JP6476029B2 - Grinding machine and grinding method - Google Patents

Grinding machine and grinding method Download PDF

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JP6476029B2
JP6476029B2 JP2015059134A JP2015059134A JP6476029B2 JP 6476029 B2 JP6476029 B2 JP 6476029B2 JP 2015059134 A JP2015059134 A JP 2015059134A JP 2015059134 A JP2015059134 A JP 2015059134A JP 6476029 B2 JP6476029 B2 JP 6476029B2
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grinding
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grindstone
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芳典 福本
芳典 福本
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SHIGIYA MACHINERY WORKS Ltd
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Description

本発明は、研削盤及び研削方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a grinding machine and a grinding method.

トラバース研削は、ワーク保持部上で両端を支持され回転されるワークに対し、砥石を圧接させた状態で、砥石とワークをワークの回転中心軸線に沿って相対移動させる。特に小径長尺ワークのトラバース研削においては、砥石がワークの外周面に圧接されるため、ワークに撓みが生じる。
例えば、特許文献1には、この障害に対処するため、ワークの外周面のうち砥石の接する側とは反対の側に振れ止め体を設けた構成を開示している。
In the traverse grinding, the grindstone and the work are relatively moved along the rotation center axis of the work in a state in which the grindstone is in pressure contact with the work supported at both ends on the work holding portion. In particular, in traverse grinding of a small-diameter long workpiece, since the grindstone is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece, the workpiece is bent.
For example, in order to cope with this obstacle, Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which a steady rest is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece on the side opposite to the side in contact with the grindstone.

特開2007−222999号公報JP 2007-222999 A

振れ止め体を目標径に到達するように所定の押圧でワークに押しつけると、ワークは砥石側へ突出するように撓む。この状態で、砥石をワークの回転中心軸線に沿って、予め決められた範囲を往復移動させるトラバース研削が行われる。このとき、研削の初期段階では砥石とワークが接触する箇所(加工部)と接触しない箇所(未加工部)が発生し、未加工部においても、加工部と同様にトラバース研削するために無駄な時間が生じる。研削が進むにつれ、ワークの撓み量は減少してゆき、目標径に達すると、振れ止め体によるワークの撓みは消失する。
本発明は、このような小径長尺ワークに対してトラバース研削をする過程で生じる無駄な時間を削減し、研削加工時間を短縮することが可能なトラバース円筒研削盤及びトラバース研削方法を提供することを目的とする。
When the steady rest is pressed against the workpiece with a predetermined pressure so as to reach the target diameter, the workpiece is bent so as to protrude toward the grindstone. In this state, traverse grinding is performed in which the grindstone is reciprocated within a predetermined range along the rotation center axis of the workpiece. At this time, in the initial stage of grinding, a portion where the grindstone and the workpiece are in contact with each other (machined portion) and a portion where the workpiece is not in contact (unmachined portion) are generated. Time arises. As grinding progresses, the amount of bending of the work decreases, and when the target diameter is reached, the bending of the work caused by the steady rest disappears.
The present invention provides a traverse cylindrical grinding machine and a traverse grinding method capable of reducing a waste time generated in the process of traverse grinding for such a small-diameter long workpiece and shortening a grinding time. With the goal.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明に係る研削盤は、両端を回転自在に支持された小径長尺のワークに対して、ワークを挟んで砥石に対向する位置にワークを押圧する振れ止め体を備え、ワークの回転中心軸線に沿った方向に前記振れ止め体をワークに相対的に固定した上で、前記砥石を前記回転中心軸線に沿って相対移動するトラバース研削を行う研削盤において、
前記振れ止め体をワークの外周面に前記砥石側に向けて押し当て、
研削開始指示の後、前記砥石を回転作動させてワークと前記砥石との接触/離反状態を検出しながらトラバース研削を開始し、前記ワークを研削する全長範囲の両端点に達したら所定量の切り込み送りを行った後に方向を反転して繰り返してワークと前記砥石の接触を検知しながらトラバース研削を行い、
トラバース研削を繰り返すうちにワークの撓みに起因してワークと前記砥石の接触を検知すると、この接触が継続される期間中トラバース研削し、ワークと前記砥石とが離反したと判断されたときトラバース研削を停止して前記砥石をワークに対して相対的に切り込み送りし、方向を反転させてからトラバース研削することを、以後、切り込み送りが目的位置に達するまで繰り返す移動反転制御部を備えたことを特徴とする
In order to solve the above problems, a grinding machine according to the present invention has a steady-state body that presses a workpiece at a position facing the grindstone across the workpiece with respect to a small-diameter long workpiece that is rotatably supported at both ends. In a grinding machine that performs traverse grinding in which the whetstone is relatively moved along the rotation center axis after the steady rest is relatively fixed to the work in a direction along the rotation center axis of the work,
Press the steady rest against the grindstone side against the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece,
After the grinding start instruction, the grinding wheel is rotated to start traverse grinding while detecting the contact / separation state between the workpiece and the grinding stone. When reaching both end points of the entire length range for grinding the workpiece, a predetermined amount of cut is made. Perform traverse grinding while detecting the contact between the workpiece and the grindstone by repeatedly reversing the direction after feeding
If due to the deflection of the workpiece after repeated traverse grinding detecting contact of the workpiece with the grinding wheel, and the period during traverse grinding this contact is continued, bets can and the workpiece and the grinding wheel is determined to be separated traverse It was equipped with a movement reversal control unit that repeated grinding until the cutting feed reached the target position after grinding was stopped and the grindstone was cut and fed relative to the workpiece and the direction was reversed. Characterized by

本発明に係る研削方法は、両端を回転自在に支持された小径長尺のワークに対して、ワークを挟んで砥石に対向する位置にワークを押圧する振れ止め体を備え、ワークの回転中心軸線に沿った方向に前記振れ止め体をワークに対して相対的に固定した上で、前記砥石を前記回転中心軸線に沿って相対移動するトラバース研削を行う研削盤の研削方法において、
前記振れ止め体をワークの外周面に前記砥石側に向けて押し当て、
研削開始指示の後、前記砥石を回転作動させてワークと前記砥石との接触/離反状態を検出しながらトラバース研削を開始し、前記ワークを研削する全長範囲の両端点に達したら所定量の切り込み送りを行った後に方向を反転して繰り返してワークと前記砥石の接触を検知しながらトラバース研削を行い、
トラバース研削を繰り返すうちにワークの撓みに起因してワークと前記砥石の接触を検知すると、この接触が継続される期間中トラバース研削し、ワークと前記砥石とが離反したと判断されたときトラバース研削を停止して前記砥石をワークに対して相対的に切り込み送りし、方向を反転させてからトラバース研削することを、以後、切り込み送りが目的位置に達するまで繰り返すことを特徴とする。

A grinding method according to the present invention includes a steady-state body that presses a workpiece at a position facing a grindstone across the workpiece with respect to a small-diameter long workpiece that is rotatably supported at both ends. In the grinding method of the grinding machine for performing the traverse grinding in which the whetstone is relatively moved along the rotation center axis line after the steady rest is fixed relative to the workpiece in the direction along
Press the steady rest against the grindstone side against the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece,
After the grinding start instruction, the grinding wheel is rotated to start traverse grinding while detecting the contact / separation state between the workpiece and the grinding stone. When reaching both end points of the entire length range for grinding the workpiece, a predetermined amount of cut is made. Perform traverse grinding while detecting the contact between the workpiece and the grindstone by repeatedly reversing the direction after feeding
If due to the deflection of the workpiece after repeated traverse grinding detecting contact of the workpiece with the grinding wheel, and the period during traverse grinding this contact is continued, bets can and the workpiece and the grinding wheel is determined to be separated traverse The grinding is stopped , the grindstone is cut and fed relative to the workpiece, the traverse grinding is performed after the direction is reversed, and thereafter the cutting feed is repeated until the cutting feed reaches a target position .

本発明によれば、振れ止め体が押し付けられて撓んだ小径長尺ワークのトラバース研削において、研削開始当初は、砥石を回転させたトラバース研削を全長範囲の両端点の間で行い、ワークと砥石の接触を検知すると、全長範囲の両端点の間でのトラバース研削ではなく、接触が継続される期間中トラバース研削し、ワークと砥石とが離反したと判断されたときトラバース研削を停止して砥石をワークに対して相対的に切り込み送りすることにより、小径長尺のワークの研削加工時間を短縮することができる。According to the present invention, in traverse grinding of a small-diameter long workpiece that is deflected by the steady rest being pressed, at the beginning of grinding, traverse grinding by rotating a grindstone is performed between both end points of the entire length range, When contact with the grinding wheel is detected, traverse grinding is not performed between the end points of the entire length range, but traverse grinding is performed for the duration of contact, and traverse grinding is stopped when it is determined that the workpiece and the grinding wheel have separated. By grinding and feeding the grindstone relative to the workpiece, the grinding time of the small-diameter and long workpiece can be shortened.

実施例1によるトラバース円筒研削盤を示す平面図である。1 is a plan view showing a traverse cylindrical grinder according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 上記研削盤の振れ止め体周辺を右側から見た側面視説明図である。It is side view explanatory drawing which looked at the steady rest body periphery of the said grinding machine from the right side. ワーク研削時の処理及び作動を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows the process and operation | movement at the time of workpiece | work grinding. ワークを研削するときのワークに対する砥石の移動を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the movement of the grindstone with respect to a workpiece | work when grinding a workpiece | work. 上記研削盤の検出部から出力された検出波形を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the detection waveform output from the detection part of the said grinding machine. 実施例2の研削盤を示す平面図である。6 is a plan view showing a grinding machine of Example 2. FIG. 実施例3の研削盤によるワークに対する砥石の移動軌跡を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the movement locus | trajectory of the grindstone with respect to the workpiece | work by the grinding machine of Example 3. FIG.

本発明の実施の形態について次の実施例により、図面を参照して説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図1は本実施例に係る研削盤100を示す平面図である。
研削盤100は、床面に定置される基礎台1、基礎台1の前側の上面に配設されたワーク保持部2、基礎台1の後側の上面に配設された砥石保持部3、及び制御部4を備えている。ワーク保持部2は、作業テーブル5、主軸台6、心押台7及び振れ止め体8などで形成されている。
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a grinding machine 100 according to the present embodiment.
The grinding machine 100 includes a base 1 placed on the floor, a work holding unit 2 disposed on the upper surface on the front side of the base 1, a grindstone holding unit 3 disposed on the upper surface on the rear side of the base 1, And a control unit 4. The work holding unit 2 is formed of a work table 5, a headstock 6, a tailstock 7, a steadying body 8, and the like.

作業テーブル5は案内軌道(図示せず)によりZ軸方向の移動可能に支持され、Z軸サーボモータ9によりZ軸方向へ移動される。主軸台6は作業テーブル5の左側に設置されてあって、Z軸方向の主軸6aと、主軸6aと同心に配設された主軸センタ6bを具備している。 The work table 5 is supported by a guide track (not shown) so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and is moved in the Z-axis direction by a Z-axis servo motor 9. The headstock 6 is installed on the left side of the work table 5, and includes a spindle 6a in the Z-axis direction and a spindle center 6b disposed concentrically with the spindle 6a.

心押台7は作業テーブル5の上面にZ軸方向の位置変更可能に装設された本体部7a、本体部7aにZ軸方向の変位可能に保持された心押軸7b、心押軸7bの先部にこれと同心に保持された心押センタ7c、及び、心押軸7bをZ軸方向に移動させるための操作ハンドル7dなどを具備している。 The tailstock 7 has a main body portion 7a mounted on the upper surface of the work table 5 so that the position of the tailstock 7 can be changed, a tailstock shaft 7b held on the main body portion 7a so as to be displaceable in the Z-axis direction, and a tailstock shaft 7b. A tip end center 7c held concentrically therewith, and an operation handle 7d for moving the tailstock shaft 7b in the Z-axis direction are provided.

砥石保持部3は砥石台10、砥石モータ11、軸受部12、支持駆動軸13及び砥石14を具備している。砥石台10は基礎台1の上面に形成された図示しない案内軌道により研削方向(X軸方向)に移動可能に支持され、基礎台1に固定されたX軸サーボモータ19により砥石台10はX軸方向へワークWに対して相対的に移動される。砥石モータ11及び軸受部12は砥石台10に設けられている。支持駆動軸13は軸受部12に保持され砥石モータ11により回転する。砥石14は円筒状の研削面を有するもので支持駆動軸13の左端箇所に同心状に固定されている。 The grindstone holding unit 3 includes a grindstone base 10, a grindstone motor 11, a bearing portion 12, a support drive shaft 13, and a grindstone 14. The grinding wheel base 10 is supported by a guide track (not shown) formed on the upper surface of the foundation base 1 so as to be movable in the grinding direction (X-axis direction), and the grinding wheel base 10 is supported by the X-axis servo motor 19 fixed to the foundation base 1. It is moved relative to the workpiece W in the axial direction. The grinding wheel motor 11 and the bearing portion 12 are provided on the grinding wheel base 10. The support drive shaft 13 is held by the bearing portion 12 and is rotated by the grindstone motor 11. The grindstone 14 has a cylindrical grinding surface and is concentrically fixed to the left end portion of the support drive shaft 13.

制御部4は検出部16、コンピュータ数値制御装置4a及びモータ駆動ユニット(MDU)を備えており、コンピュータ数値制御装置4aはワークWを自動的にトラバース研削するための各部の作動を制御するトラバース研削制御部4a1として機能し、MDUはコンピュータ数値制御装置4aから出力されるパルス信号によりZ軸サーボモータ9及びX軸サーボモータ19を動作させる。 The control unit 4 includes a detection unit 16, a computer numerical control device 4a, and a motor drive unit (MDU). The computer numerical control device 4a controls traverse grinding for automatically controlling the operation of each unit for traverse grinding the workpiece W. The MDU functions as the control unit 4a1 and operates the Z-axis servo motor 9 and the X-axis servo motor 19 by a pulse signal output from the computer numerical control device 4a.

移動反転制御部15は、トラバース研削中に砥石14とワークWのZ軸方向の移動反転の位置を制御する。移動反転制御部15は、砥石モータ11を駆動する電流の電流値を測定し、測定した検出波形を平均化してノイズ除去を行う検出部16と、検出部16から伝達された検出波形により砥石14とワークWとがワークWの撓みに起因して離反したことを判別する判別部17と、Z軸上において砥石14をワークWに対して相対的に移動させるトラバース送りの方向を判別部17の出力に対応して反転させる反転実行部18からなっている。砥石モータ11の電流値を測定する代わりに、AEセンサを支持駆動軸13の中心箇所に埋設させたり、砥石台10に設置したりして、音波により研削状態を測定しても良い。この場合、AEセンサの検出した弾性波に対応する検出波形を検出部16で平均化し、判別部17はこの平均化された検出波形の変化により、砥石14がワークWを殆ど研削しない或いは完全に相対的に離れたと判断されるときに、離反状態であると判別する。反転実行部18は判別部17により離反状態であるとの判断が伝達されることにより、ワークWに対する砥石14のトラバース送りの方向を逆転させる。これら判別部17及び反転実行部18は予め図示しない入力部から必要なプログラムを入力されたコンピュータ数値制御装置4aにより形成されるものである。尚、砥石14がワークWを殆ど研削しない或いは完全に相対的に離れたと判断する際の要件として、イレギュラーな誤動作を防ぐために、離れたとの判断に時間的な要件を導入することもできる。 The movement reversal control unit 15 controls the position of movement reversal in the Z-axis direction of the grindstone 14 and the workpiece W during traverse grinding. The movement reversal control unit 15 measures the current value of the current that drives the grindstone motor 11, averages the measured detection waveform to remove noise, and the grindstone 14 by the detection waveform transmitted from the detection unit 16. And the discriminating portion 17 for discriminating that the workpiece W is separated from the workpiece W due to the deflection of the workpiece W, and the traverse feed direction for moving the grindstone 14 relative to the workpiece W on the Z-axis. An inversion execution unit 18 for inversion corresponding to the output is provided. Instead of measuring the current value of the grindstone motor 11, an AE sensor may be embedded in the central portion of the support drive shaft 13 or installed on the grindstone table 10, and the grinding state may be measured by sound waves. In this case, the detection waveform corresponding to the elastic wave detected by the AE sensor is averaged by the detection unit 16, and the discrimination unit 17 causes the grindstone 14 to hardly grind the workpiece W or completely due to the change in the averaged detection waveform. When it is determined that they are separated relatively, it is determined that they are separated. The reversal execution unit 18 reverses the traverse feed direction of the grindstone 14 with respect to the workpiece W when the determination unit 17 transmits the determination that the workpiece is separated. The discriminating unit 17 and the inversion executing unit 18 are formed by the computer numerical control device 4a in which a necessary program is input in advance from an input unit (not shown). As a requirement for judging that the grindstone 14 hardly grinds the workpiece W or is completely separated, a time requirement can be introduced in the judgment of the separation in order to prevent irregular malfunction.

図2は振れ止め体8の周辺を右側から見た側面視説明図である。振れ止め体8は作業テーブル5に固定された本体部8a、本体部8aにX軸方向の摺動変位可能に保持された押圧部8b、押圧部8bを弾力で砥石保持部3側へ押圧する圧縮バネ8c、圧縮バネ8cの弾力を変更操作するための第1操作部8d1、及び、砥石保持部3側へ向かう押圧部8bの変位の限界位置を調整するための第2操作部8d2を具備している。なお、本実施例ではワークWの外周面を支持する支持部8eが第3操作部8d3による高さ変更可能に付加されている。本実施例の研削盤100は、作業テーブル5が主軸台6、心押台7及び振れ止め体8を搭載した状態で、砥石14に対してZ軸サーボモータ9によりZ軸方向に移動している。このタイプは、作業テーブルをトラバースするタイプの研削盤として知られているが、他方、砥石をトラバースするタイプの研削盤も存在している。砥石をトラバースするタイプの研削盤では、砥石保持部をZ軸方向に移動させる機構を有しており、砥石保持部をZ軸方向に移動させ、なおかつX軸サーボモータ19によりX軸方向に移動させる。本発明は、そのようなタイプの研削盤に適用しても良いことは明らかである。 FIG. 2 is a side view explanatory view of the periphery of the steady rest 8 viewed from the right side. The steady rest 8 presses the main body 8a fixed to the work table 5, the pressing portion 8b held by the main body 8a so as to be slidable in the X-axis direction, and the pressing portion 8b toward the grindstone holding portion 3 with elasticity. A compression spring 8c, a first operation portion 8d1 for changing the elasticity of the compression spring 8c, and a second operation portion 8d2 for adjusting the limit position of the displacement of the pressing portion 8b toward the grindstone holding portion 3 are provided. doing. In the present embodiment, a support portion 8e that supports the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W is added so that the height can be changed by the third operation portion 8d3. The grinding machine 100 of the present embodiment is moved in the Z-axis direction by the Z-axis servomotor 9 with respect to the grindstone 14 with the work table 5 mounted with the headstock 6, the tailstock 7 and the steady rest 8. Yes. This type is known as a grinder that traverses a work table, but there is also a grinder that traverses a grindstone. The grinding machine that traverses the grindstone has a mechanism that moves the grindstone holder in the Z-axis direction, moves the grindstone holder in the Z-axis direction, and moves it in the X-axis direction by the X-axis servo motor 19. Let Obviously, the present invention may be applied to such types of grinding machines.

次に円筒外周面を有するワークWをトラバース研削する場合における制御部4の処理について説明する。図3は制御部4の処理フロー図であり、図4は研削盤100でワークWを研削するときのワークWに対する砥石14の移動を示す説明図である。図5には砥石モータ11の電流値(検出波形L1)、これを検出部16により平均化した検出波形L2が示されている。各検出波形L1、L2において横軸はワークWのZ軸方向の位置を表し、縦軸は信号レベル(電流値)を表している。判別部17は、この検出波形L2において、信号レベルが所定の閾値を超えている範囲を砥石14がワークを研削している状態の範囲内(図中、t1の範囲)であると判断し、信号レベルが所定の閾値以下の信号レベルの場合を砥石14がワークから離れている/或いは実質的に研削が行われていない状態を離反している状態の範囲内(図中、t2の範囲)であると判断し、範囲t1から範囲t2に信号レベルが変化した位置t3を、砥石14とワークWとが実質的に離反状態となった位置であると判別する。 Next, processing of the control unit 4 when traversing a workpiece W having a cylindrical outer peripheral surface will be described. FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of the control unit 4, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the movement of the grindstone 14 relative to the workpiece W when the workpiece W is ground by the grinding machine 100. FIG. 5 shows a current value (detection waveform L1) of the grinding wheel motor 11 and a detection waveform L2 obtained by averaging the current value by the detection unit 16. In each detection waveform L1, L2, the horizontal axis represents the position of the workpiece W in the Z-axis direction, and the vertical axis represents the signal level (current value). In this detection waveform L2, the determination unit 17 determines that the range in which the signal level exceeds a predetermined threshold is within the range where the grindstone 14 is grinding the workpiece (the range of t1 in the figure). When the signal level is a signal level equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold, within the range where the grindstone 14 is separated from the workpiece / or separated from the state where the grinding is not substantially performed (range t2 in the figure). It is determined that the position t3 where the signal level has changed from the range t1 to the range t2 is a position where the grindstone 14 and the workpiece W are substantially separated from each other.

まず、研削盤100には、砥石14の切り込み送りとトラバース送りとが交互に繰り返される間欠トラバース研削により研削加工を行わせるための準備を行う。
コンピュータ数値制御装置4aの図示しない入力部から図示しない記憶部に、間欠トラバース研削のために必要な研削加工用のプログラムや各種のデータ、及び、移動反転制御部15を作動させるために必要なプログラムやデータを入力して記憶させる。作業者は、ワークWの両端を主軸センタ6b及び心押センタ7cに支持させ、主軸6aの回転をワークWに伝達するための回転伝達具a1を装着する。そして、振れ止め体8の第1及び第2操作部8d1、8d2を操作し、押圧部8bの先端面をワークWの外周面に適当な押圧で圧接する。この際、作業テーブル5上における振れ止め体8のZ軸方向の位置はワークWのZ軸方向研削領域b1のZ軸方向長さの中央に位置させるのがよい。しかし、これに限定するものではない。
First, the grinder 100 is prepared to perform grinding by intermittent traverse grinding in which the cutting feed and traverse feed of the grindstone 14 are alternately repeated.
From an input unit (not shown) of the computer numerical control device 4a to a storage unit (not shown), a grinding program and various data necessary for intermittent traverse grinding, and a program necessary for operating the movement reversal control unit 15 Enter and store data. An operator supports both ends of the workpiece W on the spindle center 6b and the tailstock center 7c, and wears a rotation transmission tool a1 for transmitting the rotation of the spindle 6a to the workpiece W. Then, the first and second operation portions 8 d 1 and 8 d 2 of the steady rest 8 are operated to press the tip end surface of the pressing portion 8 b against the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W by appropriate pressing. At this time, the position of the steady rest 8 on the work table 5 in the Z-axis direction is preferably located at the center of the Z-axis direction length of the Z-axis grinding region b1 of the workpiece W. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

また押圧部8bをワークWに圧接させることにより、ワークWは図4に示すように後側c1へ向け凸状に撓むが、このときの撓みはワークWの研削取り代(図2中の符号d1で示す大きさ)を越えるものであってはならない。また押圧部8bはワークWに対する押圧の大きさの大小に拘わらず、研削終了時のワークWの仮想外周面(図2中に仮想線で示す円e1であって主軸台6と同心のもの)の内方にまで到達するものであってはならない。研削盤100に対して、振れ止め体8の第2操作部8d2は、砥石保持部3側へ向かう押圧部8bの変位の限界位置を設定する。 Further, when the pressing portion 8b is brought into pressure contact with the workpiece W, the workpiece W bends in a convex shape toward the rear side c1 as shown in FIG. 4, but the bending at this time is the machining allowance of the workpiece W (in FIG. 2). (The size indicated by the symbol d1) must not be exceeded. The pressing portion 8b is a virtual outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W at the end of grinding (a circle e1 indicated by an imaginary line in FIG. 2 and concentric with the headstock 6) regardless of the size of the pressing force on the workpiece W. Must not reach the inside. For the grinding machine 100, the second operating portion 8d2 of the steady rest 8 sets the limit position of the displacement of the pressing portion 8b toward the grindstone holding portion 3 side.

研削開始が指示されると、研削盤100はトラバース研削のために必要な作動を開始する。すなわち、後退位置に位置した砥石14が待機位置に移動され、図4に示すように、その左端面14aが研削領域b1の左側の端点b01に正対し、かつX方向に所定距離だけ離れたトラバース研削開始位置に移動される。 When the start of grinding is instructed, the grinding machine 100 starts an operation necessary for traverse grinding. That is, the grindstone 14 located in the retracted position is moved to the standby position, and as shown in FIG. 4, the left end surface 14a faces the left end point b01 of the grinding region b1 and is separated by a predetermined distance in the X direction. It is moved to the grinding start position.

ステップS1において、トラバース研削を行う。まず、砥石14はトラバース研削開始位置から右方へ向けて予め入力されたデータによる送り速度で移動される。砥石14は非研削状態での移動中であっても、回転作動しているため砥石モータ11の電流値は比較的小さいレベルで検出され、その出力を検出波形L1として検出部16に伝達する。 In step S1, traverse grinding is performed. First, the grindstone 14 is moved from the traverse grinding start position to the right at a feed rate based on data input in advance. Even when the grindstone 14 is moving in a non-grinding state, the current value of the grindstone motor 11 is detected at a relatively small level because it is rotating, and the output is transmitted to the detector 16 as a detection waveform L1.

砥石14はZ軸方向研削領域b1の全長範囲間でZ軸方向に移動し、研削領域b1のb02に到達したら(ステップS3)、予め入力されたデータの大きさだけX軸方向の切り込み送りが実行され送り方向を反転する(ステップS4)。砥石14がX軸方向で目的位置に達していなければ(ステップS5)、端点b01に向けて移動する(ステップS1)。これを繰り返して往復移動する。 The grindstone 14 moves in the Z-axis direction between the entire length range of the Z-axis direction grinding region b1 and reaches b02 of the grinding region b1 (step S3), and the cutting feed in the X-axis direction is performed by the amount of data inputted in advance. This is executed to reverse the feed direction (step S4). If the grindstone 14 has not reached the target position in the X-axis direction (step S5), it moves toward the end point b01 (step S1). This is repeated to reciprocate.

往復移動を繰り返すうち、砥石14は研削範囲の左側端点b01から右側端点b02へ移動される途中でワークWと接触したとすると、これを判別部17(ステップS2の処理)が検出する。以後、この接触が継続される期間中、ワークWの外周面を研削する。ワークWは振れ止め体8の押圧により既述したように砥石14側へ向け凸状に撓んでいるため、砥石14がワークWのZ軸方向研削領域b1の右側の端点b02に到達する前にワークWから離れるか或いは単に接触はしているが研削が実質行われない状態となる。このことは、検出波形L1を検出波形L2に平均化して、図5(1)の右図の検出波形L2のように研削状態である範囲t1から離反状態である範囲t2に移るように変化することで検出される。判別部17は、ステップS6において、範囲t1から範囲t2に変化した位置t3においてワークWに対し砥石14が離反したことを検出し、この位置t3を表す信号を反転実行部18に伝達する。 If the grindstone 14 comes into contact with the workpiece W while moving from the left end point b01 to the right end point b02 in the grinding range while repeating the reciprocating movement, the determination unit 17 (processing in step S2) detects this. Thereafter, the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W is ground during the period in which this contact is continued. Since the workpiece W is bent convexly toward the grindstone 14 as described above by the pressing of the steady rest 8, before the grindstone 14 reaches the right end point b02 of the Z-axis grinding region b1 of the workpiece W. The workpiece W is separated from the workpiece W or is simply in contact with the workpiece W, but grinding is not substantially performed. This changes so that the detection waveform L1 is averaged to the detection waveform L2, and the range t1 in the ground state is shifted to the range t2 in the separation state as shown in the detection waveform L2 in the right diagram of FIG. Is detected. In step S <b> 6, the determination unit 17 detects that the grindstone 14 has moved away from the workpiece W at the position t <b> 3 changed from the range t <b> 1 to the range t <b> 2 and transmits a signal representing the position t <b> 3 to the inversion execution unit 18.

ステップS4において、反転実行部18は図4中に符号f1で示すように、位置t3にある砥石14を予め定められた大きさだけX軸方向へ切り込み送りさせ、ワークWに対する砥石14の相対的なZ軸上の移動方向を逆転させる。尚、このとき反転実行部18は、X軸方向へ切り込み送りする前に、若干、Z方向のトラバースを進めておいてから、X軸方向へ切り込み送りしても良い。次にステップS5に移行し、砥石14がX軸方向の目的位置に到達したか否かが判断され、否であればステップS1に戻り、トラバース研削の作動が続行される。 In step S4, the reversing execution unit 18 cuts and feeds the grindstone 14 at the position t3 in the X-axis direction by a predetermined size as indicated by reference numeral f1 in FIG. The direction of movement on the Z axis is reversed. At this time, the reversing execution unit 18 may slightly advance the traverse in the Z direction before cutting and feeding in the X-axis direction, and then cut and feed in the X-axis direction. Next, the process proceeds to step S5, where it is determined whether or not the grindstone 14 has reached the target position in the X-axis direction. If not, the process returns to step S1 and the traverse grinding operation is continued.

上記の処理に従って、砥石14がワークWに対し相対的な往復移動を繰り返す過程において、検出波形L1と検出波形L2は、研削が進むにつれ、図5(1)から図5(4)に示すように変化する。すなわち、砥石14の切り込み送りの総量が大きくなるほどワークWの撓み形状との関係からワーク研削状態の範囲t1が長くなる。そして砥石14がX軸方向の目的位置に到達すると、図5(4)に示すように、軸方向研削領域b1の全領域において、離反状態t2となり、ワークWの研削は終了する。 In the process in which the grindstone 14 repeats reciprocating relative to the workpiece W in accordance with the above processing, the detected waveform L1 and the detected waveform L2 are as shown in FIGS. 5 (1) to 5 (4) as grinding progresses. To change. That is, as the total amount of cutting feed of the grindstone 14 increases, the workpiece grinding state range t1 becomes longer from the relationship with the bending shape of the workpiece W. When the grindstone 14 reaches the target position in the X-axis direction, as shown in FIG. 5 (4), the entire state of the axial grinding region b1 becomes the separation state t2, and the grinding of the workpiece W is finished.

図3のフローにおいて、ステップS2とステップS6を除去したフローがトラバース研削制御部4a1(図1)に対応する。移動反転制御部15は、ステップS2とステップS6に対応している。トラバース研削制御部4a1だけで処理を行えば、研削盤100は、研削領域b1である端点b01とb02を往復して研削することになる。これに対して、移動反転制御部15(又はステップS2とステップS6)を有することで、砥石14がワークWを有効に研削しない状態でトラバースする動きを削減し、研削加工時間を短縮することができる。 In the flow of FIG. 3, the flow from which Step S2 and Step S6 are removed corresponds to the traverse grinding control unit 4a1 (FIG. 1). The movement reversal control unit 15 corresponds to step S2 and step S6. If the processing is performed only by the traverse grinding control unit 4a1, the grinding machine 100 reciprocally grinds the end points b01 and b02 which are the grinding region b1. On the other hand, by having the movement reversal control unit 15 (or step S2 and step S6), it is possible to reduce the movement of the grindstone 14 traversing in a state where the workpiece W is not effectively ground, and to shorten the grinding time. it can.

上記のような砥石14とワークWの相対変位による研削加工によれば砥石14とワークWの非接触状態による無駄な砥石14の移動である空研削が回避され、効率的な研削が行われるようになる。本実施例では、砥石14とワークWとの接触状態の判別は砥石モータ11の電流値を検出することにより行ったが、砥石14の支持駆動軸13を回転作動させる力の変化を力センサで検出することによって、接触状態の判別を行っても良い。或いは、撮像装置などの光学的センサにより、砥石14とワークWとの接触/離反を光学的な処理により求めても良い。 According to the grinding process based on the relative displacement between the grindstone 14 and the workpiece W as described above, empty grinding, which is a wasteful movement of the grindstone 14 due to the non-contact state between the grindstone 14 and the workpiece W, is avoided, and efficient grinding is performed. become. In the present embodiment, the contact state between the grindstone 14 and the workpiece W is determined by detecting the current value of the grindstone motor 11. However, the force sensor is used to change the force that rotates the support drive shaft 13 of the grindstone 14. The contact state may be determined by detection. Alternatively, contact / separation between the grindstone 14 and the workpiece W may be obtained by optical processing using an optical sensor such as an imaging device.

次に実施例2について説明する。図6は実施例2に係る研削盤101である。実施例1では振れ止め体8を1個設けたが、実施例2ではそれを複数、設けている。この場合、先の実施例1の場合と同様に、全ての振れ止め体8の押圧によるワークWの撓みがワークWの研削取り代d1(図2参照)を越えないようにする。振れ止め体8の数は奇数とするのが好く、これにより砥石14に向けて1つの山を持った凸状の体勢にワークWを維持することが容易になる。 Next, Example 2 will be described. FIG. 6 shows a grinding machine 101 according to the second embodiment. In the first embodiment, one steady rest 8 is provided. In the second embodiment, a plurality of the steady rests 8 are provided. In this case, as in the case of the first embodiment, the deflection of the workpiece W due to the pressing of all the steady rests 8 is prevented from exceeding the grinding allowance d1 (see FIG. 2) of the workpiece W. The number of the steady rests 8 is preferably an odd number, and this makes it easy to maintain the workpiece W in a convex posture with one peak toward the grindstone 14.

実施例2ではワークWのZ軸方向研削領域b1のZ軸方向全長を4分割し、各分割位置g1、g2、g3に振れ止め体8を位置させている。しかし、これに限定するものではない。このような状態とした変形例研削盤101によりワークWを研削する場合の処理及び作動のフローは図3に示すものと変わりない。この場合も、ワークWの撓みは振れ止め体8の押圧により図6に点線h1で示すように砥石14側へ凸状となるように調整される。 In the second embodiment, the entire length in the Z-axis direction of the Z-axis direction grinding region b1 of the workpiece W is divided into four, and the steady rest 8 is positioned at each of the divided positions g1, g2, and g3. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The processing and operation flow when the workpiece W is ground by the modified grinding machine 101 in such a state is the same as that shown in FIG. Also in this case, the deflection of the workpiece W is adjusted so as to be convex toward the grindstone 14 as shown by the dotted line h1 in FIG.

図7は、実施例3による、研削範囲が複数存在する円筒状ワークWに対する砥石14の移動軌跡を示す説明図である。実施例1との変更点は、研削範囲以外の箇所においては、砥石14が一旦待避動作をし、その後研削時よりも高速に次の研削範囲に移動し、復帰するように制御されている点である。 FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a movement locus of the grindstone 14 with respect to the cylindrical workpiece W having a plurality of grinding ranges according to the third embodiment. The difference from Example 1 is that the grindstone 14 is temporarily retracted at a place other than the grinding range, and then is controlled so as to move to the next grinding range at a higher speed than during grinding and return. It is.

まず砥石14は、研削範囲b10において、符号i3で示すように研削を行う。端点b12に到ると、符号i10で示すように砥石は待避される。待避された砥石14は研削範囲b20に向けて符号i1で示すように高速に移動する。研削範囲b20の端点b21に到ると、砥石14は符号i20で示すように復帰し研削(符号i2)を始める。砥石14がワークWから離反したことを検出すると、砥石14をX軸方向に所定量前進させ、トラバース研削の方向を反転して、研削範囲b20の研削を行う。 First, the grindstone 14 performs grinding as indicated by the symbol i3 in the grinding range b10. When the end point b12 is reached, the grindstone is retracted as indicated by reference numeral i10. The retracted grindstone 14 moves at high speed toward the grinding range b20 as indicated by reference numeral i1. When the end point b21 of the grinding range b20 is reached, the grindstone 14 returns and starts grinding (reference i2) as indicated by the reference i20. When it is detected that the grindstone 14 has separated from the workpiece W, the grindstone 14 is advanced by a predetermined amount in the X-axis direction, the traverse grinding direction is reversed, and grinding in the grinding range b20 is performed.

研削範囲b20の端点b21に到ると、砥石は待避される。待避された砥石14は研削範囲b10に向けて符号i1で示すように高速に移動する。砥石14は研削範囲b10の端点b12に復帰し、研削範囲b10の研削を行う。そして、砥石14が研削範囲b10、研削範囲b20のX軸方向目標位置に到達したらワークWの研削を終了する。 When the end point b21 of the grinding range b20 is reached, the grindstone is retracted. The retracted grindstone 14 moves at a high speed toward the grinding range b10 as indicated by reference numeral i1. The grindstone 14 returns to the end point b12 of the grinding range b10 and performs grinding in the grinding range b10. When the grindstone 14 reaches the target position in the X-axis direction of the grinding range b10 and the grinding range b20, the grinding of the workpiece W is finished.

上記実施例においては、円筒形のワークWを例として示したが、円錐台のワークWでも同様である。振れ止め体8において、砥石保持部3側へ向かう押圧部8bの変位の限界位置を設定しているため、ワークWが目標の形状に達していない限りにおいては、円筒形であっても円錐台であっても撓んでいる状態であり、ワークWが目標の形状に達した段階で、撓みが消失し、砥石14は研削を行わない状態になるからである。 In the above embodiment, the cylindrical workpiece W is shown as an example, but the same applies to the truncated cone workpiece W. In the steady rest 8, since the limit position of the displacement of the pressing portion 8 b toward the grindstone holding portion 3 is set, the truncated cone is not limited to the cylindrical shape as long as the workpiece W does not reach the target shape. Even in this state, it is in a state of bending, and when the workpiece W reaches the target shape, the bending disappears and the grindstone 14 is not ground.

W ワーク
100 研削盤
1 基礎台
2 ワーク保持部
3 砥石保持部
4 制御部
5 作業テーブル
6 主軸台
7 心押台
8 振れ止め体
9 Z軸サーボモータ
10 砥石台
14 砥石
15 移動反転制御部
19 X軸サーボモータ

W Work 100 Grinding machine 1 Base stand 2 Work holding part 3 Grinding wheel holding part 4 Control part 5 Work table 6 Spindle base 7 Tailstock 8 Stabilizer 9 Z-axis servo motor 10 Grinding wheel base 14 Grinding wheel 15 Movement reversal control part 19 X Axis servo motor

Claims (5)

両端を回転自在に支持された小径長尺のワークに対して、ワークを挟んで砥石に対向する位置にワークを押圧する振れ止め体を備え、ワークの回転中心軸線に沿った方向に前記振れ止め体をワークに相対的に固定した上で、前記砥石を前記回転中心軸線に沿って相対移動するトラバース研削を行う研削盤において、
前記振れ止め体をワークの外周面に前記砥石側に向けて押し当て、
研削開始指示の後、前記砥石を回転作動させてワークと前記砥石との接触/離反状態を検出しながらトラバース研削を開始し、前記ワークを研削する全長範囲の両端点に達したら所定量の切り込み送りを行った後に方向を反転して繰り返してワークと前記砥石の接触を検知しながらトラバース研削を行い、
トラバース研削を繰り返すうちにワークの撓みに起因してワークと前記砥石の接触を検知すると、この接触が継続される期間中トラバース研削し、ワークと前記砥石とが離反したと判断されたときトラバース研削を停止して前記砥石をワークに対して相対的に切り込み送りし、方向を反転させてからトラバース研削することを、以後、切り込み送りが目的位置に達するまで繰り返す移動反転制御部を備えたことを特徴とする研削盤。
A small-diameter and long workpiece supported at both ends, with a steady-state body that presses the workpiece at a position facing the grindstone across the workpiece, and the steady-state in the direction along the rotation center axis of the workpiece In a grinding machine for performing traverse grinding in which the grindstone is relatively moved along the rotation center axis after the body is relatively fixed to the workpiece,
Press the steady rest against the grindstone side against the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece,
After the grinding start instruction, the grinding wheel is rotated to start traverse grinding while detecting the contact / separation state between the workpiece and the grinding stone. When reaching both end points of the entire length range for grinding the workpiece, a predetermined amount of cut is made. Perform traverse grinding while detecting the contact between the workpiece and the grindstone by repeatedly reversing the direction after feeding
If due to the deflection of the workpiece after repeated traverse grinding detecting contact of the workpiece with the grinding wheel, and the period during traverse grinding this contact is continued, bets can and the workpiece and the grinding wheel is determined to be separated traverse It was equipped with a movement reversal control unit that repeated grinding until the cutting feed reached the target position after grinding was stopped and the grindstone was cut and fed relative to the workpiece and the direction was reversed. A grinding machine characterized by
前記接触/離反状態は、前記砥石の支持駆動軸を回転作動させる砥石モータの電流値の変化により検出されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のトラバース円筒研削盤。
The traverse cylindrical grinder according to claim 1, wherein the contact / separation state is detected by a change in a current value of a grindstone motor that rotationally operates a support drive shaft of the grindstone.
前記接触/離反状態は、前記砥石によるワークの研削時に生じる研削音の変化により検出されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のトラバース円筒研削盤。
The traverse cylindrical grinder according to claim 1, wherein the contact / separation state is detected by a change in grinding sound generated when the workpiece is ground by the grindstone.
前記接触/離反状態は、前記砥石の支持駆動軸を回転作動させる力の変化により検出されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のトラバース円筒研削盤。
2. The traverse cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein the contact / separation state is detected by a change in a force for rotating the support driving shaft of the grindstone.
両端を回転自在に支持された小径長尺のワークに対して、ワークを挟んで砥石に対向する位置にワークを押圧する振れ止め体を備え、ワークの回転中心軸線に沿った方向に前記振れ止め体をワークに対して相対的に固定した上で、前記砥石を前記回転中心軸線に沿って相対移動するトラバース研削を行う研削盤の研削方法において、
前記振れ止め体をワークの外周面に前記砥石側に向けて押し当て、
研削開始指示の後、前記砥石を回転作動させてワークと前記砥石との接触/離反状態を検出しながらトラバース研削を開始し、前記ワークを研削する全長範囲の両端点に達したら所定量の切り込み送りを行った後に方向を反転して繰り返してワークと前記砥石の接触を検知しながらトラバース研削を行い、
トラバース研削を繰り返すうちにワークの撓みに起因してワークと前記砥石の接触を検知すると、この接触が継続される期間中トラバース研削し、ワークと前記砥石とが離反したと判断されたときトラバース研削を停止して前記砥石をワークに対して相対的に切り込み送りし、方向を反転させてからトラバース研削することを、以後、切り込み送りが目的位置に達するまで繰り返すことを特徴とする研削方法。
A small-diameter and long workpiece supported at both ends, with a steady-state body that presses the workpiece at a position facing the grindstone across the workpiece, and the steady-state in the direction along the rotation center axis of the workpiece In a grinding method of a grinding machine for performing traverse grinding in which the grindstone is relatively moved along the rotation center axis after fixing the body relative to the workpiece,
Press the steady rest against the grindstone side against the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece,
After the grinding start instruction, the grinding wheel is rotated to start traverse grinding while detecting the contact / separation state between the workpiece and the grinding stone. When reaching both end points of the entire length range for grinding the workpiece, a predetermined amount of cut is made. Perform traverse grinding while detecting the contact between the workpiece and the grindstone by repeatedly reversing the direction after feeding
If due to the deflection of the workpiece after repeated traverse grinding detecting contact of the workpiece with the grinding wheel, and the period during traverse grinding this contact is continued, bets can and the workpiece and the grinding wheel is determined to be separated traverse A grinding method characterized in that grinding is stopped , the grindstone is cut and fed relative to the workpiece, and traverse grinding is performed after reversing the direction until the cutting feed reaches a target position .
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