JP6529711B2 - Raising method of seedlings of mountain forest trees cuttings - Google Patents
Raising method of seedlings of mountain forest trees cuttings Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は山林樹木挿し木苗を効率的に製造（生産）する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method of efficiently producing (producing) a forested forest cutting.
我が国におけるスギ、ヒノキ等の山林樹木苗の生産は、露地又は温室等の施設内において実生で行われるほか、挿し木によって行われる。
一方、海外の林業先進国では、樹木苗木育成用のコンテナを用いるコンテナ育苗技術の技術が確立され、近年、わが国でも国内林業向けのマルチキャビティコンテナが開発され普及が拡大している。樹木苗木育成用のコンテナは多数の苗育成孔を有する硬質プラスティック製の育苗容器であり、樹種、育苗環境、作業性に応じて、容量、形状等様々なタイプがある。
コンテナ育苗のメリットは、（i）低コストであること、（ii）貯蔵や運搬などのハンドリングに優れること、（iii）培地付き苗なので植栽適期の拡大が可能であること、（iv）小型軽量のため植栽効率が高いこと等があげられる。
挿し木育苗において、育苗用コンテナを用いる場合は、台木（母樹）の穂を含む部分を切り取り（切り取られた部分を「挿し穂」という）、該挿し穂をコンテナに充填された挿し床に直接挿し木するか、あるいは露地から床替えした穂を挿し木して発根させ、育苗する方法が採られる。かかる方法による育苗（以下「挿し木育苗」という）においては、挿し穂を約２００本／ｍ２以上の高い密度で生育せしめるといった面積当たり生産量を高める育苗が可能である（露地育苗では100本/m2程度）。なお、挿し木（又は挿し付け）とは、挿し穂を植え付ける工程を意味する。
Production of forest trees and trees, such as cedar and cypress in Japan, is carried out by cuttings as well as by seedlings in facilities such as open fields or greenhouses.
On the other hand, in advanced forestry countries overseas, the technology of container raising technology using a container for growing tree seedlings has been established, and in recent years, multi-cavity containers for domestic forestry have been developed and spread in Japan. A container for growing tree seedlings is a hard plastic raising container having a large number of seedling raising holes, and there are various types such as capacity and shape according to tree species, raising environment and workability.
The merits of container raising are: (i) low cost, (ii) excellent handling such as storage and transportation, (iii) seedling with medium, so that the planting period can be extended, (iv) small size The low planting efficiency is high because of its light weight.
In the case of using a container for raising seedlings, in the case of raising seedlings, cut the portion including the ear of the rootstock (mother tree) (the cut portion is referred to as “spoon”), directly cutting the cutting ear filled in the container into the cutting floor A method is taken to raise the roots by cutting cuttings or cutting ears that have been floor-changed from the open ground, and raising the seedlings. In the method of raising seedlings by such a method (hereinafter referred to as “cutting-seed raising”), it is possible to raise the yield per area by growing cuttings at a high density of about 200 / m 2 (100 in open-seeding about m 2 ). In addition, a cutting (or cutting) means the process of planting a cutting ear.
挿し付け直後の挿し穂は、根を有しないため水分の吸収能が低い一方、蒸散は活発に行われるため、水分収支がアンバランスであり挿し穂内における水分は不足しやすい。そのため挿し木育苗においては、発根するまで、挿し木後の挿し穂における水分の亡失を防ぐことが、最も重要な管理項目の一つである。とくに夏場は挿し穂の蒸散・光合成が活発であるため、水分収支が一層アンバランスになりがちである。 The cutting just after cutting does not have roots, but the ability to absorb water is low, while transpiration is performed actively, so the water balance is unbalanced and the water in the cutting is likely to be short. Therefore, in cutting seedlings, it is one of the most important management items to prevent loss of water in cuttings after cutting until rooting. Water balance tends to be more unbalanced, especially in summer, because the transpiration and photosynthesis of cuttings are active.
一般的な挿し木育苗では、挿し穂における水分の亡失を防ぐために、温度、湿度、光といった、主に蒸散を抑える地上部の環境要因の制御が行われる。特に潅水管理は、穂の上部にのみ霧状のミストを与えること（頭上潅水）によって穂からの蒸散の抑制、適度な水分供給が行われる。
更に、ミストの頭上潅水を行うに際しては、ミストを与えすぎると培土（培地）の表面付近、すなわち挿し穂の地上部の基部付近が過湿状態になり、病気が発生しやすくなる（非特許文献１）。そのため、当該箇所が過湿にならないようにする湿度コントロールも不可欠である。
In general cutting seedlings, in order to prevent loss of water in cuttings, control of environmental factors of the above-ground part mainly suppressing transpiration such as temperature, humidity and light is performed. In particular, in the irrigation management, suppression of transpiration from the ear and appropriate water supply are performed by giving mist-like mist only to the upper part of the ear (overhead irrigation).
Furthermore, when performing mist overhead irrigation, if too much mist is given, the vicinity of the surface of the culture soil (medium), that is, the vicinity of the base of the above-ground part of the cutting ear becomes over humid and disease is likely to occur (Non-patent literature 1). Therefore, it is also essential to control humidity so as not to cause the area to become excessively humid.
挿し木苗の大量生産においては、面積当たりの挿し付け密度が高いため、頭上潅水において過湿を避けようとすると培土に均等に水が行き渡らず、培土の部位間における含水率のバラつきが大きくなりやすい。とくに、近年普及しているコンテナを用いる場合には、一株に与えられる培土の量が小さいこともあり、培土が乾燥しやすい。側面にスリットが刻まれたコンテナにおいては、培土が一層乾燥しやすい。そのため、コンテナを用いる育苗においては、湿度コントロールは一層困難である。
すなわち、挿し穂からの蒸散を抑制し、かつ挿し穂の地上部の基部付近を過湿状態にしないようにするためには、潅水管理及び温湿度管理による水分環境の制御が必要であるが、かかる制御はきめ細かく、特に山林樹苗の育苗では長期間（約３ヶ月）にわたり行わなければならず、煩雑であるうえに労力を要するのが現状である。
In mass production of cuttings and seedlings, because the cutting density per area is high, if you try to avoid over-humidification in overhead irrigation, water will not spread evenly to the agar, and the variation in moisture content between the sites of the agar will tend to be large . In particular, in the case of using a container which has been widely spread in recent years, the amount of soil to be given to one strain may be small, and the soil may be easily dried. In a container with a slit on the side, the soil is easier to dry. Therefore, humidity control is more difficult in the case of raising seedlings using a container.
That is, in order to suppress transpiration from cuttings and to prevent the area around the base of the cuttings from becoming excessively wet, it is necessary to control the water environment by irrigation management and temperature and humidity management. Such control is meticulously performed, and in particular, it is necessary to carry out over a long period (about 3 months) in raising seedlings of forest trees, which is complicated and requires labor.
したがって、本発明は、山林樹木挿し木苗の生産において、より簡便に水分環境を制御することを可能とする方法を与えることを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method which makes it possible to control the water environment more easily in the production of forest trees and cuttings.
本発明者らは、上記課題の解決を志向して、環境を制御するより簡便な方法について研究を行ったところ、驚くべきことに潅水の方法を変更することによって水分環境のコントロールがより簡便に行い得る可能性があることを見出し、さらに研究を進めた結果本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち本発明は、少なくとも以下の発明に関する：
［１］ 以下の工程を含む、山林樹木挿し木苗を製造する方法：
（１）発根前の挿し穂を、高密度で培土に栽植する工程；
（２）前記培土の底面から潅水して、前記挿し穂の切り口に水分を供給する工程；及び
（３）挿し穂を発根させ、施設内及び屋外において山林樹木挿し木苗を育苗する工程。
The present inventors conducted research on a simpler method of controlling the environment, aiming at solving the above-mentioned problems, and surprisingly, the control of the water environment is simplified more easily by changing the method of watering. The inventors have found that there is a possibility of doing it, and as a result of further studies, they have completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention relates at least to the following inventions:
[1] A method for producing a forested cutting of a forest tree comprising the following steps:
(1) a step of planting the cuttings before rooting in the culture soil at high density;
(2) watering from the bottom of the culture soil, and supplying water to the cut end of the cutting ear; and (3) rooting the cutting ear, and raising the seedlings of a mountain forest cutting inside and outside the facility.
［２］挿し穂が発根した後に、培土の底面からの潅水を行わない前記［１］の方法。 [2] The method of the above-mentioned [1], wherein watering from the bottom of the culture soil is not carried out after the cuttings have been rooted.
［３］ 以下の工程を含む、山林樹木挿し木苗を製造する方法：
（１）発根前の挿し穂を高密度で培土に栽植する工程；
（２）前記培土の底面から潅水して、前記挿し穂の切り口に水分を供給する工程；及び
（３’）挿し穂を発根させ、発根した後に、培土の底面からの潅水を停止し、頭上潅水を行って前記発根後の挿し穂を施設内及び屋外において山林樹木挿し木苗を育苗する工程。
［４］培土の底面からの潅水を、培土を水に浸漬して行う、前記［１］〜［３］のいずれかの方法。
［５］水に浸漬される培土の高さが、培土全体の高さの３％以上、４０％以下に保たれる、前記［４］の方法。
［６］山林樹木がスギ又はヒノキである前記［１］〜［５］のいずれかの方法。
［７］挿し穂の栽植密度が約２００本／ｍ２以上である前記［１］〜［６］のいずれかの方法。
［８］栽植が、コンテナに入れた培土に行われる前記［１］〜［７］のいずれかの方法。
［９］コンテナがサイドスリット付きのコンテナである、前記［８］の方法。
［１０］前記［１］〜［９］のいずれかの方法により製造される山林樹木挿し木苗。
[3] A method of producing a forested cutting of a forest tree comprising the following steps:
(1) a step of planting the cuttings before rooting at a high density on the soil;
(2) watering from the bottom of the culture soil to supply water to the cut end of the cutting ear; and (3 ′) rooting the cutting ear and rooting, stopping watering from the bottom of the culture soil A step of performing overhead irrigation to raise the seedlings of the mountain forest trees in the facility and outdoors with the cuttings after the rooting.
[4] The method according to any one of the above [1] to [3], wherein the irrigation from the bottom of the soil is performed by immersing the soil in water.
[5] The method of the above-mentioned [4], wherein the height of the soil to be immersed in water is maintained at 3% or more and 40% or less of the height of the entire soil.
[6] The method according to any one of the above [1] to [5], wherein the forest tree is cedar or cypress.
[7] The method according to any one of the above [1] to [6], wherein the planting density of cuttings is about 200 lines / m 2 or more.
[8] The method according to any one of the above [1] to [7], wherein the planting is carried out on a culture soil put in a container.
[9] The method of the above-mentioned [8], wherein the container is a container with a side slit.
[10] Seedling of a mountain forest tree cutting manufactured by the method of any one of the above [1] to [9].
特許文献１〜３には、底面から給水・潅水するための方法・装置が示されている。しかしながら、これらの方法・装置における対象植物として、山林樹木についてはこれらの文献には記載されていないし、発根前のステージにあるものについての開示もなされていない。また、挿し木を水に浸漬することは病害の蔓延を助長し、カルス形成を阻害するため、一般的には避けるべきことであることが知られている（非特許文献２）。したがって、本発明の方法は、上記各従来技術とはまったく別異の方法であるばかりでなく、これらの技術からは想到することができないものなのである。 Patent Documents 1 to 3 show methods and devices for water supply and irrigation from the bottom. However, as target plants in these methods / apparatus, forest trees are not described in these documents, and there is no disclosure of those in the stage before rooting. It is also known that immersing cuttings in water promotes disease spread and inhibits callus formation, so that it should generally be avoided (Non-patent Document 2). Therefore, the method of the present invention is not only a completely different method from the above-mentioned prior arts, but can not be conceived from these techniques.
本発明によれば、挿し付け後から発根までの期間に挿し穂内の水分損失、あるいは挿し穂基部の過湿による枯損が抑えられ、更に山林樹木挿し木苗の発根率が総体的に向上するとともに、発根が促進され、挿し付けから発根までの期間、更に植栽までの期間を短縮することができる。したがって、本発明の方法によれば、効率的な挿し木苗の生産が可能になる。その結果本発明の方法によれば、山林樹木挿し木苗の生産において、綿密な潅水管理及び湿度管理が不要となり、施設内の水分環境をより簡便に制御することができる。
理論に束縛されるものではないが、本発明の方法によれば、培土の水分環境が一定かつ好適な状態に保たれ、挿し穂における発根が促進され、その後の旺盛な生育がもたらされると考えられる。
According to the present invention, water loss in the cutting ear or death due to excessive humidity of the cutting ear is suppressed in the period from the cutting to the rooting, and the rooting rate of the forest cuttings is further improved overall. At the same time, rooting is promoted, and the period from cutting to rooting and the period until planting can be shortened. Thus, according to the method of the present invention, efficient production of cuttings can be achieved. As a result, according to the method of the present invention, in the production of forest trees and wood cuttings, detailed water control and humidity control are not required, and the water environment in the facility can be controlled more simply.
Without being bound by theory, it is believed that according to the method of the present invention, the moisture environment of the culture soil is kept constant and suitable, rooting in cuttings is promoted, and subsequent vigorous growth is brought about. Conceivable.
本発明の方法のうち挿し穂が発根した後に、培土の底面からの潅水を行わない前記方法によれば、より早期に発根させ、かつ側根及び細根を増やすことができる。 Among the methods of the present invention, according to the above method in which watering from the bottom of the culture soil is not carried out after the cuttings have been rooted, it is possible to root earlier and increase lateral roots and fine roots.
本発明の方法のうち培土の底面からの潅水を、培土を水に浸漬して行う、前記いずれかの方法によれば、培土の底面からの潅水を簡便に行うことができる。
本発明の方法のうち水に浸漬される培土の高さ（コンテナを用いる場合は、コンテナ底面から水面までの高さに相当）が培土全体の高さ（コンテナを用いる場合は、コンテナ全体の高さに相当）の３％以上、４０％以下に保たれる前記方法によれば、潅水をより適切に行うことができる。
本発明の方法のうち山林樹木がスギ又はヒノキである前記いずれかの方法によれば、スギ又はヒノキの山林樹木挿し木苗の生産において、簡便に水分環境を制御することができる。
本発明の方法のうち挿し穂の栽植密度が約２００本／ｍ２以上である前記いずれかの方法によれば、きわめて高い栽植密度において簡便に水分環境を制御することができる。
In the method of the present invention, watering from the bottom of the soil is performed by immersing the soil in water. According to any of the methods described above, watering from the bottom of the soil can be carried out easily.
In the method of the present invention, the height of the soil to be immersed in water (corresponding to the height from the bottom of the container to the water surface when using a container) is the height of the entire soil (when using a container, the height of the entire container) According to the above method of maintaining 3% or more and 40% or less of (equivalent to), irrigation can be more appropriately performed.
Among the methods of the present invention, according to any one of the above methods wherein the forest trees are cedar or cypress, the water environment can be easily controlled in the production of forest trees cuttings of cedar or cypress.
Among the methods of the present invention, according to any one of the methods described above, in which the planting density of cuttings is about 200 / m 2 or more, the water environment can be easily controlled at a very high planting density.
本発明の方法のうち挿し木育苗を、コンテナを用いて行う前記いずれかの方法によれば、培土の最適な水分状態を均一に保つことにより、水分不足による挿し穂の枯死を大幅に削減することができ、更には頭上からのミスト等による潅水を必要としないため、過湿による挿し穂基部の枯死を大幅に削減することができ、故に得苗率を高め、発根率を均一にすることができるため、山林樹木苗をより簡便かつ効率的に大量に生産することができる。
本発明の方法のうちコンテナがサイドスリット付きのコンテナである前記方法においては、培土乾燥を防ぎつつ、良好な根系を得ることができる。
前記いずれかの本発明の方法により製造される山林樹木挿し木苗は、水分環境を簡便に制御しつつ生産することができる。
Among the methods of the present invention, according to any one of the above-mentioned methods for raising cuttings by using a container, the death of cuttings due to lack of water is significantly reduced by keeping the optimum moisture condition of the culture soil uniform. In addition, it is possible to significantly reduce the death of the cutting base due to excessive humidity, and therefore increase the yield rate and make the rooting rate even, since irrigation with overhead mist is not required. As a result, it is possible to mass produce mountain forest tree seedlings more easily and efficiently.
Among the methods of the present invention, in the above method in which the container is a container with a side slit, a good root system can be obtained while preventing the cultivation and drying.
The forested tree cuttings produced by any of the above-described methods of the present invention can be produced while simply controlling the water environment.
以下に本発明についてさらに詳細に説明する。
前記のとおり、本発明は以下の工程を含む、山林樹木挿し木苗を製造する方法に関する：
（１）発根前の挿し穂を、高密度で培土に栽植する工程；
（２）前記培土の底面から潅水して、前記挿し穂の切り口に水分を供給する工程；及び
（３）挿し穂を発根させ、施設内及び屋外において山林樹木挿し木苗を育苗する工程。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
As mentioned above, the present invention relates to a method of producing a forested cutting of a mountain forest comprising the following steps:
(1) a step of planting the cuttings before rooting in the culture soil at high density;
(2) watering from the bottom of the culture soil, and supplying water to the cut end of the cutting ear; and (3) rooting the cutting ear, and raising the seedlings of a mountain forest cutting inside and outside the facility.
工程（１）
工程（１）は発根前の山林樹木挿し穂を、高密度で培土に栽植する工程である
本発明における山林樹木は限定されないところ、スギ、ヒノキ、クロマツ、カラマツ、エゾマツ等の針葉樹、ミズキ、サクラ、シイ、カシ、カエデ、コナラ、ハンノキ等の広葉樹、その他主として海外で植林される樹種であるアカシア、ユーカリ等が例示される。山林樹木がスギ又はヒノキである本発明の方法は好ましく、スギであるものはより好ましい。
本発明における挿し穂の大きさは限定されず、約２０ｃｍ〜約４０ｃｍであってよい。
本発明において培土の種類は限定されないところ、赤玉土、鹿沼土、ピートモス、ココピートが例示される。培土が、赤玉土主体の培土である本発明の方法は好ましい。また、培土に替えて毛管力に優れた他の媒体（マット材、保水材等）を用いてもよい。したがって、本発明における「培土」には、上記したような毛管力に優れた他の媒体も包含される。
Process (1)
Step (1) is a step of planting forest cuttings at a high density to a rooting soil at a high density. The forest trees in the present invention are not limited, but conifers such as cedar, cypress, black pine, larch, poke, etc. Examples are broad-leaved trees such as cherry, cypress, oak, maple, oak, and alder, and other tree species mainly planted abroad, such as acacia, eucalyptus and the like. The method of the present invention in which the forest trees are cedar or cypress is preferred, and those which are cedar are more preferred.
The size of the cuttings in the present invention is not limited, and may be about 20 cm to about 40 cm.
In the present invention, there are no particular limitations on the type of culture soil, examples of which include Akadama soil, Kanuma soil, peat moss and cocopto. The method of the present invention in which the culture soil is a culture soil based on red egg soil is preferred. Moreover, it may change to a culture soil, and you may use other media (a mat | matte material, a water holding material, etc.) excellent in capillary force. Therefore, the "bed" in the present invention includes other media excellent in capillary force as described above.
本発明における挿し木の時期は限定されず、通常の挿し木が行われる時期に挿し木を行ってよい。例えば九州地方においては３月中旬〜４月中旬に挿し付けられる春挿し、あるいは９月上旬〜１０月中旬に補完的に行われる秋挿しであってよく、冬挿しであってもよい。
本発明の方法において挿し穂の栽植密度は、高密度であれば限定されないところ、約２００本／ｍ２以上は好ましく、約２４０本／ｍ２以上はより好ましく、約３００本／ｍ２以上は一層より好ましい。なお、通常の露地における挿し穂においては、密度は約１００株／ｍ２にすぎない。
The timing of the cutting in the present invention is not limited, and cutting may be performed at the time when a normal cutting is performed. For example, in the Kyushu region, it may be spring cutting inserted in mid-March to mid-April, or autumn cutting performed complementarily in early September to mid-October, or may be winter cutting.
In the method of the present invention, the planting density of cuttings is not limited as long as it is high density, and preferably about 200 lines / m 2 or more, more preferably about 240 lines / m 2 or more, about 300 lines / m 2 or more Even more preferred. In addition, the density is only about 100 strains / m 2 in cuttings in ordinary open fields.
工程（２）
工程（２）は、前記培土の底面から潅水して、前記挿し穂の切り口に水分を供給する工程である。
本工程では、温湿度管理、潅水が目的で通常行われるミストの潅水等は必要ないが、挿し木が行われた直後から約１日〜約７日間は頭上潅水によるミストの潅水を行ってよく、その後の期間においても、場合によっては適宜頭上潅水によるミストの潅水を行ってもよい。
Process (2)
The step (2) is a step of supplying water to the cut end of the cutting ear by watering from the bottom of the culture soil.
In this process, there is no need to control the temperature and humidity, and it is not necessary to use misting, which is usually performed for the purpose of irrigation, but misting may be performed by overhead irrigation from about one day to about seven days immediately after cutting. Also in the subsequent period, depending on the case, the mist may be watered by overhead watering as appropriate.
本発明における「底面から潅水する」とは、通常の頭上潅水とは異なり培土の下方から潅水することを意味し、底面のみからの潅水、底面及び近傍の側面からの潅水、ならびに底面近傍の側面のみからの潅水等が包含される。
かかる潅水により、各挿し穂が水分を利用し得る各培土の含水量を、約４５％〜約６５％に保つ本発明の方法は好ましく、約５０％〜約６５％に保つ本発明の方法はより好ましく、約５０％〜約６０％に保つ本発明の方法は一層より好ましい。
土壌水分量をｐＦ値によって規定するに、ｐＦ値は限定されず、挿し木苗の育苗において通常採用される値であってよい。ｐＦ値が、約１．０〜約２．５に保たれる本発明の方法は好ましく、約１．５〜約２．３に保たれる本発明の方法はより好ましい。
In the present invention, “watering from the bottom” means watering from the bottom of the soil unlike normal overhead watering, and watering only from the bottom, watering from the bottom and near sides, and sides near the bottom Water supply from only
The method of the present invention is preferable in which the water content of each culture medium in which each cutting is able to utilize water content is about 45% to about 65% by such watering, and the method of the present invention is preferably about 50% to about 65% More preferred, the process of the present invention kept at about 50% to about 60% is even more preferred.
The pF value is not limited so that the soil water content is defined by the pF value, and it may be a value that is usually adopted for raising seedlings of cuttings. Methods of the invention in which the pF value is maintained at about 1.0 to about 2.5 are preferred, and methods of the invention in which the pF value is maintained at about 1.5 to about 2.3 are more preferred.
底面から潅水を行う時期・タイミングは、発根が促進されるものであれば限定されない。定期的に、例えば毎日、１日おき又は２日おきに潅水する方法や、培土の乾燥具合を観察して適宜潅水する方法、あるいは挿し付け後一定期間（例えば１〜３ヶ月間）にわたり培土を湛水状態の容器に常時浸漬させる方法が例示される。
定期的に潅水する方法における潅水する方法及び上記適宜潅水する方法における潅水量は限定されず、各挿し穂の切り口部分に十分に水分が与えられる潅水量であればよい。
The timing and timing of watering from the bottom is not limited as long as rooting is promoted. Periodically, for example, daily, every other day or every two days, the method of observing the dryness of the soil and observing the condition of the soil appropriately, or soiling for a fixed period of time (for example, 1 to 3 months) after cutting. The method of always immersing in the container in a flooded state is illustrated.
The amount of irrigation in the method of irrigation periodically and the method of irrigation appropriately described above is not limited, as long as the cut portion of each cutting is sufficiently watered.
培土を常時浸漬させる方法においては、培土を入れた浸水が可能な容器ごと、水を張った容器（プール）に浸漬して培土を浸漬する方法が例示される（図１及び２）。
培土を常時浸漬させる方法においては、水に浸漬される培土の高さ（例えば図１におけるａ。コンテナを用いる場合は、コンテナ底面から水面までの高さに相当）は限定されず、当該高さが培土全体の高さ（例えば図１におけるｂ。コンテナを用いる場合は、コンテナ全体の高さに相当）の約３％以上、約４０％以下に保たれる方法は好ましく、約５％以上、約３５％以下に保たれる方法はより好ましく、約５％以上、約３０％以下に保たれる方法は一層より好ましい。
培土全体の高さが約１５ｃｍの場合は、水に浸漬される培土の高さが約０．７ｃｍ〜約６ｃｍである本発明の方法は好ましい。
水深はプールの面積、培土の表面積、時期等を考慮して適宜調節してよい。また、発根をより効率的に促進するために、潅水量を徐々に低減してもよい。
In the method of always immersing the culture soil, there is exemplified a method of immersing the culture soil by immersing in a container (pool) covered with water every container capable of water immersion containing the culture soil (FIGS. 1 and 2).
In the method of always immersing the soil, the height of the soil to be immersed in water (for example, a in FIG. 1. In the case of using a container, it corresponds to the height from the bottom of the container to the water surface) is not limited. Is preferably about 3% or more and about 40% or less of the total height of the soil (eg, b in FIG. 1, corresponding to the height of the entire container when using a container), preferably about 5% or more, More preferred is a method kept at about 35% or less, and a method kept at about 5% or more and about 30% or less.
In the case where the height of the whole culture soil is about 15 cm, the method of the present invention in which the height of the culture soil immersed in water is about 0.7 cm to about 6 cm is preferable.
The water depth may be adjusted as appropriate in consideration of the area of the pool, the surface area of the soil, time and the like. Also, in order to promote rooting more efficiently, the amount of irrigation may be gradually reduced.
本発明における施設は限定されないところ、通常の温室や実験室ならびに恒温室等を挙げることができる。本発明において、挿し木直後から施設を用いることは好ましい。 Although the facility in the present invention is not limited, ordinary greenhouses, laboratories, temperature-controlled rooms and the like can be mentioned. In the present invention, it is preferable to use the facility immediately after cutting.
本発明の方法において、施設内の温度は、挿し付けされた山林樹木の穂が発根・生育する温度に調節されていればよい。本発明において、温度調節された温度が、夜温１０°Ｃ以上および／または平均温度２０°Ｃ以上３５°Ｃ以下である方法は好ましい。夜温１５°Ｃ以上および／または平均温度２５°Ｃ以上３０°Ｃ以下である方法は、より好ましい。
本発明の方法において、施設内の温度以外の育苗条件は通常の条件を用いることができる。
In the method of the present invention, the temperature in the facility may be adjusted to the temperature at which the spikes of the inserted forest trees grow and grow. In the present invention, a method in which the temperature-controlled temperature is a night temperature of 10 ° C. or more and / or an average temperature of 20 ° C. or more and 35 ° C. or less is preferable. The method having a night temperature of 15 ° C. or more and / or an average temperature of 25 ° C. or more and 30 ° C. or less is more preferable.
In the method of the present invention, conditions for raising seedlings other than the temperature in the facility may be ordinary conditions.
本発明の方法において、施設内の湿度はとくに限定されない。本発明の方法のうち、湿度が調節され、該湿度が相対湿度６０％以上である方法は好ましく、相対湿度７０％以上である方法はより好ましい。
本発明の方法において、他の条件や器具等は、施設を利用した通常の山林樹木挿し木苗を製造する方法におけるものを用いることができる。
本発明の方法において、施設内の光条件はとくに限定されないところ、採穂後の挿し穂の光合成および呼吸活性を抑制するために、施設の遮光が行われる方法は好ましい。遮光が行われる場合、遮光率は、４０％〜５５％が好ましく、４０％〜５０％がより好ましい。
本発明の方法のうち、挿し付け後の穂の生育が、温度条件に加えて湿度条件および光条件が調節された施設内において行われる方法は好ましい。
本発明において、低温期には、プールの水を加温して、例えば夜間における水温を１０℃以上に保つことは好ましく、１５℃以上に保つことはより好ましい。
In the method of the present invention, the humidity in the facility is not particularly limited. Among the methods of the present invention, a method in which the humidity is controlled and the humidity is 60% or more is preferable, and a method in which the relative humidity is 70% or more is more preferable.
In the method of the present invention, other conditions and devices may be used in the method for producing a normal forest wood cutting using a facility.
In the method of the present invention, the light conditions in the facility are not particularly limited, but in order to suppress photosynthesis and respiratory activity of cuttings after ear cutting, a method in which shading of the facility is performed is preferable. When light shielding is performed, the light shielding ratio is preferably 40% to 55%, and more preferably 40% to 50%.
Among the methods of the present invention, preferred is a method in which post-cutting ear growth is carried out in a facility where humidity conditions and light conditions are controlled in addition to temperature conditions.
In the present invention, it is preferable to heat the water of the pool in the low temperature phase, for example, to keep the water temperature at 10 ° C. or more at night, and more preferably to keep it at 15 ° C. or more.
挿し穂を挿し付けした後、該培土の表面を押圧して、培土をより緊密にする本発明の方法は、培土における毛管力を高め、底面から潅水された水分の拡散をより効率的に行うことができるため好ましい。 The method of the present invention for pressing the surface of the culture soil to make the culture soil tighter after cutting the cutting ear increases the capillary force in the culture soil and makes the diffusion of water watered from the bottom more efficient. It is preferable because it can be
本発明の方法のうち、挿し付けをコンテナを用いて行う方法は好ましい。
コンテナとは山林樹木の育苗に用いられる細長形状の容器である。コンテナのサイズは、例えば上径約５ｃｍ、下径約１．５ｃｍ、高さ約１５ｃｍであり、先細りの形状である（図１）。また、コンテナの底部の穴の大きさ、形状も、底部からの潅水による水分をコンテナ内に供給できるものであれば限定されない。
コンテナの形状は限定されず、実質的に四角錐台形状あるいは円錐台形状であってよい。
隣接するコンテナ同士が連結され、数十個の単位で一体化したものはトレイ又は育苗トレイと称されるところ、本発明においてはかかるトレイを用いることができる。
コンテナとして、側面における細い切れ込み部（サイドスリット）を有することは必須ではないが、サイドスリットを有することは好ましい。サイドスリットにより空気根切り（air pruning）がなされ、側根を生じさせることができる。また、リブ付きのコンテナも本発明の方法において好適に用いることができる。
コンテナとしてＢＣＣ社製のもの（商品名：Flexi Flame）や日新農工産業製のもの（３８連樹木用トレイ、商品名：トレイマスター）等が例示されるところ、これらの市販のコンテナは本発明の方法において好適に用いることができる。
Among the methods of the present invention, the method of performing the insertion using a container is preferred.
A container is an elongated container used for raising seedlings of forest trees. The size of the container is, for example, about 5 cm in upper diameter, about 1.5 cm in lower diameter, about 15 cm in height, and has a tapered shape (FIG. 1). Further, the size and shape of the hole at the bottom of the container are not limited as long as the water from the bottom can be supplied into the container.
The shape of the container is not limited, and may be substantially a square frustum shape or a frustum shape.
Although adjacent containers are connected and integrated in units of several tens are called trays or nursery trays, such trays can be used in the present invention.
As a container, it is not essential to have a thin slit (side slit) in the side, but it is preferable to have a side slit. Air pruning can be done by the side slits to produce side roots. Ribbed containers may also be suitably used in the method of the present invention.
Examples of containers made by BCC (trade name: Flexi Flame), those made by Nisshin Agro-Industrial (tray for 38 consecutive trees, trade name: tray master) are exemplified, but these commercially available containers are the present invention Can be suitably used in the method of
工程（３）
工程（３）は、挿し穂を発根させ、施設内及び屋外において山林樹木挿し木苗を育苗する工程である。当該育苗する方法は限定されず、通常の方法で行ってよい。潅水の方法は頭上潅水又は浸漬による潅水を継続してよく、挿し穂が発根した後に、培土の底面からの潅水を行わない本発明の方法は好ましい。したがって、以下の工程を含む、山林樹木挿し木苗を製造する方法は好ましい：
（１）発根前の挿し穂を高密度で培土に栽植する工程；
（２）前記培土の底面から潅水して該培土に浸水せしめ、前記挿し穂の切り口に水分を供給する工程；
（３’）挿し穂を発根させ、発根した後に、培土の底面からの潅水を停止し、頭上潅水を行って前記発根後の挿し穂を施設内及び屋外において山林樹木挿し木苗を育苗する工程。
Process (3)
Step (3) is a step of rooting cuttings and raising seedlings of mountain forest cuttings in a facility and outdoors. The method for raising the seedlings is not limited, and may be carried out by an ordinary method. The method of irrigation may continue irrigation by overhead irrigation or immersion, and the method of the present invention which does not perform irrigation from the bottom of the soil after rooting of cuttings is preferred. Therefore, a method of producing a forested wood cutting, comprising the following steps is preferred:
(1) a step of planting the cuttings before rooting at a high density on the soil;
(2) a step of supplying water from the bottom of the culture soil, soaking the culture soil, and supplying water to the cut end of the cutting ear;
(3 ') After the cuttings are rooted and rooted, the watering from the bottom of the culture soil is stopped, the overhead watering is carried out, and the cuttings after rooting are carried out inside the facility and outdoors to raise the seedlings of mountain trees and trees. Process.
本発明は、上記本発明の方法によって製造される山林樹木挿し木苗にも関する。当該挿し木苗のうち、挿し穂が発根した後に、培土の底面からの潅水を行わない本発明の方法によって製造される挿し木苗は、側根及び細根の発達が促進されるため好ましい。 The present invention also relates to forest cuttings and trees produced by the method of the present invention. Among the cuttings and seedlings, cuttings and saplings produced by the method of the present invention which do not perform watering from the bottom of the culture soil after rooting of cuttings are preferable because development of lateral roots and fine roots is promoted.
実施例によって、本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、これらの実施例はいかなる意味においても本発明を限定するものではない。
（実施例１）浸漬試験
［目的］
コンテナ底部を水に浸漬することにより地下部の水分状態を均一に保つことによる、発根に対する効果の有無を調べる。
［材料と方法］
・試験地：宮崎県
・山林樹木の種類：スギ（品種：アオシマアラカワ）
・穂の形態：穂の形態の違いによる影響を見るため、比較的堅い穂及び比較的柔らかい穂の両方を供試した。穂長を３０ｃｍに調整し、切り口から５ｃｍを培土に挿し付けた。
・挿し付け年月日：２０１２年９月１８日
・処理（培地水分管理）：底面浸水処理区（本発明：水を溜めたバットにコンテナ下部が浸水するように浸漬）及びミスト潅水処理区（対照）を設けた。
・調査内容：同年１１月２７日（挿し付け後７０日目）に生存率及び発根率を調査した。
The invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but these examples do not limit the invention in any way.
Example 1 Immersion Test [Purpose]
Investigate whether there is an effect on rooting by keeping the water condition of the underground part uniform by immersing the container bottom in water.
[Materials and Methods]
-Test site: Miyazaki Prefecture-Type of forestry trees: Sugi (variety: Aoshima Arakawa)
Ear morphology: Both relatively hard ears and relatively soft ears were tested to see the effect of differences in ear morphology. The ear length was adjusted to 30 cm, and 5 cm was inserted into the soil from the cut end.
Date of insertion: September 18, 2012 Treatment (culture medium moisture management): Bottom water treatment area (Invention: Immersion so that the lower part of the container is submerged in a vat filled with water) and mist water treatment area ( Control).
Details of the survey: The survival rate and the rooting rate were investigated on November 27, 2007 (70 days after the insertion).
［結果・考察］
底面浸水処理区（本発明：「底水−柔穂」及び「底水−堅穂」）において、発根が顕著に促進されていた（図３）。目視によれば、これらの底面浸水処理区における発根時期は対照区より約１ヶ月早く、枯死する個体も少なかった。
以上の結果から、本発明の方法は発根を促進する効果を奏することが明らかになった。
[Result / Discussion]
Rooting was significantly promoted in the bottom surface inundation treated area (invention: “bottom water-juho” and “bottom water-hard ear”) (FIG. 3). According to visual observation, the rooting time in these bottom surface inundation treated areas was about one month earlier than that in the control, and there were few dead individuals.
From the above results, it has become clear that the method of the present invention has an effect of promoting rooting.
（実施例２）低温期浸漬試験
［目的］
本発明の方法の低温期における効果を調べる。
［材料と方法］
・試験地：宮崎県
・山林樹木の種類：スギ（品種：不明（山採り穂））
・穂の形態：穂長を３０ｃｍに調整し、切り口から５ｃｍを培土に挿し付けた。
・挿し付け年月日：２０１３年２月４日に挿し付け、底面浸水処理は挿し付けから４月２４日まで行った。
なお、コンテナとしてサイドスリット付きコンテナ（BCC社製：容量１５０ｍｌ）を用いた。
培土配合：赤玉土とピートモスとの混合培土
・処理（培地水分及び夜温管理）：底面浸水処理区（本発明：水を溜めたプールにコンテナ下部が浸水するように浸漬）ならびにミスト管理処理の区（対照）を設けた（表１）。
底面浸水処理区については、底部の浸水を挿し付け後２ヶ月間（４月２４日まで）行い、その後は通常処理の区と同様に頭上潅水のみを行った。
ミスト潅水処理区においては、AM9：00〜PM4：00の間に、１回／時間の割合で潅水を十分に（１分間）行った。
・調査内容：同年５月３１日に生存率及び発根率を調査した。
(Example 2) Low temperature immersion test [purpose]
The effect of the method of the present invention in the low temperature phase is examined.
[Materials and Methods]
・ Test site: Miyazaki Prefecture ・ Type of forestry tree: Sugi (variety: unknown (Yamatori ho))
Ear morphology: The ear length was adjusted to 30 cm, and 5 cm from the cut edge was inserted into the soil.
-Date of insertion: It was inserted on February 4, 2013, and the bottom water immersion treatment was performed from insertion until April 24.
In addition, the container with a side slit (BCC company make: volume 150 ml) was used as a container.
Cultivation mix: Mixed culture of red egg soil and peat moss ・ Treatment (control of medium moisture and night temperature): Bottom surface immersion treatment area (Invention: Immersion in the pool where water is stored so that the lower part of the container is immersed) and mist management treatment A section (control) was established (Table 1).
In the case of the bottom inundation treated area, the bottom was flooded for two months (up to April 24) after the inundation was inserted, and thereafter only overhead irrigation was performed in the same manner as in the normal treated area.
In the mist watering treatment area, watering was sufficiently performed (one minute) at a rate of once per hour between 9:00 AM and 4:00 AM.
Details of the survey: The survival rate and rooting rate were surveyed on May 31, the same year.
［結果・考察］
底面浸水処理区（本発明）においては生存率、発根率ともに高かった（表２）。
したがって、本発明の方法は低温期の挿し付けにおいても発根を促進する効果を奏するとともに、挿し穂の歩留まりを向上せしめることが明らかになった。
The survival rate and the rooting rate were both high in the bottom surface inundation treated area (the present invention) (Table 2).
Therefore, it has been revealed that the method of the present invention has the effect of promoting rooting even in the low temperature season cutting, and at the same time improves the cutting yield.
本発明によれば、山林樹木挿し木苗の発根率が向上するとともに、発根が促進され、挿し付けから発根までの期間、更に植栽までの期間を短縮することができる。したがって、本発明は、山林樹木苗生産業及び関連産業の発展に資するところ大である。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while the rooting rate of a mountain forest tree cutting improves, rooting is accelerated | stimulated and the period from planting to rooting and the period until planting can be shortened. Therefore, the present invention is greatly conducive to the development of the forest and tree seedlings and related industries.
１・・・挿し穂
２・・・コンテナ
３・・・育苗トレイ
４・・・プール（育苗ベンチ）
５・・・水
1 ... cuttings 2 ... container 3 ... seedling tray 4 ... pool (nursery bench)
5 ・ ・ ・ Water
Claims (4)
（１）発根前のスギ、ヒノキ、クロマツ又はカラマツの挿し穂を２００本／ｍ２以上の密度で、底部に穴を有するコンテナに入れた培土に栽植する工程、ここで隣接するコンテナ同士は連結され、数十個の単位で一体化したトレイを形成している；
（２）前記トレイごと水を張った容器に浸漬して前記培土の底面から潅水して、前記挿し穂の切り口に水分を供給する工程；及び
（３’）挿し穂を発根させ、発根した後に、培土の底面からの潅水を停止し、頭上潅水を行って前記発根後の挿し穂を施設内又は屋外においてスギ、ヒノキ、クロマツ又はカラマツの挿し木苗を、前記コンテナを用いて育苗する工程。 A method of producing cuttings of cedar , cypress, black pine or larch, comprising the following steps:
(1) A step of planting a cutting soil of cedar , cypress, black pine or larch at a density of 200 lines / m 2 or more in a container having a hole in the bottom , where adjacent containers Connected to form an integrated tray in dozens of units ;
(2) immersing the whole tray in a container covered with water and irrigating from the bottom of the culture soil, and supplying water to the cut end of the cutting ear; and (3 ′) rooting of the cutting ear, rooting After that, stop watering from the bottom of the culture soil, carry out overhead watering, and raise the cuttings of the cedar , cypress , black pine or larch trees in the facility or outdoors using the container. Process.
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| CN105230261B (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2018-05-15 | 云南民族大学 | A kind of rapid cuttage propagation method of Eupatorium adenophorum in ecology of mining areas reparation |
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| CN106234105A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-21 | 嘉兴御创电力科技有限公司 | The breeding method of sleeping dry type Sabina procumbens |
| JP6751626B2 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2020-09-09 | 住友林業株式会社 | How to grow cuttings of forest trees |
| JP6896252B2 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2021-06-30 | 住友林業株式会社 | How to grow larch plants |
| JP7061864B2 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2022-05-02 | 日本製紙株式会社 | How to produce plant cuttings |
| CN107771546A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-09 | 银川市兴庆区农牧局 | Promote the method for carnation cuttage root-taking |
| KR102183725B1 (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2020-11-27 | 철원군 | Plant propagation method of larch seedlings by planting |
| JP7206155B2 (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2023-01-17 | 住友林業株式会社 | Seedling raising method for larch plant seedlings |
| CN113508694A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-19 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Cuttage seedling raising method for tender branches with leaf frame net container |
| CN111527898A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-08-14 | 辽宁省旱地农林研究所 | Method for cutting and root-forcing of sea-buckthorn hardwood |
| CN117016213A (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-11-10 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for rejuvenating Chinese fir 302 cutting shoots and application |
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