JP6528220B1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6528220B1 JP6528220B1 JP2018086775A JP2018086775A JP6528220B1 JP 6528220 B1 JP6528220 B1 JP 6528220B1 JP 2018086775 A JP2018086775 A JP 2018086775A JP 2018086775 A JP2018086775 A JP 2018086775A JP 6528220 B1 JP6528220 B1 JP 6528220B1
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- liquid crystal
- light guide
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- crystal panel
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133616—Front illuminating devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V15/00—Protecting lighting devices from damage
- F21V15/01—Housings, e.g. material or assembling of housing parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/502—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components
- F21V29/503—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components of light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0081—Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
- G02B6/0086—Positioning aspects
- G02B6/0088—Positioning aspects of the light guide or other optical sheets in the package
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0081—Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
- G02B6/0086—Positioning aspects
- G02B6/0091—Positioning aspects of the light source relative to the light guide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133308—Support structures for LCD panels, e.g. frames or bezels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133308—Support structures for LCD panels, e.g. frames or bezels
- G02F1/133314—Back frames
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133308—Support structures for LCD panels, e.g. frames or bezels
- G02F1/13332—Front frames
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133308—Support structures for LCD panels, e.g. frames or bezels
- G02F1/133331—Cover glasses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/28—Adhesive materials or arrangements
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
- Securing Globes, Refractors, Reflectors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
従来、反射型液晶パネルの表面側に補助光源としてフロントライトを設けた反射型の液晶表示装置が知られている。特許文献1の液晶表示装置では、フロントライトと液晶パネルとを積層するために、フロントケース、リアケース、セルケースの多くの枠状部材を使用するので構造が複雑であった。また、枠状の保護具を更に枠状のセルケース内に収容するため、液晶パネルの周囲を包囲する枠幅が広くなる傾向にあった。その一方で、フロントライトは、薄厚の面材であるため、枠状部材を狭縁として固定強度が低下すると、熱膨張により光源との位置ズレが生じる懸念があった。
図1は、実施の形態1に係る液晶表示装置11の外観斜視図である。実施の形態1に係る液晶表示装置11は、液晶パネル13と、導光板15と、フレーム17と、を主要な構成として有する。
導光板15(アクリル樹脂材)の線膨張係数は、7×10−5/℃
背面フレーム37(アルミ材)の線膨張係数は、2.35×10−5/℃
常温20℃から60℃に温度上昇したときのL寸法の変化量B
B=L×(7−2.35)10−5×(60−20)
LED発光面と一端面31の隙間A(常温時の隙間寸法は0.5mmとする)
A=0.5−B
L=55の場合
B=55×(7−2.35)10−5×(60−20)=0.1023mm
A=0.5−0.1023≒0.4mm
B=269×(7−2.35)10−5×(60−20)=0.500mm
A=0.5−0.5=0
15 導光板
17 フレーム
21 LED
23 反射層
29 表示面
31 一端面
37 背面フレーム
41 LED保持板
45 折曲側板部
47 隣接端面
49 凸部
51 切欠
53 ねじ
55 LED固定板
57 接着層
61 部品収容空間
65 膨出部
67 位置決め部
69 位置決め孔
71 締結具挿通孔
73 先端座面
75 ボス
77 雌ねじ部
Claims (7)
- 表示面と反対の背面に反射層を有する四角形の液晶パネルと、
前記液晶パネルと略同一の四角形で形成されて前記表示面に積層され、一端面から入射した光を乱反射させて前記表示面へ向けて出射させるとともに、前記一端面を挟む一対の端面から外方へ突出する一対の凸部を有する導光板と、
前記液晶パネルと略同一の四角形で形成された背面部に対して垂直に曲がって前記一端面に対向させた光源固定板に前記一端面へ光を入射させる光源が搭載される光源保持板を有し、前記光源固定板を挟む前記背面部の一対の辺部に一対の前記端面に対向する折曲側板部がそれぞれ形成されるとともに、一対の前記折曲側板部には前記凸部が嵌入する切欠が設けられたフレームと、を備える、
液晶表示装置。 - 前記フレームは、それぞれ別体で形成された前記背面部と前記光源保持板とが、締結具により一体に固定される、
請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記光源保持板には、位置決め孔と締結具挿通孔とからなる一対の位置決め部が、前記一端面に沿う方向に離間して設けられ、
前記背面部には、前記光源保持板に向かって張り出して平坦面となった先端座面に、前記位置決め孔に嵌入するボスおよび前記締結具が螺合する雌ねじ部を有する一対の膨出部が設けられる、
請求項2に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記導光板は、前記液晶パネルの前記表示面に接着層を介して密着固定される、
請求項1〜3のうちいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記液晶パネルは、前記導光板に固定され、
前記導光板は、前記背面部に固定される、
請求項4に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記光源保持板が、前記背面部の板厚よりも厚い金属板で形成される、
請求項2〜5のうちいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記背面部と前記光源保持板との間に、部品収容空間が設けられる、
請求項2〜6のうちいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018086775A JP6528220B1 (ja) | 2018-04-27 | 2018-04-27 | 液晶表示装置 |
PCT/JP2019/012242 WO2019208049A1 (ja) | 2018-04-27 | 2019-03-22 | 液晶表示装置 |
US17/080,053 US11067849B2 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2020-10-26 | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018086775A JP6528220B1 (ja) | 2018-04-27 | 2018-04-27 | 液晶表示装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP6528220B1 true JP6528220B1 (ja) | 2019-06-12 |
JP2019191478A JP2019191478A (ja) | 2019-10-31 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2018086775A Expired - Fee Related JP6528220B1 (ja) | 2018-04-27 | 2018-04-27 | 液晶表示装置 |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US11067849B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6528220B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2019208049A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112859409A (zh) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-28 | 捷开通讯(深圳)有限公司 | 显示面板、显示面板组件及电子设备 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1297686A2 (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2003-04-02 | Thomson Licensing S.A. | System, method and apparatus for sandcastle signal generation in a television signal processing device |
CN1399730A (zh) | 2000-07-28 | 2003-02-26 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 液晶显示装置 |
JP3670567B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-12 | 2005-07-13 | シャープ株式会社 | 反射型表示装置および照明装置 |
JP2002162912A (ja) * | 2000-11-24 | 2002-06-07 | Minolta Co Ltd | 面状照明装置及び液晶表示装置 |
JP2002258281A (ja) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-11 | Furuno Electric Co Ltd | 液晶ディスプレイ、輝度調整装置および表示装置 |
JP3901503B2 (ja) | 2001-07-30 | 2007-04-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 液晶表示装置およびその製造方法 |
JP2008305576A (ja) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-18 | Toshiba Matsushita Display Technology Co Ltd | 照明ユニット及びこれを備えた液晶表示装置 |
JP2014174540A (ja) | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-22 | Japan Display Inc | 液晶表示装置 |
KR20160079425A (ko) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 디스플레이 장치 |
CN105259699B (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2018-09-11 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | 液晶显示器及其显示方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-04-27 JP JP2018086775A patent/JP6528220B1/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-03-22 WO PCT/JP2019/012242 patent/WO2019208049A1/ja active Application Filing
-
2020
- 2020-10-26 US US17/080,053 patent/US11067849B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20210055605A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
US11067849B2 (en) | 2021-07-20 |
WO2019208049A1 (ja) | 2019-10-31 |
JP2019191478A (ja) | 2019-10-31 |
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