JP6468628B2 - Combustion control method and combustion control system - Google Patents
Combustion control method and combustion control system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 101150054854 POU1F1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、ピットに収容されている焼却物を焼却炉で燃焼する燃焼制御方法および燃焼制御システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a combustion control method and a combustion control system for burning an incinerated product accommodated in a pit in an incinerator.
都市ごみ焼却炉の運転は、図１の太線の範囲において運転が可能である。一般的にごみ質は、低質ごみ（ごみの低位発熱量の低いごみ）から高質ごみ（ごみの低位発熱量の高いごみ）まである。焼却負荷率は、ごみ質に応じて７０％〜１１５％が一般的である。 The municipal waste incinerator can be operated within the range of the thick line in FIG. Generally, the waste quality ranges from low-quality waste (garbage with low low calorific value of garbage) to high-quality waste (garbage with low low calorific value of waste). The incineration load factor is generally 70% to 115% depending on the waste quality.
一般的に、焼却されるごみは、そのごみ質が季節や収集品目によって大きく変動する。そのため燃焼を安定させるために、ピット（ごみピット）でごみを混合、攪拌して、ごみ質を均一化処理した後で、焼却炉へそのごみ（ごみ質を均一化したごみ）を投入する。安定焼却をさせるため（図１の太線の範囲内での運転を維持させるため）、ごみ質の均一化が通常行われている。 In general, the quality of waste to be incinerated varies greatly depending on the season and the items collected. Therefore, in order to stabilize the combustion, after mixing and stirring the dust in the pits (garbage pits), the waste quality is homogenized, and then the waste (waste with uniform waste quality) is put into the incinerator. In order to achieve stable incineration (in order to maintain the operation within the range of the thick line in FIG. 1), the waste quality is usually made uniform.
また、近年、ごみ焼却処理場は、ごみを安定して焼却する機能に加えて、ごみを焼却処理して得られるエネルギーを発電電力として有効利用するエネルギー創出工場としての役割がある。必要な発電電力をごみ焼却により得ることが求められており、その発電電力は電力需要によって変化する。電力需要は、例えば夜間よりも昼間のほうが大きく、休日と平日、季節によっても大きく変動する。その需要に応じてごみ焼却による発電量を幅広く変動させることができれば、エネルギー創出工場としての役割を強化できる。 In addition, in recent years, the waste incineration plant has a role as an energy creation factory that effectively uses the energy obtained by incineration of garbage as generated power in addition to the function of stably incinerating waste. It is required to obtain necessary generated power by waste incineration, and the generated power varies depending on the power demand. The electric power demand is larger in the daytime than at night, for example, and fluctuates greatly depending on holidays, weekdays, and seasons. If the amount of power generated by waste incineration can be varied widely according to the demand, the role as an energy creation factory can be strengthened.
従来では、ごみピットにおいて、ごみ質が均一になるように攪拌することを最優先させているため、ごみの発電量（＝ボイラ蒸発量）の多寡は焼却処理量の多寡により決定される。例えば、電力需要の少ない夜間には焼却処理量を少なくして対応する。すなわち図１の焼却可能範囲において図の上下方向（焼却負荷率方向）に変動させて運転対応する。 Conventionally, since the highest priority is given to stirring the waste pit so that the quality of the waste becomes uniform, the amount of power generation (= boiler evaporation) of the waste is determined by the amount of incineration. For example, the night time when power demand is low can be handled by reducing the amount of incineration. That is, in the incineration possible range of FIG. 1, the operation is handled by changing the vertical direction (incineration load factor direction) in the figure.
特許文献１は、メタンガス化施設から発生する選別残渣と脱水残渣等と焼却物として焼却する際に、焼却物のごみ質を均一化するために選別残渣と脱水残渣を攪拌混合し貯留することを記載している。また、特許文献２は、ピット内を区画に分割し、区画ごとのごみ質を記憶しておき、次のごみ投入の際に、前回投入したごみ質に近い位置のごみを選択して投入することで燃焼を安定させることを記載している。
従来ごみピットは、図４に示す通り、その役割に応じて、受入エリア、混合・攪拌エリア、投入エリア（投入前の貯留エリア）に分け、収集車等で搬入されたごみを受入エリアで受入れ、受け入れたごみをクレーンで混合・攪拌エリアに積み替えるとともに、混合攪拌エリアでごみのごみ質が均一になるように十分攪拌する。攪拌後のごみを投入エリアにクレーンで積み替え、移動させてから焼却炉に投入する。 As shown in Fig. 4, the conventional waste pit is divided into a receiving area, a mixing / stirring area, and a loading area (storage area before loading) according to its role, and the garbage carried by the collection vehicle is received in the receiving area. Then, load the received waste into the mixing / stirring area with a crane, and stir it thoroughly in the mixing / stirring area so that the quality of the waste is uniform. After the agitation, the waste is transferred to the input area with a crane and moved to the incinerator.
すなわち従来では、ごみ質の幅広い性状のごみをピット全体において均質になるように混合・攪拌していた。このように、ごみ質を均一にすることを前提にして、電力需要に応じて焼却負荷量を変動させてごみ発電量を変化させる従来の発電量の負荷変動に対する焼却炉の運転方法は、電力需要の変動に十分に対応しているとは言い難い。 In other words, conventionally, dust having a wide range of waste quality has been mixed and stirred so as to be uniform throughout the pit. As described above, assuming that the waste quality is uniform, the incinerator operating method with respect to the load fluctuation of the conventional power generation amount that changes the waste power generation amount by changing the incineration load amount according to the power demand is It is hard to say that they are fully responding to fluctuations in demand.
ごみピットに貯留されたごみを燃料ととらえ、その燃料を効率よく発電（焼却処理）するために、発電量（＝ボイラの蒸発量）の変動幅を大きくとることができれば、需要への対応性が高まる。しかし、従来の均質なごみの投入量を変動させた運転では、発電量の変動幅（蒸発量大きく変動させる運転）が十分とは言えない。 In order to treat the waste stored in the waste pit as fuel and generate the fuel efficiently (incineration), if the fluctuation range of the power generation amount (= boiler evaporation) can be made large, it will be able to meet demand. Will increase. However, in the conventional operation in which the amount of input of uniform waste is varied, it cannot be said that the fluctuation range of the power generation amount (operation in which the evaporation amount is greatly varied) is sufficient.
そこで、上記問題に鑑みて、本発明は、ピット内において、性状の異なる焼却物を敢えて作ることで、電力の需要変動に好適に対応した焼却物（ごみ）の燃焼制御方法および燃焼制御システムを提供することを目的とする。 Accordingly, in view of the above problems, the present invention provides an incineration (garbage) combustion control method and a combustion control system that are suitable for power demand fluctuation by intentionally creating incinerators having different properties in a pit. The purpose is to provide.
本発明は、ピットに収容されている焼却物を焼却炉で燃焼する燃焼制御方法であって、
前記ピット内に、第１性状の範囲の第１焼却物と第２性状の範囲の第２焼却物とが少なくとも存在し、
電力需要に応じて、前記第１焼却物および／または前記第２焼却物を前記焼却炉へ投入し燃焼制御する。
The present invention is a combustion control method for burning an incinerated product accommodated in a pit in an incinerator,
In the pit, there is at least a first incinerated product in the first property range and a second incinerated product in the second property range,
The first incinerated product and / or the second incinerated product are put into the incinerator in accordance with electric power demand, and combustion control is performed.
この構成によって、電力需要に応じて、性状の異なる焼却物を選択して投入することが可能になり、発電量の多寡を図１の焼却可能範囲（太線）において、図の左右方向（ごみ質）に変動させた運転を行うことができる。例えば、電力需要の大きい日中の時は、発熱量の大きいごみ（焼却物）を燃焼するように制御し、電力需要の小さい夜間の時は、発熱量の小さいごみ（焼却物）を燃焼するように制御できる。また、売電単価の高い昼間に発電量を大きくすることができる。 According to this configuration, it becomes possible to select and incinerate incinerated products with different properties according to the power demand, and the amount of power generation within the incineration possible range (thick line) in FIG. ) Can be changed. For example, during the daytime when electricity demand is high, control is performed so that waste (incineration) with large calorific value is combusted, and during nighttime when power demand is small, garbage (incineration material) with small calorific value is combusted. Can be controlled. In addition, the amount of power generation can be increased during the daytime when the power selling unit price is high.
また、第１焼却物または第２焼却物の一方だけを、連続的に燃焼させる制御方法に限定されない。単位時間あたりの平均発電量（ボイラ蒸発量、電力量）または所定のタイミングでの発電量の測定結果に応じて、第１焼却物および／または第２焼却物の単位時間当たりの投入量を変動させる制御をすることもできる。また、単位時間あたりの平均発電量を確保するために、第１焼却物または第２焼却物を、連続的に、ランダムにまたは交互に焼却炉へ投入するように制御することもできる。後述する第３、第４焼却物が存在していても同様の考えで投入制御、投入量制御ができる。 Moreover, it is not limited to the control method which burns only one of a 1st incineration thing or a 2nd incineration thing continuously. Depending on the average power generation amount (boiler evaporation, power amount) per unit time or the measurement result of power generation amount at a predetermined timing, the input amount per unit time of the first incineration product and / or the second incineration product varies It can also be controlled. Moreover, in order to ensure the average electric power generation amount per unit time, it can also control so that a 1st incinerator or a 2nd incinerator may be thrown into an incinerator continuously, randomly or alternately. Even if third and fourth incinerators to be described later exist, it is possible to control the input and the input amount with the same idea.
上記発明の実施形態において、前記ピット内に、第ｎ性状の範囲の第ｎ焼却物が存在し（ｎ＝３、４、・・）、電力需要に応じて、前記第１焼却物、前記第２焼却物および前記第ｎ焼却物の内から１または２種類以上を前記焼却炉へ投入し燃焼制御する。 In the embodiment of the invention, the n-th incineration within the range of the n-th property exists in the pit (n = 3, 4,...), And the first incineration, One or more of the two incinerated products and the n-th incinerated product are put into the incinerator to control combustion.
この構成は、第１焼却物および第２焼却物の他に、第３性状の範囲の第３焼却物、第４性状の範囲の第４焼却物などもピット内に存在する構成である。性状の異なる範囲の焼却物が多いほど、電力需要の大きな変動にも素早く追従した燃焼制御が可能になる。 In this configuration, in addition to the first incinerated product and the second incinerated product, a third incinerated product in the range of the third property, a fourth incinerated product in the range of the fourth property, and the like are also present in the pit. The more incinerated products with different properties, the faster the combustion control can follow the large fluctuations in power demand.
上記発明の実施形態において、前記ピットは、焼却物を受け入れる第１エリアおよび当該第１エリアの近傍に配置される第２エリアを少なくとも有し、前記第２エリアは前記焼却物の第ｎ性状の範囲に応じた第ｎ分割部を有し（ｎ＝１，２，３・・・）、前記焼却物の性状に応じて、前記焼却物を前記第１エリアから前記第ｎ分割部へ搬送し、前記第１分割部に前記第１焼却物を、前記第ｎ分割部に前記第ｎ焼却物を配置する。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the pit has at least a first area for receiving an incinerated product and a second area arranged in the vicinity of the first area, and the second area has an nth property of the incinerated product. It has an n-th division part corresponding to the range (n = 1, 2, 3,...), And conveys the incinerated product from the first area to the n-th division part according to the properties of the incinerated product. The first incinerated product is disposed in the first divided portion, and the nth incinerated material is disposed in the nth divided portion.
この構成では、第１エリアの焼却物（ごみ）をその性状（ごみ質）に応じて、２以上の分割部を有する第２エリアのいずれかの分割部に搬送することで、性状の異なる範囲の焼却物を作ることができる。 In this configuration, the incinerated product (garbage) in the first area is transported to one of the divided parts of the second area having two or more divided parts according to the property (garbage quality), thereby having different properties. Can make incinerators.
焼却物の性状の測定方法（測定装置）は、例えば、焼却物を受入エリアに搬入する時にクレーンまたはピット天井に取り付けられた撮像装置による画像処理、クレーンでごみを掴んだ時に計測される重量および体積から算出される比重（クレーンで掴んだ時の予め設定される体積、重量計で計測される重量、水分量（例えば非接触型水分計で測定）の内１種類または２種類以上のデータに基づいて、ごみの発熱量（予測値）を、情報処理装置を用いて算出することができる。また、算出された発熱量にさらに、実験値または実稼働の値を考慮して発熱量を補正設定することもできる。例えば、第２エリアは第１分割部、第２分割部、第３分割部を有する。第１分割部は第１発熱量範囲、第２分割部は第２発熱量範囲、第３分割部は第３発熱量範囲に設定され、クレーンで掴んだ焼却物の発熱量に応じて、対応する発熱量範囲の分割部へ当該焼却物をクレーンでそのまま搬送する。 Methods for measuring the properties of incinerated materials (measuring devices) include, for example, image processing with an imaging device attached to a crane or pit ceiling when carrying incinerated materials into a receiving area, weight measured when grabbing garbage with a crane, and Specific gravity calculated from the volume (preset volume when gripped with a crane, weight measured with a weigh scale, moisture content (for example, measured with a non-contact type moisture meter)) or one or more types of data Based on this, the heat generation amount (predicted value) of the waste can be calculated using an information processing device, and the calculated heat generation amount is further corrected in consideration of experimental values or actual operation values. For example, the second area includes a first division unit, a second division unit, and a third division unit, where the first division unit is a first heating value range and the second division unit is a second heating value range. The third divided part is the third calorific value. Is set to enclose, in accordance with the amount of heat generated caught a crane incinerated, directly conveyed the incinerated by a crane to the division of the corresponding heating value range.
上記発明の実施形態において、第１エリアの焼却物から、低質の焼却物（低ごみ質の焼却物）をクレーンで第２エリアの低質エリア部（第１分割部）に搬送する。第１エリアの焼却物から、高質の焼却物（高ごみ質の焼却物）をクレーンで第２エリアの高質エリア部（第２分割部）に搬送する。ごみ質を低質と高質の２種類に区分けする。 In the embodiment of the present invention, a low-quality incineration product (low-incineration incineration product) is conveyed from the incineration product in the first area to the low-quality area unit (first division unit) in the second area by a crane. A high-quality incineration product (a high-quality incineration product) is transported from the incineration product in the first area to a high-quality area unit (second division unit) in the second area by a crane. The waste quality is divided into two types: low quality and high quality.
また、別の実施形態において、第１エリアの焼却物から、低質の焼却物（低ごみ質の焼却物）をクレーンで第２エリアの低質エリア部（第１分割部）に搬送する。第１エリアの焼却物から、基準質の焼却物（基準ごみ質の焼却物）をクレーンで第２エリアの基準エリア部（第３分割部）に搬送する。第１エリアの焼却物から、高質の焼却物（高ごみ質の焼却物）をクレーンで第２エリアの高質エリア部（第２分割部）に搬送する。ごみ質を低質、基準、高質の３種類に区分けする。例えば、低質エリア部の発熱量の範囲は、例えばＨｕ＜７２５０ｋＪ／ｋｇ未満、基準エリア部の発熱量範囲は、例えば７２５０ｋＪ／ｋｇ≦Ｈｕ＜８７５０ｋＪ／ｋｇ、高質エリア部の発熱量範囲は、例えば８７５０ｋＪ／Ｋｇ≦Ｈｕである。別例として、焼却物の発熱量に応じて４つ以上の区分けもできる。 In another embodiment, a low-quality incineration product (low-incineration incineration product) is transported from the incineration product in the first area to the low-quality area unit (first division unit) in the second area by a crane. A standard quality incineration product (standard waste quality incineration product) is transported from the incineration product in the first area to a reference area unit (third division unit) in the second area by a crane. A high-quality incineration product (a high-quality incineration product) is transported from the incineration product in the first area to a high-quality area unit (second division unit) in the second area by a crane. The waste quality is divided into three types: low quality, standard, and high quality. For example, the calorific value range of the low-quality area part is, for example, less than Hu <7250 kJ / kg, the calorific value range of the reference area part is, for example, 7250 kJ / kg ≦ Hu <8750 kJ / kg, and the calorific value range of the high-quality area part is For example, 8750 kJ / Kg ≦ Hu. As another example, according to the calorific value of an incineration thing, four or more division can also be performed.
焼却物の性状は、発熱量が挙げられるが、その代替として、水分や物理組成(例えば、紙類、プラスチック類、厨芥ごみ等の比率)が挙げられる。 Although the calorific value is mentioned as the property of the incinerated product, as an alternative, moisture and physical composition (for example, ratio of papers, plastics, garbage, etc.) can be mentioned.
また、上記発明の実施形態において、前記第１エリア、第２エリアに加え第３エリアを有し、前記第２エリアの前記第ｎ分割部にある焼却物を前記第3エリアへクレーンで搬送し、所望の焼却物の性状の範囲（発熱量の範囲）になるように、当該第３エリアで当該焼却物を混合する。 Further, in the embodiment of the invention described above, a third area is provided in addition to the first area and the second area, and the incinerated material in the n-th divided portion of the second area is transported to the third area by a crane. Then, the incinerated product is mixed in the third area so as to be in a desired property range (a range of calorific value) of the incinerated product.
例えば、第２エリアの第ｎ分割部（ｎ＝１、２、・・）の焼却物の内、１種類または２種類以上の分割部にある焼却物を第３エリアにクレーンで搬送し、平らに載置し、順次積層していく。このように積層することで、複数の焼却物を混合する。すなわち、所定の発熱量（性状）になるように第３エリアへの搬送および混合を行える。例えば、低質エリア（第１分割部）の低質ごみと基準エリア（第３分割部）の基準ごみをそれぞれ第３エリアにクレーンで搬送し混合を行い、基準ごみより低いごみ質のごみ（低質ごみよりも高いごみ質のごみ）を製造できる。高質エリア（第２分割部）の高質ごみと基準エリア（第３分割部）の基準ごみをそれぞれ第３エリアにクレーンで搬送し混合を行い、基準ごみより高いごみ質のごみ（高質ごみよりも低いごみ質のごみ）を製造できる。 For example, among the incinerated products in the n-th divided part (n = 1, 2,...) In the second area, the incinerated material in one or more divided parts is transported to the third area by a crane and flattened. Are stacked in sequence. By laminating in this way, a plurality of incineration products are mixed. That is, conveyance to the third area and mixing can be performed so as to achieve a predetermined calorific value (characteristic). For example, low quality waste in the low quality area (first division) and standard waste in the standard area (third division) are each transported to the third area with a crane and mixed to produce waste with lower quality than the standard waste (low quality waste) Higher quality garbage). High quality waste in the high quality area (2nd division) and standard waste in the standard area (3rd division) are each transported to the 3rd area with a crane and mixed. It is possible to manufacture waste with a lower quality than waste).
また、上記発明の実施形態において、前記第ｎ分割部における焼却物の性状の範囲を予め設定し、前記予め設定された焼却物の性状の範囲になるように、前記第１エリアから前記第ｎ分割部へ前記焼却物をクレーンで搬送し、混合する Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the range of the property of the incinerated product in the n-th division part is set in advance, and the range of the property of the incinerated product is set from the first area to the nth Carry the incinerated material to the dividing section with a crane and mix
例えば、第１エリアから焼却物を運ぶ際に、予め設定された焼却物の性状の範囲（発熱量の範囲が低い範囲、基準範囲、高い範囲など）になるようにクレーンで搬送および混合を行うことで、低質のごみを製造し、または高質のごみを製造できる。例えば、第１回搬送の第１焼却物の第１発熱量を算出し、この第１発熱量がどの分割部の発熱量範囲内かを判定し、クレーンが、判定された分割部へ搬送する、例えば、第１分割部へ搬送し平らに載置する。次いで、第２回搬送の第２焼却物の第２発熱量を算出し、この第２発熱量がどの分割部の発熱量範囲内かを判定し、クレーンが、判定された分割部へ搬送する。発熱量の算出と判定は情報処理装置、専用装置などで構成できる。例えば、第１分割部へ搬送し第１焼却物の上に積層する。このように積層することで、第１焼却物と第２焼却物を混合する。そして、混合した第１、第２焼却物の発熱量は、両者の発熱量の平均値になる。この平均値は第１分割部に設定された発熱量の範囲内である。 For example, when carrying an incinerated product from the first area, it is conveyed and mixed with a crane so that it falls within a predetermined property range of the incinerated product (a range of low calorific value, a reference range, a high range, etc.) Thus, it is possible to produce low-quality waste or high-quality waste. For example, the first calorific value of the first incinerated product of the first conveyance is calculated, it is determined which divided part the calorific value range is within the first calorific value, and the crane conveys it to the determined divided part. For example, it is transported to the first division unit and placed flat. Next, the second calorific value of the second incinerated product of the second conveyance is calculated, it is determined which calorific value range the second calorific value is within, and the crane conveys it to the determined divided part. . The calculation and determination of the heat generation amount can be configured by an information processing device, a dedicated device, or the like. For example, it conveys to a 1st division part, and laminates | stacks on a 1st incineration thing. By laminating in this way, the first incineration product and the second incineration product are mixed. And the calorific value of the mixed 1st and 2nd incinerated thing becomes an average value of both calorific value. This average value is within the range of the calorific value set in the first division section.
他の本発明は、焼却物を受け入れる第１エリアと、前記第１エリアの近傍に配置される第２エリアとを少なくとも有するピットと、焼却物を搬送するクレーンと、前記焼却物の性状を検出する検出部と、前記焼却物を燃焼する焼却炉と、を備える焼却炉の燃焼制御システムであって、
前記第２エリアは、第１性状の範囲の第１焼却物が置かれる第１分割部と、第２性状の範囲の第２焼却物が置かれる第２分割部とを少なくとも有し、
前記検出部で検出された性状に応じて、前記第１エリアから前記焼却物を、第１分割部または第２分割部へ搬送するように前記クレーンを制御する第１クレーン制御部と、
電力需要に応じて、前記第１焼却物および／または前記第２焼却物を前記焼却炉へ投入するように前記クレーンを制御する第２クレーン制御部と、を備える。
In another aspect of the present invention, a pit having at least a first area for receiving an incinerated product, a second area arranged in the vicinity of the first area, a crane for conveying the incinerated product, and a property of the incinerated product are detected. A combustion control system for an incinerator, comprising:
The second area has at least a first divided part in which a first incinerated product in a first property range is placed and a second divided part in which a second incinerated material in a second property range is placed,
A first crane control unit that controls the crane to convey the incinerated material from the first area to the first division unit or the second division unit according to the property detected by the detection unit;
A second crane control unit that controls the crane so that the first and / or the second incinerated product is put into the incinerator according to electric power demand.
この構成によって、検出部で検出された性状に応じて、第１エリアから焼却物（ごみ）を、第１分割部または第２分割部へ搬送し、電力需要に応じて、第１焼却物および／または第２焼却物を焼却炉へ投入することができる。すなわち、電力需要に応じて、性状の異なる焼却物を選択して投入することが可能になり、発電量の多寡を図１の焼却可能範囲（太線）において、図の左右方向（ごみ質）に変動させた運転を行うことができる。 With this configuration, the incinerated product (garbage) is transported from the first area to the first dividing unit or the second dividing unit according to the property detected by the detecting unit, and the first incinerated product and the / Or a 2nd incineration thing can be thrown into an incinerator. That is, it becomes possible to select and incinerate incinerators with different properties according to the power demand, and the amount of power generation in the incineration possible range (thick line) in FIG. 1 in the horizontal direction (garbage quality) in the figure. The operation can be changed.
前記検出部は、例えば、焼却物を受入エリアに搬入する時にクレーンまたはピット天井に取り付けられた撮像装置（ごみの画像を検出する）、クレーンでごみを掴んだ時のごみ重量を計測する重量計、ごみの水分量を測定する非接触型水分計、中性子水分計などが挙げられる。 The detection unit is, for example, an image pickup device (detects an image of garbage) attached to a crane or a pit ceiling when carrying incinerated materials into a receiving area, a weighing scale that measures the weight of garbage when the garbage is grabbed by the crane Non-contact type moisture meters, neutron moisture meters, and the like that measure the moisture content of garbage are included.
前記第１クレーン制御部は、情報処理装置を備える。情報処理装置は、ごみを撮像し画像処理した画像と、クレーンで掴んだ時のごみ重量およびごみ体積から算出した比重と、水分計で得られた水分値の内１種類または２種類以上のデータに基づいて、ごみの発熱量（予測値）を算出する。情報処理装置は、画像処理機能、比重算出機能も兼ね備えていてもよい。 The first crane control unit includes an information processing device. The information processing device captures and processes the image of the waste, the specific gravity calculated from the waste weight and waste volume when gripped by the crane, and one or more kinds of data among the moisture values obtained by the moisture meter. Based on the above, the calorific value (predicted value) of the waste is calculated. The information processing apparatus may also have an image processing function and a specific gravity calculation function.
上記発明の実施形態において、前記第２エリアは、第ｎ性状の範囲の第ｎ焼却物が置かれる第ｎ分割部を有し（ｎ＝３、４、・・）、前記第１クレーン制御部は、前記検出部で検出された性状に応じて、前記第１エリアから前記焼却物を、第１分割部、第２分割部または第ｎ分割部へ搬送するように前記クレーンを制御し、前記第２クレーン制御部は、電力需要に応じて、前記第１焼却物、前記第２焼却物および第ｎ焼却物の内から１または２種類以上を前記焼却炉へ投入し燃焼制御する。 In the embodiment of the invention described above, the second area has an n-th divided portion (n = 3, 4,...) In which the n-th incinerated product in the n-th property range is placed, and the first crane control unit. Controls the crane to convey the incinerated material from the first area to the first division unit, the second division unit, or the n-th division unit according to the property detected by the detection unit, A 2nd crane control part throws into the said incinerator one or 2 or more types from the said 1st incineration thing, the said 2nd incineration thing, and an nth incineration according to electric power demand, and controls combustion.
上記発明の実施形態において、前記ピットが、前記第１エリア、第２エリアに加えて第３エリアをさらに有し、前記第１クレーン制御部は、前記第２エリアの前記第ｎ分割部にある焼却物を前記第３エリアへ搬送し、所望の性状の範囲の焼却物を生成するように前記クレーンを制御する。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the pit further includes a third area in addition to the first area and the second area, and the first crane control unit is in the n-th division unit of the second area. The crane is controlled so that the incinerated product is transported to the third area and an incinerated product having a desired property range is generated.
上記発明の実施形態において、前記検出部の結果を表示し、かつクレーンの動きを指示する表示部を有する。この構成によって、ごみ画像、比重、水分値、発熱量などの値をモニターに表示させることで、クレーン操作者が、性状を判断し、第１エリアの燃焼物を第２エリアのどの分割部へ搬送するかを決定できる。 In the embodiment of the invention described above, a display unit that displays the result of the detection unit and instructs the movement of the crane is provided. With this configuration, values such as a garbage image, specific gravity, moisture value, and calorific value are displayed on the monitor, so that the crane operator can judge the property and send the combustibles in the first area to any divided part in the second area. Decide whether to transport.
（実施形態１）
本発明に係る実施形態１の燃焼制御方法およびシステムについて説明する。図２はピット１の利用形態の平面図である。ピット１は、ごみ（焼却物）を受け入れる受入エリア（第１エリア）１１と、受入エリア１１に隣接して配置される貯留エリア（第２エリア）１２と、受入エリア１１から遠位でかつ貯留エリア１２の近位にある混合エリア（第３エリア）１３を有する。クレーン（不図示）は、１台に限定されず、複数台設置され、第1クレーンが第1クレーン制御部によって制御され、第2クレーンが第2クレーン制御部で制御されていてもよい。
(Embodiment 1)
A combustion control method and system according to
貯留エリア１２は、低質のごみ（焼却物）範囲を貯留するための低質エリア部（第１分割部）１２１、基準のごみ範囲を貯留するための基準エリア部（第３分割部）１２２、高質のごみ範囲を貯留するための高質エリア部（第２分割部）１２３を有する。
The
受入エリア１１にあるごみをクレーンで掴んだ際に、掴まれたごみの発熱量を求める。求めた発熱量に応じて、対応する低質、基準、高質、いずれかのエリア部へごみをクレーンでそのまま搬送する。発熱量は、検出部および第1クレーン制御部の機能によって求められる。 When the garbage in the receiving area 11 is grabbed by a crane, the amount of heat generated by the grabbed garbage is obtained. Depending on the calorific value obtained, the garbage is transported as it is to the corresponding low quality, standard, or high quality area. The calorific value is obtained by the functions of the detection unit and the first crane control unit.
発熱量は、ごみの種類（燃えるごみ、プラスチック、生ごみ、それら混合物など）、比重、水分量から、コンピュータを用いて算出される。ごみの種類は、例えば、クレーンに設置された撮像部で撮像した画像をコンピュータで画像処理し、予めメモリに記憶されているごみ種を判定するためのサンプル画像と比較することで決定される。比重は、例えば、クレーンでごみを掴める体積および掴んだごみの重さを重量計で測定して得られる。水分量は、例えば、非接触型水分計により測定し得られる。また、ごみ質を求める手段は、クレーンでごみを掴んだ際に求めることに限らず、例えば、特許第5361595号にあるようにごみを収集車両からごみピットの受入エリアにごみを投入する際の画像を用いてもよい。 The calorific value is calculated using a computer from the type of garbage (burning garbage, plastic, garbage, mixtures thereof, etc.), specific gravity, and moisture content. The type of garbage is determined by, for example, processing an image captured by an imaging unit installed on a crane with a computer and comparing it with a sample image for determining a garbage type stored in advance in a memory. The specific gravity is obtained, for example, by measuring the volume of garbage with a crane and the weight of the garbage with a weigh scale. The amount of moisture can be measured by, for example, a non-contact type moisture meter. In addition, the means for obtaining the waste quality is not limited to the case of grabbing the garbage with a crane. For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5361595, when the garbage is thrown into the garbage pit receiving area from the collection vehicle. An image may be used.
混合エリア１３では、低質エリア部１２１、基準エリア部１２２または高質エリア部１２３にあるごみがクレーンで搬送され、所望のごみ発熱量（性状）の範囲になるように、当該ごみが混合されるエリアである。混合方法は、クレーンでごみを広げて載置し、その上にごみを広げて積層していき、積層された多層のごみを作成する。この方法によりごみ質が平均化されたものとなる。第1クレーン制御部は、クレーンを自動動作してもよく、クレーン運転者へクレーンの動きをモニターで表示し操作指示するように構成してもよい。 In the mixing area 13, the garbage in the low quality area 121, the reference area 122 or the high quality area 123 is transported by a crane, and the garbage is mixed so as to be within a desired waste heat generation amount (property) range. It is an area. In the mixing method, the garbage is spread and placed by a crane, and the garbage is spread and stacked thereon to create a multilayered garbage. The waste quality is averaged by this method. The first crane control unit may automatically operate the crane, or may be configured to display the crane movement on the monitor and instruct the crane operator to operate it.
（電力需要に応じた投入方法１）
日中の電力需要の大きいときには、上記高質エリア部１２３のごみをクレーンで搬送し、焼却炉へ投入する。一方、夜間の電力需要の小さいときには、上記低質エリア部１２１または基準エリア部１２２のごみをクレーンで搬送し、焼却炉へ投入する。予め設定された発電量範囲を維持するように、単位時間あたりのクレーン搬送回数（投入量）が制御される。第2クレーン制御部は、クレーンを自動制御してもよく、クレーンの動きをモニターで表示し操作指示するように構成してもよい（後述する別の投入方法においても同様である）。
(Input method according to power demand 1)
When the demand for electric power during the day is large, the garbage in the high quality area 123 is transported by a crane and put into an incinerator. On the other hand, when the power demand at night is small, the waste in the low quality area 121 or the reference area 122 is transported by a crane and put into an incinerator. The number of crane conveyances (input amount) per unit time is controlled so as to maintain a preset power generation amount range. The second crane control unit may automatically control the crane, or may be configured to display the movement of the crane on a monitor and give an operation instruction (the same applies to other loading methods described later).
（電力需要に応じた投入方法２）
日中の電力需要の大きいときには、上記高質エリア部１２３または基準エリア部１２２のごみをクレーンで搬送し、焼却炉へ投入する。一方、夜間の電力需要の小さいときには、上記低質エリア部１２１のごみをクレーンで搬送し、焼却炉へ投入する。予め設定された発電量範囲を維持するように、単位時間あたりのクレーン搬送回数（投入量）が制御される。
(Input method according to power demand 2)
When the demand for electric power during the day is large, the garbage in the high quality area 123 or the reference area 122 is transported by a crane and put into an incinerator. On the other hand, when the power demand at night is small, the garbage in the low quality area 121 is transported by a crane and put into an incinerator. The number of crane conveyances (input amount) per unit time is controlled so as to maintain a preset power generation amount range.
（実施形態２）
本発明に係る実施形態２の燃焼制御方法について説明する。図３はピット１の利用形態の平面図である。ピット１は、ごみ（焼却物）を受け入れる受入エリア（第１エリア）１１と、受入エリア１１に隣接して配置される混合エリア（第３エリア）１６を有する。
(Embodiment 2)
A combustion control method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the usage form of the
混合エリア１６では、低質エリア部１６１および高質エリア部１６２を有する。受入エリア１１にあるごみがクレーンで搬送され、低質または高質のごみ発熱量（性状）の範囲になるように、低質エリア部１６１または高質エリア部１６２に、クレーンでごみを平らに載置し、その上にごみを平らに積層していく。この積層された多層のごみによって、ごみ質が平均化されたものとなる。
The mixing
（電力需要に応じた投入方法３）
日中の電力需要の大きいときには、上記高質エリア部１６２のごみをクレーンで搬送し、焼却炉へ投入する。一方、夜間の電力需要の小さいときには、上記低質エリア部１６１のごみをクレーンで搬送し、焼却炉へ投入する。予め設定された発電量範囲を維持するように、単位時間あたりのクレーン搬送回数（投入量）が制御される。
(Input method according to power demand 3)
When the electric power demand during the daytime is large, the garbage in the
（ボイラ蒸発量の比較）
基準ごみ質８０００ｋＪ／ｋｇ、施設規模１４０ｔ／ｄ／炉（＝５．８３３ｔ／ｈ／炉）、総発熱量１１２０ＧＪ（８０００ｋＪ／ｋｇ×１４０ｔ／ｄ）のごみから発電する場合を考える。このとき、ごみを焼却し、ボイラで回収される熱量を蒸発量として以下の表１に示す。
(Comparison of boiler evaporation)
Consider a case where power is generated from waste having a standard waste quality of 8000 kJ / kg, a facility scale of 140 t / d / furnace (= 5.833 t / h / furnace), and a total calorific value of 1120 GJ (8000 kJ / kg × 140 t / d). At this time, waste is incinerated, and the amount of heat recovered by the boiler is shown in Table 1 below as the amount of evaporation.
蒸発量が大きくなれば、得られる発電電力量も大きくなる。ここでは蒸発量の多寡と発電量（売電量）の多寡は同じであるとする。ここで、昼夜の負荷変動に対して、昼間１０％増し（６１６ＧＪのごみを処理）、夜間１０％減（５０４ＧＪのごみを処理）を行うとする。すなわち、（１）比較例（従来法）では８０００ｋＪ／ｋｇのごみを、昼間、夜間にそれぞれ６．４１７（＝５．８３３×１．１）ｔ／ｈ、５．２５０（５．８３３×０．９）ｔ／ｈ処理する。（２）実施例は、異なるごみ質（発熱量）を用いており、つまり、昼間に８８００ｋＪ／ｋｇ、夜間に７２００ｋＪ／ｋｇのごみを、単位時間当たり処理量を５．８３３ｔ／ｈとし、昼夜間それぞれにおいて蒸発量を変動させる。 As the amount of evaporation increases, the amount of generated power generated also increases. Here, it is assumed that the amount of evaporation and the amount of power generation (power sales) are the same. Here, it is assumed that the daytime / night load fluctuation is increased by 10% during the day (processing 616 GJ garbage) and reduced by 10% at night (processing 504 GJ garbage). That is, (1) In the comparative example (conventional method), 8000 kJ / kg of garbage is obtained at daytime and nighttime at 6.417 (= 5.833 × 1.1) t / h, 5.250 (5.833 × 0). .9) Process t / h. (2) The example uses different garbage quality (calorific value), that is, 8800 kJ / kg in the daytime, 7200 kJ / kg in the nighttime, and a throughput per unit time of 5.833 t / h, daytime and nighttime. The amount of evaporation is varied during each period.
（１）比較例について以下に説明する。ごみピットでごみ質が均一化されており、上記のように蒸発量を変動させるには、処理量を変動させる運転をする。昼間と夜間がそれぞれ１２時間とすると、昼間に１１０％負荷で運転し、昼間に６１６ＧＪ（６．４１７ｔ／ｈ×８０００ｋＪ／ｈ×１２時間）のごみを燃やして、昼間の蒸発量を従来の１４．６ｔ／ｈから１６．０ｔ／ｈへ増加させる。このときの蒸発量を以下の表２に示す。
(1) A comparative example will be described below. The quality of the waste is made uniform in the waste pit, and in order to change the evaporation amount as described above, the operation is performed to change the processing amount. If the daytime and nighttime are 12 hours each, the vehicle operates at a load of 110% during the daytime, burns 616 GJ (6.417 t / h x 8000 kJ /
（２）実施例（上記実施形態２）について以下に説明する。昼間に高いごみ質のごみを燃やし、夜間に低いごみ質のごみを燃やすことができるので、昼間にはごみ質を１０％増し（８８００ｋＪ／ｋｇ）させたものを、夜間にはごみ質を１０％低くさせたものをいずれも単位時間当たりの処理量５．８３３ｔ／ｈとして処理した場合の蒸発量を以下の表３に示す。 (2) Examples (Embodiment 2) will be described below. High quality garbage can be burned in the daytime and low quality garbage can be burned in the nighttime. Therefore, the waste quality increased by 10% (8800kJ / kg) in the daytime, and the garbage quality in the nighttime is 10%. Table 3 below shows the amount of evaporation in the case of processing at a rate of 5.833 t / h per unit time.
（１）比較例（２）実施例の結果（表２、３）から、ボイラ蒸発量の変動幅について、比較例は１３．２〜１６．０ｔ／ｈであるのに対し、実施例は１２．９〜１６．２ｔ／ｈと変動幅をより大きくとることができた。よって、本実施形態を用いることで、より変動幅を大きく取った運転が可能になることが分かった。 (1) Comparative Example (2) From the results of the examples (Tables 2 and 3), the fluctuation range of the boiler evaporation amount is 13.2 to 16.0 t / h in the comparative example, while 12 in the example. The fluctuation range was as large as 9.9 to 16.2 t / h. Therefore, it was found that operation with a larger fluctuation range becomes possible by using this embodiment.
１ ピット
１１ 受入エリア
１２ 貯留エリア
１３ 混合エリア
１６ 混合エリア
１２１ 低質エリア部
１２２ 基準エリア部
１２３ 高質エリア部
1 pit 11 receiving
Claims (4)
前記ピット内に、第ｎ性状の範囲の第ｎ焼却物が存在し、
前記ピットは、焼却物を受け入れる第１エリア、前記第１エリアの近傍に配置される第２エリアおよび第３エリアを有し、
前記第２エリアは前記焼却物の第ｎ性状の範囲に応じた第ｎ分割部を有し、
前記焼却物の性状に応じて、前記焼却物を前記第１エリアから前記第ｎ分割部へ搬送し、前記第ｎ分割部に前記第ｎ焼却物を配置し、
前記第２エリアの前記第ｎ分割部にある前記第ｎ焼却物を前記第３エリアへクレーンで搬送し、前記第２エリア内の燃焼物とは異なる性状であって、所望の性状の範囲の焼却物になるように、当該第３エリアで当該焼却物を混合し、
電力需要に応じて、前記第３エリア内の所望の性状の範囲の焼却物および前記第２エリア内の第ｎ焼却物の内から１または２種類以上を前記焼却炉へ投入し燃焼制御する、燃焼制御方法。 A combustion control method for receiving incineration and combusting incinerators incinerated in a pit which is an area where the received waste is transported by a crane,
In the pit, there is an nth incinerator in the range of the nth property,
The pit has a first area for receiving an incinerated product, a second area and a third area arranged in the vicinity of the first area,
The second area has an n-th divided portion corresponding to a range of the n-th property of the incinerated product,
Depending on the properties of the incinerated material, the incinerated material is transported from the first area to the n-th divided portion, and the n-th incinerated material is disposed in the n-th divided portion,
The n-th incinerated product in the n-th divided portion of the second area is transported to the third area by a crane, and has a different property from the combusted material in the second area, and has a desired property range. Mix the incinerator in the third area so that it becomes an incinerator,
Depending on the power demand, one or more types of incinerated products in a desired property range in the third area and nth incinerated materials in the second area are put into the incinerator to control combustion. Combustion control method.
前記ピット内に、第ｎ性状の範囲の第ｎ焼却物が存在し、
前記ピットは、焼却物を受け入れる第１エリア、前記第１エリアの近傍に配置される第２エリアを有し、
前記第２エリアは前記焼却物の第ｎ性状の範囲に応じた第ｎ分割部を有し、
前記焼却物の性状に応じて、前記焼却物を前記第１エリアから前記第ｎ分割部へ搬送し、前記第ｎ分割部に前記第ｎ焼却物を配置し、
前記第ｎ分割部における焼却物の性状の範囲を予め設定し、前記予め設定された焼却物の性状の範囲になるように、前記第１エリアから前記第ｎ分割部へ前記焼却物をクレーンで搬送し、混合し、
電力需要に応じて、前記第２エリア内の第ｎ焼却物の内から１または２種類以上を前記焼却炉へ投入し燃焼制御する、燃焼制御方法。 A combustion control method for receiving incineration and combusting incinerators incinerated in a pit which is an area where the received waste is transported by a crane,
In the pit, there is an nth incinerator in the range of the nth property,
The pit has a first area for receiving an incinerator, a second area arranged in the vicinity of the first area,
The second area has an n-th divided portion corresponding to a range of the n-th property of the incinerated product,
Depending on the properties of the incinerated material, the incinerated material is transported from the first area to the n-th divided portion, and the n-th incinerated material is disposed in the n-th divided portion,
The property range of the incinerated product in the n-th divided part is set in advance, and the incinerated product is moved from the first area to the n-th divided unit with a crane so as to be in the preset property range of the incinerated product. Transport, mix,
A combustion control method for controlling combustion by introducing one or more types of n-th incinerated products in the second area into the incinerator according to electric power demand.
焼却物を搬送するクレーンと、
前記焼却物の性状を検出する検出部と、
前記焼却物を燃焼する焼却炉と、を備える焼却炉の燃焼制御システムであって、
前記第２エリアは前記焼却物の第ｎ性状の範囲に応じた第ｎ分割部を有し、
前記検出部で検出された性状に応じて、前記焼却物を前記第１エリアから前記第ｎ分割部へ搬送するように前記クレーンを制御し、前記第２エリアの前記第ｎ分割部にある焼却物を前記第３エリアへ搬送し、前記第２エリア内の燃焼物とは異なる性状であって、所望の性状の範囲の焼却物を生成するように前記クレーンを制御する第１クレーン制御部と、
電力需要に応じて、前記第３エリア内の所望の性状の範囲の焼却物および前記第２エリア内の第ｎ焼却物の内から１または２種類以上を前記焼却炉へ投入するように前記クレーンを制御する第２クレーン制御部と、を備える焼却炉の燃焼制御システム。 A pit that is an area for receiving garbage and transporting the received garbage by a crane, and includes a first area that receives incinerated materials, a second area that is disposed in the vicinity of the first area, and a third area The pit,
A crane for transporting incinerated materials;
A detection unit for detecting the property of the incinerated product;
An incinerator for burning the incinerated product, and an incinerator combustion control system comprising:
The second area has an n-th divided portion corresponding to a range of the n-th property of the incinerated product,
In accordance with the property detected by the detection unit, the crane is controlled so as to convey the incinerated material from the first area to the nth division unit, and the incineration in the nth division unit of the second area. A first crane control unit for transporting an object to the third area and controlling the crane so as to generate an incinerator having a desired property range that is different from the combusted material in the second area ; ,
Depending on the power demand, the third desired range of properties incinerated and the crane to introduce one or more types from among the n incineration of the second area to the incinerator in the area A second crane control unit for controlling the combustion control system of the incinerator.
The combustion control system for an incinerator according to claim 3, further comprising a display unit for displaying a result of the detection unit and instructing a movement of the crane.
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