JP6637888B2 - 加圧酸素燃焼法 - Google Patents
加圧酸素燃焼法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6637888B2 JP6637888B2 JP2016540659A JP2016540659A JP6637888B2 JP 6637888 B2 JP6637888 B2 JP 6637888B2 JP 2016540659 A JP2016540659 A JP 2016540659A JP 2016540659 A JP2016540659 A JP 2016540659A JP 6637888 B2 JP6637888 B2 JP 6637888B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- oxygen
- fuel
- steam
- ash
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 46
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 151
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 110
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- KNHUKKLJHYUCFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N clofibrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 KNHUKKLJHYUCFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 silicoaluminate Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N2CN(N=O)CN1CN(N=O)C2 MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002083 X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluocinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003334 potential effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/326—Coal-water suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
- F23D1/005—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel burning a mixture of pulverulent fuel delivered as a slurry, i.e. comprising a carrying liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/10—Recycling of a stream within the process or apparatus to reuse elsewhere therein
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
- C10L2290/141—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of additive or catalyst
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
- C10L2290/143—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/60—Measuring or analysing fractions, components or impurities or process conditions during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/99001—Cold flame combustion or flameless oxidation processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/70—Blending
- F23G2201/701—Blending with additives
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/30—Combustion in a pressurised chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/50—Blending
- F23K2201/505—Blending with additives
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07001—Injecting synthetic air, i.e. a combustion supporting mixture made of pure oxygen and an inert gas, e.g. nitrogen or recycled fumes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07005—Injecting pure oxygen or oxygen enriched air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07008—Injection of water into the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07009—Injection of steam into the combustion chamber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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Description
燃焼に用いることができる圧力は、103 kPa〜約6,000 kPa、好ましくは200 kPa〜4,600kPa、さらにより好ましくは500 kPa〜3,000 kPaの範囲である。
Dp >> λ
Dp << λ
Dpは試験下の仮想粒子の直径であり、λはクヌーセン式
Kn = λ/Dp
による粒子の平均自由行程である。
Dp >> λのとき、ブラウン拡散パラメータDは1/Dpの関数であり、すなわち、核の数は関数f(D)であるので、合体現象に関与する質量は関数f(Dp2)である。
Dp << λのとき、Dは1/Dp2関数であり、その質量は関数f(Dp)である。
言い換えると、Dp >> λのとき、表面を介しての捕捉を有する現象は速く、すなわち相対的に最も大きな粒子が小さい粒子のスカベンジャーとして働く。
Dp << λのとき、粒子サイズの増大現象は遅い。
− 非常に低い重量濃度、0.01 mg/Nm3煙霧乾燥基準(炭素として測定)より低い濃度までの減少と組み合わさった、煙霧中の有機微粒子の実質的な除去が得られる、
− 自然バックグラウンドの無機粒子サイズの数値分布に近づく数値分布に達することを可能にする、1μmより低い粒子サイズを有する無機灰分の画分の実質的な除去、より正確には、無機粒子サイズ(直径)の数値分布の総和の減少を伴った実質的な除去が得られる。
m未満の数値分布の約半分までの減少を得ることを可能にし、本発明はまた、約6〜8倍低い値に達すること、すなわち自然バックグラウンドの無機粒子サイズの数値分布にほとんど近づく数値分布を得ること、および0.1μmμm未満の直径を有する粒子の数値分布に関して、本明細書に添付された参考実施例に対して5〜6倍低い減少を得ることを可能にする。
上記の灰分の測定は、ASTM D3174試験に従ったか、または約600℃の温度で実施するこの測定のための公知の何れかの熱分解法を用いて実施した。
燃料中に存在する重金属の測定は、燃料から得られた灰分について、プラズマ法、例えばICP-OESを用いて実施した。
融点は、ASTM D 1857-87試験に従って測定した。
凝集物の粒度分布の測定は、ASTM C136-06法により実施した。
測定を、XRF線回析法(蛍光X線)で実施し、得られたデータを、無機成分の再現に対してCQPA手法(化学定量的位相回析)で処理した。
アンデルセンプローブによる煙霧をサンプリングし、続いて0.1μmサイズカットを有するケイ酸塩繊維パネルでのろ過、次いで濃縮工程および直径0.01〜0.1μmを有する粒子画分の最終的回収により分析を実施した。特徴付けは、EDX分光技術と組み合わせた電子顕微鏡(SEM)により実施され、無機灰分のものに関して煤煙粒子の、正味の形態的相違点(セノスフェア(cenospheres)およびプレロスフェア(plerospheres))(電子顕微鏡を用いる検出可能な最小粒子直径:10〜50nm)に基づき、また、炭素Xスペクトラム(carbon X spectrum)(感度限界0.01重量%)に基づく。
ヤング係数は、ASTM E1876-09法を用いて測定した。
分析は、粉末連続分析計(インパクター)ELPI(Decati)を用いて実施した。この分析計は、粉末の粒径Dpに基づいて、粉末を分級するために12チャンネルを有している。この方法は、0.007μm〜10μmに至るまでの範囲における粒径を変化させる典型的な重量および数値分布のカーブを記録するグラフを得ることを可能にする。10μmより上の画分は、サンプリングした煙霧に対して操作する、ELPI分析計の注入口に置かれたサイクロンにより「分離」される。この分析計は、粒径分析のために12チャンネルが備わっている。その12チャンネルのそれぞれの中心点を以下に示す。
粒径の重量および数値分布は、専用のソフトウェア(ソフトウェアELPI)により得られた。
この例において、「自然バックグラウンド」の意味の実用的表現が与えられている。
地球大気の空気は、自然状態としてサブミンクロン粒子を含む。このサブミクロン粒子個体群は、通常「自然バックグラウンド」として言及される。このサブミクロン数値分布の総和の数および値の両方は、気象条件により、および人間の活動により影響を及ぼされる。
燃焼過程は、3 MWthの熱出力において操作したパイロットプラントでの米国特許USP 8,453,583号に従って実施した。エネルギー回収後のリサイクル煙霧は、燃焼を持続させる酸素と混ぜられ、燃焼装置に供給された。この煙霧は、55体積%に等しい気相状態における水分量を含む。容量比酸素/リサイクル煙霧は、1/2であった。酸素は、排出される煙霧中に約3体積%の酸素百分率を有するような過剰量で供給された。燃焼装置は、3 bargの圧力下に1430℃で操作された。
乾式粉砕した石炭の流量は、400 kg/hであった。
この例は、欧州特許EP 2,220,198号の教示に従って実施された。
参考実施例1を繰り返したが、燃料灰分に対して計算した3重量%に等しい量の低融点硫酸カリウム(融点1,340K)を加えた。燃料灰分の量は、乾燥した石炭重量に対して約0.5%であった。
本例は、例1の同一の酸素燃焼パイロットプラントを用いることにより実施した。圧力は3 bargであるが、温度を1350℃まで下げた。使用した燃料は、245 Kg/hの流量で供給したディーゼルオイルであった。12 g/lの濃度で水和剤の形態にある硫黄が前もって分散されていた23 g/lのNaCl水溶液も、378 l/hの流量で燃焼装置に供給した。
参考実施例1を繰り返したが、燃焼装置の温度調整のためにリサイクル煙霧を蒸気で置き換え、工程の圧力を12 bargに増加した。
参考実施例4を繰り返したが、石炭スラリーに以下の添加剤を添加した:
ガラス質スラグのヤング係数は6×104 MPaであった。
Claims (19)
- 燃焼装置に、燃料、燃焼持続剤、および以下の特性:
ヤング係数≧104 MPa、
粒度分析分布の少なくとも60重量%に対して75μmより大きいサイズ、
を有する粘着性凝集物の形態下の化合物が、ともに供給され、
それらが燃焼装置中に導入される場合に、凝集物が上記の特性を有し、
燃料灰に対する凝集物の量の範囲は、燃料灰に対する凝集物の重量%が5重量%となる凝集物の量を下限とし、燃料灰に対する凝集物の重量比が1:1となる凝集物の量を上限とし、燃焼装置が等温かつ無炎条件下で作動する、酸素燃焼方法。 - 前記燃焼装置が、1,400K〜2,200Kの範囲の温度で操作される請求項1に記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記燃焼装置が、103 kPa〜6,000 kPaを範囲とする圧力下で操作される請求項1または2に記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記燃焼持続剤が、水または蒸気との混合剤中で用いられる酸素か、水または蒸気とリサイクル煙霧との混合剤中で用いられる酸素か、あるいは、リサイクル煙霧との混合剤中で用いられる酸素である請求項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 酸素と水または蒸気との混合剤中において、酸素と水または蒸気とのモル比が、酸素:(水または蒸気)としたとき、1:0.4と1:3との間に含まれる請求項4に記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 酸素と水または蒸気とリサイクル煙霧との混合剤中において、水または蒸気の量が、30体積%より高く、かつ、酸素と水または蒸気とのモル比が、酸素:(水または蒸気)としたとき、1:0.4と1:3との間に含まれる請求項4に記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記燃料が、水/蒸気と混合され、混合剤中の水/蒸気の量が、燃料の重量に対する百分率で、少なくとも30%であり、90%よりも高くない請求項1〜6のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記燃料が、液体、固体、ガス状燃料であり、炭化水素固体の中から選択され、加熱により溶融/液化し、粘性液体、バイオマス、動物粉、石炭、中和反応からの産業廃棄物、高沸点精製画分、瀝青、およびオイルシェール、タールサンド、汚泥、使い尽くされた溶媒、ピッチ、産業スクラップ加工および産業廃棄物加工、石油由来の液体燃料、液体炭化水素、メタン、低分子量炭化水素、合成ガスのエマルジョンとして供給される請求項1〜7のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記凝集物が、900μmより大きくない粒子サイズを有する請求項1〜8のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記凝集物のヤング係数が、106 MPaよりも高くない請求項1〜9のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記凝集物が、前記燃料とは別にまたはそれらの混合剤で燃焼装置に供給される請求項1〜11のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記凝集物が、燃料に含まれる請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記凝集物が無機物である請求項1〜12のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記凝集物が、燃焼装置の底において分離された燃焼方法に由来するガラス質スラグである請求項1〜13に記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 凝集物として、モース硬度計に従って3より高い硬度を有する材料が用いられる請求項1〜14のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記燃焼装置内の燃料の滞留時間が、0.5秒から30分までの範囲にある請求項1〜15のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 前記燃焼装置が、耐火物である請求項1〜16のいずれか1つに記載の酸素燃焼方法。
- 請求項1〜17のいずれか1つに記載の方法で得られる燃焼排ガス。
- 以下のテスト:熱出力が3メガワットの燃焼装置中、13絶対barの圧力、燃料として炭素および燃焼持続剤として酸素90体積%を供給することにより1430℃の温度で作動し、煙霧中、濃度3体積%で酸素が存在し、石炭は35重量%で水とのスラリーとして供給され、酸素は55体積%の蒸気を含むリサイクル煙霧との混合剤で供給され、数値分布の総和がインパクターELPI(Decati)で測定される
を用いた場合に、
炭素として測定されるTOC含有量が乾燥煙霧に対して0.01 mg/Nm3より低く;
無機物の灰分において、
<1μmのサイズを有する粒子の数値分布の総和が、650,000/cm3より低く;
<0.1μmのサイズを有する粒子の数値分布の総和が、400,000/cm3より低い;
請求項18に記載の燃焼排ガス。
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PCT/EP2014/077543 WO2015097001A2 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2014-12-12 | Pressurized oxycombustion process |
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EP (1) | EP3087316B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6637888B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102360143B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106062151B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2014372767B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2935051C (ja) |
EA (1) | EA201600367A1 (ja) |
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ITBA20130084A1 (it) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-06-28 | Itea Spa | Processo di ossicombustione pressurizzata |
IT201700090748A1 (it) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-04 | Saipem Spa | Processo e impianto di produzione di urea facenti uso di co2 prodotta tramite ossi-combustione |
TWI756475B (zh) * | 2017-10-06 | 2022-03-01 | 日商東京威力科創股份有限公司 | 抑制粒子產生之方法及真空裝置 |
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AT374491B (de) * | 1982-01-20 | 1984-04-25 | Voest Alpine Ag | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen trocknung und veredelung von organischen feststoffen wie z.b. braunkohlen |
SE8405982L (sv) * | 1984-11-27 | 1986-05-28 | Hans Theliander | Sett att torka partikelformigt material |
US5428906A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1995-07-04 | Pcl Environmental, Inc. | Sludge treatment system |
US5335425A (en) * | 1991-08-14 | 1994-08-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Dry-processing apparatus for heating and drying objects to be processed |
US5765293A (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 1998-06-16 | Haden, Inc. | Method for processing paint sludge |
ATE278168T1 (de) * | 1998-05-07 | 2004-10-15 | Megtec Sys Inc | Warenbahntrockner mit völlig integrierter regenerativer heizquelle |
ITBO20030242A1 (it) | 2003-04-23 | 2004-10-24 | Itea Spa | Procedimento ed impianto per il trattamento di materiali |
ITBO20040296A1 (it) * | 2004-05-11 | 2004-08-11 | Itea Spa | Combustori ad alta efficienza e impatto ambientale ridotto, e procedimenti per la produzione di energia elettrica da esso derivabili |
US7987613B2 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2011-08-02 | Great River Energy | Control system for particulate material drying apparatus and process |
JP4726811B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-12 | 2011-07-20 | 中国電力株式会社 | 有害微量元素溶出抑制方法及び石炭火力発電システム |
ITMI20072290A1 (it) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-07 | Itea Spa | Processo di combustione |
ITMI20072292A1 (it) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-07 | Itea Spa | Processo di combustione |
ITMI20072291A1 (it) | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-07 | Itea Spa | Processo di combustione |
CN101220312A (zh) * | 2008-01-29 | 2008-07-16 | 广西庆荣耐火材料有限公司 | 高炉喷煤催化燃烧助燃剂 |
GB0900994D0 (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2009-03-04 | Oxonica Materials Ltd | Solid fuel combustion process |
CN101580751A (zh) * | 2009-06-24 | 2009-11-18 | 淮南师范学院 | 降低煤灰熔点的助熔剂及其制备方法 |
CN101845330A (zh) * | 2010-03-30 | 2010-09-29 | 安徽淮化股份有限公司 | 一种适用于Texaco水煤浆加压气化用煤的配煤方法 |
CN102517123A (zh) * | 2011-11-24 | 2012-06-27 | 兖州煤业榆林能化有限公司 | 一种降低榆林煤灰熔融性温度的榆林煤灰 |
ITBA20120049A1 (it) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-01-25 | Itea Spa | Processo di combustione |
ITBA20120048A1 (it) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-01-25 | Itea Spa | Processo di combustione |
WO2014153570A2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Transtar Group, Ltd | New and improved system for processing various chemicals and materials |
ITBA20130084A1 (it) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-06-28 | Itea Spa | Processo di ossicombustione pressurizzata |
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SG11201604449TA (en) | 2016-07-28 |
WO2015097001A2 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
EP3087316B1 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
CN106062151A (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
CA2935051A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
AU2014372767A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
EA201600367A1 (ru) | 2016-10-31 |
JP2017500530A (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
WO2015097001A3 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
EP3087316A2 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
KR102360143B1 (ko) | 2022-02-07 |
CN106062151B (zh) | 2018-04-20 |
US20160320056A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
CA2935051C (en) | 2021-06-15 |
US10393375B2 (en) | 2019-08-27 |
ITBA20130084A1 (it) | 2015-06-28 |
ES2806401T3 (es) | 2021-02-17 |
KR20160104623A (ko) | 2016-09-05 |
AU2014372767B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
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