowchart for determining the output frequency during the sag compensation period. 並列型瞬低補償装置の概略構成図。FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a parallel type sag compensator.

図1は本発明の実施例を示したもので、図5で示す従来と同一部分若しくは相当する部分に同一符号を付している。瞬低補償装置の制御装置10は、電力演算部11、瞬低検出器12及び出力周波数制御部13を備えている。電力演算部11は負荷有効電力PLと出力有効電力PLOの演算機能を備え、負荷有効電力PLは、電圧検出部Tr1によって検出された系統電圧Vsと電流検出部CTによって検出された負荷電流ILを用いて所定の周期毎に次式により求める。
PL=((系統電圧RS相×負荷電流R相)−(系統電圧ST相×負荷電流T相))
×2/√3
ただし、R,S,Tは、三相電力系統の相、
出力有効電力PLOは、電流検出部CTによって検出された負荷電流ILと電圧検出部Tr2によって検出されたインバータ1の出力電圧V0を用いて所定の周期毎に次式により求める。
PLO=((出力電圧RS相×負荷電流R相)−(出力電圧ST相×負荷電流T相))
×2/√3
ただし、R,S,Tは、三相電力系統の相、
瞬低検出器12は、算出された負荷有効電力PL、若しくは系統電圧Vsが設定された閾値より低下したことを判定して高速スイッチ3に対してオフ信号を出力し、高速スイッチ3が開路(解放)することで電力系統5からの負荷6に対する電力の供給を停止する。同時にインバータ1をゲートオンして蓄電装置4を電源として負荷6に対する電力供給を開始する。
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding parts as those shown in FIG. The control device 10 of the sag compensator includes a power calculator 11, an sag detector 12, and an output frequency controller 13. Power calculation unit 11 is provided with a calculation function of the output effective power P LO and the load active power P L, the load active power P L is detected by the system voltage Vs and a current detector CT which is detected by the voltage detection unit Tr1 load calculated by the following equation at every predetermined period using the current I L.
P L = ((system voltage RS phase x load current R phase)-(system voltage ST phase x load current T phase))
× 2 / √3
Where R, S and T are the phases of the three-phase power system,
Output active power P LO is determined by the following equation at every predetermined period using the output voltage V 0 which inverter 1 detected by the load current I L and the voltage detection unit Tr2 detected by the current detector CT.
P LO = ((Output voltage RS phase x Load current R phase)-(Output voltage ST phase x Load current T phase))
× 2 / √3
Where R, S and T are the phases of the three-phase power system,
The voltage sag detector 12 determines that the calculated load active power P L or the system voltage Vs has fallen below a set threshold, outputs an off signal to the high-speed switch 3, and opens the high-speed switch 3. (Release), the supply of power from the power system 5 to the load 6 is stopped. At the same time, the inverter 1 is turned on to start power supply to the load 6 using the power storage device 4 as a power supply.

一方、算出された出力有効電力PLOは出力周波数制御部13に入力されてインバータ1の出力周波数を瞬低前の系統周波数f0、または設定された固定の周波数f1により負荷6に対する電力供給を開始する。電圧は所定値である。
以下の説明では負荷6が交流モータ負荷のみで、瞬低直後の出力周波数fをf0とする。瞬低後の交流モータの端子電圧の周波数は低下することで、装置から見ると電流が流れて有効電力か無効電力を発生している。
On the other hand, the calculated output active power PLO is input to the output frequency control unit 13 and the output frequency of the inverter 1 is supplied to the load 6 by the system frequency f 0 before the instantaneous drop or the set fixed frequency f 1. To start. The voltage is a predetermined value.
Only load 6 AC motor load in the following description, the output frequency f immediately after voltage dips and f 0. As the frequency of the terminal voltage of the AC motor after the voltage sag decreases, a current flows from the apparatus, and active power or reactive power is generated.

図2は横軸に有効電力値、縦軸に出力周波数の補正量を示し、インバータ1から供給される有効電力の変動分△PLOとインバータ出力周波数の変動分△fout関係を表したものである。正方向は瞬低補償装置から交流モータへ有効電力が流れている場合で、有効電力の増加に伴い出力周波数は下げる方向になる。これとは反対で、交流モータから瞬低補償装置へ有効電力が流れている場合には、出力周波数を上げる方向にしている。 FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the variation of the active power supplied from the inverter 1 △ P LO and the variation of the inverter output frequency △ fout, with the horizontal axis representing the active power value and the vertical axis representing the correction amount of the output frequency. is there. The positive direction is when active power is flowing from the sag compensator to the AC motor, and the output frequency tends to decrease as the active power increases. On the contrary, when active power is flowing from the AC motor to the sag compensator, the output frequency is increased.

出力周波数制御部13は、出力有効電力の演算値が0のときには、出力周波数は瞬低前の系統周波数、または設定された固定の周波数である既定周波数の指令値信号を、図示省略されたゲート制御回路に出力してインバータ1の出力周波数を制御する。また、出力有効電力PLOが上昇して+△PLO1に変動したとすると、出力周波数制御部13は、出力周波数を−△fout下げた周波数指令値f0−△foutをゲート制御回路に出力する。逆に、出力有効電力PLOが降下して−△PLO1に変動したとすると、出力周波数制御部13は、出力周波数を+△fout上げた周波数指令値f0+△foutをゲート制御回路に出力する。
ここで、図2における出力有効電力値0時における既定の出力周波数、および出力有効電力値と出力周波数の関係を示す傾きは、負荷となる交流モータの特性を勘案して所定の値に設定される。
When the calculated value of the output active power is 0, the output frequency control unit 13 outputs a command value signal of a predetermined frequency which is a system frequency before the instantaneous voltage drop or a set fixed frequency, to a gate not shown. Output to a control circuit to control the output frequency of inverter 1. Further, assuming that the output active power PLO increases and fluctuates to + ΔPLO1 , the output frequency control unit 13 outputs a frequency command value f 0 −Δfout in which the output frequency is reduced by −Δfout to the gate control circuit. I do. Conversely, if the output active power P LO falls and fluctuates to −ΔP LO1 , the output frequency control unit 13 sends the frequency command value f 0 + Δf out in which the output frequency is increased by + Δf out to the gate control circuit. Output.
Here, the predetermined output frequency at the time of the output active power value 0 in FIG. 2 and the slope indicating the relationship between the output active power value and the output frequency are set to predetermined values in consideration of the characteristics of the AC motor serving as a load. You.

図3は、停電発生から瞬低補償期間における出力周波数fの低下状態を示したものであり、また、図4は出力周波数の決定方法を示すフローチャートしである。
出力周波数をfとすると、定周期毎に演算した出力有効電力PLOに対して偏差を求め、その偏差が正の場合と負の場合に応じてそれぞれ前回値との偏差を求めて出力周波数fを増減させる。
FIG. 3 shows a state of a decrease in the output frequency f during the instantaneous sag compensation period from the occurrence of the power failure, and FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a method of determining the output frequency.
Assuming that the output frequency is f, a deviation is calculated from the output active power PLO calculated at regular intervals, and a deviation from the previous value is calculated depending on whether the deviation is positive or negative. Is increased or decreased.

すなわち、図4において、瞬低が発生して当該周期で求まった有効電力演算値がP0であるとき、ステップS1で前回周期に演算された有効電力演算値P0と今回周期での演算値P1との差分をステップS2で比較判断し、偏差が出力有効電力の変動分△PLOより大きいときにはステップS3で出力周波数を−△fout下げた周波数指令値を演算する。また、ステップS2で偏差が出力有効電力の変動分△PLOより小さいときにはステップS4で出力周波数を+△fout上げた周波数指令値を演算する。ステップS5では、演算された出力周波数と出力有効電力演算値を指令値として設定し、ステップS1に戻って次回周期の演算を行う。 That is, in FIG. 4, instantaneous when low is generated active power calculation value Motoma' in the cycle is P 0, calculated value at the current period as the effective power calculated value P 0 which is calculated in the previous cycle in step S1 the difference between P 1 and comparative judgment in step S2, when the deviation is variation △ greater than P LO output active power output frequencies in step S3 - △ fout calculates a frequency command value was lowered. If the deviation is smaller than the variation ΔP LO of the output active power in step S2, a frequency command value in which the output frequency is increased by + Δfout is calculated in step S4. In step S5, the calculated output frequency and output active power calculation value are set as command values, and the process returns to step S1 to calculate the next cycle.

なお、図1で示す実施例では、電力演算部11は負荷有効電力PLと出力有効電力PLOの演算機能を有しているが、出力有効電力PLOの演算機能のみで交流モータの有効電力・無効電力の急変を抑制し、交流モータの脱調が防止できるものである。更に、電力演算部11に負荷有効電力PLの演算機能を持たせることで、交流モータに逆起電力が発生しても、瞬低検出が瞬時に可能となる効果が生じるものである。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the power calculator 11 has a function of calculating the load active power P L and the output active power P LO , but only the function of calculating the output active power P LO enables the AC motor to be activated. It can suppress sudden changes in electric power and reactive power, and prevent step-out of the AC motor. Further, by providing the power calculation unit 11 with a function of calculating the load active power P L , even if a back electromotive force is generated in the AC motor, an effect of instantaneously detecting a sag can be obtained.

1… インバータ
3… 高速スイッチ
4… 蓄電装置
5… 電力系統
6… 負荷
10… 制御装置
11… 電力演算部
12… 瞬低検出器
13… 出力周波数制御部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Inverter 3 ... High-speed switch 4 ... Power storage device 5 ... Power system 6 ... Load 10 ... Control device 11 ... Power calculation part 12 ... Voltage sag detector 13 ... Output frequency control part

Claims (4)

電力系統に高速スイッチを介して定常運転時に力行運転される交流モータを接続し、電力系統の異常を瞬低検出器で検出し、検出した異常検出による信号で高速スイッチをオフにし、蓄電装置及びインバータを介して交流モータに電力を供給する瞬低補償装置において、
前記瞬低補償装置の制御装置は、インバータの出力電圧V0と負荷電流ILから出力有効電力PLOを定周期毎に演算する電力演算部と、
電力演算部が演算した出力有効電力PLOに対応して、正の有効電力に偏差があるときには周波数を下げ、負の有効電力に偏差があるときには周波数を上げる周波数指令値を演算する出力周波数演算部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする瞬低補償装置。
The power system is connected to an AC motor that is operated in power running during normal operation via a high-speed switch, an abnormality in the power system is detected by an instantaneous sag detector, and the high-speed switch is turned off by a signal based on the detected abnormality detection. In an instantaneous sag compensator that supplies power to an AC motor via an inverter,
Said controller sag compensator includes a power calculator for calculating output active power P LO every fixed cycle and the output voltage V 0 which inverter from the load current I L,
Output frequency calculation that calculates the frequency command value corresponding to the output active power P LO calculated by the power calculation unit when the positive active power has a deviation and decreases the frequency when the negative active power has a deviation. Department and
A sag compensator comprising:
前記電力演算部での出力有効電力PLOの演算は、次式で行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載の瞬低補償装置。
PLO=((出力電圧RS相×負荷電流R相)−(出力電圧ST相×負荷電流T相))
×2/√3
ただし、R,S,Tは、三相電力系統の相、
The instantaneous sag compensator according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the output active power P LO in the power calculator is performed by the following equation.
P LO = ((Output voltage RS phase x Load current R phase)-(Output voltage ST phase x Load current T phase))
× 2 / √3
Where R, S and T are the phases of the three-phase power system,
前記電力演算部は、負荷有効電力PLを演算する機能を備え、演算された負荷有効電力PLを前記瞬低検出器に出力し、瞬低検出器は負荷有効電力PLが予め設定された閾値以下となったとき前記高速スイッチに対するオフ信号として出力することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の瞬低補償装置。 The power calculation unit has a function of calculating the load active power P L, and outputs the calculated load active power P L to the voltage sag detector, voltage sag detector load active power P L is set in advance 3. The instantaneous sag compensating device according to claim 1, wherein an output is output as an off signal to the high-speed switch when the voltage becomes equal to or less than the threshold value. 前記電力演算部による負荷有効電力PLの演算は、次式で行うことを特徴とする請求項3記載の瞬低補償装置。
PL=((系統電圧RS相×負荷電流R相)−(系統電圧ST相×負荷電流T相))
×2/√3
ただし、R,S,Tは、三相電力系統の相、
The calculation of the load active power P L by the power calculating portion, sag compensator according to claim 3, characterized in that the following equation.
P L = ((system voltage RS phase x load current R phase)-(system voltage ST phase x load current T phase))
× 2 / √3
Where R, S and T are the phases of the three-phase power system,
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