JP6432546B2 - Heat source water piping, underground heat-utilizing heat pump system, cleaning method and heat exchanging method inside the primary side heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat source water piping, underground heat-utilizing heat pump system, cleaning method and heat exchanging method inside the primary side heat exchanger Download PDF

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JP6432546B2
JP6432546B2 JP2016035154A JP2016035154A JP6432546B2 JP 6432546 B2 JP6432546 B2 JP 6432546B2 JP 2016035154 A JP2016035154 A JP 2016035154A JP 2016035154 A JP2016035154 A JP 2016035154A JP 6432546 B2 JP6432546 B2 JP 6432546B2
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坂本　義仁
義仁 坂本
林　正宏
正宏 林
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、地中熱を利用したヒートポンプシステムのヒートポンプの地中熱採熱側の熱交換器の熱交換効率を高める熱源水配管および、その運用方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a heat source water pipe that increases the heat exchange efficiency of a heat exchanger on the ground heat collection side of a heat pump of a heat pump system that uses geothermal heat, and an operation method thereof.

地中の温度は、年平均気温程度で略一定であり、また、井戸水の温度と略等しいため、冷房を稼動する夏には外気より低く、暖房を稼動する冬には外気より高い。そのため、地中熱は、冷暖房や冬季の給湯にとって好適な熱源となる。   The underground temperature is approximately constant at about the annual average temperature, and is substantially equal to the temperature of the well water. Therefore, it is lower than the outside air in the summer when the cooling is operated and higher than the outside air in the winter when the heating is operated. Therefore, geothermal heat is a suitable heat source for air conditioning and winter hot water supply.

地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムは、ヒートポンプの熱源に地中熱を用い、地中熱の熱媒体として水、あるいは不凍液を用いるのが一般的である。地中熱の採放熱に供する地中熱交換器は、その多くは、ボーリング孔や基礎杭等に熱源水（循環水）配管を配して構成する。前記熱源水配管は、ヒートポンプ室外機側の熱交換器（一次側熱交換器）に連結され、熱源水は、循環ポンプにより、地中熱交換器とヒートポンプの一次側熱交換器とを循環するとともに、前記一次側熱交換器において、ヒートポンプの冷媒と熱源水の間で熱交換が行われる。   In general, a heat pump system using geothermal heat uses geothermal heat as a heat source of the heat pump and uses water or an antifreeze as a heat medium for the geothermal heat. Many of the underground heat exchangers used for collecting and radiating ground heat are constructed by arranging heat source water (circulating water) piping in boreholes, foundation piles, and the like. The heat source water pipe is connected to a heat exchanger (primary side heat exchanger) on the heat pump outdoor unit side, and the heat source water is circulated between the underground heat exchanger and the primary side heat exchanger of the heat pump by a circulation pump. At the same time, heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant of the heat pump and the heat source water in the primary side heat exchanger.

このような地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムを空調に用いる場合、冷房時には、ヒートポンプの一次側熱交換器は、圧縮機によって高温高圧化された冷媒を、熱源水によって冷却、液化する凝縮器として作用する。暖房時には、ヒートポンプの一次側熱交換器は、膨張弁によって減圧された冷媒を、熱源水によって加熱、気化させる蒸発器として作用する。冷房と暖房の切替は、四方弁によって、ヒートポンプ内の冷媒の流れる方向を切り替えることによって行われている。   When such a geothermal heat pump system is used for air conditioning, during cooling, the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump acts as a condenser that cools and liquefies the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant by the compressor using heat source water. . During heating, the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump acts as an evaporator that heats and vaporizes the refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve with heat source water. Switching between cooling and heating is performed by switching the flow direction of the refrigerant in the heat pump using a four-way valve.

発明者らは、市販の地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムについて試験を行った。その結果、地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムは、空気熱源ヒートポンプと比較して、冷房時で４０％以上の省エネルギー効果を確認した一方で、暖房時には１０％〜２０％程度の省エネルギー効果しか得られなかった。調査の結果、暖房時の省エネルギー効果が冷房よりも小さかった原因として、比較的温暖地域での試験だったため、熱源水温度と外気温の差が大きくなかったほかに、一次側熱交換器部分での熱交換効率に差が生じていたことをつきとめた。   The inventors tested a commercially available heat pump system using underground heat. As a result, the heat pump system using geothermal heat has confirmed an energy saving effect of 40% or more during cooling compared with an air heat source heat pump, while only obtaining an energy saving effect of about 10% to 20% during heating. . As a result of the investigation, the energy saving effect at the time of heating was smaller than the cooling, because it was a test in a relatively warm area, the difference between the heat source water temperature and the outside air temperature was not large, and in the primary heat exchanger part It was found that there was a difference in the heat exchange efficiency.

また、熱源水の流れ方向が一方向であるため、長期的には、一次側熱交換器内部にスケールが蓄積し、熱交換効率が低下することも懸念された。   Moreover, since the flow direction of the heat source water is unidirectional, in the long term, there is a concern that scale accumulates inside the primary side heat exchanger and heat exchange efficiency decreases.

熱交換効率に差が生じた原因をさらに調査したところ、冷房時には一次側熱交換器内で冷媒と熱源水は、流れる方向が互いに逆向きの対向流となっていたのに対し、暖房時には冷媒と熱源水の流れる方向が同一である並行流であり、それによって暖房時には熱交換効率が低下して省エネルギー効果に差が生じていることがわかった。   When the cause of the difference in heat exchange efficiency was further investigated, the refrigerant and heat source water flowed in opposite directions in the primary heat exchanger during cooling, whereas the refrigerant and heat source water flowed in opposite directions. It was found that the flow direction of the heat source water is the same as the flow direction of the heat source water, which reduces the heat exchange efficiency during heating, resulting in a difference in energy saving effect.

これを、図７及び図８を用いて具体的に説明する。図７は、従来の地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの冷房時の冷媒と熱源水の流れを示す概念図であり、図８は、暖房時の冷媒と熱源水の流れ示す概念図である。図中の矢印は、冷媒および熱源水の流れる方向を示している。従来の地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムでは、地中熱利用ヒートポンプ室外機８（以下、室外機８）内において、冷房時と暖房時で、四方弁７を切替え、圧縮機６から吐出される冷媒が循環する方向を逆転させている。一方、地中熱交換部１３を有する熱源水配管１において、冷房時、暖房時とも、熱源水は常に循環ポンプ１８によって一方向に流れている。図７に示すように、冷房時では、冷媒と熱源水の流れる方向が対向流であったため、高い熱交換効率が得られていたが、図８に示すように、暖房時では、冷媒と熱源水の流れる方向が並行流となり、熱交換効率が冷房時よりも低下し、省エネルギー効果が小さくなっていた。   This will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing the flow of refrigerant and heat source water during cooling in a conventional geothermal heat pump system, and FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing the flow of refrigerant and heat source water during heating. The arrows in the figure indicate the direction in which the refrigerant and heat source water flow. In a conventional geothermal heat pump system, in the geothermal heat pump outdoor unit 8 (hereinafter referred to as the outdoor unit 8), the four-way valve 7 is switched between cooling and heating, and refrigerant discharged from the compressor 6 is discharged. The direction of circulation is reversed. On the other hand, in the heat source water pipe 1 having the underground heat exchange section 13, the heat source water always flows in one direction by the circulation pump 18 during cooling and heating. As shown in FIG. 7, since the refrigerant and heat source water flowed in opposite directions during cooling, high heat exchange efficiency was obtained. However, as shown in FIG. 8, during heating, the refrigerant and heat source water The direction of water flow was parallel, and the heat exchange efficiency was lower than that during cooling, resulting in a smaller energy saving effect.

特許文献１では、空気熱源ヒートポンプにおいて、冷房時、暖房時のいずれの場合も、室内機および室外機の熱交換器において、空気と冷媒の流れ方向とを常に対向流とする技術が提案されている。具体的には、特許文献１では、ヒートポンプ室内機および室外機内の双方の熱交換器の入口部分と出口部分に、冷媒の流れる方向を切替える切替弁とバイパス配管を設け、暖房時に熱交換器内の冷媒の流れ方向を逆転させることにより、各熱交換器において熱交換される空気と冷媒の流れ方向が常に対向流となるようにして空気調和機の運転効率を向上させている。   In patent document 1, in the air heat source heat pump, in both cases of cooling and heating, a technique has been proposed in which the air and refrigerant flow directions are always opposed to each other in the heat exchanger of the indoor unit and the outdoor unit. Yes. Specifically, in Patent Document 1, a switching valve and a bypass pipe for switching the flow direction of the refrigerant are provided at the inlet portion and the outlet portion of the heat exchangers in both the heat pump indoor unit and the outdoor unit, and the heat exchanger is heated. By reversing the flow direction of the refrigerant, the operation efficiency of the air conditioner is improved so that the flow direction of the air exchanged with the air exchanged in each heat exchanger is always the opposite flow.

特許文献２では、地熱バイナリ発電予熱器のスケール除去の方法として、冷媒流れ方向を一定として、熱源水の流れを逆転させてスケール除去を行う技術が提案されている。具体的には、三方弁とゲートバルブ、バイパス配管を用いて熱源水の流入出方向を変更することで、熱交換器に温度変化を与え、熱膨張差によって、熱交換器配管内に析出付着したスケールを破壊、剥離するものである。   In Patent Document 2, as a method for removing the scale of the geothermal binary power generation preheater, a technique for removing the scale by reversing the flow of the heat source water with the refrigerant flow direction constant is proposed. Specifically, by changing the inflow / outflow direction of the heat source water using a three-way valve, gate valve, and bypass pipe, the heat exchanger is given a temperature change, and deposited in the heat exchanger pipe due to the difference in thermal expansion. It breaks and peels off the scale.

特開平７−９１７６１号公報JP 7-91761 A 特開２０１０−３８４３８号公報JP 2010-38438 A

熱源水と冷媒の流れ方向が並行流になると、対向流の時よりも熱交換効率が低下してしまうため、冷暖房において常に対向流となるしくみが求められる。また、一次側熱交換器内で熱源水が常に一方向に流れると、スケールが内部に蓄積しやすくなり、スケール蓄積による熱交換効率低下の問題も課題である。   When the flow directions of the heat source water and the refrigerant are in parallel flow, the heat exchange efficiency is lower than that in the case of counter flow, and therefore a mechanism for always having a counter flow in cooling and heating is required. In addition, when the heat source water always flows in one direction in the primary side heat exchanger, the scale easily accumulates inside, and the problem of a decrease in heat exchange efficiency due to the scale accumulation is also a problem.

特許文献１の技術は、冷暖房とも常に熱交換器内の冷媒の流れる方向が同じになるように冷媒の向きを再逆転させるバイパス回路がヒートポンプ内に設置され、冷媒と空気が常に対向流となるように制御している。そのため、ヒートポンプ内部の構造が複雑化し、保守の手間と設備コストが増加する問題がある。また、本発明では、熱源に空気ではなく水を用いており、熱源水が一方向に流れているために、特許文献１の方式を援用した場合、スケールが熱交換器内部にたまってしまう問題が解決されていない。   In the technology of Patent Document 1, a bypass circuit that reversely reverses the direction of the refrigerant is installed in the heat pump so that the direction of the refrigerant flowing in the heat exchanger is always the same in both the cooling and heating, and the refrigerant and the air are always opposed to each other. So that it is controlled. Therefore, there is a problem that the structure inside the heat pump becomes complicated, and maintenance labor and equipment cost increase. Further, in the present invention, water is used instead of air as a heat source, and the heat source water flows in one direction. Therefore, when the method of Patent Document 1 is used, the scale accumulates inside the heat exchanger. Is not solved.

熱交換器内部に蓄積するスケール除去については、特許文献２において、熱源水流を逆転させることが示されている。ここでは、熱交換器も運転停止せずに熱利用運転を継続したままの状態で熱交換器の伝熱管に付着堆積したスケールを剥離させて捕集できるようにしているが、スケール除去運転時には冷媒と熱源水が並行流となるために、採熱効率が低下する問題がある。また、スケール除去装置に至る流路は、常時運転時には閉じられており、常時運転においては、熱源水中のスケールを除去する手段がない問題もある。   Regarding the scale removal accumulated in the heat exchanger, Patent Document 2 discloses that the heat source water flow is reversed. Here, the heat exchanger is also able to collect by peeling off the scale deposited on the heat transfer tubes of the heat exchanger while keeping the heat utilization operation without stopping the operation, but during the scale removal operation Since the refrigerant and the heat source water are in parallel flow, there is a problem that the heat collection efficiency is lowered. Further, the flow path leading to the scale removing device is closed during normal operation, and there is a problem that there is no means for removing scale in the heat source water during normal operation.

本発明は、上記のような問題点に対してなされたものであり、熱交換器内部で冷媒と熱源水を低廉かつ保守容易な状態で対向流となし、さらに、熱交換器内にたまってしまうスケールの除去も行うことができる地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの熱源水配管構造およびその運用方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems. The refrigerant and the heat source water are made into a counter flow in a low-cost and easy-to-maintain state inside the heat exchanger, and further accumulated in the heat exchanger. It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat source water piping structure of an underground heat utilization heat pump system that can also remove the scale and the operation method thereof.

本発明は、上記のような目的を達成するため、以下のような特徴を有している。   The present invention has the following features in order to achieve the above object.

［１］ヒートポンプ室外機の一次側熱交換器に接続される熱源水配管であって、
熱源水と地盤との間で熱交換を行う地中熱交換部と、
一次側熱交換器との第１接続部Ｘから地中熱交換部を介して一次側熱交換器との第２の接続部Ｙに至る主配管と、
主配管上の、第１接続部Ｘ側の分岐点Ａと、第２接続部Ｙ側の分岐点Ｂとの間に設けられた第１分岐配管と、
主配管上の、第１接続部Ｘと分岐点Ａとの間に設けられた分岐点Ｃと、第２接続部Ｙ側の分岐点Ｂよりも一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられた分岐点Ｄとの間に設けられた第２分岐配管と、
主配管上の、分岐点Ａより一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられ、かつ分岐点Ａに向けて吐出する循環ポンプと、
分岐点Ａにおいて、第１分岐配管側の流路と分岐点Ｃ側の流路とを切替可能な第１切替手段と、
分岐点Ｄにおいて、第２分岐配管側の流路と分岐点Ｂ側の流路とを切替可能な第２切替手段と、を備える熱源水配管。 [1] A heat source water pipe connected to a primary heat exchanger of a heat pump outdoor unit,
An underground heat exchange section that exchanges heat between the heat source water and the ground,
A main pipe from the first connection X with the primary heat exchanger to the second connection Y with the primary heat exchanger via the underground heat exchange;
On the main pipe, a first branch pipe provided between a branch point A on the first connection part X side and a branch point B on the second connection part Y side;
On the main pipe, provided at a position farther from the primary heat exchanger than the branch point C provided between the first connection part X and the branch point A and the branch point B on the second connection part Y side. A second branch pipe provided between the branch point D and
A circulation pump which is provided at a position farther from the primary heat exchanger than the branch point A on the main pipe and discharges toward the branch point A;
A first switching means capable of switching the flow path on the first branch pipe side and the flow path on the branch point C side at the branch point A;
A heat source water pipe comprising, at a branch point D, second switching means capable of switching between a flow path on the second branch pipe side and a flow path on the branch point B side.

［２］第１切替手段及び第２切替手段を用いて、一次側熱交換器内の熱源水の流れる方向を切り替え、一次側熱交換器内において隣接して流れるヒートポンプの冷媒と熱源水の流れ方向を、採熱時と放熱時のいずれにおいても対向流とする［１］に記載の熱源水配管。   [2] Using the first switching unit and the second switching unit, the flow direction of the heat source water in the primary side heat exchanger is switched, and the refrigerant of the heat pump and the flow of the heat source water that flow adjacently in the primary side heat exchanger. The heat source water pipe according to [1], wherein the direction is a counter flow both during heat collection and during heat release.

［３］主配管において、循環ポンプよりも一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられた分岐点Ｅと、分岐点Ｄよりも一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられた分岐点Ｆとの間に設けられた第３分岐配管と、
分岐点Ｅにおいて、第３分岐配管側の流路と、分岐点Ａ側の流路とを切替える第３切替手段と、
分岐点Ｆにおいて、第３分岐配管側の流路と、分岐点Ｄ側の流路とを切替える第４切替手段と、
分岐点Ａと分岐点Ｅとの間にタンクからの配管接続部を有し、
分岐点Ｃから一次側熱交換器を介して分岐点Ｂに至るまでの流路に設けられた排出口と、を備える［１］又は［２］に記載の熱源水配管。 [3] In the main pipe, a branch point E provided at a position farther from the primary side heat exchanger than the circulation pump, and a branch point F provided at a position farther from the primary side heat exchanger than the branch point D. A third branch pipe provided therebetween;
A third switching means for switching the flow path on the third branch pipe side and the flow path on the branch point A side at the branch point E;
A fourth switching means for switching the flow path on the third branch pipe side and the flow path on the branch point D side at the branch point F;
Between the branch point A and the branch point E, there is a pipe connection part from the tank,
The heat source water pipe according to [1] or [2], comprising: a discharge port provided in a flow path from the branch point C to the branch point B via the primary side heat exchanger.

［４］分岐点Ａと循環ポンプの間にスケール除去装置を配したことを特徴とする、［１］乃至［３］のいずれかに記載の熱源水配管。   [4] The heat source water pipe according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein a scale removing device is disposed between the branch point A and the circulation pump.

［５］ ［１］乃至［４］のうちいずれかに記載の熱源水配管とヒートポンプとを備えた地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステム。   [5] A geothermal heat pump system comprising the heat source water pipe according to any one of [1] to [4] and a heat pump.

［６］ 第１切替手段と第２切替手段を用いて、ヒートポンプの一次側熱交換器における第１接続部Ｘから第２接続部Ｙまでの熱源水配管を流れる熱源水の流れの方向を交互に切り替えた後、タンクから分岐点Ａと分岐点Ｅとの間へタンク内に貯留した流体を供給し、
前記流体によって押し出された熱源水を、排出口から排出する［３］または［４］に記載の熱源水配管とヒートポンプを備えた地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法。 [6] Using the first switching means and the second switching means, the direction of the heat source water flowing through the heat source water piping from the first connection portion X to the second connection portion Y in the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump is alternated. After switching to, supply the fluid stored in the tank between the branch point A and the branch point E from the tank,
A method for cleaning the inside of a primary heat exchanger using a geothermal heat pump system including the heat source water pipe and the heat pump according to [3] or [4], wherein the heat source water pushed out by the fluid is discharged from a discharge port.

［７］ ［４］に記載の熱源水配管とヒートポンプを備えた地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法であって、
第１切替手段と第２切替手段を用いて、ヒートポンプの一次側熱交換器における第１接続部Ｘから第２接続部Ｙまでの熱源水配管を流れる熱源水の流れの方向を交互に切り替え、一次側熱交換器内部のスケールを、分岐点Ａと循環ポンプ間に設置したスケール除去装置により捕捉する一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法。 [7] A method for cleaning the inside of a primary heat exchanger of a heat pump system using a geothermal heat including a heat source water pipe and a heat pump according to [4],
Using the first switching means and the second switching means, alternately switch the direction of the flow of the heat source water flowing through the heat source water pipe from the first connection portion X to the second connection portion Y in the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump, A cleaning method for the inside of the primary side heat exchanger, in which the scale inside the primary side heat exchanger is captured by a scale removing device installed between the branch point A and the circulation pump.

［８］第３分岐配管側の流路を設定し、地中熱交換部への循環を停止した状態で洗浄を行うことを特徴とした、［６］又は［７］に記載の洗浄方法。   [8] The cleaning method according to [6] or [7], wherein the cleaning is performed in a state where a flow path on the third branch pipe side is set and circulation to the underground heat exchange unit is stopped.

［９］［５］に記載の地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムを使用し、
一次側熱交換器及び二次側熱交換器を有するヒートポンプの一次側熱交換器に接続され、一次側熱交換器内部において、地盤と熱交換する地中熱交換部を有する熱源水配管に流れる熱源水と、ヒートポンプの冷媒との熱交換方法であって、
採熱時と放熱時で、熱源水配管に設けられた切替手段によって、一次側熱交換器において流れる熱源水の向きを切替えて、一次側熱交換器において隣接して流れるヒートポンプの冷媒と熱源水の流れを、採熱時と放熱時のいずれにおいても対向流とする熱交換方法。 [9] Use the geothermal heat pump system according to [5],
It is connected to the primary side heat exchanger of the heat pump having the primary side heat exchanger and the secondary side heat exchanger, and flows to the heat source water pipe having the underground heat exchange part for exchanging heat with the ground inside the primary side heat exchanger. A heat exchange method between heat source water and a heat pump refrigerant,
The heat source water flowing in the primary side heat exchanger and the heat source water flowing adjacent to each other in the primary side heat exchanger by switching the direction of the heat source water flowing in the primary side heat exchanger by switching means provided in the heat source water piping during heat collection and heat dissipation Exchange method in which the flow of water is counterflowed both during heat collection and heat dissipation.

本発明によれば、ヒートポンプ内部に熱交換器内の冷媒の流れ方向を冷暖房時に同じにすることができる冷媒配管の切替手段が設けてられていない既存のヒートポンプを用いても、冷房時及び暖房時の両方で、一次側熱交換器内部で冷媒と熱源水とを低コストで対向流とすることができ、高い熱交換効率を得ることができるとともに、前記熱交換器内部でスケールの蓄積を抑制することができる。さらに、一次側熱交換器の洗浄は、バイパス回路によって極狭い範囲のみ熱源水の循環を行なうようにしたので、全循環系統にスケールを循環させることなく熱源水を清浄に保つことができるとともに、洗浄に供する熱源水の量を削減することができる。そして、タンクの内部の洗浄水の重力によって、開放弁からスケールを含む熱源水を排出することができるので、熱交換器１４内のスケールを容易に洗浄することができる。   According to the present invention, even when using an existing heat pump in which the refrigerant pipe switching means that can make the flow direction of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger the same during the cooling and heating is not provided in the heat pump, the cooling and heating At both times, the refrigerant and the heat source water can be made into a counter flow at a low cost inside the primary side heat exchanger, high heat exchange efficiency can be obtained, and the scale can be accumulated inside the heat exchanger. Can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the heat source water is circulated only in an extremely narrow range by the bypass circuit in the cleaning of the primary side heat exchanger, the heat source water can be kept clean without circulating the scale in the entire circulation system, The amount of heat source water used for cleaning can be reduced. And since the heat source water containing a scale can be discharged | emitted from an open valve by gravity of the washing water inside a tank, the scale in the heat exchanger 14 can be wash | cleaned easily.

本発明の実施の形態に係るヒートポンプに接続される熱源水配管と、これを含む地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムを示す概要図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows the heat source water piping connected to the heat pump which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and a geothermal heat utilization heat pump system containing this. 本発明の実施の形態に係る地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの冷房時の冷媒と熱源水の流れを示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of air_conditioning | cooling of the geothermal heat utilization heat pump system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの暖房時の冷媒と熱源水の流れを示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant and heat source water at the time of the heating of the geothermal heat utilization heat pump system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの第１洗浄工程（正循環）を示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the 1st washing | cleaning process (normal circulation) of the geothermal heat pump system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの第２洗浄工程（逆洗）を示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the 2nd washing | cleaning process (backwashing) of the geothermal heat pump system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの第３洗浄工程（スケール排出）を示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the 3rd washing | cleaning process (scale discharge | emission) of the geothermal heat pump system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 従来の地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの冷房時の冷媒と熱源水の流れを示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of the cooling of the conventional heat pump system using geothermal heat, and heat source water. 従来の地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの暖房時の冷媒と熱源水の流れを示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of the heating of the conventional heat pump system using geothermal heat, and heat source water.

以下、図面を参照し、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図１は、本発明の実施の形態１に係るヒートポンプに接続される熱源水配管と、これを含む地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムを示す概要図である。   FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a heat source water pipe connected to the heat pump according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and a geothermal heat pump system including the heat source water pipe.

地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステム１００は、冷暖房などの空調や給湯など種々の用途に利用することができるが、以下の説明では、冷暖房に用いる２次側直膨方式の地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステム１００を例に説明する。   Although the geothermal heat pump system 100 can be used for various applications such as air conditioning and hot water supply such as air conditioning, in the following description, the secondary side direct expansion type geothermal heat pump system 100 used for air conditioning is used. Explained as an example.

地中熱利用ヒートポンプ１０１の室外機８（以下、室外機８）には、圧縮機６、四方弁７及び一次側熱交換器１４（以下、熱交換器１４）が備えられている。室外機８と室内機（図示せず）は、冷媒が循環する冷媒配管１５によって接続されている。   The outdoor unit 8 (hereinafter referred to as the outdoor unit 8) of the geothermal heat pump 101 is provided with a compressor 6, a four-way valve 7 and a primary side heat exchanger 14 (hereinafter referred to as a heat exchanger 14). The outdoor unit 8 and the indoor unit (not shown) are connected by a refrigerant pipe 15 through which the refrigerant circulates.

四方弁７は、冷房時と暖房時において冷媒配管１５および熱交換器１４に流れる冷媒の向きを反転させる。なお、室内機についても熱交換器（二次側熱交換器）が備えられているが、室内機の構成についての説明は省略する。   The four-way valve 7 reverses the direction of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 15 and the heat exchanger 14 during cooling and heating. In addition, although the heat exchanger (secondary side heat exchanger) is provided also about the indoor unit, description about the structure of an indoor unit is abbreviate | omitted.

熱交換器１４には、冷媒配管１５と熱源水配管系統１０２が接続されている。熱交換器１４内では、冷媒と熱源水が流れる流路が隣接して並んで配され、相互で熱交換が行われる。   A refrigerant pipe 15 and a heat source water pipe system 102 are connected to the heat exchanger 14. In the heat exchanger 14, the flow paths through which the refrigerant and the heat source water flow are arranged adjacent to each other, and heat exchange is performed between them.

熱源水配管系統１０２は、主配管１６、地中熱交換部１３、第１分岐配管１９、第２分岐配管２０、複数の切替手段２１、２２、２３、２４、循環ポンプ１８及びタンク３０、ストレーナ（図示せず）を備えている。   The heat source water piping system 102 includes a main pipe 16, a ground heat exchanging section 13, a first branch pipe 19, a second branch pipe 20, a plurality of switching means 21, 22, 23, 24, a circulation pump 18 and a tank 30, and a strainer. (Not shown).

主配管１６は、一端が熱交換器１４の第１の接続部Ｘに接続され、他端が熱交換器１４の第２の接続部Ｙに接続されている。   One end of the main pipe 16 is connected to the first connection part X of the heat exchanger 14, and the other end is connected to the second connection part Y of the heat exchanger 14.

主配管１６は、先端をＵ字状に折り返して、地中に設けられたボーリング孔等の鉛直方向に延びる空洞に挿入、埋設されている。この部分は、地中熱を採放熱する地中熱交換部１３として機能する。地中熱交換部１３では、熱源水を介して地盤との間で熱交換が行われる。なお、地中熱交換部１３は、地中に埋め込まれ、先端が閉塞された円形鋼管に挿入されるように構成してもよい。   The main pipe 16 is inserted and buried in a cavity extending in the vertical direction, such as a boring hole provided in the ground, with its tip folded back in a U shape. This part functions as the underground heat exchange part 13 which collects and dissipates the underground heat. In the underground heat exchange part 13, heat exchange is performed between the ground via the heat source water. In addition, you may comprise the underground heat exchange part 13 so that it may be inserted in the circular steel pipe which was embedded in the earth and the front-end | tip was obstruct | occluded.

熱交換器１４との第１の接続部Ｘ側の主配管１６には、第１の接続部Ｘ側から、分岐点Ｃ、分岐点Ａ、分岐点Ｅを有する。   The main pipe 16 on the first connection portion X side with the heat exchanger 14 has a branch point C, a branch point A, and a branch point E from the first connection portion X side.

熱交換器１４との第２の接続部Ｙ側の主配管１６には、第２の接続部Ｙ側から、分岐点Ｂ、分岐点Ｄ、分岐点Ｆを有する。   The main pipe 16 on the second connection portion Y side with the heat exchanger 14 has a branch point B, a branch point D, and a branch point F from the second connection portion Y side.

分岐点Ａと分岐点Ｂは、第１分岐配管１９で接続され、分岐点Ｃと分岐点Ｄは、第２分岐配管２０で接続され、分岐点Ｅと分岐点Ｆは、第３分岐配管２８で接続されている。   The branch point A and the branch point B are connected by a first branch pipe 19, the branch point C and the branch point D are connected by a second branch pipe 20, and the branch point E and the branch point F are connected by a third branch pipe 28. Connected with.

また、主配管１６上の、第１の接続部Ｘ側から分岐点Ａと分岐点Ｅの間には、循環ポンプ１８が設けられている。循環ポンプ１８は、分岐点Ａに向って熱源水を送り出すように設置している。   A circulation pump 18 is provided between the branch point A and the branch point E from the first connection part X side on the main pipe 16. The circulation pump 18 is installed so as to send out the heat source water toward the branch point A.

タンク３０は、その底部が主配管１６および熱交換器１４よりも高い位置に設置されており、循環ポンプ１８と分岐点Ｅの間には、タンク３０との接続部Ｇを有する。当該接続部Ｇは、配管の上面側に設けられ、タンク３０と前記接続部Ｇの間には、図示しないが開閉バルブを設けており、熱源水の温度差による体積変化の吸収および配管漏水時の熱源水供給のため、開閉バルブは常時開放している。   The tank 30 is installed at a position where the bottom is higher than the main pipe 16 and the heat exchanger 14, and has a connection part G to the tank 30 between the circulation pump 18 and the branch point E. The connection part G is provided on the upper surface side of the pipe, and an open / close valve (not shown) is provided between the tank 30 and the connection part G, and when the volume change due to the temperature difference of the heat source water is absorbed and the pipe leaks. The open / close valve is always open to supply the heat source water.

分岐点Ａには第１切替手段２１、分岐点Ｄには第２切替手段２２として、それぞれ三方弁が設けられ、循環ポンプ１８から送り出された熱源水を、第１分岐配管１９及び第２分岐配管２０を介さずに熱交換器１４、地中熱交換部１３に送る流路と、第１分岐配管１９及び第２分岐配管２０を介して熱交換器１４、地中熱交換部１３に送る流路とを切替えることができる。   As the first switching means 21 at the branch point A and as the second switching means 22 at the branch point D, a three-way valve is provided, and the heat source water sent from the circulation pump 18 is supplied to the first branch pipe 19 and the second branch. It sends to the heat exchanger 14 and the underground heat exchange part 13 via the flow path sent to the heat exchanger 14 and the underground heat exchange part 13 without passing through the pipe 20, and the first branch pipe 19 and the second branch pipe 20. The flow path can be switched.

分岐点Ｅには第３切替手段２３、分岐点Ｆには第４切替手段２４として、それぞれ三方弁が設けられ、循環ポンプ１８から送り出された熱源水を、地中熱交換部１３に送る流路と、第３分岐配管２８を介して、地中熱交換部１３をバイパスする流路とを切替えることができる。   A three-way valve is provided as a third switching means 23 at the branch point E and a fourth switching means 24 at the branch point F, respectively, and the heat source water sent from the circulation pump 18 is sent to the underground heat exchanger 13. The path and the flow path that bypasses the underground heat exchange unit 13 can be switched via the third branch pipe 28.

ストレーナ等、配管内のごみ、スケール成分を除去するスケール除去装置は、図示していないが、循環ポンプ１８と分岐点Ａとの間に設ける。   A scale removing device such as a strainer for removing dust and scale components in the pipe is not shown, but is provided between the circulation pump 18 and the branch point A.

排出口２５は、分岐点Ｃから熱交換器１４を介して分岐点Ｂに至る範囲内に設けられるが、図１に示すように、第１の接続部Ｘと分岐点Ｃの間に設けることがより望ましい。排出口２５は、通常時には閉じられている。   The discharge port 25 is provided in a range from the branch point C to the branch point B via the heat exchanger 14, but is provided between the first connection portion X and the branch point C as shown in FIG. Is more desirable. The discharge port 25 is normally closed.

次に、冷暖房時における、本発明の実施の形態に係る室外機８に接続される熱源水配管系統１０２の熱源水と、これを含む地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステム１００の冷媒の流れについて図２及び図３を用いて説明し、また、熱源水配管系統１０２の洗浄工程を、図４乃至図６を用いて説明する。なお、図２乃至図６では、切替手段の閉じている側の流路を黒色で、開いている側の流路を白色で示している。また、熱源水が流れている流路を実線で、熱源水の流れが止まっている流路を点線で示している。なお、タンク３０から主配管１６に至る流路は常時開放されているが、ここでは通常運転時に水流はないものとして取り扱う。   Next, FIG. 2 shows the heat source water of the heat source water piping system 102 connected to the outdoor unit 8 according to the embodiment of the present invention during cooling and heating, and the refrigerant flow of the geothermal heat pump system 100 including the heat source water. It demonstrates using FIG. 3, and the washing | cleaning process of the heat-source water piping system | strain 102 is demonstrated using FIG. 4 thru | or FIG. 2 to 6, the flow path on the closed side of the switching means is shown in black, and the flow path on the open side is shown in white. Moreover, the flow path in which the heat source water flows is indicated by a solid line, and the flow path in which the flow of the heat source water stops is indicated by a dotted line. In addition, although the flow path from the tank 30 to the main pipe 16 is always open, it is treated here as having no water flow during normal operation.

図２は、本発明の実施の形態に係る地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの冷房時の熱源水と冷媒の流れを示す図である。   FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the flow of heat source water and refrigerant during cooling of the geothermal heat pump system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

冷房時において、室外機８の冷媒は、圧縮機６から吐出され、四方弁７において、熱交換器１４の冷媒配管接続部Ｎ側に導かれ、熱交換器１４内部を矢印で示すように冷媒配管接続部Ｍ側へ流れている。   During cooling, the refrigerant in the outdoor unit 8 is discharged from the compressor 6, and is guided to the refrigerant pipe connection N side of the heat exchanger 14 in the four-way valve 7, so that the inside of the heat exchanger 14 is indicated by arrows. It flows to the pipe connection part M side.

熱源水は、熱源水配管系統１０２に配された切替手段によって流路を設定する。冷房時においては、以下の設定を行う。分岐点Ａにおいて、第１切替手段２１によって、第１分岐配管１９側の流路を閉じ、循環ポンプ１８から分岐点Ｃに流れる流路を開く。   The heat source water sets a flow path by switching means arranged in the heat source water piping system 102. The following settings are made during cooling. At the branch point A, the first switching means 21 closes the flow path on the first branch pipe 19 side and opens the flow path from the circulation pump 18 to the branch point C.

同様に、分岐点Ｄにおいて、第２切替手段２２によって、第２分岐配管２０側の流路を閉じ、第２の接続部Ｙから、地中熱交換部１３方向へ流れる流路を開く。   Similarly, at the branch point D, the flow path on the second branch pipe 20 side is closed by the second switching means 22 and the flow path flowing from the second connection portion Y toward the underground heat exchange section 13 is opened.

分岐点Ｅと分岐点Ｆにおいて、第３切替手段２３、第４切替手段２４は、第３分岐配管２８側の流路を閉じる。   At the branch point E and the branch point F, the third switching unit 23 and the fourth switching unit 24 close the flow path on the third branch pipe 28 side.

熱源水は、循環ポンプ１８から分岐点Ａに向って送り出される。そのため、上述の設定においては、図２のように、熱源水は、分岐点Ａから、第１の接続部Ｘ、第２の接続部Ｙ、分岐点Ｄ、地中熱交換部１３を経由して循環する。   The heat source water is sent out from the circulation pump 18 toward the branch point A. Therefore, in the above setting, as shown in FIG. 2, the heat source water passes from the branch point A via the first connection part X, the second connection part Y, the branch point D, and the underground heat exchange part 13. Circulate.

すなわち、冷房時の熱源水は、熱交換器１４内において、第１の接続部Ｘから第２の接続部Ｙに流れ、隣接して流れる冷媒と熱源水が対向流となる。   That is, the heat source water at the time of cooling flows from the first connection part X to the second connection part Y in the heat exchanger 14, and the refrigerant and the heat source water that flow adjacently face each other.

図３は、本発明の実施の形態に係る地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの暖房時の熱源水と冷媒の流れを示す図である。   FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the flow of heat source water and refrigerant during heating in the geothermal heat pump system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

暖房時において、室外機８の冷媒は、圧縮機６から吐出され、四方弁７において、室内機（図示せず）を経由して、熱交換器１４の冷媒配管接続部Ｍ側に導かれ、熱交換器１４内部を矢印で示すように冷媒配管接続部Ｎ側に向って流れる。   During heating, the refrigerant of the outdoor unit 8 is discharged from the compressor 6 and led to the refrigerant pipe connection part M side of the heat exchanger 14 via the indoor unit (not shown) in the four-way valve 7. The inside of the heat exchanger 14 flows toward the refrigerant pipe connection portion N side as indicated by an arrow.

熱源水は、熱源水配管系統１０２に配された切替手段によって流路を設定する。暖房時においては、以下の設定を行う。分岐点Ａにおいて、第１切替手段２１によって、分岐点Ｃ側の流路を閉じ、循環ポンプ１８の出側から、第１分岐配管１９、分岐点Ｂを経由して第２の接続部Ｙに流れる流路を開く。   The heat source water sets a flow path by switching means arranged in the heat source water piping system 102. The following settings are made during heating. At the branch point A, the first switching means 21 closes the flow path on the branch point C side, and from the outlet side of the circulation pump 18 to the second connection portion Y via the first branch pipe 19 and the branch point B. Open the flow path.

同様に、第２切替手段２２によって、分岐点Ｂ側の流路を閉じ、第１の接続部Ｘから、第２分岐配管２０、分岐点Ｄを経由して地中熱交換部１３方向へ流れる流路を開く。   Similarly, the flow path on the branch point B side is closed by the second switching means 22, and flows from the first connection part X toward the underground heat exchange part 13 via the second branch pipe 20 and the branch point D. Open the flow path.

なお、分岐点Ｅと分岐点Ｆにおいて、第３切替手段２３、第４切替手段２４は、冷房時と同じく、第３分岐配管２８の流路を閉じたままである。   Note that, at the branch point E and the branch point F, the third switching unit 23 and the fourth switching unit 24 keep the flow path of the third branch pipe 28 closed as in the case of cooling.

熱源水は、冷房時と同じく、循環ポンプ１８から分岐点Ａに向かって送り出される。そのため、上述の設定においては、図３のように、熱源水は、分岐点Ａから、分岐点Ｂ、第２の接続部Ｙ、第１の接続部Ｘ、分岐点Ｃ、分岐点Ｄ、地中熱交換部１３を経由して循環する。   The heat source water is sent from the circulation pump 18 toward the branch point A as in the case of cooling. Therefore, in the above setting, as shown in FIG. 3, the heat source water flows from the branch point A to the branch point B, the second connection part Y, the first connection part X, the branch point C, the branch point D, the ground. It circulates through the intermediate heat exchanger 13.

すなわち、暖房時の熱源水は、熱交換器１４内において、第２の接続部Ｙから第１の接続部Ｘに流れ、隣接して流れる冷媒と熱源水が対向流となる。   That is, the heat source water at the time of heating flows from the second connection portion Y to the first connection portion X in the heat exchanger 14, and the refrigerant and the heat source water that flow adjacently face each other.

なお、上述のように、第１切替手段２１、第２切替手段２２は連動して制御されるため、これらは電磁弁により構成し、一斉にコンピュータにより開閉制御するよう構成してもよい。しかしながら、これらの開閉制御は、軽微な操作であるため、手動により操作してもよい。   As described above, since the first switching means 21 and the second switching means 22 are controlled in conjunction with each other, they may be configured by electromagnetic valves and may be configured to be controlled to be opened and closed by a computer all at once. However, these open / close controls are minor operations, and may be operated manually.

以上では、冷房と暖房を例に説明したが、冷房とは、熱交換器１４における放熱を代表し、暖房とは、採熱を代表する用語として用いており、さらに、暖房時に対向流、冷房時に並行流となるヒートポンプ室外機においては、冷房と暖房を読み替えて対応するのは言うまでもない。   In the above description, cooling and heating have been described as examples. Cooling represents heat dissipation in the heat exchanger 14, and heating is used as a term representing heat collection. Needless to say, in a heat pump outdoor unit that is sometimes in parallel flow, cooling and heating are interchanged.

次に、図４乃至図６を用いて、本実施の形態の地中熱利用ヒートポンプの熱交換器１４および流路の洗浄工程について説明する。洗浄時には、熱源水配管系統１０２に配された切替手段によって熱源水流を正逆繰り返し、熱交換器１４内部のスケールを剥離して、洗浄を行う。   Next, with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6, the heat exchanger 14 and the flow path cleaning process of the geothermal heat pump according to the present embodiment will be described. At the time of cleaning, the heat source water flow is repeated forward and backward by switching means arranged in the heat source water piping system 102, the scale inside the heat exchanger 14 is peeled off, and cleaning is performed.

はじめに、循環ポンプ１８の運転を停止する。そして、分岐点Ｅにおいて、第３切替手段２３の、地中熱交換部１３側の流路を閉じ、第３分岐配管２８側の流路を開く。合わせて、分岐点Ｆにおいて、第４切替手段２４の、地中熱交換部１３側の流路を閉じ、第３分岐配管２８側の流路を開く。これにより、地中熱交換部１３側への熱源水の循環を遮断する。   First, the operation of the circulation pump 18 is stopped. Then, at the branch point E, the flow path on the ground heat exchanging unit 13 side of the third switching means 23 is closed, and the flow path on the third branch pipe 28 side is opened. At the same time, at the branch point F, the flow path on the ground heat exchange section 13 side of the fourth switching means 24 is closed and the flow path on the third branch pipe 28 side is opened. Thereby, circulation of the heat source water to the underground heat exchange part 13 side is interrupted.

そして、循環ポンプ１８を運転し、図４と図５に示すように、前記冷房時の流路設定と、暖房時の流路設定を所定の時間交互に繰り返すことにより、熱交換器１４内の熱源水の向きを、第１の接続部Ｘから第２の接続点Ｙに流れる方向と、第２の接続点Ｙから第１の接続部Ｘに流れる方向とを交互に切替える。これにより、熱交換器１４内の熱源水流路に堆積したスケールを剥離する。   Then, the circulation pump 18 is operated, and as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the flow path setting during cooling and the flow path setting during heating are alternately repeated for a predetermined time, so that the inside of the heat exchanger 14 The direction of the heat source water is alternately switched between a direction flowing from the first connection portion X to the second connection point Y and a direction flowing from the second connection point Y to the first connection portion X. Thereby, the scale accumulated in the heat source water flow path in the heat exchanger 14 is peeled off.

その後、循環ポンプ１８を停止し、排出口２５を開放する。図６では、より望ましい形として、第２切替手段２２の第２分岐配管２０側の流路を閉じた状態を示しているが、上記工程を１サイクル以上繰り返した後であれば、図４または図５に示す工程終了後に行ってもよい。これによって、熱交換器１４内から剥離したスケールを含む熱源水は、タンク３０内にある熱源水の圧力によって、排出口２５より排出される。   Thereafter, the circulation pump 18 is stopped and the discharge port 25 is opened. FIG. 6 shows a state where the flow path on the second branch pipe 20 side of the second switching means 22 is closed as a more desirable form, but if the above process is repeated for one cycle or more, FIG. You may perform after completion | finish of the process shown in FIG. As a result, the heat source water including the scale separated from the heat exchanger 14 is discharged from the discharge port 25 by the pressure of the heat source water in the tank 30.

なお、熱交換器１４内の汚れが激しい場合には、その後、排出口２５を再び閉鎖し、タンク３０から新たに熱源水または洗浄用流体２６を主配管１６に補充して、上記の図４、図５に示す工程を繰り返し行っても良い。   If the heat exchanger 14 is very dirty, the outlet 25 is closed again, and the main water 16 or the cleaning fluid 26 is newly replenished from the tank 30 to the main pipe 16, and the above FIG. The process shown in FIG. 5 may be repeated.

また、洗浄の前に、第３切替手段２３及び第４切替手段２４の地中熱交換部１３側の流路を閉じた段階で、タンク３０内に洗浄用流体２６を投入し、排出口２５を開放し、当該範囲の熱源水配管系統１０２内の熱源水を一部排出して前記洗浄用流体２６を主配管１６内に導入してもよく、排出口２５を開放し、当該範囲の熱源水配管１０２系統内の熱源水を一旦排出し、再度排出口２５を閉めたのち、タンク３０内に新たに洗浄用流体２６を入れ、循環ポンプ１８を運転して、洗浄作業を行ってもよい。   Further, before the cleaning, the cleaning fluid 26 is introduced into the tank 30 and the discharge port 25 at the stage where the flow path on the side of the underground heat exchange section 13 of the third switching means 23 and the fourth switching means 24 is closed. The cleaning fluid 26 may be introduced into the main pipe 16 by partially discharging the heat source water in the heat source water piping system 102 in the range, and the discharge port 25 is opened to release the heat source water in the range. The heat source water in the water pipe 102 system is once discharged, and the discharge port 25 is closed again. Then, the cleaning fluid 26 is newly put in the tank 30 and the circulation pump 18 is operated to perform the cleaning operation. .

第３切替手段２３及び第４切替手段２４や排出口２５に電磁弁を設け、その開閉操作を電気的に制御してもよいが、手動としてもよい。   An electromagnetic valve may be provided in the third switching unit 23, the fourth switching unit 24, and the discharge port 25, and the opening / closing operation thereof may be electrically controlled, but may be manual.

排出した熱源水の補充は、排出口２５を閉めたのちにタンク３０から行ってもよいが、排出口２５を開放したまま、タンク３０内に熱源水を供給し、排出口２５から新たな熱源水が出てきた段階で排出口２５を閉めれば、残存していたスケールを含む熱源水を全て排出し、新たな熱源水を補充することができる。   The replenishment of the discharged heat source water may be performed from the tank 30 after the discharge port 25 is closed. However, the heat source water is supplied into the tank 30 with the discharge port 25 being opened, and a new heat source is supplied from the discharge port 25. If the discharge port 25 is closed at the stage where water comes out, all the heat source water including the remaining scale can be discharged and replenished with new heat source water.

熱源水の補充後、循環ポンプ１８を稼動させる。この工程で、熱源水配管系統１０２内に残存する空気は、接続部Ｇが配管上面側に設けられているので、タンク３０を介して抜けていく。上記工程は、第３切替手段２３及び第４切替手段２４を予め操作して、分岐配管２８側の流路を閉めた状態としておくと、主配管１６内のエア抜き工程と並行しながら、通常の稼動状態に復帰する。   After replenishing the heat source water, the circulation pump 18 is operated. In this step, the air remaining in the heat source water piping system 102 escapes through the tank 30 because the connection portion G is provided on the upper surface side of the piping. In the above process, when the third switching unit 23 and the fourth switching unit 24 are operated in advance so that the flow path on the branch pipe 28 side is closed, the normal process is performed in parallel with the air venting process in the main pipe 16. Return to the operating state.

以上では、スケールを含む熱源水を外部に排出して交換する洗浄専用の工程を示したが、冷房または暖房運転と並行して熱交換器１４内部のスケール除去を行うこともできる。具体的には、第１切替手段２１、第２切替手段２２を図２、図３に示すように交互に操作して熱交換器１４の熱源水の流れる方向を交互に変える。この過程で剥離して熱源水配管系統１０２を熱源水とともに循環するスケールは、循環ポンプ１８と分岐点Ａとの間に設けられたストレーナで捕集される。本発明の構成では、どのような流路を設定しても、この区間は常に同じ方向に熱源水が流れるため、バイパス回路を用いずに主配管１６上にストレーナを設けても、ストレーナに捕集されたごみやスケールが再放出されるおそれがない。   In the above, the cleaning-only process for discharging the heat source water including the scale to the outside and exchanging it has been shown, but the scale inside the heat exchanger 14 can be removed in parallel with the cooling or heating operation. Specifically, the first switching means 21 and the second switching means 22 are alternately operated as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 to alternately change the flow direction of the heat source water in the heat exchanger 14. The scale that peels in this process and circulates in the heat source water piping system 102 together with the heat source water is collected by a strainer provided between the circulation pump 18 and the branch point A. In the configuration of the present invention, the heat source water always flows in the same direction regardless of the flow path, so even if a strainer is provided on the main pipe 16 without using the bypass circuit, the strainer captures it. There is no risk that collected garbage or scale will be re-released.

このように、本実施の形態に係るヒートポンプに接続される熱源水配管系統１０２は、第１分岐配管１９及び第２分岐配管２０を設け、第１分岐配管１９及び第２分岐配管２０を経由して熱源水を流すか否かを切替えることで、熱交換器１４内の熱源水の流れ方向を切替ることができる。   Thus, the heat source water piping system 102 connected to the heat pump according to the present embodiment includes the first branch pipe 19 and the second branch pipe 20, and passes through the first branch pipe 19 and the second branch pipe 20. The flow direction of the heat source water in the heat exchanger 14 can be switched by switching whether to flow the heat source water.

これにより、冷房時と暖房時で、冷媒配管１５内の冷媒の流れ方向が切り替わるのに応じて、熱交換器１４内の熱源水の流れ方向を切替え、冷房時と暖房時のいずれにおいても、熱交換器１４における冷媒と熱源水を対向流とし、熱交換効率を向上させることができる。   Thereby, the flow direction of the heat source water in the heat exchanger 14 is switched according to switching of the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 15 between the cooling time and the heating time. The refrigerant and the heat source water in the heat exchanger 14 can be made to counter flow, and the heat exchange efficiency can be improved.

また、本実施の形態に係るヒートポンプに接続される熱源水配管系統１０２に、熱交換器１４内の熱源水の流れ方向を切替る構造を設けているため、室外機８内部に冷媒の流れ方向を切換えて、熱交換器１４で冷媒と熱源水とを対向流にする切替弁が設けられていないヒートポンプであっても、冷房時及び暖房時の両方において高い熱交換効率を得ることができる。   Moreover, since the heat source water piping system 102 connected to the heat pump according to the present embodiment is provided with a structure for switching the flow direction of the heat source water in the heat exchanger 14, the flow direction of the refrigerant in the outdoor unit 8. Even if the heat pump is not provided with a switching valve that switches the refrigerant and the heat source water to the opposite flow in the heat exchanger 14, high heat exchange efficiency can be obtained both during cooling and during heating.

また、本実施の形態に係るヒートポンプに接続される熱源水配管系統１０２に、熱交換器１４内の熱源水の流れ方向を切替える手段（第１分岐配管１９、第２分岐配管２０、第１切替手段２１、第２切替手段２２）を簡易な構成で設けたので室外機８側に切替弁を設けるよりも、設備コストを削減して同様の効果を得ることができる。   Further, means for switching the flow direction of the heat source water in the heat exchanger 14 (the first branch pipe 19, the second branch pipe 20, the first switch) to the heat source water pipe system 102 connected to the heat pump according to the present embodiment. Since the means 21 and the second switching means 22) are provided with a simple configuration, it is possible to reduce the equipment cost and obtain the same effect as compared to providing a switching valve on the outdoor unit 8 side.

さらに、本実施の形態では、第３分岐配管２８によるバイパス回路、タンク３０、排出口２５の位置を適切に配置し、さらに熱交換器１４近傍に設けることにより、洗浄に供する熱源水の量を削減し、熱交換器１４内のスケールを容易に洗浄することができる。   Further, in the present embodiment, the position of the bypass circuit by the third branch pipe 28, the tank 30, and the discharge port 25 are appropriately arranged, and further provided in the vicinity of the heat exchanger 14, thereby reducing the amount of heat source water used for cleaning. And the scale in the heat exchanger 14 can be easily cleaned.

なお、本発明は、上記のような実施の形態に限られるものではなく、いわゆる当業者によって種々の設計変更を行うことができる。   The present invention is not limited to the embodiment as described above, and various design changes can be made by a person skilled in the art.

例えば、本実施の形態では、第１切替手段２１と第２切替手段２２が分岐点Ａと分岐点Ｄのそれぞれに設けられているが、分岐点Ｂや分岐点Ｃにさらに切替手段を設置するように構成してもよく、さらに、切替手段は三方弁に限定しない。   For example, in the present embodiment, the first switching unit 21 and the second switching unit 22 are provided at the branch point A and the branch point D, respectively, but a switching unit is further installed at the branch point B and the branch point C. Further, the switching means is not limited to a three-way valve.

また、ストレーナ等、配管内のごみ、スケール成分を除去するスケール除去装置を、循環ポンプ１８と分岐点Ａとの間に設けることにより、どのような流路を設定しても、この区間は常に同じ方向に熱源水が流れるため、バイパス回路を用いずに主配管１６上にストレーナを設けても、ストレーナに捕集されたごみやスケールが再放出されるおそれがない。   In addition, by providing a scale remover, such as a strainer, that removes dirt and scale components in the pipe between the circulation pump 18 and the branch point A, this section is always set regardless of the flow path. Since the heat source water flows in the same direction, even if a strainer is provided on the main pipe 16 without using a bypass circuit, there is no possibility that dust and scale collected by the strainer will be released again.

８ 地中熱利用ヒートポンプ室外機
１３ 地中熱交換部
１４ 熱交換器（一次側熱交換器）
１５ 冷媒配管
１６ 主配管
１８ 循環ポンプ
１９ 第１分岐配管
２０ 第２分岐配管
２１ 第１切替手段
２２ 第２切替手段
２３ 第３切替手段
２４ 第４切替手段
２５ 排出口
２６ 洗浄用流体
２８ 第３分岐配管
３０ タンク
１００ 地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステム
１０１ 地中熱利用ヒートポンプ
１０２ 熱源水配管系統 8 Heat pump outdoor unit using geothermal heat 13 Ground heat exchanger 14 Heat exchanger (primary heat exchanger)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Refrigerant piping 16 Main piping 18 Circulation pump 19 1st branch piping 20 2nd branch piping 21 1st switching means 22 2nd switching means 23 3rd switching means 24 4th switching means 25 Outlet 26 Cleaning fluid 28 3rd branch Piping 30 Tank 100 Geothermal heat pump system 101 Geothermal heat pump 102 Heat source water piping system

Claims (12)

ヒートポンプ室外機の一次側熱交換器に接続される熱源水配管であって、
熱源水と地盤との間で熱交換を行う地中熱交換部と、
一次側熱交換器との第１接続部Ｘから地中熱交換部を介して一次側熱交換器との第２の接続部Ｙに至る主配管と、
主配管上の、第１接続部Ｘ側の分岐点Ａと、第２接続部Ｙ側の分岐点Ｂとの間に設けられた第１分岐配管と、
主配管上の、第１接続部Ｘと分岐点Ａとの間に設けられた分岐点Ｃと、第２接続部Ｙ側の分岐点Ｂよりも一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられた分岐点Ｄとの間に設けられた第２分岐配管と、
主配管上の、分岐点Ａより一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられ、かつ分岐点Ａに向けて吐出する循環ポンプと、
分岐点Ａにおいて、第１分岐配管側の流路と分岐点Ｃ側の流路とを切替可能な第１切替手段と、
分岐点Ｄにおいて、第２分岐配管側の流路と分岐点Ｂ側の流路とを切替可能な第２切替手段と、を備え、
主配管において、循環ポンプよりも一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられた分岐点Ｅと、分岐点Ｄよりも一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられた分岐点Ｆとの間に設けられた第３分岐配管と、
分岐点Ｅにおいて、第３分岐配管側の流路と、分岐点Ａ側の流路とを切替える第３切替手段と、
分岐点Ｆにおいて、第３分岐配管側の流路と、分岐点Ｄ側の流路とを切替える第４切替手段と、
分岐点Ａと分岐点Ｅとの間にタンクからの配管接続部を有し、
分岐点Ｃから一次側熱交換器を介して分岐点Ｂに至るまでの流路に設けられた排出口と、を備える熱源水配管。 A heat source water pipe connected to the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump outdoor unit,
An underground heat exchange section that exchanges heat between the heat source water and the ground,
A main pipe from the first connection X with the primary heat exchanger to the second connection Y with the primary heat exchanger via the underground heat exchange;
On the main pipe, a first branch pipe provided between a branch point A on the first connection part X side and a branch point B on the second connection part Y side;
On the main pipe, provided at a position farther from the primary heat exchanger than the branch point C provided between the first connection part X and the branch point A and the branch point B on the second connection part Y side. A second branch pipe provided between the branch point D and
A circulation pump which is provided at a position farther from the primary heat exchanger than the branch point A on the main pipe and discharges toward the branch point A;
A first switching means capable of switching the flow path on the first branch pipe side and the flow path on the branch point C side at the branch point A;
A second switching means capable of switching between the flow path on the second branch pipe side and the flow path on the branch point B side at the branch point D;
In the main piping, it is provided between a branch point E provided at a position farther from the primary side heat exchanger than the circulation pump and a branch point F provided at a position farther from the primary side heat exchanger than the branch point D. A third branch pipe,
A third switching means for switching the flow path on the third branch pipe side and the flow path on the branch point A side at the branch point E;
A fourth switching means for switching the flow path on the third branch pipe side and the flow path on the branch point D side at the branch point F;
Between the branch point A and the branch point E, there is a pipe connection part from the tank,
A heat source water pipe comprising: a discharge port provided in a flow path from the branch point C to the branch point B through the primary side heat exchanger. 第１切替手段及び第２切替手段を用いて、一次側熱交換器内の熱源水の流れる方向を切り替え、一次側熱交換器内において隣接して流れるヒートポンプの冷媒と熱源水の流れ方向を、採熱時と放熱時のいずれにおいても対向流とする請求項１に記載の熱源水配管。   Using the first switching means and the second switching means, the flow direction of the heat source water in the primary side heat exchanger is switched, and the flow direction of the heat pump refrigerant and the heat source water flowing adjacently in the primary side heat exchanger is changed, The heat source water pipe according to claim 1, wherein the heat source water pipe is used as a counter flow in both heat collection and heat radiation. 分岐点Ａと循環ポンプの間にスケール除去装置を配した請求項１又は２に記載の熱源水配管。   The heat source water pipe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a scale removing device is disposed between the branch point A and the circulation pump. 請求項１乃至３のうちいずれかに記載の熱源水配管とヒートポンプとを備えた地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステム。 A heat pump system using geothermal heat, comprising the heat source water pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a heat pump. 請求項１乃至３のうちいずれかに記載の熱源水配管とヒートポンプを備えた地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法であって、
第１切替手段と第２切替手段を用いて、ヒートポンプの一次側熱交換器における第１接続部Ｘから第２接続部Ｙまでの熱源水配管を流れる熱源水の流れの方向を交互に切り替えた後、
タンクから分岐点Ａと分岐点Ｅとの間へタンク内に貯留した流体を供給し、
前記流体によって押し出された熱源水を、排出口から排出する地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法。 A method for cleaning the inside of a primary heat exchanger of a ground heat heat pump system comprising the heat source water pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a heat pump,
Using the first switching means and the second switching means, the direction of the flow of the heat source water flowing through the heat source water pipe from the first connection portion X to the second connection portion Y in the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump was alternately switched. rear,
Supply the fluid stored in the tank between the branch point A and the branch point E from the tank,
A method for cleaning the inside of a primary heat exchanger using a geothermal heat pump system that discharges heat source water pushed out by the fluid from a discharge port. 熱源水配管とヒートポンプを備えた地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法であって、
熱源水配管は、ヒートポンプ室外機の一次側熱交換器に接続される熱源水配管であって、
熱源水と地盤との間で熱交換を行う地中熱交換部と、
一次側熱交換器との第１接続部Ｘから地中熱交換部を介して一次側熱交換器との第２の接続部Ｙに至る主配管と、
主配管上の、第１接続部Ｘ側の分岐点Ａと、第２接続部Ｙ側の分岐点Ｂとの間に設けられた第１分岐配管と、
主配管上の、第１接続部Ｘと分岐点Ａとの間に設けられた分岐点Ｃと、第２接続部Ｙ側の分岐点Ｂよりも一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられた分岐点Ｄとの間に設けられた第２分岐配管と、
主配管上の、分岐点Ａより一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられ、かつ分岐点Ａに向けて吐出する循環ポンプと、
分岐点Ａにおいて、第１分岐配管側の流路と分岐点Ｃ側の流路とを切替可能な第１切替手段と、
分岐点Ｄにおいて、第２分岐配管側の流路と分岐点Ｂ側の流路とを切替可能な第２切替手段と、を備え、
分岐点Ａと循環ポンプの間にスケール除去装置を配した熱源水配管であり、
第１切替手段と第２切替手段を用いて、ヒートポンプの一次側熱交換器における第１接続部Ｘから第２接続部Ｙまでの熱源水配管を流れる熱源水の流れの方向を交互に切り替えた後、
タンクから分岐点Ａと分岐点Ｅとの間へタンク内に貯留した流体を供給し、
前記流体によって押し出された熱源水を、排出口から排出する地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法。 A method for cleaning the inside of the primary heat exchanger of a heat pump system using a geothermal heat equipped with a heat source water pipe and a heat pump,
The heat source water pipe is a heat source water pipe connected to the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump outdoor unit,
An underground heat exchange section that exchanges heat between the heat source water and the ground,
A main pipe from the first connection X with the primary heat exchanger to the second connection Y with the primary heat exchanger via the underground heat exchange;
On the main pipe, a first branch pipe provided between a branch point A on the first connection part X side and a branch point B on the second connection part Y side;
On the main pipe, provided at a position farther from the primary heat exchanger than the branch point C provided between the first connection part X and the branch point A and the branch point B on the second connection part Y side. A second branch pipe provided between the branch point D and
A circulation pump which is provided at a position farther from the primary heat exchanger than the branch point A on the main pipe and discharges toward the branch point A;
A first switching means capable of switching the flow path on the first branch pipe side and the flow path on the branch point C side at the branch point A;
A second switching means capable of switching between the flow path on the second branch pipe side and the flow path on the branch point B side at the branch point D ;
A heat source water pipe with a scale removing device between the branch point A and the circulation pump ,
Using the first switching means and the second switching means, the direction of the flow of the heat source water flowing through the heat source water pipe from the first connection portion X to the second connection portion Y in the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump was alternately switched. rear,
Supply the fluid stored in the tank between the branch point A and the branch point E from the tank,
A method for cleaning the inside of a primary heat exchanger using a geothermal heat pump system that discharges heat source water pushed out by the fluid from a discharge port. 熱源水配管は、第１切替手段及び第２切替手段を用いて、一次側熱交換器内の熱源水の流れる方向を切り替え、一次側熱交換器内において隣接して流れるヒートポンプの冷媒と熱源水の流れ方向を、採熱時と放熱時のいずれにおいても対向流とする熱源水配管である請求項６に記載の地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法。 The heat source water pipe uses the first switching means and the second switching means to switch the flow direction of the heat source water in the primary side heat exchanger, and the heat pump refrigerant and the heat source water flowing adjacently in the primary side heat exchanger. 7. The method for cleaning the inside of a primary heat exchanger using a geothermal heat pump system according to claim 6 , wherein the heat source water pipe is a counter flow in both the heat collecting and heat radiating directions. 請求項３に記載の熱源水配管とヒートポンプを備えた地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法であって、
第１切替手段と第２切替手段を用いて、ヒートポンプの一次側熱交換器における第１接続部Ｘから第２接続部Ｙまでの熱源水配管を流れる熱源水の流れの方向を交互に切り替え、
一次側熱交換器内部のスケールを、分岐点Ａと循環ポンプ間に設置したスケール除去装置により捕捉する一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法。 A method for cleaning the inside of the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump system using geothermal heat comprising the heat source water pipe and the heat pump according to claim 3 ,
Using the first switching means and the second switching means, alternately switch the direction of the flow of the heat source water flowing through the heat source water pipe from the first connection portion X to the second connection portion Y in the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump,
A cleaning method for the inside of the primary side heat exchanger, in which the scale inside the primary side heat exchanger is captured by a scale removing device installed between the branch point A and the circulation pump. 熱源水配管とヒートポンプを備えた地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法であって、
熱源水配管は、ヒートポンプ室外機の一次側熱交換器に接続される熱源水配管であって、
熱源水と地盤との間で熱交換を行う地中熱交換部と、
一次側熱交換器との第１接続部Ｘから地中熱交換部を介して一次側熱交換器との第２の接続部Ｙに至る主配管と、
主配管上の、第１接続部Ｘ側の分岐点Ａと、第２接続部Ｙ側の分岐点Ｂとの間に設けられた第１分岐配管と、
主配管上の、第１接続部Ｘと分岐点Ａとの間に設けられた分岐点Ｃと、第２接続部Ｙ側の分岐点Ｂよりも一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられた分岐点Ｄとの間に設けられた第２分岐配管と、
主配管上の、分岐点Ａより一次側熱交換器から遠い位置に設けられ、かつ分岐点Ａに向けて吐出する循環ポンプと、
分岐点Ａにおいて、第１分岐配管側の流路と分岐点Ｃ側の流路とを切替可能な第１切替手段と、
分岐点Ｄにおいて、第２分岐配管側の流路と分岐点Ｂ側の流路とを切替可能な第２切替手段と、を備え、
分岐点Ａと循環ポンプの間にスケール除去装置を配した熱源水配管であり、
第１切替手段と第２切替手段を用いて、ヒートポンプの一次側熱交換器における第１接続部Ｘから第２接続部Ｙまでの熱源水配管を流れる熱源水の流れの方向を交互に切り替え、
一次側熱交換器内部のスケールを、分岐点Ａと循環ポンプ間に設置したスケール除去装置により捕捉する一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法。 A method for cleaning the inside of the primary heat exchanger of a heat pump system using a geothermal heat equipped with a heat source water pipe and a heat pump,
The heat source water pipe is a heat source water pipe connected to the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump outdoor unit,
An underground heat exchange section that exchanges heat between the heat source water and the ground,
A main pipe from the first connection X with the primary heat exchanger to the second connection Y with the primary heat exchanger via the underground heat exchange;
On the main pipe, a first branch pipe provided between a branch point A on the first connection part X side and a branch point B on the second connection part Y side;
On the main pipe, provided at a position farther from the primary heat exchanger than the branch point C provided between the first connection part X and the branch point A and the branch point B on the second connection part Y side. A second branch pipe provided between the branch point D and
A circulation pump which is provided at a position farther from the primary heat exchanger than the branch point A on the main pipe and discharges toward the branch point A;
A first switching means capable of switching the flow path on the first branch pipe side and the flow path on the branch point C side at the branch point A;
A second switching means capable of switching between the flow path on the second branch pipe side and the flow path on the branch point B side at the branch point D ;
A heat source water pipe with a scale removing device between the branch point A and the circulation pump ,
Using the first switching means and the second switching means, alternately switch the direction of the flow of the heat source water flowing through the heat source water pipe from the first connection portion X to the second connection portion Y in the primary heat exchanger of the heat pump,
A cleaning method for the inside of the primary side heat exchanger, in which the scale inside the primary side heat exchanger is captured by a scale removing device installed between the branch point A and the circulation pump. 熱源水配管は、第１切替手段及び第２切替手段を用いて、一次側熱交換器内の熱源水の流れる方向を切り替え、一次側熱交換器内において隣接して流れるヒートポンプの冷媒と熱源水の流れ方向を、採熱時と放熱時のいずれにおいても対向流とする熱源水配管である請求項９に記載の地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの一次側熱交換器内部の洗浄方法。 The heat source water pipe uses the first switching means and the second switching means to switch the flow direction of the heat source water in the primary side heat exchanger, and the heat pump refrigerant and the heat source water flowing adjacently in the primary side heat exchanger. The cleaning method for the inside of the primary heat exchanger of the geothermal heat pump system according to claim 9 , wherein the heat source water pipe is a counter flow in both the heat collecting and the heat radiation. 第３分岐配管側の流路を設定し、地中熱交換部への循環を停止した状態で洗浄を行う請求項５乃至１０のうちいずれかに記載の洗浄方法。 The washing | cleaning method in any one of Claims 5 thru | or 10 which wash | cleans in the state which set the flow path by the side of 3rd branch piping, and stopped the circulation to an underground heat exchange part. 請求項４に記載の地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムを使用し、
一次側熱交換器及び二次側熱交換器を有するヒートポンプの一次側熱交換器に接続され、一次側熱交換器内部において、地盤と熱交換する地中熱交換部を有する熱源水配管に流れる熱源水と、ヒートポンプの冷媒との熱交換方法であって、
採熱時と放熱時で、熱源水配管に設けられた切替手段によって、一次側熱交換器において流れる熱源水の向きを切替えて、一次側熱交換器において隣接して流れるヒートポンプの冷媒と熱源水の流れを、採熱時と放熱時のいずれにおいても対向流とする熱交換方法。 Using the geothermal heat pump system according to claim 4 ,
It is connected to the primary side heat exchanger of the heat pump having the primary side heat exchanger and the secondary side heat exchanger, and flows to the heat source water pipe having the underground heat exchange part for exchanging heat with the ground inside the primary side heat exchanger. A heat exchange method between heat source water and a heat pump refrigerant,
The heat source water flowing in the primary side heat exchanger and the heat source water flowing adjacent to each other in the primary side heat exchanger by switching the direction of the heat source water flowing in the primary side heat exchanger by switching means provided in the heat source water piping during heat collection and heat dissipation Exchange method in which the flow of water is counterflowed both during heat collection and heat dissipation.
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