JP6398186B2 - Universal joint, universal joint crimping and universal joint manufacturing method - Google Patents
Universal joint, universal joint crimping and universal joint manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、自動車のステアリングジョイント等として用いられる自在継手、当該自在継手の加締め及び当該自在継手の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a universal joint used as a steering joint of an automobile, a caulking of the universal joint, and a method for manufacturing the universal joint.
自動車のステアリング装置は、図１３に示すように、ステアリングホイール１１、ステアリングシャフト１２、自在継手１３Ａ，１３Ｂ、中間シャフト１４、ステアリングギアユニット１５、タイロッド１６等を備える。運転者によって操作されるステアリングホイール１１の動きは、ステアリングシャフト１２、自在継手１３Ａ、中間シャフト１４、自在継手１３Ｂ及びステアリングギアユニット１５を介してタイロッド１６に伝達される。 As shown in FIG. 13, the vehicle steering apparatus includes a steering wheel 11, a steering shaft 12, universal joints 13A and 13B, an intermediate shaft 14, a steering gear unit 15, a tie rod 16, and the like. The movement of the steering wheel 11 operated by the driver is transmitted to the tie rod 16 via the steering shaft 12, the universal joint 13A, the intermediate shaft 14, the universal joint 13B, and the steering gear unit 15.
係るステアリング装置の自在継手として、特許文献１に記載されているような、カルダン継手と呼ばれる十字軸継手が知られている。カルダン継手は、十字軸を介して一対のヨークを連結した自在継手である。ここで、ヨークと十字軸とが回動することから、ヨークと十字軸との連結位置には軸受が設けられている。また、ヨークから軸受が脱落しないよう、ヨークに加締めが設けられている。 As a universal joint of such a steering device, a cross shaft joint called a cardan joint as described in Patent Document 1 is known. The cardan joint is a universal joint in which a pair of yokes are connected via a cross shaft. Here, since the yoke and the cross shaft rotate, a bearing is provided at a connection position between the yoke and the cross shaft. Further, a caulking is provided on the yoke so that the bearing does not fall off from the yoke.
しかしながら、従来の自在継手において軸受を係止する加締めを形成するためには大きな押圧力が必要であった。 However, in order to form a caulking for locking the bearing in the conventional universal joint, a large pressing force is required.
図１４は、従来のカルダン継手における加締め２１の形成方法の一例を示す図である。図１４に示すように、加締め２１は、軸受２２に対して十字軸２３の反対側からヨーク２４に押し付けられる工具２５により形成される。ここで、加締め２１を形成する工具２５の軸受２２側の面２５Ａと、加締め２１が形成される面２１Ａとが平行である。このような加締め２１の形成方法では、加締め２１の形成に要求される工具２５の押圧力が大きい。このため、工具２５を押し付けるための設備の大型化を免れない。また、係る大きな押圧力を必要とする加締め形成工程では、複数回の加締め形成動作における押圧力の印加と解除のサイクルタイムを縮めることが困難であり、非効率である。 FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for forming the caulking 21 in the conventional cardan joint. As shown in FIG. 14, the caulking 21 is formed by a tool 25 pressed against the yoke 24 from the opposite side of the cross shaft 23 with respect to the bearing 22. Here, the surface 25A on the bearing 22 side of the tool 25 forming the caulking 21 and the surface 21A on which the caulking 21 is formed are parallel to each other. In such a caulking 21 forming method, the pressing force of the tool 25 required for forming the caulking 21 is large. For this reason, the enlargement of the equipment for pressing the tool 25 is unavoidable. Further, in the caulking forming step that requires such a large pressing force, it is difficult to shorten the cycle time for applying and releasing the pressing force in a plurality of caulking forming operations, which is inefficient.
本発明は、より小さな力で加締めを形成することができる自在継手を提供することを目的とする。また、本発明は、より小さな力で形成することができる自在継手の加締めを提供することを目的とする。また、本発明は、より小さな力で加締めを形成することができる自在継手の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a universal joint capable of forming caulking with a smaller force. Another object of the present invention is to provide caulking of a universal joint that can be formed with a smaller force. Moreover, an object of this invention is to provide the manufacturing method of the universal joint which can form caulking with smaller force.
上記の目的を達成するための本発明の自在継手は、一対のヨークと、前記一対のヨークを連結する十字軸と、前記ヨークと前記十字軸との間に介在するよう設けられる軸受と、を備え、前記ヨークには、前記軸受が嵌められる貫通穴である軸受穴と、前記軸受に対して前記十字軸の反対側に位置する前記軸受穴の内周面から当該軸受穴の内側に向かって延出する加締めとが設けられ、前記加締めの前記反対側の面と当該面に連続する前記ヨークの面との間の角が鋭角である。 In order to achieve the above object, a universal joint of the present invention includes a pair of yokes, a cross shaft connecting the pair of yokes, and a bearing provided to be interposed between the yoke and the cross shaft. The yoke includes a bearing hole that is a through hole into which the bearing is fitted, and an inner peripheral surface of the bearing hole that is located on the opposite side of the cross shaft with respect to the bearing toward the inside of the bearing hole. An extending caulking is provided, and an angle between the opposite surface of the caulking and the surface of the yoke continuous with the surface is an acute angle.
従って、軸受に対して十字軸の反対側で軸受を係止する加締めの形成時に加えられる力は、当該反対側に面する加締めの面とヨークとの間の角が鋭角となるように加えられる力である。よって、軸受穴に対する軸受の挿入方向に対して直交する平面に沿った面が当該反対側に形成される加締めに比して、加締めの形成に係る押圧力を鋭角の先端部分により集中することができる。すなわち押圧力をより集中することができる分、加締めの形成時にヨークに加えられる全体の力をより小さくすることができるので、より小さな力で加締めを形成することができる。 Therefore, the force applied when forming the caulking for locking the bearing on the opposite side of the cross shaft to the bearing is such that the angle between the caulking surface facing the opposite side and the yoke becomes an acute angle. It is the force applied. Therefore, as compared with the caulking in which the surface along the plane perpendicular to the insertion direction of the bearing with respect to the bearing hole is formed on the opposite side, the pressing force related to the caulking formation is concentrated on the acute end portion. be able to. That is, since the pressing force can be more concentrated, the overall force applied to the yoke when forming the caulking can be reduced, so that the caulking can be formed with a smaller force.
本発明の自在継手では、前記加締めは、前記角に対応する鋭角の突出部を有する工具を前記反対側から前記ヨークに押し付けることで形成される。 In the universal joint of the present invention, the caulking is formed by pressing a tool having an acute protrusion corresponding to the corner against the yoke from the opposite side.
従って、突出部の鋭角によって当該鋭角の先端部による押圧力の集中を容易に実現することができるので、より小さな力で加締めを形成することができる。また、ヨークに対する突出部の進入によってヨークにせん断応力を加えて、軸受穴の縁を軸受穴の内側に延出させることができる。すなわち圧縮応力だけでなくせん断応力によって加締めを形成することができるので、より小さな力で加締めを形成することができる。 Accordingly, since the concentration of the pressing force by the acute tip portion can be easily realized by the acute angle of the protrusion, the caulking can be formed with a smaller force. Also, the edge of the bearing hole can be extended to the inside of the bearing hole by applying a shearing stress to the yoke by the approach of the protruding portion to the yoke. That is, since caulking can be formed not only by compressive stress but also by shear stress, caulking can be formed with a smaller force.
上記の目的を達成するための本発明の自在継手の加締めは、一対のヨークと、前記一対のヨークを連結する十字軸と、前記ヨークと前記十字軸との間に介在するよう設けられる軸受と、を備える自在継手において前記軸受が嵌められる貫通穴である前記ヨークの軸受穴の内周面における前記軸受に対して前記十字軸の反対側から当該軸受穴の内側に向かって延出する自在継手の加締めであって、前記加締めの前記反対側の面と当該面に連続する前記ヨークの面との間の角が鋭角である。 In order to achieve the above object, caulking of the universal joint according to the present invention includes a pair of yokes, a cross shaft connecting the pair of yokes, and a bearing provided so as to be interposed between the yoke and the cross shaft. And a universal joint that includes a through hole into which the bearing is fitted, and that extends freely from the opposite side of the cross shaft toward the inside of the bearing hole with respect to the bearing on the inner peripheral surface of the bearing hole of the yoke. In the caulking of the joint, an angle between the surface opposite to the caulking and the surface of the yoke continuous with the surface is an acute angle.
従って、軸受に対して十字軸の反対側で軸受を係止する加締めの形成時に加えられる力は、当該反対側に面する加締めの面とヨークとの間の角が鋭角となるように加えられる力であることから、加締めの形成に係る押圧力を鋭角の先端部分により集中することができる分、加締めの形成時にヨークに加えられる全体の力をより小さくすることができるので、より小さな力で加締めを形成することができる。 Therefore, the force applied when forming the caulking for locking the bearing on the opposite side of the cross shaft to the bearing is such that the angle between the caulking surface facing the opposite side and the yoke becomes an acute angle. Since it is the force that is applied, the overall force applied to the yoke during the formation of the caulking can be made smaller, since the pressing force related to the caulking formation can be concentrated on the sharp tip portion, The caulking can be formed with a smaller force.
上記の目的を達成するための本発明の自在継手の製造方法は、一対のヨークと、前記一対のヨークを連結する十字軸と、前記ヨークと前記十字軸との間に介在するよう設けられる軸受と、を備え、前記ヨークには、前記軸受が嵌められる貫通穴である軸受穴と、前記軸受に対して前記十字軸の反対側に位置する前記軸受穴の内周面から当該軸受穴の内側に向かって延出する加締めとが設けられる自在継手の製造方法であって、前記ヨークの前記反対側から鋭角を有する工具を前記ヨークに押し付けて、前記加締めの前記反対側の面と当該面に連続する前記ヨークの面との間の角が鋭角となる加締めを形成する。 In order to achieve the above object, a method for manufacturing a universal joint according to the present invention includes a pair of yokes, a cross shaft connecting the pair of yokes, and a bearing provided so as to be interposed between the yoke and the cross shaft. The yoke includes a bearing hole which is a through hole into which the bearing is fitted, and an inner surface of the bearing hole from an inner peripheral surface of the bearing hole located on the opposite side of the cross shaft with respect to the bearing. A universal joint manufacturing method, wherein a tool having an acute angle is pressed against the yoke from the opposite side of the yoke, and the surface on the opposite side of the crimping A caulking is formed so that the angle between the surface of the yoke continuous with the surface becomes an acute angle.
従って、軸受に対して十字軸の反対側で軸受を係止する加締めの形成時に加えられる力は、当該反対側に面する加締めの面とヨークとの間の角が鋭角となるように加えられる力であることから、加締めの形成に係る押圧力を鋭角の先端部分により集中することができる分、加締めの形成時にヨークに加えられる全体の力をより小さくすることができるので、より小さな力で加締めを形成することができる。また、工具の鋭角によって当該鋭角の先端部による押圧力の集中を容易に実現することができるので、より小さな力で加締めを形成することができる。 Therefore, the force applied when forming the caulking for locking the bearing on the opposite side of the cross shaft to the bearing is such that the angle between the caulking surface facing the opposite side and the yoke becomes an acute angle. Since it is the force that is applied, the overall force applied to the yoke during the formation of the caulking can be made smaller, since the pressing force related to the caulking formation can be concentrated on the sharp tip portion, The caulking can be formed with a smaller force. Moreover, since the concentration of the pressing force by the acute angle tip portion can be easily realized by the acute angle of the tool, the caulking can be formed with a smaller force.
本発明の自在継手によれば、より小さな力で加締めを形成することができる。また、本発明の自在継手の加締めによれば、より小さな力で形成することができる。また、本発明の自在継手の製造方法によれば、より小さな力で加締めを形成することができる。 According to the universal joint of the present invention, caulking can be formed with a smaller force. Moreover, according to the caulking of the universal joint of the present invention, it can be formed with a smaller force. Moreover, according to the method for manufacturing a universal joint of the present invention, caulking can be formed with a smaller force.
以下、本発明に係る実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されない。以下で説明する各実施形態の要件は、適宜組み合わせることができる。また、一部の構成要素を用いない場合もある。 Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The requirements of the embodiments described below can be combined as appropriate. Some components may not be used.
図１は、本発明による自在継手１０を二組備える中間シャフト１を示す図である。二組の自在継手のうち一組の自在継手１０（図１の右側）については、ヨーク２、十字軸４及び軸受５の位置関係を示すため、断面図としている。 FIG. 1 is a view showing an intermediate shaft 1 having two sets of universal joints 10 according to the present invention. Of the two sets of universal joints, one set of universal joints 10 (the right side in FIG. 1) is a sectional view in order to show the positional relationship between the yoke 2, the cross shaft 4, and the bearing 5.
中間シャフト１は、例えば、シャフト部３、二組の自在継手１０を備える。自在継手１０はそれぞれ、一対のヨーク２、十字軸４、四つの軸受５等を備える。これらの部材は、例えば、金属製の構造体を主要部とし、樹脂その他の材料からなる部品との組み合わせにより構成されるが、一例であってこれに限られるものでなく、適宜変更可能である。 The intermediate shaft 1 includes, for example, a shaft portion 3 and two sets of universal joints 10. Each of the universal joints 10 includes a pair of yokes 2, a cross shaft 4, four bearings 5 and the like. These members are composed of, for example, a metal structure as a main part and a combination with parts made of resin or other materials, but are not limited to this example, and can be appropriately changed. .
ヨーク２は、その内側に十字軸４を収めることができるように設けられた二又状の部材である。例えば図１に示すように、ヨーク２は、シャフト部３が延設された側と反対側に延設された二又の先端側がコの字状になっている。 The yoke 2 is a bifurcated member provided so that the cross shaft 4 can be accommodated therein. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the yoke 2 has a U-shape at the bifurcated tip side that extends to the side opposite to the side where the shaft portion 3 extends.
シャフト部３は、二組の自在継手１０を構成する一対のヨーク２のうち一方のヨーク２同士を同一軸線上に固定する。具体的には、シャフト部３は、例えば、二つのヨーク２のうち一方のヨーク２から延設された棒状の挿入シャフト３Ａと、他方のヨーク２から延設された筒状の被挿入シャフト３Ｂからなる。挿入シャフト３Ａが被挿入シャフト３Ｂに挿入された状態で固定されることで、二つのヨーク２がシャフト部３を介して同一軸線上に固定される。 The shaft portion 3 fixes one yoke 2 of the pair of yokes 2 constituting the two sets of universal joints 10 on the same axis. Specifically, the shaft portion 3 includes, for example, a rod-shaped insertion shaft 3 </ b> A extending from one yoke 2 of the two yokes 2, and a cylindrical inserted shaft 3 </ b> B extending from the other yoke 2. Consists of. The two yokes 2 are fixed on the same axis via the shaft portion 3 by fixing the insertion shaft 3A while being inserted into the insertion shaft 3B.
十字軸４は、同一平面に沿って互いに直交する二つの軸線の交差点を中心として、当該二つの軸線の各々に沿って外側に延設された円柱状の四つの軸部４Ａを有する。すなわち十字軸４は、十字状の形状である。 The cross shaft 4 has four cylindrical shaft portions 4A that extend outward along each of the two axes around the intersection of two axes orthogonal to each other along the same plane. That is, the cross shaft 4 has a cross shape.
軸受５は、十字軸４の四つの軸部４Ａの各々とヨーク２とを回動可能に連結する。具体的には、軸受５は、例えば、ニードルベアリング等のラジアル軸受である。軸受５は、その内側で十字軸４の四つの軸部４Ａの各々の円筒状の外周面と当接し、その外周側でヨーク２に設けられた軸受穴２Ａの内周面２Ｂと当接する。このように、軸受５は、ヨーク２と十字軸４との間に介在するよう設けられる。 The bearing 5 rotatably connects each of the four shaft portions 4A of the cross shaft 4 and the yoke 2. Specifically, the bearing 5 is a radial bearing such as a needle bearing. The bearing 5 contacts the cylindrical outer peripheral surface of each of the four shaft portions 4A of the cross shaft 4 on the inner side, and contacts the inner peripheral surface 2B of the bearing hole 2A provided in the yoke 2 on the outer peripheral side. Thus, the bearing 5 is provided so as to be interposed between the yoke 2 and the cross shaft 4.
十字軸４は、一組の自在継手１０を構成する一対のヨーク２を連結する。具体的には、十字軸４の四つの軸部４Ａのうち同一軸線上に存する二つの軸部４Ａ（一組の軸部）の一方と、一対のヨーク２のうち一方のヨーク２とが連結される。また、一組の軸部の他方と、他方のヨーク２とが連結される。このように、一対のヨーク２は、十字軸４の交差点を介して互いに対向する二又の分岐の先端側が直交する位置関係で連結される。また、軸受５を介した連結により、十字軸４とヨーク２の各々とが回動可能に設けられることから、十字軸４の二つの軸線を回動軸として、一対のヨーク２同士も回動可能に連結されることになる。 The cross shaft 4 connects a pair of yokes 2 constituting a set of universal joints 10. Specifically, one of the two shaft portions 4A (a set of shaft portions) existing on the same axis among the four shaft portions 4A of the cross shaft 4 is connected to one yoke 2 of the pair of yokes 2. Is done. Further, the other of the pair of shaft portions and the other yoke 2 are connected. In this way, the pair of yokes 2 are connected in a positional relationship in which the tip ends of the two forks facing each other through the intersection of the cross shaft 4 are orthogonal to each other. Further, since the cross shaft 4 and each of the yokes 2 are rotatably provided by the connection via the bearings 5, the pair of yokes 2 are also rotated around the two axes of the cross shaft 4 as rotation axes. It will be connected as possible.
図２は、一つの軸部４Ａに設けられる軸受５付近の拡大断面図である。軸受５は、軸部４Ａの先端側に位置する側面５Ａで軸部４Ａの先端を覆う。また、軸受５は、側面５Ａ側で加締め６に係止される。 FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the bearing 5 provided on one shaft portion 4A. The bearing 5 covers the tip of the shaft portion 4A with a side surface 5A located on the tip side of the shaft portion 4A. The bearing 5 is locked to the caulking 6 on the side surface 5A side.
ヨーク２には、軸受穴２Ａと、加締め６とが設けられる。軸受穴２Ａは、十字軸４とヨーク２との回動軸方向、すなわち十字軸４の軸部４Ａの中心軸方向に沿って延設される貫通穴である。加締め６は、軸受５に対して十字軸４の反対側に位置する軸受穴２Ａの内周面２Ｂから当該軸受穴２Ａの内側に向かって延出する。ここで、加締め６の反対側の面６Ａと、面６Ａに連続するヨーク２の面（例えば内周面２Ｂ）との間の角Ｓが鋭角である。具体的には、加締め６は、軸受５の外側に位置して軸受５に当接しない部分の軸受穴２Ａの内周面２Ｂから延出する。ここで、加締め６の反対側（図２に示す上側）の面６Ａと加締め６の外側に位置する軸受穴２Ａの内周面２Ｂにより形成される角Ｓの開口角度は、９０°未満の鋭角である。 The yoke 2 is provided with a bearing hole 2A and a caulking 6. The bearing hole 2 </ b> A is a through-hole extending along the rotational axis direction of the cross shaft 4 and the yoke 2, that is, along the central axis direction of the shaft portion 4 </ b> A of the cross shaft 4. The caulking 6 extends from the inner peripheral surface 2B of the bearing hole 2A located on the opposite side of the cross shaft 4 with respect to the bearing 5 toward the inside of the bearing hole 2A. Here, the angle S between the surface 6A on the opposite side of the caulking 6 and the surface of the yoke 2 (for example, the inner peripheral surface 2B) continuous with the surface 6A is an acute angle. Specifically, the caulking 6 extends from the inner peripheral surface 2 </ b> B of the bearing hole 2 </ b> A that is located outside the bearing 5 and does not contact the bearing 5. Here, the opening angle of the angle S formed by the surface 6A opposite to the caulking 6 (upper side shown in FIG. 2) and the inner peripheral surface 2B of the bearing hole 2A located outside the caulking 6 is less than 90 °. Is an acute angle.
図３は、加締め６の位置の一例を示す図である。例えば図３に示すように、ヨーク２には、軸受穴２Ａが描く円形の中心を挟んで対向する一対の加締め６が二組設けられる。軸受穴２Ａの中心軸は、当該軸受穴２Ａに嵌められる軸受５及び当該軸受５が設けられる軸部４Ａの中心軸と重なる。 FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the position of the caulking 6. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the yoke 2 is provided with two pairs of caulking 6 that face each other across a circular center drawn by the bearing hole 2A. The central axis of the bearing hole 2A overlaps with the central axis of the bearing 5 fitted in the bearing hole 2A and the shaft portion 4A where the bearing 5 is provided.
図４〜図６は、工具７による加締め６の形成の一例を示す図である。加締め６は、加締め６とヨーク２の面（例えば内周面２Ｂ）との間の角Ｓに対応する鋭角の突出部７Ａを有する工具７を反対側からヨーク２に押し付けることで形成される。具体的には、例えば図４〜図６に示すように、工具７は、突出部７Ａを有する。突出部７Ａは、工具７の先端側に設けられる。突出部７Ａは、ヨーク２に向けられた側の先端が９０°未満の鋭角となっている。 4-6 is a figure which shows an example of formation of the caulking 6 with the tool 7. FIG. The caulking 6 is formed by pressing a tool 7 having an acute protrusion 7A corresponding to an angle S between the caulking 6 and the surface of the yoke 2 (for example, the inner peripheral surface 2B) from the opposite side against the yoke 2. The Specifically, for example, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the tool 7 has a protruding portion 7 </ b> A. The protruding portion 7 </ b> A is provided on the tip side of the tool 7. The protrusion 7A has an acute angle of less than 90 ° at the tip directed toward the yoke 2.
図４に示すように、突出部７Ａの先端は、ヨーク２の反対側の面（図４に示す上側の面）に押し付けられる。工具７は、例えば二つの突出部７Ａを有する。ここで、軸受穴２Ａの中心軸に直交する方向（図２における左右方向）に沿う二つの突出部７Ａの先端同士の間隔は、軸受穴２Ａの径よりも大きい。これによって、工具７をヨーク２の反対側の面に押し付けることで、ヨーク２の反対側の面における軸受穴２Ａ付近（縁）の二か所に二つの突出部７Ａを押し付けることができる。また、これによって、図３等に示すように、加締め６は、軸受穴２Ａの縁が描く円形の円周よりも外側から内側に延出する構造となる。 As shown in FIG. 4, the tip of the protrusion 7 </ b> A is pressed against the opposite surface of the yoke 2 (the upper surface shown in FIG. 4). The tool 7 has, for example, two projecting portions 7A. Here, the space | interval of the front-end | tips of the two protrusion parts 7A along the direction (left-right direction in FIG. 2) orthogonal to the center axis | shaft of 2 A of bearing holes is larger than the diameter of 2 A of bearing holes. Thus, by pressing the tool 7 against the surface on the opposite side of the yoke 2, it is possible to press the two protrusions 7 </ b> A at two locations in the vicinity (edge) of the bearing hole 2 </ b> A on the surface opposite to the yoke 2. Further, as shown in FIG. 3 and the like, the caulking 6 has a structure extending from the outside to the inside rather than the circular circumference drawn by the edge of the bearing hole 2A.
工具７がヨーク２の反対側の面に押し付けられることで、図５に示すように、突出部７Ａが軸受穴２Ａの縁に食い込む。これに伴い、軸受穴２Ａの縁が突出部７Ａの先端の鋭角に応じて軸受穴２Ａの内側に押し出されるように延出する。これによって、軸受穴２Ａの内側に延出した部分が加締め６となる。また、図６に示すように、突出部７Ａが押し付けられていた側の加締め６の面６Ａと、当該面６Ａに連続するヨーク２の面（例えば内周面２Ｂ）との間の角Ｓは、突出部７Ａの鋭角に対応した鋭角となる。 When the tool 7 is pressed against the surface on the opposite side of the yoke 2, as shown in FIG. 5, the protruding portion 7A bites into the edge of the bearing hole 2A. Accordingly, the edge of the bearing hole 2A extends so as to be pushed inside the bearing hole 2A according to the acute angle of the tip of the protruding portion 7A. As a result, the portion extending inside the bearing hole 2 </ b> A becomes the caulking 6. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the angle S between the surface 6A of the caulking 6 on the side where the projecting portion 7A is pressed and the surface of the yoke 2 (for example, the inner peripheral surface 2B) continuous with the surface 6A. Is an acute angle corresponding to the acute angle of the protrusion 7A.
角Ｓの開口角度は、必ずしも突出部７Ａの先端の角度と同一とならない。例えば、図６に示す加締め６と軸受穴２Ａとの間の角Ｓの開口角度は、突出部７Ａの先端の角度よりも大きい鋭角である。これは、加締め６の形成時における工具７の押し付けに伴い、ヨーク２のうち軸受穴２Ａの縁を形成していた部分が加締め６の根元部分に圧縮されることで加締め６の先端側が軸受穴２Ａの内側に押しのけられるように延出することによる。 The opening angle of the corner S is not necessarily the same as the angle of the tip of the protruding portion 7A. For example, the opening angle of the angle S between the caulking 6 and the bearing hole 2A shown in FIG. 6 is an acute angle larger than the angle of the tip of the protruding portion 7A. This is because the portion of the yoke 2 forming the edge of the bearing hole 2 </ b> A is compressed to the root portion of the crimp 6 as the tool 7 is pressed when the crimp 6 is formed. By extending so that the side is pushed inside the bearing hole 2A.
図７は、工具７の突出部７Ａの鋭角よりも小さい開口角度で加締め６の反対側の面６Ａとヨーク２の面との間の角Ｓが形成される場合の一例を示す図である。図７に示す例のように、突出部７Ａが押し付けられることにより形成された角Ｓの開口角度は、加締め６として軸受穴２Ａの内周面２Ｂ側に延出された部分を構成する素材の弾性等によって縮められることがある。この場合、開口角度は、突出部７Ａの先端の角度よりも小さくなる。 FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the angle S between the surface 6A opposite to the crimping 6 and the surface of the yoke 2 is formed with an opening angle smaller than the acute angle of the protruding portion 7A of the tool 7. . As shown in the example shown in FIG. 7, the opening angle of the angle S formed by pressing the projecting portion 7 </ b> A is a material that constitutes a portion extending to the inner peripheral surface 2 </ b> B side of the bearing hole 2 </ b> A as the crimp 6. It may be shrunk by the elasticity of In this case, the opening angle is smaller than the angle of the tip of the protruding portion 7A.
以上説明したように、本実施形態によれば、軸受５に対して十字軸４の反対側で軸受５を係止する加締め６の形成時に加えられる力は、当該反対側に面する加締め６の面６Ａとヨーク２との間の角Ｓが鋭角となるように加えられる力である。よって、加締め６の形成に係る押圧力を鋭角の先端部分により集中することができる。すなわち押圧力をより集中することができる分、加締め６の形成時にヨーク２に加えられる全体の力をより小さくすることができるので、より小さな力で加締め６を形成することができる。 As described above, according to the present embodiment, the force applied when forming the caulking 6 that locks the bearing 5 on the opposite side of the cross shaft 4 with respect to the bearing 5 is the caulking facing the opposite side. 6 is a force applied so that an angle S between the surface 6A of the 6 and the yoke 2 becomes an acute angle. Therefore, the pressing force related to the formation of the caulking 6 can be concentrated on the acute end portion. That is, since the pressing force can be more concentrated, the overall force applied to the yoke 2 when the crimp 6 is formed can be further reduced, so that the crimp 6 can be formed with a smaller force.
また、突出部７Ａの鋭角によって当該鋭角の先端部による押圧力の集中を容易に実現することができるので、より小さな力で加締め６を形成することができる。また、ヨーク２に対する突出部７Ａの進入によってヨーク２にせん断応力を加えて、軸受穴２Ａの縁を軸受穴２Ａの内側に延出させることができる。すなわち圧縮応力だけでなくせん断応力によって加締め６を形成することができるので、より小さな力で加締め６を形成することができる。 In addition, since the concentration of the pressing force by the acute end portion can be easily realized by the acute angle of the protruding portion 7A, the caulking 6 can be formed with a smaller force. Further, shearing stress can be applied to the yoke 2 by the protrusion 7A entering the yoke 2, and the edge of the bearing hole 2A can be extended to the inside of the bearing hole 2A. That is, since the crimp 6 can be formed not only by compressive stress but also by shear stress, the crimp 6 can be formed with a smaller force.
図３に示す加締め６の位置は、一例であってこれに限られるものでない。加締め６の位置は、軸受５を係止することができる範囲内で、適宜変更可能である。図８〜図１０は、図３とは異なる加締め６の位置の一例を示す図である。例えば、図８，図９に示すように、三組以上の一対の加締め６がヨーク２に設けられてもよい。また、図１０に示すように、加締め６の各々の位置と軸受穴２Ａの縁が描く円周の中心とを結ぶ直線同士が形成する角度が均等な角度（例えば１２０°）となるように配置された複数の加締め６がヨーク２に設けられてもよい。 The position of the caulking 6 shown in FIG. 3 is an example and is not limited to this. The position of the caulking 6 can be changed as appropriate as long as the bearing 5 can be locked. 8-10 is a figure which shows an example of the position of the crimping 6 different from FIG. For example, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, three or more pairs of caulking 6 may be provided on the yoke 2. Also, as shown in FIG. 10, the angle formed by the straight lines connecting each position of the crimp 6 and the center of the circumference drawn by the edge of the bearing hole 2A is an equal angle (for example, 120 °). A plurality of caulking 6 arranged may be provided on the yoke 2.
図４〜図７に示す工具７は、二つの突出部７Ａによって二つの加締め６を同時に形成しているが、一例であってこれに限られるものでない。図１１は、図４〜図７に示す工具７とは別の工具８による加締め６の形成の一例を示す図である。例えば、図１１に示すように、工具８は、先端が鋭角である単一の突出部８Ａを有していてもよい。また、係る工具８は、軸受穴２Ａの内周面２Ｂに押し付けられてもよい。この場合、図１１に示すように、工具８は、軸受穴２Ａの中心軸に対して傾斜する角度で外側から押し付けられる。これによって、軸受穴２Ａの内周面２Ｂの一部が軸受穴２Ａの内側に押し出されるように延出して、加締め６を形成する。また、このとき、軸受５の反対側に面する加締め６の面と、当該面に連続するヨーク２の面との間の角Ｓの開口角度は、工具８の突出部８Ａの鋭角に応じた鋭角となる。 Although the tool 7 shown in FIGS. 4-7 forms the two crimping 6 simultaneously by the two protrusion parts 7A, it is an example and is not restricted to this. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of forming the caulking 6 with a tool 8 different from the tool 7 illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 7. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the tool 8 may have a single protrusion 8A having a sharp tip. The tool 8 may be pressed against the inner peripheral surface 2B of the bearing hole 2A. In this case, as shown in FIG. 11, the tool 8 is pressed from the outside at an angle inclined with respect to the central axis of the bearing hole 2A. Thus, a part of the inner peripheral surface 2B of the bearing hole 2A is extended so as to be pushed inside the bearing hole 2A, thereby forming the crimp 6. At this time, the opening angle of the angle S between the surface of the crimping 6 facing the opposite side of the bearing 5 and the surface of the yoke 2 continuous with the surface depends on the acute angle of the protruding portion 8A of the tool 8. A sharp angle.
加締め６の先端の形状は未加工であってもよいし、加締め６の形成後に加工されてもよい。図１２は、先端が加工された加締め６の一例を示す図である。例えば、図１２に示すように、加締め６は、その先端が鋭角とならないように形成後に先端を加工（角落とし）されてもよい。角落としされても、加締め６の根元部分によって軸受５を係止することができる。また、構造的に細い先端をあらかじめなくすことで、加締め６の物理的強度を高めることができる。 The shape of the tip of the crimp 6 may be unprocessed, or may be processed after the crimp 6 is formed. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the caulking 6 whose tip is processed. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, the tip of the crimp 6 may be processed (corner dropped) after formation so that the tip does not become an acute angle. Even if the angle is dropped, the bearing 5 can be locked by the root portion of the crimp 6. Further, the physical strength of the crimping 6 can be increased by eliminating the structurally thin tip in advance.
図６，図７，図１１の例にて示すように、軸受穴２Ａの内周面２Ｂにおいて加締め６が延出される位置は、適宜変更可能である。 As shown in the examples of FIGS. 6, 7, and 11, the position where the crimp 6 is extended on the inner peripheral surface 2 </ b> B of the bearing hole 2 </ b> A can be appropriately changed.
１ 中間シャフト
２ ヨーク
２Ａ 軸受穴
３ シャフト部
４ 十字軸
５ 軸受
６ 加締め
７，８ 工具
７Ａ，８Ａ 突出部
１０ 自在継手
Ｓ 角
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Intermediate shaft 2 Yoke 2A Bearing hole 3 Shaft part 4 Cross shaft 5 Bearing 6 Clamping 7, 8 Tool 7A, 8A Protrusion part 10 Universal joint S Angle
Claims (3)
前記一対のヨークを連結する十字軸と、
前記ヨークと前記十字軸との間に介在するよう設けられる軸受と、を備え、
前記ヨークには、前記軸受が嵌められる貫通穴である軸受穴と、前記軸受に対して前記十字軸の反対側に位置する前記軸受穴の内周面から当該軸受穴の内側に向かって延出する加締めとが設けられ、
前記加締めの前記反対側の面と当該面に連続する前記ヨークの面との間の角が鋭角であり、かつ、前記加締めの前記反対側の面に連続する前記ヨークの面は前記軸受穴の内面と平行であり、
前記加締めは、前記角に対応する鋭角の突出部を有する工具を前記反対側から前記ヨークに押し付けることで形成される、自在継手。 A pair of yokes;
A cross shaft connecting the pair of yokes;
A bearing provided so as to be interposed between the yoke and the cross shaft,
The yoke extends from the inner peripheral surface of the bearing hole, which is a through hole into which the bearing is fitted, and the bearing hole located on the opposite side of the cross shaft with respect to the bearing toward the inside of the bearing hole. And caulking to be provided,
An angle between the opposite surface of the caulking and the surface of the yoke continuous with the surface is an acute angle, and the surface of the yoke continuous with the opposite surface of the caulking is the bearing. Ri inner surface parallel der hole,
The caulking is a universal joint formed by pressing a tool having an acute protrusion corresponding to the corner against the yoke from the opposite side .
前記加締めの前記反対側の面と当該面に連続する前記ヨークの面との間の角が鋭角であり、かつ、前記加締めの前記反対側の面に連続する前記ヨークの面は前記軸受穴の内面と平行であり、
前記角に対応する鋭角の突出部を有する工具を前記反対側から前記ヨークに押し付けることで形成される、自在継手の加締め。 The yoke which is a through hole into which the bearing is fitted in a universal joint including a pair of yokes, a cross shaft connecting the pair of yokes, and a bearing provided so as to be interposed between the yoke and the cross shaft Caulking of a universal joint extending from the opposite side of the cross shaft to the inside of the bearing hole with respect to the bearing on the inner peripheral surface of the bearing hole,
An angle between the opposite surface of the caulking and the surface of the yoke continuous with the surface is an acute angle, and the surface of the yoke continuous with the opposite surface of the caulking is the bearing. Ri inner surface parallel der hole,
A caulking of a universal joint formed by pressing a tool having an acute protrusion corresponding to the corner against the yoke from the opposite side .
前記ヨークの前記反対側から鋭角を有する工具を前記ヨークに押し付けて、前記加締めの前記反対側の面と当該面に連続する前記ヨークの面との間の角が鋭角となり、かつ、前記加締めの前記反対側の面に連続する前記ヨークの面は前記軸受穴の内面と平行である加締めを形成する、自在継手の製造方法。
A pair of yokes, a cruciform shaft connecting the pair of yokes, and a bearing provided so as to be interposed between the yoke and the cruciform shaft, and the yoke includes a through hole into which the bearing is fitted. A method for manufacturing a universal joint, wherein a certain bearing hole and a caulking extending from the inner peripheral surface of the bearing hole located on the opposite side of the cross shaft to the inner side of the bearing hole are provided with respect to the bearing. There,
A tool having an acute angle from the opposite side of the yoke is pressed against the yoke, the angle between the opposite surface of the caulking and the surface of the yoke continuous with the surface becomes an acute angle, and The method of manufacturing a universal joint, wherein a surface of the yoke continuous with the surface opposite to the surface of the clamp forms a crimp that is parallel to the inner surface of the bearing hole.
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