JP6394699B2 - Heat pump steam generation system - Google Patents

Heat pump steam generation system Download PDF

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JP6394699B2
JP6394699B2 JP2016531442A JP2016531442A JP6394699B2 JP 6394699 B2 JP6394699 B2 JP 6394699B2 JP 2016531442 A JP2016531442 A JP 2016531442A JP 2016531442 A JP2016531442 A JP 2016531442A JP 6394699 B2 JP6394699 B2 JP 6394699B2
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steam
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JPWO2016002878A1 (en
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拓人 小池
拓人 小池
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/16—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour, e.g. waste liquid, waste vapour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B3/00—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Description

本発明は、工場排水などから排熱を回収して蒸気を生成するヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a heat pump steam generation system that recovers exhaust heat from factory wastewater and generates steam.

蒸気生成装置の一つとして、ヒートポンプを利用したヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置がある。ヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置は、工場排水や使用済冷却水などの排温水から排熱を回収して蒸気を生成するものである。この種のヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置によれば、ボイラ設備などを利用して蒸気を発生させる燃焼系蒸気生成装置に比べて、ランニングコストが低く、ＣＯ２の排出量を低減できるなどのメリットがある。As one of the steam generators, there is a heat pump steam generator using a heat pump. The heat pump type steam generator recovers waste heat from waste water such as factory waste water or used cooling water to generate steam. According to this type of heat pump steam generator, there are advantages such as lower running costs and reduced CO 2 emissions compared to a combustion system steam generator that generates steam using boiler equipment or the like. .

蒸気の原料となる供給水には、ヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置内へのスケール（水中の成分が析出したもの）の付着を防止するために、軟水装置などで処理された水が使用される。しかし、スケール原因物質を完全に除去することは難しく、例えば軟水装置ではシリカ（ＳｉＯ２）成分を除去できない。このため、蒸気を連続生成することによって、スケール原因物質が蒸気生成装置内に濃縮され、スケール付着の原因となる。Water that has been treated with a soft water device or the like is used as the feed water that is the raw material for the steam in order to prevent adhesion of the scale (in which the components in the water are deposited) into the heat pump steam generator. However, it is difficult to completely remove the scale-causing substance, and for example, a silica (SiO 2 ) component cannot be removed with a water softener. For this reason, by continuously generating the steam, the scale-causing substance is concentrated in the steam generating apparatus and causes scale adhesion.

特許文献１の図３に記載された従来例について説明する。
まず、従来例のヒートポンプ部について説明する。ヒートポンプ部には、排熱回収器１１０、圧縮機１２０、凝縮器１３０、絞り膨張器１４０が設けられ、この記載順に冷媒が循環流通するように冷媒流路Ｌ１０により接続されている。
ヒートポンプ部の排熱回収器１１０には、温水タンク２１０に貯留された温水が、温水供給流路Ｌ２０ａから温水ポンプＰ２１により供給される。排熱回収器１１０では、温水と冷媒との間の熱交換により冷媒を加熱し気化させている。なお、排熱回収器１１０で熱交換された温水は、温水排出流路Ｌ２０ｂにて系外へ排出される。
圧縮機１２０では、加熱された冷媒を気体のまま所定の圧力まで圧縮し、高温高圧の冷媒を生成する。この高温高圧の気体になった冷媒は、凝縮器１３０に供給される。そして、凝縮器１３０を通過して液化された冷媒は、絞り膨張器１４０に送られて所定圧力まで減圧された後、排熱回収器１１０に再び導入され、排熱回収器１１０を流通する温水からの熱回収に用いられる。
次に、蒸気生成部について説明する。給水源から供給水ポンプＰ３１によって供給された供給水は、気液分離器３１０から循環熱水流路Ｌ７０を介して送られてくる熱水（循環熱水）と合流し、循環熱水と供給水との混合熱水となり、供給水流路Ｌ３０によって凝縮器１３０に送液される。凝縮器１３０に導入された混合熱水は、高温高圧になった冷媒から熱を回収し、熱水及び蒸気の気液二相流を生成する。この気液二相流は被分離流体流路Ｌ４０を通って、気液分離器３１０に送られる。
気液分離器３１０で分離された蒸気は、蒸気流路Ｌ５０を経由して蒸気利用設備４１０に供給される。気液分離器３１０で分離された熱水の一部は、循環熱水系統の塩分の濃縮防止やスケール原因物質の低濃度化を目的として、気液分離器３１０の下部に接続されたブローダウン流路Ｌ６０から定期的又は一時的にブローダウン水として排出される。A conventional example described in FIG. 3 of Patent Document 1 will be described.
First, a conventional heat pump unit will be described. The heat pump unit is provided with an exhaust heat recovery device 110, a compressor 120, a condenser 130, and a throttle expander 140, which are connected by a refrigerant flow path L10 so that the refrigerant circulates and flows in the order described.
The hot water stored in the hot water tank 210 is supplied to the exhaust heat recovery unit 110 of the heat pump unit by the hot water pump P21 from the hot water supply flow path L20a. In the exhaust heat recovery device 110, the refrigerant is heated and vaporized by heat exchange between the hot water and the refrigerant. The hot water heat-exchanged by the exhaust heat recovery device 110 is discharged out of the system through the hot water discharge channel L20b.
In the compressor 120, the heated refrigerant is compressed to a predetermined pressure in the form of gas to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant. The refrigerant that has become a high-temperature and high-pressure gas is supplied to the condenser 130. Then, the refrigerant liquefied after passing through the condenser 130 is sent to the throttle expander 140 and depressurized to a predetermined pressure, and is then reintroduced into the exhaust heat recovery device 110 and warm water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery device 110. Used for heat recovery from
Next, the steam generation unit will be described. The supply water supplied from the water supply source by the supply water pump P31 merges with the hot water (circulation hot water) sent from the gas-liquid separator 310 via the circulation hot water flow path L70, and the circulation hot water and the supply water. And is fed to the condenser 130 through the supply water flow path L30. The mixed hot water introduced into the condenser 130 recovers heat from the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant and generates a gas-liquid two-phase flow of hot water and steam. This gas-liquid two-phase flow is sent to the gas-liquid separator 310 through the separated fluid flow path L40.
The steam separated by the gas-liquid separator 310 is supplied to the steam utilization facility 410 via the steam flow path L50. A part of the hot water separated by the gas-liquid separator 310 is blowdown connected to the lower part of the gas-liquid separator 310 for the purpose of preventing the concentration of salt in the circulating hot water system and reducing the concentration of substances causing the scale. It is discharged from the flow path L60 as blowdown water periodically or temporarily.

気液分離器３１０内は高圧になっているため、ブローダウン水は定常運転時では１００℃以上の熱水となり、大きな熱量を有しているが、通常はそのまま排水設備へ排出されるため、その熱量は無駄となっている。   Since the inside of the gas-liquid separator 310 is at a high pressure, the blowdown water becomes hot water of 100 ° C. or higher in steady operation and has a large amount of heat, but is normally discharged as it is to the drainage facility. The amount of heat is wasted.

気液分離器からのブローダウン水を熱源として利用する例としては、特許文献２が挙げられる。特許文献２に示される従来例には、気液分離器で分離された液相を熱交換器へ導入し、濃溶液又は冷媒液にボイラ排熱を伝達する蒸気生成システムが開示されている。   Patent document 2 is mentioned as an example which utilizes the blowdown water from a gas-liquid separator as a heat source. The conventional example shown in Patent Document 2 discloses a steam generation system that introduces a liquid phase separated by a gas-liquid separator into a heat exchanger and transmits boiler exhaust heat to a concentrated solution or a refrigerant liquid.

このような構成にすることによって、蒸気生成ヒートポンプの熱源としてブローダウン水の持つ熱エネルギーを有効活用できる。   With such a configuration, it is possible to effectively utilize the thermal energy of blowdown water as a heat source for the steam generating heat pump.

特開２０１２−２４７１４６号公報JP 2012-247146 A 特開２０１０−２７６３０４号公報JP 2010-276304 A

このブローダウン水を熱源として利用する場合、ブローダウン水に含まれるスケール原因物質の濃度は運転を継続するに従って上昇していく。そのため、蒸気生成装置の熱交換器内でブローダウン水の温度が低下すると、スケール原因物質の溶解度が低下し、スケールが析出するようになる。このスケールが蒸気生成装置内の配管に付着することによって、熱交換性能が低下する問題があった。   When this blowdown water is used as a heat source, the concentration of the scale-causing substance contained in the blowdown water increases as the operation continues. Therefore, when the temperature of blowdown water falls within the heat exchanger of the steam generator, the solubility of the scale-causing substance is lowered and the scale is deposited. When this scale adheres to the piping in the steam generator, there is a problem that the heat exchange performance deteriorates.

したがって本発明の目的は、大きな熱量を持つブローダウン水から熱エネルギーを効率的に回収し、かつ蒸気生成装置内の配管へのスケール付着を防止できるヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システムを提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump steam generation system capable of efficiently recovering thermal energy from blowdown water having a large amount of heat and preventing scale from adhering to piping in the steam generator.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の請求項１に係るヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システムは、温水の熱を回収して蒸気を生成するヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置であって、前記温水から熱を回収して冷媒を加温する排熱回収器、前記排熱回収器を通過した冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒の熱を被加熱水に伝熱して熱水と蒸気の気液二相流または高圧熱水を生成する凝縮器、及び前記凝縮器を通過した冷媒を減圧して温度を下げて前記排熱回収器に戻す絞り膨張器を有する冷媒循環流路と、前記温水を前記排熱回収器に供給する温水供給流路と、前記温水を前記排熱回収器から直接系外へ排出する温水排出流路と、前記凝縮器に前記被加熱水として供給水を導入する供給水流路と、前記凝縮器で生成した前記気液二相流または前記高圧熱水を蒸気と熱水とに分離する気液分離部と、前記凝縮器から前記気液分離部へ前記気液二相流または前記高圧熱水を供給する被分離流体流路と、前記気液分離部で分離した蒸気を、蒸気利用設備に送る蒸気流路と、前記気液分離部で分離した熱水を前記供給水流路に合流させる循環熱水流路と、前記気液分離部で分離した熱水の一部を抽出し、当該抽出した熱水を前記温水供給流路に供給するブローダウン流路と、を備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a heat pump steam generation system according to claim 1 of the present invention is a heat pump steam generator that recovers heat from hot water to generate steam, and recovers heat from the hot water. Exhaust heat recovery unit that heats the refrigerant, a compressor that compresses the refrigerant that has passed through the exhaust heat recovery unit, the heat of the refrigerant compressed by the compressor is transferred to the water to be heated, and the gas-liquid of hot water and steam A condenser that generates a two-phase flow or high-pressure hot water; a refrigerant circulation passage having a throttle expander that depressurizes the refrigerant that has passed through the condenser and lowers the temperature to return to the exhaust heat recovery device; and the hot water A hot water supply channel that supplies the exhaust heat recovery device, a hot water discharge channel that discharges the hot water directly from the exhaust heat recovery device, and a supply that introduces supply water as the heated water to the condenser A water flow path and the gas-liquid two-phase flow generated by the condenser or the front A gas-liquid separator that separates high-pressure hot water into steam and hot water; a separated fluid flow path that supplies the gas-liquid two-phase flow or the high-pressure hot water from the condenser to the gas-liquid separator; A steam channel for sending steam separated by the gas-liquid separation unit to a steam utilization facility, a circulating hot water channel for joining the hot water separated by the gas-liquid separation unit to the supply water channel, and the gas-liquid separation unit A part of the separated hot water is extracted, and a blow-down flow path for supplying the extracted hot water to the hot water supply flow path is provided.

また、本発明の請求項２に係るヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システムは、上述した請求項１において、前記ブローダウン流路は、前記気液分離部の底部もしくは底部近傍の側面から熱水の一部を抽出することを特徴とする。 The heat pump steam generation system according to claim 2 of the present invention is the heat pump type steam generation system according to claim 1, wherein the blow-down flow passage is configured such that a part of hot water is supplied from a bottom surface of the gas-liquid separation unit or a side surface near the bottom. It is characterized by extracting.

また、本発明の請求項３に係るヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システムは、上述した請求項１において、前記ブローダウン流路は、前記循環熱水流路の途中から熱水の一部を抽出することを特徴とする。 The heat pump steam generation system according to claim 3 of the present invention is the heat pump steam generation system according to claim 1, wherein the blowdown channel extracts a part of hot water from the middle of the circulating hot water channel. And

また、本発明の請求項４に係るヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システムは、上述した請求項１〜請求項３のいずれかにおいて、前記温水供給部は、前記温水を貯留する温水タンクと、該温水タンクから前記排熱回収器に前記温水を供給する温水供給流路とを備え、前記ブローダウン流路が温水タンクに接続されて前記抽出した熱水が供給されることを特徴とする。 Moreover, heat pump vapor generation system according to claim 4 of the present invention, in any one of claims 1 to 3 described above, the hot water supply unit includes a hot water tank for storing the hot water, the hot water tank A hot water supply flow path for supplying the hot water to the exhaust heat recovery device is provided, and the blow-down flow path is connected to a hot water tank to supply the extracted hot water.

また、本発明の請求項５に係るヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システムは、上述した請求項１〜請求項３のいずれかにおいて、前記温水供給部は、前記温水を貯留する温水タンクと、該温水タンクから前記排熱回収器に前記温水を供給する温水供給流路と、該温水供給流路に設けられ前記温水を前記排熱回収器に供給する温水ポンプとを備え、前記ブローダウン流路が前記温水供給流路の温水ポンプと前記排熱回収器の間の温水供給流路に接続されて前記抽出した熱水が供給されることを特徴とする。 The heat pump steam generation system according to claim 5 of the present invention is the heat pump steam generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hot water supply unit includes a hot water tank that stores the hot water, and the hot water tank. A hot water supply channel for supplying the hot water to the exhaust heat recovery unit; and a hot water pump provided in the hot water supply channel for supplying the hot water to the exhaust heat recovery unit, wherein the blowdown channel is the hot water The hot water extracted is connected to a hot water supply passage between a hot water pump of the supply passage and the exhaust heat recovery device.

また、本発明の請求項６に係るヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システムは、上述した請求項１〜請求項３のいずれかにおいて、前記温水供給部は、前記温水を貯留する温水タンクと、前記温水タンクから前記排熱回収器に前記温水を供給する温水供給経路と、該温水供給経路に設けられ前記温水を前記排熱回収器に供給する温水ポンプとを備え、前記ブローダウン流路が前記温水供給流路の前記温水タンクと前記温水ポンプとの間の温水供給流路に接続されて前記抽出した熱水が供給されることを特徴とする。 A heat pump steam generation system according to claim 6 of the present invention is the heat pump steam generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hot water supply unit includes a hot water tank that stores the hot water, and the hot water tank. A hot water supply path for supplying the hot water to the exhaust heat recovery unit; and a hot water pump provided in the hot water supply path for supplying the hot water to the exhaust heat recovery unit, wherein the blowdown channel is the hot water supply flow The hot water extracted is connected to a hot water supply passage between the hot water tank and the hot water pump of the passage .

また、本発明の請求項７に係るヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システムは、上述した請求項１〜請求項６のいずれかにおいて、前記絞り膨張器は、電子膨張弁、手動膨張弁、定圧膨張弁、温度膨張弁、オリフィス、キャピラリーのいずれかであることを特徴とする。 A heat pump steam generation system according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the heat pump type steam generation system according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the throttle expander is an electronic expansion valve, a manual expansion valve, a constant pressure expansion valve, a temperature. It is an expansion valve, an orifice, or a capillary.

本発明のヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置は、ブローダウン水を温水に合流させた後に排熱回収器へ導入するため、ブローダウン水中のスケール原因物質は温水によって希釈され、蒸気生成装置内の配管へのスケール付着を防止することができる。したがって、シンプルなシステム構成で、ブローダウン水の持つ熱エネルギーを最大限に利用できるヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置を提供することができる。   Since the heat pump steam generator of the present invention joins the blowdown water to the hot water and then introduces it into the exhaust heat recovery device, the scale-causing substance in the blowdown water is diluted with the hot water and is supplied to the piping in the steam generator. Scale adhesion can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to provide a heat pump steam generator that can utilize the thermal energy of blowdown water to the maximum with a simple system configuration.

図１は、本発明の実施形態であるヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置の概略構成図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a heat pump steam generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図２は、本発明の実施形態であるヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置の変形例の概略構成図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a modified example of the heat pump steam generation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. 図３は、特許文献１における、従来のヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置の構成図である。FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a conventional heat pump steam generator in Patent Document 1. As shown in FIG.

図１に本発明に係るヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置の第一の実施形態を示す。従来例との相違点として、ブローダウン流路Ｌ６０に代わり、ブローダウン流路Ｌ８０を設けている。なお、図１において、図３と同じ構成要素は同じ符号で示すものとする。
このヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置１は、大きく分けてヒートポンプ設備１００と蒸気生成設備３００とからなり、外部熱源として温水供給設備２００より温水を導入している。FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a heat pump steam generator according to the present invention. As a difference from the conventional example, a blow-down flow path L80 is provided instead of the blow-down flow path L60. In FIG. 1, the same components as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
The heat pump steam generator 1 is roughly divided into a heat pump facility 100 and a steam generator facility 300, and hot water is introduced from the hot water supply facility 200 as an external heat source.

ヒートポンプ設備１００では、冷媒が循環流通しており、冷媒を介して温水供給設備２００からの温水の熱を回収するとともに、蒸気生成設備３００を流通する被加熱水に冷媒の熱を伝熱するように構成されている。   In the heat pump facility 100, the refrigerant circulates and circulates so as to collect the heat of the hot water from the hot water supply facility 200 through the refrigerant and to transfer the heat of the refrigerant to the heated water that circulates in the steam generation facility 300. It is configured.

次に、温水の経路について説明する。
温水供給設備２００には、温水タンク２１０、温水ポンプＰ２１が設けられている。温水供給設備２００には、排熱回収器１１０に温水が流れるように温水供給流路Ｌ２０ａによりヒートポンプ設備１００が接続されている。なお、排熱回収器１１０を通過した温水は、さらに接続された温水排出流路Ｌ２０ｂにより系外に排出されている。しかしながら、本発明ではこれに限らず、さらに別種の排熱回収装置によりカスケード的に利用される場合もある。Next, the route of hot water will be described.
The hot water supply facility 200 is provided with a hot water tank 210 and a hot water pump P21. The hot water supply facility 200 is connected to the heat pump facility 100 via a hot water supply flow path L20a so that the warm water flows through the exhaust heat recovery device 110. The hot water that has passed through the exhaust heat recovery device 110 is discharged out of the system through a further connected hot water discharge channel L20b. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be used in cascade by another type of exhaust heat recovery device.

次に、蒸気生成設備３００について説明する。
蒸気生成設備３００には、供給水ポンプＰ３１、凝縮器１３０、気液分離器３１０が設けられ、外部の給水源より被加熱水である供給水が供給されている。
供給水は供給水流路Ｌ３０によって凝縮器１３０へ供給される。凝縮器１３０で供給水から生成された熱水と蒸気の気液二相流は、被分離流体流路Ｌ４０を通って、気液分離器３１０に供給される。Next, the steam generation facility 300 will be described.
The steam generation facility 300 is provided with a supply water pump P31, a condenser 130, and a gas-liquid separator 310, and supplied water as heated water is supplied from an external water supply source.
Supply water is supplied to the condenser 130 by the supply water flow path L30. The gas-liquid two-phase flow of hot water and steam generated from the supply water in the condenser 130 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 310 through the separated fluid flow path L40.

蒸気利用設備４１０に蒸気を供給するため、気液分離器３１０の上部には、蒸気流路Ｌ５０が接続されている。また、温水ポンプＰ２１と排熱回収器１１０との間の温水供給流路Ｌ２０ａにブローダウン水を供給するため、気液分離器３１０の下部には、ブローダウン流路Ｌ８０が接続されている。供給水流路Ｌ３０の凝縮器１３０よりも上流に熱水を戻すため、気液分離器３１０の下部には、循環熱水流路Ｌ７０が接続されている。   In order to supply steam to the steam utilization facility 410, a steam flow path L50 is connected to the upper part of the gas-liquid separator 310. Further, a blow-down flow path L80 is connected to the lower part of the gas-liquid separator 310 in order to supply blow-down water to the hot water supply flow path L20a between the hot water pump P21 and the exhaust heat recovery device 110. In order to return hot water upstream of the condenser 130 in the supply water flow path L30, a circulating hot water flow path L70 is connected to the lower part of the gas-liquid separator 310.

次に、本発明のヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置の動作について、熱の流れに沿って説明する。   Next, operation | movement of the heat pump type steam generation apparatus of this invention is demonstrated along the flow of heat.

（冷媒について）
ヒートポンプ設備１００には、排熱回収器１１０、圧縮機１２０、凝縮器１３０、絞り膨張器１４０が設けられ、この記載順に冷媒が循環流通するように冷媒流路Ｌ１０により接続されている。(About refrigerant)
The heat pump facility 100 is provided with an exhaust heat recovery device 110, a compressor 120, a condenser 130, and a throttle expander 140, which are connected by a refrigerant flow path L10 so that the refrigerant circulates and flows in this order.

冷媒は、排熱回収器１１０において、温水供給流路Ｌ２０ａから供給された温水との熱交換により加温されて気体となり、圧縮機１２０に送られる。   The refrigerant is heated in the exhaust heat recovery device 110 by heat exchange with the hot water supplied from the hot water supply flow path L <b> 20 a to become a gas, and is sent to the compressor 120.

冷媒は、圧縮機１２０において、気体のまま所定の圧力まで圧縮され高温高圧になる。この高温高圧の冷媒は、凝縮器１３０において、供給水流路Ｌ３０から供給された供給水との間で熱交換が行われる。   In the compressor 120, the refrigerant is compressed to a predetermined pressure as a gas and becomes a high temperature and a high pressure. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant exchanges heat with the supply water supplied from the supply water flow path L30 in the condenser 130.

凝縮器１３０を通過して液化された冷媒は、絞り膨張器１４０において、所定圧力まで減圧された後、排熱回収器１１０に再び導入され、排熱回収器１１０を流通する温水からの熱回収に用いられる。   The refrigerant that has been liquefied after passing through the condenser 130 is decompressed to a predetermined pressure in the expansion expander 140, and is then reintroduced into the exhaust heat recovery unit 110 and recovered from the hot water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery unit 110. Used for.

ここで挙げられた絞り膨張器１４０としては、電子膨張弁が最も好適であるが、用途や構成に合わせ、手動膨張弁、定圧膨張弁、温度膨張弁、オリフィス、キャピラリーなどを適宜選択しても良い。   An electronic expansion valve is most suitable as the throttle expander 140 listed here, but a manual expansion valve, a constant pressure expansion valve, a temperature expansion valve, an orifice, a capillary, etc. may be appropriately selected according to the application and configuration. good.

一方、供給水流路Ｌ３０からの供給水は、凝縮器１３０において、高温高圧になった冷媒と熱交換され、熱水及び蒸気の気液二相流になる。   On the other hand, the supply water from the supply water flow path L30 is heat-exchanged with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in the condenser 130 to become a gas-liquid two-phase flow of hot water and steam.

（供給水について）
給水源から供給水ポンプＰ３１で供給される供給水は、供給水の質量流量Ｑ１が、蒸気流路Ｌ５０から取出される蒸気の質量流量Ｑ２及びブローダウン流路Ｌ８０からの排水流量Ｑ３との合計量（Ｑ２＋Ｑ３）となるように制御される場合が多い。(About supply water)
The supply water supplied from the supply water source by the supply water pump P31 is the sum of the mass flow rate Q1 of the supply water and the mass flow rate Q2 of the steam taken out from the steam channel L50 and the drainage flow rate Q3 from the blow-down channel L80. In many cases, the amount is controlled to be an amount (Q2 + Q3).

次に、供給水は、気液分離器３１０から循環熱水流路Ｌ７０を介して送られてくる熱水（循環熱水）と合流し、循環熱水との混合熱水となって凝縮器１３０に送液される。凝縮器１３０に導入された混合熱水は、前述したように凝縮器１３０において、高温高圧になった冷媒と熱交換され、熱水及び蒸気の気液二相流になる。この気液二相流が気液分離器３１０に送られる。   Next, the feed water merges with the hot water (circulated hot water) sent from the gas-liquid separator 310 via the circulating hot water flow path L70 to become mixed hot water with the circulating hot water, and the condenser 130. The liquid is sent to As described above, the mixed hot water introduced into the condenser 130 is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant having a high temperature and high pressure in the condenser 130, and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase flow of hot water and steam. This gas-liquid two-phase flow is sent to the gas-liquid separator 310.

気液分離器３１０では、熱水及び蒸気の気液二相流を蒸気と熱水とに分離する。そして、気液分離器３１０の気相部に貯留された蒸気は、蒸気流路Ｌ５０を経由して蒸気利用設備４１０に供給される。また、気液分離器３１０の液相部に貯留された熱水は、循環熱水流路Ｌ７０を通して供給水流路Ｌ３０内を流通する供給水と混合され循環利用される。   In the gas-liquid separator 310, the gas-liquid two-phase flow of hot water and steam is separated into steam and hot water. And the vapor | steam stored by the gaseous-phase part of the gas-liquid separator 310 is supplied to the vapor | steam utilization equipment 410 via the vapor | steam flow path L50. Further, the hot water stored in the liquid phase part of the gas-liquid separator 310 is mixed with the supply water flowing through the supply water flow path L30 through the circulation hot water flow path L70 and circulated.

また、気液分離器３１０の下部に接続されたブローダウン流路Ｌ８０からは、循環熱水系統の塩分の濃縮防止やスケール原因物質の低濃度化を目的として、定期的又は一時的にブローダウン水が排出される。   In addition, from the blowdown flow path L80 connected to the lower part of the gas-liquid separator 310, blowdown is periodically or temporarily performed for the purpose of preventing the concentration of salt in the circulating hot water system and reducing the concentration of the causative substance of the scale Water is discharged.

ここで、前記気液二相流については、圧力を加え高圧熱水の状態で移送しても良い。この場合には気液分離手段として、気液分離器の代わりにフラッシュタンクを設け、減圧により高圧熱水を気化させた上で気液分離を行っても良い。   Here, the gas-liquid two-phase flow may be transferred in a state of applying high pressure and high-pressure hot water. In this case, a flash tank may be provided as a gas-liquid separator instead of the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separation may be performed after vaporizing high-pressure hot water by decompression.

（温水について）
温水タンク２１０には、使用後の工業用水、冷却水、蒸気ドレンなどの温水が貯留される。温水タンク２１０に貯留された温水は、温水供給流路Ｌ２０ａを流通し、温水ポンプＰ２１、排熱回収器１１０を経由して温水排出流路Ｌ２０ｂを流通し、系外へ排出される。温水ポンプＰ２１は、排熱回収器１１０へ供給する温水量を調節する。排熱回収器１１０では、温水の熱を、冷媒流路Ｌ１０を流通する冷媒に伝熱して冷媒を加温する。(About hot water)
Hot water tank 210 stores hot water such as industrial water, cooling water, and steam drain after use. The hot water stored in the hot water tank 210 flows through the hot water supply flow path L20a, flows through the hot water discharge flow path L20b via the hot water pump P21 and the exhaust heat recovery device 110, and is discharged outside the system. The hot water pump P21 adjusts the amount of hot water supplied to the exhaust heat recovery device 110. In the exhaust heat recovery device 110, the heat of the hot water is transferred to the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path L10 to heat the refrigerant.

ブローダウン流路Ｌ８０は温水供給流路Ｌ２０ａに接続されており、ブローダウン水は温水供給流路Ｌ２０ａへと導入されて温水と混合される。ブローダウン流路Ｌ８０の中途には、調節弁や逆止弁など各種弁を適宜設けても良い。   The blowdown flow path L80 is connected to the hot water supply flow path L20a, and the blowdown water is introduced into the hot water supply flow path L20a and mixed with the hot water. Various valves such as a control valve and a check valve may be appropriately provided in the middle of the blow-down flow path L80.

次に、第二の実施形態について説明する。図２は第二の実施形態の概略構成図である。第二の実施形態では、ブローダウン流路Ｌ９０を循環熱水流路Ｌ７０より分岐させている点が図１のブローダウン流路Ｌ８０と異なっている。なお、その他の構成要素については図１、図２で共通であるので、詳細な説明は省略する。   Next, a second embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the second embodiment. The second embodiment is different from the blowdown flow path L80 of FIG. 1 in that the blowdown flow path L90 is branched from the circulating hot water flow path L70. The other components are common to FIGS. 1 and 2 and will not be described in detail.

このように、ブローダウン流路Ｌ９０を循環熱水流路Ｌ７０から分岐させることにより、気液分離器３１０から取り出される合計熱水量を循環熱水流路Ｌ７０のみで調整でき、適宜バルブなどを設けることで、循環熱水流路Ｌ７０とブローダウン流路Ｌ９０とを流通する熱水の比率を容易にコントロールすることが出来るようになる。   In this way, by dividing the blow-down flow path L90 from the circulating hot water flow path L70, the total amount of hot water taken out from the gas-liquid separator 310 can be adjusted only by the circulating hot water flow path L70, and appropriate valves are provided. The ratio of hot water flowing through the circulating hot water flow path L70 and the blowdown flow path L90 can be easily controlled.

また、ブローダウン流路Ｌ８０およびＬ９０の接続先は、ヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置１内に限定されず、排熱回収器１１０の温水上流側であればよく、図１および図２の破線で示されるように、温水タンク２１０と温水ポンプＰ２１の間でも良い。この場合、ブローダウンされる熱水の量に関わらず、温水ポンプＰ２１によって排熱回収器１１０へ流入する温水の総量を調節することが出来る。   Further, the connection destination of the blowdown flow paths L80 and L90 is not limited to the heat pump steam generator 1, but may be any upstream side of the hot water of the exhaust heat recovery device 110, and is indicated by a broken line in FIGS. Thus, it may be between the hot water tank 210 and the hot water pump P21. In this case, the total amount of hot water flowing into the exhaust heat recovery device 110 can be adjusted by the hot water pump P21 regardless of the amount of hot water blown down.

また、ブローダウン流路Ｌ８０およびＬ９０を温水タンク２１０へ直接接続してもよい。これにより、ブローダウンされた熱水が温水供給流路Ｌ２０ａへ流入した際に生じる温度差により、配管内に部分的に真空状態が作られることを原因とする、水撃作用を防止することが出来る。   Further, the blowdown channels L80 and L90 may be directly connected to the hot water tank 210. This prevents a water hammer effect caused by a partial vacuum created in the pipe due to a temperature difference that occurs when the blown-down hot water flows into the hot water supply flow path L20a. I can do it.

また、ブローダウン流路Ｌ８０およびＬ９０を上記接続先の内２か所以上に分岐させ、条件に応じて適宜切り替えるようにしても良い。これにより、機器停止時など温水を必要としない工程時にはブローダウン水を温水タンク２１０へ導入し、タンク内に貯留させるなどの操作を行うことが可能となり、ブローダウン水をより有効に活用することが出来る。   Further, the blowdown channels L80 and L90 may be branched to two or more of the connection destinations, and switched as appropriate according to the conditions. This makes it possible to perform operations such as introducing blowdown water into the hot water tank 210 and storing it in the tank during processes that do not require hot water, such as when equipment is stopped, and use blowdown water more effectively. I can do it.

以上のように、本発明に係るヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置は、熱交換器配管内へのスケール付着を防止しつつ、ブローダウン水の持つ熱エネルギーを効率的に回収することにより、系全体でのエネルギー効率を改善させることが出来る。   As described above, the heat pump type steam generator according to the present invention efficiently recovers the thermal energy of blowdown water while preventing the scale from adhering to the heat exchanger piping, Energy efficiency can be improved.

１：ヒートポンプ式蒸気生成装置
１００：ヒートポンプ設備
１１０：排熱回収器
１２０：圧縮機
１３０：凝縮器
１４０：絞り膨張器
２００：温水供給設備
２１０：温水タンク
３００：蒸気生成設備
３１０：気液分離器
４１０：蒸気利用設備
Ｌ１０：冷媒流路
Ｌ２０ａ：温水供給流路
Ｌ２０ｂ：温水排出流路
Ｌ３０：供給水流路
Ｌ４０：被分離流体流路
Ｌ５０：蒸気流路
Ｌ６０：ブローダウン流路
Ｌ７０：循環熱水流路
Ｌ８０、Ｌ９０：ブローダウン流路
Ｐ２１：温水ポンプ
Ｐ３１：供給水ポンプ1: Heat pump steam generator 100: Heat pump equipment 110: Waste heat recovery device 120: Compressor 130: Condenser 140: Condenser expander 200: Hot water supply equipment 210: Hot water tank 300: Steam generation equipment 310: Gas-liquid separator 410: Steam utilization equipment L10: Refrigerant flow path L20a: Hot water supply flow path L20b: Hot water discharge flow path L30: Supply water flow path L40: Separation fluid flow path L50: Steam flow path L60: Blowdown flow path L70: Circulating hot water flow Paths L80 and L90: Blowdown flow path P21: Hot water pump P31: Supply water pump

Claims (7)

温水の熱を回収して蒸気を生成するヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システムであって、
前記温水から熱を回収して冷媒を加温する排熱回収器、前記排熱回収器を通過した冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒の熱を被加熱水に伝熱して熱水と蒸気の気液二相流または高圧熱水を生成する凝縮器、及び前記凝縮器を通過した冷媒を減圧して温度を下げて前記排熱回収器に戻す絞り膨張器を有する冷媒循環流路と、
少なくとも外部熱源からの温水を前記排熱回収器に供給する温水供給部と、
前記温水を前記排熱回収器から直接系外へ排出する温水排出流路と、
前記凝縮器に前記被加熱水として供給水を導入する供給水流路と、
前記凝縮器で生成した前記気液二相流または前記高圧熱水を蒸気と熱水とに分離する気液分離部と、
前記凝縮器から前記気液分離部へ前記気液二相流または前記高圧熱水を供給する被分離流体流路と、
前記気液分離部で分離した蒸気を、蒸気利用設備に送る蒸気流路と、
前記気液分離部で分離した熱水を前記供給水流路に合流させる循環熱水流路と、
前記気液分離部で分離した熱水の一部を抽出し、当該抽出した熱水を前記温水供給部に供給するブローダウン流路と、
を備えることを特徴とするヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システム。 A heat pump steam generation system that recovers heat of hot water to generate steam,
An exhaust heat recovery unit that recovers heat from the hot water and heats the refrigerant, a compressor that compresses the refrigerant that has passed through the exhaust heat recovery unit, and transfers the heat of the refrigerant compressed by the compressor to the water to be heated. A condenser that generates a gas-liquid two-phase flow of hot water and steam or high-pressure hot water, and a refrigerant expander that depressurizes the refrigerant that has passed through the condenser to lower the temperature and return it to the exhaust heat recovery unit A circulation channel;
A hot water supply unit for supplying at least hot water from an external heat source to the exhaust heat recovery unit;
A hot water discharge passage for discharging the hot water from the exhaust heat recovery device directly outside the system;
A supply water channel for introducing supply water as the heated water into the condenser;
A gas-liquid separation unit that separates the gas-liquid two-phase flow generated in the condenser or the high-pressure hot water into steam and hot water;
A separated fluid flow path for supplying the gas-liquid two-phase flow or the high-pressure hot water from the condenser to the gas-liquid separation unit;
A steam flow path for sending the steam separated by the gas-liquid separation unit to a steam utilization facility;
A circulating hot water flow path that joins the hot water separated by the gas-liquid separator to the supply water flow path;
A part of the hot water separated by the gas-liquid separation unit is extracted, and a blowdown flow path for supplying the extracted hot water to the hot water supply unit ,
A heat pump type steam generation system comprising: 前記ブローダウン流路は、前記気液分離部の底部もしくは底部近傍の側面から熱水の一部を抽出することを特徴とする請求項１に記載のヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システム。 2. The heat pump steam generation system according to claim 1, wherein the blow-down channel extracts a part of hot water from a bottom surface of the gas-liquid separation unit or a side surface in the vicinity of the bottom portion. 前記循環熱水流路は、前記気液分離部の下部に接続され、前記ブローダウン流路は、前記循環熱水流路の途中から熱水の一部を抽出することを特徴とする請求項１に記載のヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システム。 The said circulating hot water flow path is connected to the lower part of the said gas-liquid separation part, and the said blowdown flow path extracts a part of hot water from the middle of the said circulating hot water flow path. The heat pump steam generation system described. 前記温水供給部は、前記温水を貯留する温水タンクと、該温水タンクから前記排熱回収器に前記温水を供給する温水供給流路とを備え、
前記ブローダウン流路が前記温水タンクに接続されて前記抽出した熱水が供給されることを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項３のいずれか１項に記載のヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システム。 The hot water supply unit includes a hot water tank for storing the hot water, from the hot water tank and the exhaust heat recovery unit the hot water supply flow supplying the hot water passage,
The heat pump steam generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the blow-down flow path is connected to the hot water tank and the extracted hot water is supplied. 前記温水供給部は、前記温水を貯留する温水タンクと、該温水タンクから前記排熱回収器に前記温水を供給する温水供給流路と、該温水供給流路に設けられ前記温水を前記排熱回収器に供給する温水ポンプとを備え、
前記ブローダウン流路が前記温水ポンプと前記排熱回収器との間の温水供給流路に接続されて前記抽出した熱水が供給されることを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項３のいずれか１項に記載のヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システム。 The hot water supply unit includes a hot water tank that stores the hot water, a hot water supply channel that supplies the hot water from the hot water tank to the exhaust heat recovery device, and the hot water that is provided in the hot water supply channel. Equipped with a hot water pump to supply the collector,
Of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hot water and the extract is connected to the hot water supply flow path between said blowdown flow path before and SL hot water pump and the exhaust heat recovery device is supplied The heat pump steam generation system according to any one of the above. 前記温水供給部は、前記温水を貯留する温水タンクと、前記温水タンクから前記排熱回収器に前記温水を供給する温水供給経路と、該温水供給経路に設けられ前記温水を前記排熱回収器に供給する温水ポンプとを備え、
前記ブローダウン流路が前記温水タンクと前記温水ポンプとの間の温水供給流路に接続されて前記抽出した熱水が供給されることを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項３のいずれか１項に記載のヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システム。 The hot water supply unit includes a hot water tank that stores the hot water, a hot water supply path that supplies the hot water from the hot water tank to the exhaust heat recovery unit, and the hot water that is provided in the hot water supply path. With a hot water pump to supply
Any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hot water was the extracted said blowdown flow path is connected to the hot water supply flow path between the hot water pump and before Symbol hot water tank is supplied 2. A heat pump steam generation system according to item 1. 前記絞り膨張器は、電子膨張弁、手動膨張弁、定圧膨張弁、温度膨張弁、オリフィス、キャピラリーのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項６のいずれか１項に記載のヒートポンプ式蒸気生成システム。 The said expansion | swelling expander is an electronic expansion valve, a manual expansion valve, a constant pressure expansion valve, a temperature expansion valve, an orifice, and a capillary, The one of Claims 1-6 characterized by the above-mentioned. Heat pump steam generation system .
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