JP6535359B2 - 光パッド顕微鏡 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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Description
本発明と共に使用できるデータ処理及びデータ分析の例を以下に示す。当業者であれば,調査すべきパラメータに応じて,ほかのデータ処理及びデータ分析も使用できることを理解するであろう。蛍光分子(又は蛍光粒子)の拡散に,既知のデータ処理及びデータ分析方法を本発明と共に用いることができる。
細胞のような生きている試料内のFCS測定は,細胞の内部が不均一なことと,蛍光標識付けした分子の数が限られることのため,特に難題である。生体内のFCS撮像の有用性を,内在的に表現された緑色蛍光タンパク質でタグ付されたタンパク質,すなわち細胞周期のS/G2期におけるMDCK細胞内の細胞周期報告システムFucci[14,15]の40kDa mAG-hGem(1/110)成分,の拡散を測定することによって調査した。EM−CCDの1ラインによるFCS記録(1D−FCS,図7のb)は,mAG-hGemタンパク質が局在する細胞核の領域における拡散誘起衰退を特徴付けた自己相関関数(ACF)を計算できるようにした。反対に,非相関ACFは,細胞質領域及び細胞内空間から取得された(図7のd)。ACFを(上述の)1成分異常拡散モデル関数に当てはめることによって,平均見かけ拡散係数25±7μm2s−1及びこの特定の細胞のタンパク質濃度420±120nMが得られた(図7e)。同一細胞系のほかの細胞を用いて行われた共焦点FCS測定は各差異計数(20±3μm2s−1,図6のa〜b)を確認した。細胞核を横断する約3×19μm2に対応する15×102画素範囲の2D−FCS記録は,拡散係数及び濃度の非常に均一な分布を示し,それは予想通り,研究された種々の細胞の非常に類似した平均値(図7のh)を有していた。2D−FCS記録に関係するゆっくりした取得速度が主に,適切に濃度を予測する精度に影響を与えたことが分かった。1μsと40,700又は1400μsとの時間解像度を比較すると,拡散相関時間3ms(GFPに関して通常測定されるとおり)の場合,当てはめから確信までの期間は1.5,3又は5倍に増加した。反対に,拡散係数の予測はほとんど影響されずに残った。これらのデータは,1D及び2D−FCS記録が生きた細胞から良い精度で拡散係数を得ることを可能にすることを確認する。2D−FCS記録を用いたときは,タンパク質濃度の測定は信頼度が低いが,この情報は信号強度から概算したものであり,タンパク質の表現におけるセル間変動のため,一過性形質転換システムが用いられるすべての場合には関係が少ないパラメータである。タンパク質濃度測定の精度は,次世代検出器配列(例えばsCMOSカメラ)を用いた2D−FCS取得のより良い時間標本化によって改善できる。
異質染色質タンパク質1(HP1)族の要素は,DNA及び特に変更された異質染色質と結合したタンパク質及び染色質を形成するタンパク質,特に,Lys9ジ又はトリメチルヌクレオゾームヒストンH3,及びゲノムホメオスタシスにかかわる,したがって,異質染色質形成及び維持,真正染色質器質化,転写抑制,DNA複製及びDNA損傷修理における複雑な機能を行う,広範な要因との動的な相互作用を受ける。HP1のDNAとの相互作用の動態は,前に光退色及び共焦点FCSによって測定され,異質染色質が制御因子に接近可能であり,異質染色質におけるHP1α濃縮は,タンパク質と染色質,特にメチルヌクレオゾームヒストンH3との,増加したが未だ非常に動的な相互作用によるものである。共焦点FRAP(光退色後の蛍光弛緩)又はFCSによる局所測定は,HP1α染色の明るさによって案内され,この明るさは異質染色質において強く,セル当たり数回に制限された。したがって,このような調査は,核体積のより大きな部分を含む,HP1αの真正染色質染色の均一な強度を示すことはなく,均一な移動性と関係しているかどうかを示さなかった。ここで,HP1α全体を表すマウス3T3細胞における1D−FCS記録(図9のb)は,HP1α移動性の高速及び低速で拡散する成分を有する範囲を示した。低速成分(0.07μm2s−1〜0.41μm2s−1の間,共焦点FCSデータと一致,図8のe〜f)の測定値は,蛍光強度分布(図9のb)に対して部分的な反相関を示した。しかし,1D−FCS記録の空間解像度及び次元性は,真正染色質と異質染色質とを明確に区別するには十分ではなかった。
上述の実施例は純粋に説明的であり,光パッド顕微鏡をどのように使用し,又は試験できるかの例を示すものであることを理解されたい。本願請求項に規定された応用は特定の実施例又は応用に限定されない。光パッド顕微鏡の多くのほかの応用も可能であり,当業者であれば,光パッド顕微鏡で調査できる多くの別の生物学的及び非生物学的標本を発見するであろう。また,データ評価のほかの方法を光パッド顕微鏡と共に使用してもよい。
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Claims (15)
- 照明対物レンズ(21)を介して標本(8)を照明する照明光路(20)と,検出対物レンズ(41)を介して第1の観察方向から前記標本(8)を観察するための少なくとも一つの観察光路(40,50)とを有する顕微鏡装置であって,
前記照明光路(20)内の照明光路焦点合わせ装置(23)であって,前記照明光路(20)の照明方向と,該照明方向の横断方向とに沿って伸びる実質的に2次元の対象照明領域(22)を規定する照明光路焦点合わせ装置と,
前記実質的に2次元の対象照明領域(22)を配置する第1の走査モジュール(26)と、
前記実質的に2次元の対象照明領域(22)の一部(10)を選択的に照明する前記照明光路(20)内の照明領域制限素子(27,29)と,
前記第1の観察方向とは異なる第2の観察方向から前記標本(8)を観察するための追加対物レンズ(61)と,
を備える顕微鏡装置。 - 前記照明光路焦点合わせ装置(23)は,円柱レンズ(23)と,アナモルフィック形状のレンズ,球面レンズ又は非球面レンズのうち少なくとも一つを含む,請求項1に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記照明光路焦点合わせ装置(23)は少なくとも一つのアナモルフィック形状の鏡を含む,請求項1又は2に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記照明領域制限素子(23)は,前記実質的に2次元の対象照明領域を生成する第2の走査モジュールを更に備える,請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記第2の走査モジュールは,ガルバノメータ駆動鏡である,請求項4に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記照明領域制限素子(23)は,前記実質的に2次元の対象照明領域の前記一部を前記照明方向に制限する第1アパーチャ(29)を含む,請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記照明領域制限素子は,前記実質的に2次元の対象照明領域の前記一部を前記照明方向を横断する方向に制限する少なくとも第2開口部(27)を含む,請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記照明領域制限素子(23,27)は光ビーム成形器を含む,請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記第1の観察方向は,前記照明方向及び前記実質的に2次元の対象照明領域(22)に実質的に垂直である,請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記第2の観察方向と前記第1の観察方向又は前記照明方向の少なくとも一つとの間の角度は、90°と異なる,請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 実効的に観察される領域を1次元又は2次元に減少させることができる,検出経路(50)内の調整可能検出開口部(573)を更に備える,請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記実質的に2次元の対象照明領域(22)の前記一部(10)及び前記実効的に観察される領域は合同及び/又は一致する,請求項11に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記実質的に2次元の対象照明領域(22)の前記一部(10)及び前記実効的に観察される領域は,前記標本(8)を通って合同して及び/又は一致して移動できる,請求項12に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記追加対物レンズ(61)は,落射蛍光顕微鏡(6)の一部である,請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の顕微鏡装置。
- 前記追加対物レンズ(61)は,倒立顕微鏡(6)の一部である,請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の顕微鏡。
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