JP6541024B2 - Mold for hot forging and hot forging method - Google Patents
Mold for hot forging and hot forging method Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、熱間鍛造用金型及び熱間鍛造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a hot forging die and a hot forging method.
例えば、タービンブレードを製造するにあたっては、丸棒状の熱間鍛造素材を所望の直径まで鍛伸して、更に、続く型打ち鍛造でニアネットシェイプのタービンブレード素材となるように、タービンブレードの根部や翼部となる部分の体積を確保すべく、所望の丸棒形状の荒地を成形する。この荒地の形状については、例えば、特開昭６３−２３８９４２号公報（特許文献１）の図２に、根部となる部分が太く（体積が大きく）、翼部先端に向けて次第に細くなる形状の荒地が示されている。
この荒地の具体的な製造方法としては、例えば、丸棒状の熱間鍛造素材を所望の直径までラジアル鍛造を行って長尺の丸棒材とし、所定の寸法に切断し、更に別な自由鍛造装置で所望の荒地形状に鍛造される。
For example, when manufacturing a turbine blade, the root portion of the turbine blade is formed by forging a round rod-like hot forging material to a desired diameter and further forming a near net shape turbine blade material by subsequent stamping forging. In order to secure the volume of the part to be the wing portion, the desired round bar-shaped wasteland is formed. With regard to the shape of this wasteland, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-238942 (Patent Document 1), the portion serving as the root is thick (large in volume) and gradually narrows toward the tip of the wing. A wasteland is shown.
As a specific manufacturing method of this wasteland, for example, a round bar-shaped hot forging material is subjected to radial forging to a desired diameter to form a long round bar, which is cut into a predetermined size, and another free forging The device is forged to the desired wasteland shape.
タービンブレードを型打ち鍛造する場合、根部、翼部となる部分や、ボス部と呼ばれる突起がタービンブレードの翼部に設けられることもあり、タービンブレード用の荒地では、体積と寸法の調整が重要となる。もし、体積計算が間違っていたり、或いは、寸法に間違いがあると、型打ち鍛造時の型彫り面内に十分に荒地が満肉せず、型打ち鍛造後のニアネットシェイプのタービンブレード素材の一部が欠寸する問題が生じる。タービンブレードの材質はＮｉ基の超耐熱合金や、Ｔｉ合金等の高価な合金であるため、型打ち鍛造後のニアネットシェイプのタービンブレード素材の一部が欠寸するような不良が起きると、その損害は小さくはない。
そのため、荒地の製造時に「せぎり」と呼ばれる加工溝を設けて、型打ち鍛造時の型彫り面内に十分満肉するように荒地成形時に加工を行うことが好ましい。しかしながら例えば、特開昭６０−２５０８４３号公報（特許文献２）に示されるように、せぎりの形成は特別な治具を用意してプレス装置で順次丸棒状の素材に加工溝を設けることになる。
When stamping and forging a turbine blade, the root, the part to be the blade part, and the projection called boss part may be provided on the blade part of the turbine blade, and in the wasteland for the turbine blade, adjustment of volume and size is important It becomes. If the volume calculation is incorrect or there is an error in the dimensions, the waste land will not be fully filled in the die-cutting surface during stamping and forging, and the near-net-shaped turbine blade material after stamping and forging There is a problem that part is missing. Since the material of the turbine blade is a Ni-based super heat-resistant alloy or an expensive alloy such as a Ti alloy, if a defect such as a part of the near-net-shaped turbine blade material after stamping and forging occurs, The damage is not small.
Therefore, it is preferable to provide a processing groove called "serily" at the time of manufacture of the wasteland, and to perform processing at the time of wasteland formation so as to fully fill in the mold engraving surface at the time of stamping and forging. However, as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-250843 (Patent Document 2), the formation of a girder is to prepare a special jig and sequentially provide processed grooves in a round rod-like material with a press. Become.
特許文献２で示されるせぎりを行う治具の形状は、その押圧面は平坦、且つ同じ幅で形成されており、難加工性材に所望の溝を形成するには不向きである。更に、せぎりで成形される溝は、幅が細く垂直に深い溝となっている。材料の深さ方向に垂直な溝が形成されると、鍛造素材をタービンブレード長さまで伸長する熱間鍛造時に、かぶり疵の発生が問題となる。
本発明の目的は、タービンブレードに使用される難加工性材であっても、ラジアル鍛造機を用いて容易にせぎりを行うことが可能な熱間鍛造用金型と熱間鍛造方法を提供することである。
The shape of the jig performing the sealing shown in Patent Document 2 is flat and has the same width as the pressing surface, and is not suitable for forming a desired groove in the difficult-to-process material. Furthermore, the groove formed with a seal is a narrow and vertical deep groove. The formation of grooves perpendicular to the depth direction of the material causes a problem of fogging during hot forging in which the forging material is extended to the turbine blade length.
An object of the present invention is to provide a hot forging die and a hot forging method capable of easily performing scoring using a radial forging machine even if it is a difficult-to-work material used for a turbine blade. It is.
本発明は上述した課題に鑑みてなされたものである。
すなわち本発明は、棒状の鍛造素材をラジアル鍛造により熱間鍛造するための熱間鍛造用金型であって、
前記熱間鍛造用金型は、前記鍛造素材を挟み込むための一対の半割状押圧面を有し、
前記各半割状押圧面は、前記鍛造素材を取り囲むように連続した、凸形状をなし、
前記各半割状押圧面は、曲面形状の粗加工面と、平坦面を凹状に形成したように形成され、側面から見ると円弧状であって、前記棒状の鍛造素材の長手方向に沿って平坦状の仕上げ加工面とを有する熱間鍛造用金型である。
好ましくは、熱間鍛造用金型は、粗加工面に、前記仕上げ加工面に向かって、曲面形状の押圧面の曲率半径が徐々に大きくなる徐変部を有する熱間鍛造用金型である。
好ましくは、前記各半割状押圧面は、せぎり加工用である熱間鍛造用金型である。
前記せぎり加工用の熱間鍛造用金型には、前記鍛造素材の長手方向に押圧面が複数個形成されていることが好ましい。
The present invention has been made in view of the problems described above.
That is, the present invention is a hot forging die for hot forging a rod-like forging material by radial forging,
The hot forging die has a pair of half pressing surfaces for sandwiching the forging material,
Each of the half pressing surfaces has a convex shape continuous to surround the forging material,
Each of the half pressing surfaces is formed to have a rough surface with a curved surface and a flat surface formed in a concave shape, and when viewed from the side, it has a circular arc shape along the longitudinal direction of the rod-like forging material A hot forging die having a flat finishing surface.
Preferably, the mold for hot forging is a mold for hot forging having a gradually changing portion in the roughened surface where the radius of curvature of the curved pressed surface gradually increases toward the finish-processed surface. .
Preferably, each said half-split pressing surface is a mold for hot forging which is for cutting.
It is preferable that a plurality of pressing surfaces be formed in the longitudinal direction of the forging material in the hot forging die for forming the seam.
また、本発明は、棒状の鍛造素材をラジアル鍛造により熱間鍛造する熱間鍛造方法であって、前記熱間鍛造に用いる金型は、前記鍛造素材を挟み込むための一対の半割状押圧面を有し、
前記各凸形状押圧面は、前記鍛造素材を取り囲むように連続してなり、曲面形状の粗加工面と、平坦面を凹状に形成したように形成され、側面から見ると円弧状であって、前記棒状の鍛造素材の長手方向に沿って平坦状の仕上げ加工面とを有し、
前記鍛造素材を熱間鍛造温度に加熱する鍛造素材加熱工程と、
前記加熱された鍛造素材を回転させつつ、対向配置された２つの前記熱間鍛造用金型の前記各半割状押圧面で鍛造素材を押圧することにより、鍛造素材にせぎりを行う熱間鍛造工程、
を含む熱間鍛造方法である。
更に前記熱間鍛造方法において、前記棒状の鍛造素材がＮｉ基超耐熱合金またはＴｉ合金であることが好ましい。
本発明の熱間鍛造方法は、タービンブレード用の荒地製造に好適である。
Further, the present invention is a hot forging method in which a rod-like forging material is hot-forged by radial forging, and a mold used for the hot forging is a pair of half pressing surfaces for sandwiching the forging material. Have
Each of the convex pressing surfaces is continuous so as to surround the forging material, and is formed as if a rough surface with a curved surface and a flat surface are formed in a concave shape, and viewed from the side, it has an arc shape. And a flat finished surface along the longitudinal direction of the rod- like forging material ,
A forging material heating step of heating the forging material to a hot forging temperature;
Hot forging to forge a forged material by pressing the forged material with the half-shaped pressing surfaces of the two oppositely disposed molds for hot forging while rotating the heated forged material Process,
A hot forging method including:
Furthermore, in the hot forging method, the rod-like forging material is preferably a Ni-based super heat-resistant alloy or a Ti alloy.
The hot forging method of the present invention is suitable for the production of a wasteland for turbine blades.
本発明によれば、例えばタービンブレードに使用される難加工性材であっても、ラジアル鍛造機を用いて容易にせぎりを行うことができる。 According to the present invention, even if it is a difficult-to-process material used for a turbine blade, for example, scoring can be easily performed using a radial forging machine.
前述の特許文献２では、せぎりを行う対象物は連接棒と言う小さな製品である。一方で、タービンブレードは今後益々大型化が進み、その材質も難加工性材として知られるＮｉ基超耐熱合金やＴｉ合金である。特にこれらの合金の中には、熱間鍛造可能な温度の幅が僅かしかないものもあり、背切り用の治具を用いて自由鍛造していては、鍛造素材の温度が低下してしまう。そのため、素材の重量にもよるが、例えば、４０〜６０インチのタービンブレード用の場合では多くの再加熱を行わないといけなくなる。タービンブレードの大型化が進むと、再加熱の回数は更に増加してしまう。
この課題に対しては、ラジアル鍛造機を用いてせぎりを行うことができれば、非常に有効となるが、通常、ラジアル鍛造機は金敷と呼ばれる、押圧面が平坦な金型を使用しているため、従来の金敷を用いたラジアル鍛造機ではせぎりを行うことは不可能であった。
本発明は、これを可能とするもので、最大の特徴は、ラジアル鍛造機を用いて大型のタービンブレード用の荒地成形にも適用できる、熱間鍛造用金型の従来にない新規な形状にある。以下に本発明で用いる熱間鍛造用金型について説明する。
In the above-mentioned patent document 2, the target object which performs a seal is a small product called a connecting rod. On the other hand, turbine blades are becoming larger in size in the future, and the material thereof is also a Ni-based super heat-resistant alloy or Ti alloy known as a difficult-to-process material. In particular, some of these alloys have only a small temperature range that can be hot forged, and if free forging is performed using a jig for back cutting, the temperature of the forged material decreases. . Therefore, depending on the weight of the material, for example, in the case of a 40 to 60-inch turbine blade, it is necessary to perform much reheating. As the size of turbine blades increases, the number of reheatings will further increase.
It is very effective if this can be done using a radial forging machine for this problem, but usually, a radial forging machine uses a mold with a flat pressing surface called an anvil. Therefore, it was impossible to perform sealing with a conventional radial forging machine using an anvil.
The present invention makes this possible, and the greatest feature is the novelty shape of the hot forging die which can be applied to roughing for large turbine blades using a radial forging machine. is there. The hot forging die used in the present invention will be described below.
図１は本発明の熱間鍛造用金型１の側面模式図と熱間鍛造用金型１の仕上げ加工面断面図（Ａ−Ａ断面図）、粗加工面断面図（Ｃ−Ｃ断面図）及び仕上げ加工面と粗加工面の中間に位置する場所の断面図（Ｂ−Ｂ断面図）である。なお、本発明では、対向する２方向から押圧するラジアル鍛造機を用いるものである。図１では、Ｃ−Ｃ断面図で示す位置からＢ−Ｂ断面図で示す位置の手前までは、断面図で示す半割状押圧面の曲率半径が徐々に広がって行き、Ｂ−Ｂ断面図からＡ−Ａ断面図で示す位置（底部）までの押圧面の平坦面の幅はほぼ同じとしている。なお、本発明で言う「仕上げ加工面」とは、前記のＡ−Ａ断面図で示す位置（底部）を含んで、押圧面が平坦な場所を仕上げ加工面とする。 FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a hot forging die 1 according to the present invention, a finish processed surface sectional view (A-A sectional view) of a hot forging die 1, and a rough processed surface sectional view (C-C sectional view) And a cross-sectional view (B-B cross-sectional view) of a place located between the finishing surface and the roughing surface. In the present invention, a radial forging machine is used which presses from two opposing directions. In FIG. 1, the radius of curvature of the half pressing surface shown in the cross-sectional view gradually expands from the position shown in the C-C cross-sectional view to the front of the position shown in the B-B cross-sectional view. The width of the flat surface of the pressing surface from the point A to the position (bottom) shown in the A-A cross sectional view is substantially the same. In addition, the "finishing surface" said by this invention includes the position (bottom part) shown by said AA cross section, and makes the place where a press surface is flat a finishing surface.
図１に示す熱間鍛造用金型１は２つで一対となり、例えば、図４に示すように熱間鍛造用金型１が鍛造素材２１を挟み込むように対向配置され、且つ、一対の２つの熱間鍛造用金型１が共働してせぎりを行う。具体的には、図１で示す熱間鍛造用金型が２つ１組（一対）となって、鍛造素材（図１では図示せず）を挟み込む半割状押圧面２を有しており、この半割状押圧面で鍛造素材を挟み込むように押圧する。ラジアル鍛造機に備えられた把持機構により、鍛造素材は把持されると共に鍛造素材の間欠的な回転が行われることになる。
各半割状押圧面２は図１の側面模式図に示すように、前記鍛造素材を取り囲むように連続した断面が凸形状をなす。半割状とすることで共働する２つの熱間鍛造用金型の押圧面に鍛造素材を挟み込むものである。また、「鍛造素材を取り囲むように連続した」とは、図４に示すように鍛造素材２１の周囲を粗加工面、仕上げ加工面で取り囲むような形状を言う。半割状押圧面２は平坦面を凹状に形成したように形成されており、その押圧面は側面（図１の側面模式図）から見ると円弧状に見える。そして、半割状押圧面２は、仕上げ加工面４と粗加工面３とを有している。仕上げ加工面４は凹状（円弧状）の底部辺りに形成されており、粗加工面３は、その仕上げ加工面の両側（凹状（円弧状）の両端側）に形成されている。そして、仕上げ加工面４の底部から両方の曲面形状の粗加工面３に向かって粗加工面同士の間隔が広がって行き、２つの熱間鍛造用金型が鍛造素材を押圧したときに鍛造素材を連続した凸形状で押圧可能な形状となっている。この形状を有する熱間鍛造用金型１で鍛造素材を熱間鍛造すると、熱間鍛造用金型に形成された凸形状の粗加工面から鍛造素材に接触していき、せぎりに必要な溝を順次形成することができる。そのため、本発明で言う「凸形状」とは、上記の各断面図方向からみたときの形状を指す。つまり、鍛造素材の長手方向に垂直な方向から見たときの断面である。
The hot forging die 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a pair of two, and for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the hot forging die 1 is disposed opposite to sandwich the forging material 21, and the pair 2 The two hot forging dies 1 work in concert to perform sealing. Specifically, the hot forging die shown in FIG. 1 is a set of two (one pair) and has a half-split pressing surface 2 for sandwiching a forged material (not shown in FIG. 1). The forging material is pressed so as to be sandwiched by the half-shaped pressing surface. The forging material is gripped and the intermittent rotation of the forging material is performed by the holding mechanism provided in the radial forging machine.
As shown in the schematic side view of FIG. 1, each half-split pressing surface 2 has a convex cross section continuous with the forging material. The forging material is sandwiched between the pressing surfaces of two hot forging dies that work in cooperation by forming a half. Further, “continuously surrounding the forging material” means a shape such that the forging material 21 is surrounded by a rough surface and a finish surface as shown in FIG. The half pressing surface 2 is formed so as to form a flat surface in a concave shape, and the pressing surface looks like an arc when viewed from the side surface (side schematic view in FIG. 1). The half press surface 2 has a finishing surface 4 and a rough surface 3. The finishing surface 4 is formed around a concave (arc-shaped) bottom, and the roughing surface 3 is formed on both sides of the finishing surface (both ends of the recess (arc)). Then, the distance between the rough-machined surfaces spreads from the bottom of the finish-machined surface 4 toward the rough-machined surfaces 3 of both curved surfaces, and two forging dies are pressed forging material. It has a shape that can be pressed with a continuous convex shape. When the forging material is hot forged with the hot forging die 1 having this shape, the forging material is in contact with the rough forged surface of the convex shape formed on the hot forging die, and it is necessary for sealing. The grooves can be formed sequentially. Therefore, the “convex shape” in the present invention refers to the shape when viewed from the direction of each of the cross-sectional views described above. That is, it is a cross section when seen from the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the forging material.
また、前記各半割状押圧面２は、押圧面が曲面形状の粗加工面３と、押圧面が平坦状の仕上げ加工面４とを有する。これは、鍛造素材が粗加工面から鍛造を開始するときに、難加工性の鍛造素材であっても所定の深さの溝が形成可能なように、鍛造の初期段階では接触面積を少なくして効率よく溝加工が行えるようにしたものである。そして、鍛造が進んで行くと、次第に仕上げ加工面での押圧が順次開始され、溝の幅を広げると共に、鍛造の後半で平坦状の仕上げ面でせぎりの形状を整えていく。
本発明の場合、粗加工面の押圧面と仕上げ加工面の押圧面とは、形状が異なるため、粗加工面の端部に形成された曲面形状断面の曲率半径を徐々に大きくする徐変部を仕上げ加工面の手前まで形成していき、例えば、徐変部の稜線を機械加工で除去して平坦部を形成する方法、或いは、徐変部の稜線上に肉盛溶接と機械加工によって広い面積の平坦部を形成する方法、或いは、徐変部の稜線を機械加工で除去した平坦部を形成肉盛溶接等で広い面積の平坦部を形成するのが良い。このうち、平坦部の面積を広げる方法を採用するのが良い。これは、平坦部はせぎり加工の最終段階でその形状を整える目的であるため、平坦部の接触面積が小さくなると、意図しない深さの溝が形成されるおそれがあるためである。せぎりを行う鍛造の最終段階では、加工する鍛造素材への接触面積を広げて加工量を減少させると共に、加工溝の形状調整を行える押圧面形状とした方が良いためである。
Further, each of the half-shaped pressing surfaces 2 has a rough processing surface 3 whose pressing surface is a curved surface and a finishing surface 4 whose pressing surface is flat. This reduces the contact area at the initial stage of forging so that a groove of a predetermined depth can be formed even if the forging material is difficult to process when the forging material starts forging from the roughing surface. Thus, the groove processing can be performed efficiently. Then, as forging progresses, pressing on the finish surface is gradually started, and the width of the groove is widened, and the shape of the seal is adjusted with the flat finish surface in the latter half of the forging.
In the case of the present invention, since the pressed surface of the roughed surface and the pressed surface of the finished surface are different in shape, a gradually changing portion which gradually increases the radius of curvature of the curved cross section formed at the end of the roughed surface. Is formed to the front of the finish processing surface, for example, the method of forming the flat part by removing the ridge line of the gradual change part by machining, or widening by overlay welding and machining on the ridge line of the gradual change part It is preferable to form a flat portion of a large area or to form a flat portion obtained by machining the ridges of the gradual change portion by machining. Among these, it is preferable to adopt a method of expanding the area of the flat portion. This is because the flat portion is for the purpose of adjusting the shape at the final stage of the seaming process, and if the contact area of the flat portion is reduced, a groove having an unintended depth may be formed. At the final stage of forging where seaming is performed, it is better to widen the contact area to the forging material to be processed to reduce the amount of processing and to have a pressing surface shape capable of adjusting the shape of the processing groove.
なお、実際の粗加工面は、例えば肉盛溶接などで粗加工面の曲面形状を形成したり、その後に手作業で形状を機械加工したりする場合もあるため、必ずしも同一曲率半径の凸部が形成されない場合がある。そのため、本発明でいう「曲面形状」とは、肉盛溶接や機械加工による誤差を含み、曲率を持った凸状のものであれば良く、その曲率はおおよその形状から求めれば良い。また、鍛造素材を押圧する部分が曲率を持った凸状であればよく、その押圧する部分の曲率を本発明に従って構成すればよい。
また、実際の仕上げ加工面は、例えば肉盛溶接などで補修を行ったり、その後に手作業で形状を機械加工したりする場合もあるため、必ずしも凹凸が殆ど無い平坦形状とならない場合がある。そのため、本発明でいう「平坦状」とは、肉盛溶接や機械加工による誤差を含み、過剰な凹凸がないものであれば良く、その形状はおおよその形状から求めれば良い。
In addition, since the actual rough-machined surface may form the curved surface shape of the rough-machined surface by, for example, build-up welding, or the shape may be manually machined after that, convex portions with the same curvature radius are not always required. May not be formed. Therefore, the “curved surface shape” referred to in the present invention includes an error due to build-up welding and machining, and may be a convex one having a curvature, and the curvature may be obtained from an approximate shape. Further, the portion for pressing the forging material may be a convex shape having a curvature, and the curvature of the portion to be pressed may be configured according to the present invention.
In addition, since the actual finished surface may be repaired by, for example, build-up welding, or the shape may be machined manually thereafter, it may not necessarily be a flat shape with almost no unevenness. Therefore, the term "flat" in the present invention includes errors due to build-up welding and machining, as long as there is no excessive unevenness, and the shape thereof may be obtained from an approximate shape.
上述したように、本発明の熱間鍛造用金型１はせぎり加工用に好適である。なお、図２に示すようにせぎり加工用の半割状押圧面２を鍛造素材の長手方向に複数個形成しても良い。これは、例えば、２ヶ所同時にせぎりによる加工溝を形成する場合、１つの金型に複数個のせぎり加工用の半割状押圧面２を形成しておく方が、生産性向上に有利であるからである。特に、タービンブレードに用いられる合金の材質は難加工性材であることから、熱間鍛造が可能な温度域内でできるだけ短時間で鍛造を終了させることが好ましいためである。この複数個所への同時せぎり加工は、タービンブレードの翼部に設けられるボス部となる部分に対して用いるのが有効である。
なお、この複数個所同時せぎり鍛造が可能となるのも、本発明の熱間鍛造用金型に形成する押圧面の接触面積が、小さな面積から次第に大きな面積となるようにして、それをラジアル鍛造機と組み合せて初めて実現できたものである。
この図２に示す構造の熱間鍛造用金型においても、Ｅ−Ｅ断面図で示す位置（底部）を含んで、押圧面が平坦な場所を（Ｆ−Ｆ断面図の位置からＥ−Ｅ断面図の位置まで）を仕上げ加工面とする。
As described above, the hot forging die 1 according to the present invention is suitable for use in forging. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, you may form in | by plural pieces in the longitudinal direction of the forging material the half-split pressing surface 2 for a scoring process. This is because, for example, in the case of forming a grooved groove by two places at the same time, it is advantageous to improve productivity by forming a plurality of half-shaped pressing surfaces 2 for forming a sheet in one mold. It is because there is. In particular, since the material of the alloy used for the turbine blade is a difficult-to-process material, it is preferable to finish forging in as short time as possible within the temperature range in which hot forging is possible. It is effective to use this simultaneous drilling process at a plurality of locations on a portion to be a boss provided on a blade of a turbine blade.
It should be noted that the possibility of simultaneous forging at a plurality of places also becomes possible by making the contact area of the pressing surface formed on the hot forging die of the present invention gradually increase from a small area, It was realized for the first time in combination with a forging machine.
Also in the mold for hot forging having the structure shown in FIG. 2, a place where the pressing surface is flat including the position (bottom) shown in the E-E cross-sectional view (from the position of the F-F cross-sectional view E-E) Let the surface of the cross section be the finishing surface.
なお、せぎり鍛造終了後には鍛造素材を伸長して所定の荒地形状とする。その場合に用いる熱間鍛造用金型１１には鍛造素材を伸長する伸長部７を備えている。前記の伸長部７に設ける鍛伸用押圧面には、図３に示すように押圧面が平坦状（鍛造素材２の長手方向に沿って平坦状であり、鍛造素材２を挟み込むように曲がっている）に形成されている。鍛伸用の鍛伸部７は、鍛造素材を挟み込むための一対の半割状押圧面１２を有し、各半割状押圧面１２は鍛造素材を取り囲むように連続した凸形状をなし、各半割状押圧面１２は、略平坦状の粗加工面１３と、仕上げ加工面１４とを有するものである。基本的な構成は前記のせぎり加工に適した熱間鍛造用金型と同じであり、図３に示す鍛伸用の熱間鍛造用金型１１も２つで１組（一対）となる。鍛造素材の鍛伸は、１組の鍛伸用の熱間鍛造用金型１１が共働して鍛造素材（図示せず）の直径を細くするように、ラジアル鍛造機に備えられた把持機構により鍛造素材は把持されると共に、鍛造素材の回転が行われることになる。また、この鍛造素材の回転と共に、把持された鍛造素材はその長手方向に移動して行き、鍛造素材の長手方向も伸長させる。
なお、この鍛伸用の熱間鍛造用金型の平坦状の押圧面も、鍛造の初期段階では接触面積を少なくして効率よく鍛伸して行き、その後、所定の形状に整えることが容易なように、粗加工面１３に形成された略平坦状の押圧面の面幅を狭くしておき、前記仕上げ加工面１４に形成された押圧面の面幅は前記粗加工面１３よりも広くするのが好ましい。
前記のように、鍛伸用の熱間鍛造用金型１１は、鍛造素材を長手方向に伸長しつつ、形状を整えるものであるため、その押圧面は平坦状となる。この平坦状の押圧面の面幅を過度に広げると鍛造に要する圧力が大きくなってしまうことがある。そのため、１度の打撃で効率よく鍛伸できるように平坦状の押圧面の面幅は接触面積を考慮し、鍛造機に適した面幅を選択することが好ましい。
In addition, after the forging completion, the forging material is elongated to form a predetermined wasteland shape. The hot forging die 11 used in that case is provided with an extending portion 7 for extending a forged material. As shown in FIG. 3, the pressing surface is flat (flat along the longitudinal direction of the forging material 2 and bent so as to sandwich the forging material 2) as shown in FIG. Is formed. The forging section 7 has a pair of half pressing surfaces 12 for sandwiching the forging material, and each half pressing surface 12 has a continuous convex shape so as to surround the forging material. The half-split pressing surface 12 has a roughly flat rough surface 13 and a finish surface 14. The basic configuration is the same as the hot forging die suitable for the above-mentioned forging process, and the hot forging die 11 for forging shown in FIG. 3 is also one set (pair). Forging of forging material is a gripping mechanism provided in a radial forging machine such that a pair of forging hot forging dies 11 cooperate to reduce the diameter of a forging material (not shown). As a result, the forging material is gripped and the forging material is rotated. Also, with the rotation of the forging material, the gripped forging material moves in its longitudinal direction, and also elongates the longitudinal direction of the forging material.
The flat pressing surface of the forging hot forging die is also efficiently forged by reducing the contact area at the initial stage of forging, and then it is easy to prepare it into a predetermined shape. As described above, the surface width of the substantially flat pressing surface formed on the roughing surface 13 is narrowed, and the surface width of the pressing surface formed on the finishing surface 14 is wider than the rough surface 13. It is preferable to do.
As described above, since the forging hot forging die 11 straightens the forging material in the longitudinal direction and adjusts the shape, the pressing surface is flat. If the surface width of the flat pressing surface is excessively expanded, the pressure required for forging may increase. Therefore, it is preferable to select the surface width suitable for a forging machine in consideration of the contact area so that the flat pressing surface can be efficiently forged by one impact.
次に、本発明の熱間鍛造用金型を用いて５０インチのタービンブレード用の荒地の熱間鍛造方法について説明する。
図４はラジアル鍛造機の一例を示す模式図である。ラジアル鍛造機には図１で示す熱間鍛造用金型１が取り付けられている。熱間鍛造用金型１は、鍛造素材２１を挟み込むために鍛造素材の対面にそれぞれ１つずつ設けられている。図４では既に鍛造素材２１がラジアル鍛造機に把持されているが、鍛造素材は加熱炉（図示せず）にて所定の熱間鍛造温度に加熱され、ラジアル鍛造機に取り付けられたものである。
加熱温度は鍛造素材の材質によって異なり、例えば、Ｎｉ基超耐熱合金であれば９５０〜１１５０℃であり、Ｔｉ合金であれば８００〜１０００℃である。この他、析出強化型ステンレス鋼では９００〜１２００℃である。また、鍛造素材の形状は棒状である。棒状の鍛造素材は、鍛造装置やプレス装置で所定の形状に整えたものであれば良く、もし、丸棒状であれば、その直径はせぎりが行える熱間鍛造用金型１の粗加工面同士の幅と同等程度であることが好ましい。
そして、前述の鍛造素材のうち、所定の丸棒状鍛造素材をラジアル鍛造機に取り付けを行う。
Next, a method of hot forging a wasteland for a 50-inch turbine blade using the hot forging die of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of a radial forging machine. A hot forging die 1 shown in FIG. 1 is attached to the radial forging machine. The hot forging dies 1 are provided one by one on the face of the forging material in order to sandwich the forging material 21. In FIG. 4, the forging material 21 is already gripped by the radial forging machine, but the forging material is heated to a predetermined hot forging temperature in a heating furnace (not shown) and attached to the radial forging machine .
The heating temperature varies depending on the material of the forging material, and is, for example, 950 to 1150 ° C. for a Ni-based super heat-resistant alloy, and 800 to 1000 ° C. for a Ti alloy. In addition, it is 900-1200 degreeC in precipitation strengthening stainless steel. In addition, the shape of the forging material is rod-like. The rod-like forging material may be one that has been adjusted to a predetermined shape by a forging device or a pressing device, and if it is a round rod shape, its diameter can be roughened roughly processed surface of hot forging die 1 It is preferable that the width is approximately the same as the width of each other.
And a predetermined round-rod-like forging material is attached to a radial forging machine among the above-mentioned forging materials.
熱間鍛造は、加熱された鍛造素材２１を回転させつつ、対向配置された２つの熱間鍛造用金型１を１組（一対）とし、前記各半割状押圧面で鍛造素材を押圧することにより、鍛造素材にせぎり加工を行う。せぎりを行う熱間鍛造用金型の形状は図１に示すものである。このせぎり加工時は、先ず熱間鍛造用金型１の粗加工面３から熱間鍛造が開始される。本発明の熱間鍛造用金型は、仕上げ加工面４から粗加工面３に向かって粗加工面同士の間隔が広がって行き、２つの熱間鍛造用金型が鍛造素材を押圧したときに鍛造素材を連続した凸形状で押圧可能な形状を有するものである。また、最初に行うせぎり加工は、鍛造素材はその場で回転する（鍛造素材の長手方向の移動は行わない）。
このせぎり加工時の加工方法としては２通りの方法がある。１つ目の方法として、せぎり加工終了後の形状重視の方法から説明する。
対向する２方向からの熱間鍛造が開始されると、図５（Ａ）に示すように、先ず、粗加工面３から鍛造素材の所定の位置の押圧が開始される。粗加工時の鍛造素材２１と熱間鍛造用金型の接触（鍛造）位置を矢印で示している。そうすると、対向する２方向からの熱間鍛造でありながら、鍛造初期は共働して鍛造する２つ熱間鍛造用金型に形成された粗加工面が押圧を開始することから、鍛造開始時に鍛造素材を押圧している箇所は４ヶ所である。この４ヶ所が同時にせぎり加工を開始すると、接触面積が小さいため効率よく溝加工を行っていく。そして、順次仕上げ加工面に向かって熱間鍛造を行い、一対の熱間鍛造用金型に形成された仕上げ加工面で所定の形状に整えられていくことになる。仕上げ加工の最終段階では、図５（Ｂ）で示すように、鍛造素材２１を仕上げ加工面の底部で熱間鍛造を行うときは押圧箇所は２ヶ所である。つまり、せぎり加工の初期段階では一対の熱間鍛造用金型を用いて４ヶ所の鍛造（せぎり加工）を行い、最後の形状調整時は一対の熱間鍛造用金型を用いて２ヶ所の鍛造により、形状を整えることができる。また、粗加工面よりも接触面積が大きい凸形状の仕上げ加工面４で最終形状に効率よく成形することができる。しかも、矢印で示した仕上げ加工面の底部の形状で最終的な形状に整えることか可能であるため、最終仕上げ形状を重視する場合には好都合である。
In hot forging, while rotating the heated forging material 21, the two hot forging dies 1 disposed opposite to each other are made into one set (pair), and the forging material is pressed by the respective half-split pressing surfaces. In some cases, the forging material is subjected to seam processing. The shape of the hot forging die which performs sealing is shown in FIG. At the time of this seaming, first, hot forging is started from the roughened surface 3 of the hot forging die 1. In the hot forging die according to the present invention, when the gap between the roughly machined surfaces spreads from the finish-machined surface 4 toward the rough-machined surface 3 and two hot forging dies press the forged material. It has a shape which can press the forging material in a continuous convex shape. In addition, forging process performed first, the forging material rotates on the spot (the longitudinal movement of the forging material is not performed).
There are two methods as a processing method at the time of this grit processing. The first method will be described from the method of emphasizing the shape after the end of the punching process.
When hot forging from two opposing directions is started, as shown in FIG. 5A, first, pressing of a predetermined position of the forged material from the roughing surface 3 is started. The contact (forging) position of the forging material 21 and the hot forging die at the time of roughing is indicated by an arrow. Then, the rough-machined surface formed on the two hot forging dies that are co-worked and forged in the forging initial stage starts pressing while the hot forging from the two opposing directions starts, so the forging start time There are four places where the forging material is pressed. If these four locations start seaming at the same time, the contact area will be small and groove processing will be performed efficiently. Then, hot forging is sequentially performed toward the finish-processed surface, and the finished shape formed on the pair of hot forging dies is adjusted to a predetermined shape. At the final stage of the finishing process, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the forging material 21 is subjected to hot forging at the bottom of the finishing surface, there are two pressing points. That is, at the initial stage of siding, four forgings (singing) are performed using a pair of hot forging dies, and at the final shape adjustment, a pair of hot forging dies are used 2 The shape can be adjusted by forging the place. In addition, it is possible to efficiently form the final shape with the convex finished surface 4 having a larger contact area than the rough surface. In addition, since it is possible to adjust to the final shape with the shape of the bottom of the finished surface indicated by the arrow, it is convenient when the final finished shape is important.
もう一つの方法は、加工時間を短時間とする場合に適用する方法である。
対向する２方向からの熱間鍛造が開始されると、図６（Ａ）に示すように、先ず、粗加工面３から鍛造素材の所定の位置の押圧が開始される。粗加工時の鍛造素材２１と熱間鍛造用金型の接触（鍛造）位置を矢印で示している。そうすると、対向する２方向からの熱間鍛造でありながら、鍛造初期は共働して鍛造する２つ熱間鍛造用金型に形成された粗加工面が押圧を開始することから、鍛造開始時に鍛造素材を押圧している箇所は４ヶ所である。この４ヶ所が同時にせぎり加工を開始すると、接触面積が小さいため効率よく溝加工を行っていく。そして、順次仕上げ加工面に向かって熱間鍛造を行い、一対の熱間鍛造用金型に形成された仕上げ加工面４で所定の形状に整えられていくことになる。
前述のように、Ｂ−Ｂ断面図からＡ−Ａ断面図で示す位置（底部）までは押圧面を平坦としていることから、仕上げ加工面の底部まで使用する仕上げ加工は行わず、図６（Ｂ）に示すように、仕上げ加工時も押圧する箇所を４ヶ所として仕上げ加工を終了させる。この場合であっても、粗加工面よりも接触面積が大きい凸形状の仕上げ加工面４で最終形状に効率よく成形することができ、且つ、押圧箇所を４ヶ所とすることで短時間でせぎり加工が行える。そのため、鍛造時間を短時間としたい場合には好都合である。
なお、この鍛造時間重視の方法を用いる場合、仕上げ加工面の底部（Ａ−Ａ断面図で示す位置）の曲率半径（図８で示す鍛造素材の長手方向に垂直方向から見たときの曲率半径）をせぎり加工した後の直径の曲率半径よりも小さく小さくしすることが重要である。但し、仕上げ加工面の底部は曲面形状としておき、熱間鍛造時に過度な応力集中を避けるようにすると良い。
Another method is a method applied when processing time is short.
When hot forging from two opposing directions is started, as shown in FIG. 6A, first, pressing of a predetermined position of the forged material from the roughing surface 3 is started. The contact (forging) position of the forging material 21 and the hot forging die at the time of roughing is indicated by an arrow. Then, the rough-machined surface formed on the two hot forging dies that are co-worked and forged in the forging initial stage starts pressing while the hot forging from the two opposing directions starts, so the forging start time There are four places where the forging material is pressed. If these four locations start seaming at the same time, the contact area will be small and groove processing will be performed efficiently. Then, hot forging is sequentially performed toward the finish-processed surface, and the finish-processed surface 4 formed in the pair of hot forging dies is adjusted to a predetermined shape.
As described above, since the pressing surface is flat from the B-B cross-sectional view to the position (bottom) shown in the A-A cross-sectional view, the finish processing used up to the bottom portion of the finish-processed surface is not performed. As shown in B), the finishing process is finished with four pressing points in the finishing process. Even in this case, the final shape can be efficiently formed with the convex finished surface 4 having a contact area larger than that of the rough surface, and by making the pressing places four places in a short time. It is possible to cut it. Therefore, it is convenient when the forging time is short.
In addition, when using the method of emphasizing forging time, the curvature radius when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the forging material shown in FIG. It is important to make it smaller and smaller than the radius of curvature of the diameter after die cutting. However, it is preferable that the bottom of the finish-machined surface has a curved shape to avoid excessive stress concentration during hot forging.
前記のせぎり加工が終了すると、熱間鍛造用金型１を鍛伸用押圧面を有する熱間鍛造用金型１１に交換する。この熱間鍛造用金型の交換時においては、鍛造素材を再度所定の鍛造温度に再加熱する。
交換した熱間鍛造用金型１１は、前記鍛造素材を伸長する鍛伸用押圧面を有する伸長部７が設けてられている。鍛伸用押圧面は、図３に示す形状を有するものである。この鍛伸用押圧面を有する熱間鍛造用金型の、鍛造素材の長手方向から見た押圧面の形状も、図５（Ａ）に示す前記せぎり加工を行った熱間鍛造用金型１と同様であるため、対向する２方向からの熱間鍛造が開始されると、先ず、粗加工面１３から鍛造素材の所定の位置の押圧が開始される。そうすると、対向する２方向からの熱間鍛造でありながら、鍛伸（鍛造）初期は共働して鍛造する２つ（一対）の熱間鍛造用金型に形成された粗加工面が押圧を開始することから、鍛造開始時に鍛造素材を押圧している箇所は４ヶ所である。この４ヶ所が同時に鍛伸を開始すると、接触面積が小さいため効率よく鍛造素材を伸長していく。そして、鍛造素材はラジアル鍛造機によって間欠回転しつつ鍛造素材の長手方向に順次移動されて、順次仕上げ加工面に向かって熱間鍛造を行い、一対の熱間鍛造用金型に形成された仕上げ加工面で所定の形状に整えられていくことになる。
つまり、仕上げ加工の最終段階では、図５（Ｂ）で示すように、仕上げ加工面１４で熱間鍛造を行うときは押圧箇所は２ヶ所である。この仕上げ加工面の底部の形状で最終的な形状に整える方法は、最終仕上げ形状を重視する場合には好都合である。
また、この鍛伸用押圧面による熱間鍛造においても、熱間鍛造時間を短時間にするには図６のように、熱間鍛造初期から熱間鍛造の最終段階まで押圧箇所を４ヶ所とすることで短時間で鍛造素材を伸長することができる。
このようにして、せぎりから鍛伸へと同じラジアル鍛造機を用いて連続して鍛造素材を所定の荒地形状に熱間鍛造が行えるため、従来のようにせぎり用の治具を用いた後に、別な鍛造機であらためて鍛伸を行うと言った、煩雑な工程を省略できる。そのため、再加熱回数を低減できるにもかかわらず、精度の高いタービンブレード用の荒地を製造することが可能となる。
When the forging process is completed, the hot forging die 1 is replaced with a hot forging die 11 having a forging / pressing pressing surface. At the time of replacement of the hot forging die, the forging material is reheated to a predetermined forging temperature again.
The replaced hot forging die 11 is provided with an elongated portion 7 having a forging / pressing pressing surface for stretching the forged material. The forging / pressing surface has the shape shown in FIG. The shape of the pressing surface of the hot forging die having this forging / pressing surface, as viewed from the longitudinal direction of the forging material, is also the hot forging die subjected to the above-described serring shown in FIG. 5 (A). As in No. 1, when hot forging from two opposing directions is started, first, pressing of a predetermined position of the forged material from the roughing surface 13 is started. Then, the rough-machined surface formed on the two (pair) hot forging dies which are forged in cooperation at the same time in the forging (forging) initial stage while being hot forging from the two opposing directions is pressed. From the start, there are four places where the forging material is pressed at the start of forging. If these four locations start forging at the same time, the contact area is small and the forging material is efficiently elongated. Then, the forging material is sequentially moved in the longitudinal direction of the forging material while being intermittently rotated by the radial forging machine, and hot forging is sequentially performed toward the finish-processed surface, and the finishing formed in the pair of hot forging dies It will be arranged in a predetermined shape on the processing surface.
That is, at the final stage of the finishing process, as shown in FIG. 5B, when hot forging is performed on the finishing surface 14, there are two pressing points. The method of adjusting the shape of the bottom of the finished surface to the final shape is convenient when the final shape of the finish is important.
In addition, even in hot forging with this forging press surface, as shown in FIG. 6, in order to shorten the hot forging time, as shown in FIG. 6, four pressed places from the initial stage of hot forging to the final stage of hot forging By doing this, the forged material can be elongated in a short time.
In this manner, since the forging material can be hot forged into a predetermined rough shape continuously using the same radial forging machine as that from forging to forging, after using a jig for forging as in the prior art , It is possible to omit the complicated process of performing forging with another forging machine again. Therefore, although the number of reheating can be reduced, it is possible to manufacture a high-quality waste land for a turbine blade.
本発明によれば、タービンブレードに使用される難加工性材であっても、ラジアル鍛造機を用いて容易にせぎりを行うことができる。また、前例のないラジアル鍛造機を用いた熱間鍛造方法によれば、鍛造材の再加熱の回数を飛躍的に低減させることができ、生産性を向上させ、省エネルギーにも極めて有効となる。 According to the present invention, even if it is a difficult-to-process material used for a turbine blade, scoring can be easily performed using a radial forging machine. Moreover, according to the hot forging method using a radial forging machine which has not been unprecedented, the number of reheating of the forging material can be dramatically reduced, the productivity is improved, and it is extremely effective for energy saving.
１ 熱間鍛造用金型
２ 半割状押圧面
３ 粗加工面
４ 仕上げ加工面
５ せぎり部
７ 伸長部
１１ 熱間鍛造用金型（鍛伸用）
１２ 半割状押圧面（鍛伸用）
１３ 粗加工面（鍛伸用）
１４ 仕上げ加工面（鍛伸用）
２１ 鍛造素材
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Die for hot forging 2 Half pressing surface 3 Rough surface 4 Finished surface 5 Cutting part 7 Extension part 11 Hot forging die (for forging)
12 Half press surface (for forging and stretching)
13 Roughing surface (for forging and stretching)
14 Finished surface (for forging and stretching)
21 Forging material
Claims (7)
前記熱間鍛造用金型は、前記鍛造素材を挟み込むための一対の半割状押圧面を有し、
前記各半割状押圧面は、前記鍛造素材を取り囲むように連続した、凸形状をなし、
前記各半割状押圧面は、曲面形状の粗加工面と、平坦面を凹状に形成したように形成され、側面から見ると円弧状であって、前記棒状の鍛造素材の長手方向に沿って平坦状の仕上げ加工面とを有することを特徴とする熱間鍛造用金型。 A hot forging die for hot forging a rod-like forging material by radial forging,
The hot forging die has a pair of half pressing surfaces for sandwiching the forging material,
Each of the half pressing surfaces has a convex shape continuous to surround the forging material,
Each of the half pressing surfaces is formed to have a rough surface with a curved surface and a flat surface formed in a concave shape, and when viewed from the side, it has a circular arc shape along the longitudinal direction of the rod-like forging material A mold for hot forging characterized by having a flat finishing surface.
前記熱間鍛造に用いる金型は、前記鍛造素材を挟み込むための一対の半割状押圧面を有し、
前記各凸形状押圧面は、前記鍛造素材を取り囲むように連続してなり、曲面形状の粗加工面と、平坦面を凹状に形成したように形成され、側面から見ると円弧状であって、前記棒状の鍛造素材の長手方向に沿って平坦状の仕上げ加工面とを有し、
前記鍛造素材を熱間鍛造温度に加熱する鍛造素材加熱工程と、
前記加熱された鍛造素材を回転させつつ、対向配置された２つの前記熱間鍛造用金型の前記各半割状押圧面で鍛造素材を押圧することにより、鍛造素材にせぎりを行う熱間鍛造工程、
を含むことを特徴とする熱間鍛造方法。 A hot forging method for hot forging a rod-like forging material by radial forging,
The mold used for the hot forging has a pair of half pressing surfaces for sandwiching the forging material,
Each of the convex pressing surfaces is continuous so as to surround the forging material, and is formed as if a rough surface with a curved surface and a flat surface are formed in a concave shape, and viewed from the side, it has an arc shape. And a flat finished surface along the longitudinal direction of the rod- like forging material ,
A forging material heating step of heating the forging material to a hot forging temperature;
Hot forging to forge a forged material by pressing the forged material with the half-shaped pressing surfaces of the two oppositely disposed molds for hot forging while rotating the heated forged material Process,
A hot forging method characterized by including.
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