JP6348352B2 - 酸素吸蔵材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
酸素吸蔵材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6348352B2 JP6348352B2 JP2014131651A JP2014131651A JP6348352B2 JP 6348352 B2 JP6348352 B2 JP 6348352B2 JP 2014131651 A JP2014131651 A JP 2014131651A JP 2014131651 A JP2014131651 A JP 2014131651A JP 6348352 B2 JP6348352 B2 JP 6348352B2
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- composite oxide
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- ceria
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims description 68
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 171
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 alkyl carboxylic acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005599 alkyl carboxylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce] RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000667 (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical group [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XMPZTFVPEKAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-P ceric ammonium nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Ce+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XMPZTFVPEKAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanide;platinum(2+);dinitrite Chemical compound [NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013461 intermediate chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYTNHSCLZRMKON-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+);diacetate Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LYTNHSCLZRMKON-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
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- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
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- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
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Description
そうしたことから、例えばセリウム酸化物またはセリウムジルコニウム複合酸化物と同等の性質を示す他の元素の性能向上などが求められていた。
(1)ジルコニア粒子と、
その上に担持されたセリアジルコニア複合酸化物と、
を有する、酸素吸蔵材料であって、
該セリアジルコニア複合酸化物が、パイロクロア相を含み、10nm〜22.9nmの平均結晶子径を有する、酸素吸蔵材料。
(2)該ジルコニア粒子が単斜晶を有し、そして該セリアジルコニア複合物中におけるCe/Zrのモル比が0.90〜1.10である、(1)に記載の酸素吸蔵材料。
(3)該セリアジルコニア複合酸化物の平均結晶子径が15nm以下である、(1)または(2)に記載の酸素吸蔵材料。
(4)(i)水溶性セリウム塩と、
水溶性ジルコニウム塩またはオキシジルコニウム塩と、
アルキルカルボン酸および/またはアルキルカルボン酸塩である錯化剤と、
金属酸化物粒子と、
を含む水溶液を調製する工程と、
(ii)(i)の水溶液にアルカリ性水溶液を加える工程と、
(iii)(ii)の水溶液混合物を150℃〜220℃の温度に0.5時間〜72時間保持して沈殿により固体生成物を生成させる工程と、
(iv)該固体生成物を500℃〜700℃の温度に1時間〜5時間保持した後、さらに700℃〜1100℃の温度に1時間〜5時間保持する工程と、
(v)さらに該固体生成物に昇温還元処理を行う工程と、
を順次含む、(1)に記載の酸素吸蔵材料の製造方法。
パイロクロア相を有するセリアジルコニア複合酸化物は、還元状態でCe3+であるCe2Zr2O7、酸化状態でCe4+であるCe2Zr2O8、およびこれらの中間の化学式を有することができ、Ce2Zr2O7〜8で表すことができる。
また、この酸素吸蔵材料は、ジルコニア粒子をコア、セリアジルコニア複合酸化物をシェルとするコアシェル構造であってもよい。
水溶性ジルコニウム含有塩としては,オキシ硝酸ジルコニウム、オキシ塩化ジルコニウム、オキシ酢酸ジルコニウムなど、その他の無機塩類を使用できる。
後段階として約600℃以上、約650℃以上、約700℃以上、約750℃以上、約800℃以上、約850℃以上、約900℃以上、かつ約1300℃以下、約1250℃以下、約1200℃以下、約1150℃以下、約1100℃以下、約1050℃以下、約1000℃以下、約950℃以下で、約1時間以上、約2時間以上、約3時間以上、かつ約7時間以下、約6時間以下、約5時間以下、約4時間以下であることができる。
(工程1:合成工程)
生成するセリアジルコニア複合酸化物微粒子においてCe/Zrのモル比が1.0となるような量のCeとZrを含むように、オキシ硝酸ジルコニウムと硝酸セリウムアンモニウムとジルコニア粒子の混合水溶液を作製した。すなわち、7mmolの(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6と7mmolのZrO(NO3)2、そして14mmolのC17H33COOK(いずれも和光純薬製)を100mlのH2Oに溶解し、比表面積12m2/gのジルコニア粒子(製造メーカー:東ソー(株)、品番:TZ0)を加えた。さらに、25wt%アンモニア水20mlを加えてpHを12に中和して沈殿を生じさせた。この沈殿を200℃に24時間保持して水熱処理を行い、生成した沈殿物をろ過もしくは遠心分離工程により固液分離後、乾燥した。
(工程2:熱酸化処理)
(工程1)で得たセリアジルコニア複合酸化物微粒子を、空気中において、600℃で3時間焼成後、さらに(a)800℃または(b)1000℃で3時間焼成した。
(工程3:昇温還元(TPR)処理)
(工程2)で得た試料を0.1g用いて、昇温還元処理装置(メーカー名:(株)ヘンミ計算尺、型番:BP−1S)により、水素5体積%−アルゴン95体積%ガス流通下(流速:30ml/分)で、昇温速度10℃/分で、室温から800℃まで昇温させながら還元処理を行った。同時に熱伝導度検出器(Thermal Conductivity Detector,TCD)を用いて試料中から放出されるO2によって消費されるH2の量を測定した。
(工程1)〜(工程3)を行った。
Pt微粒子の担持を含侵法により行った。Pt源として、4.5wt%ジニトロジアンミン白金錯体硝酸水溶液を希釈して用いた。Ptナノ粒子の担持量を担体に対し1.0wt%となるようにし(工程1)で得た試料を水溶液に加えた。攪拌しながら120〜150℃に昇温し溶媒を蒸発させた。得られた乾燥物を解砕して500℃で2時間焼成した。放冷後、焼成物を解砕し触媒粉末を得た。
そしてこの試料に、(工程2)〜(工程3)を行った。
14mmolの(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6を60mlのH2Oに溶解した水溶液と、有機保護剤として14mmolのC17H33COOKを60mlのH2Oに溶解した水溶液を準備し、Ce塩水溶液に実施例1の(工程1)で用いたジルコニア粉末を、モル比で、Ce:Zr=(a)2:8、または(b)1:9の割合になるように混合した。上記2つの液体を合液し攪拌しながら、25wt%のNH4OHを10ml加えて中和した。得られた分散体をろ過、洗浄し、フリーズドライを施し、CeO2ナノ立方体がZrO2に担持された材料を得た。
次に、このCeO2がZrO2に担持された材料を用いたほかは、実施例2と同様の手順でPtを担持した比較例1の試料(a)、(b)を得た。
そして、上記(工程2:熱酸化処理)の温度を800℃として、この試料に(工程2)〜(工程3)を行った。
上記(工程1)の試料において、ジルコニア粒子を加えず、かつ温度を400℃として(工程2)のみを行い、(工程3)を行なわないで、比較例2の試料を得た。
実施例2において、比較例2の試料を用い、さらに(工程2)〜(工程3)を行っていない点を除いて、実施例2と同様の手順でPtを担持した試料を得た。
セリアとジルコニアの含有モル比(CeO2:ZrO2)が50:50のセリアジルコニア固溶体粉末を調製した。すなわち、先ず、CeO2換算で28質量%の硝酸セリウム水溶液49.1gと、ZrO2換算で18質量%のオキシ硝酸ジルコニウム水溶液54.7gと、ノニオン系界面活性剤(ライオン社製、商品名:レオコン)1.2gとをイオン交換水90ccに溶解し後、NH3が25質量%のアンモニア水を陰イオンに対して1.2倍当量添加し、共沈殿を生成し、得られた共沈物を濾過、洗浄した。次に、得られた共沈物を110℃で乾燥した後、1000℃で5時間大気中にて焼成してセリウムとジルコニウムの固溶体を得た。その後、前記固溶体を粉砕機(アズワン社製の商品名「ワンダーブレンダー」)を用いて平均粒子径が1000nmとなるように粉砕して、セリアとジルコニアの含有モル比(CeO2:ZrO2)が50:50のセリアジルコニア固溶体粉末を得た。
測定装置(メーカー名:(株)ヘンミ計算尺、型番:BP−1S)により、上記の昇温還元処理後に、酸素パルス法を用いて、アルゴンガス流内に酸素をパルス状に導入して、600℃で、酸素を実施例および比較例の試料に吸着させた。同時に酸素の総吸着量に基づいて、酸素吸着量(酸素貯蔵能量:OSC)の測定値を得た。
上記実施例および比較例の試料について(工程3)および酸素吸蔵能(OSC)評価がそれぞれ、合計で1サイクルずつおよび2サイクルずつとなるように行い、それぞれサイクル1回目、2回目として、上記TPRおよびOSC処理での値を測定した。
実施例1〜2、および比較例1〜3の試料について、酸素吸蔵能(OSC)評価を行った結果を、表1に示す。
(工程3)後の実施例1(a)、(b)、実施例2(a)、(b)の結果を、それぞれ図3(a)〜(d)に示す。図3(a)〜(d)中の1回目、2回目は、サイクル評価におけるサイクル数を表す。
図3から解るように、実施例2(a)の試料は80℃から(図3(c))、実施例2(b)の試料は100℃から(図3(d))TPRで水素消費がみられ酸素貯蔵(放出)能を発現した。
XRD(メーカー名:(株)リガク、型番:RINT)を用いて、実施例1(b)の試料について、XRD測定を行ったところ、単斜晶系ZrO2の回折線に加えてCeO2(固溶体)に帰属する回折線を観測した。
フィールドエミッション電子銃を装着した日本電子製JEM−2100F(加速電圧:200kV)を用いて、実施例1(b)の試料を測定したところ、ジルコニア粒子上に粒径約10nmのセリアジルコニアナノ結晶の微粒子が形成されており(図1(a)、(b))、その格子像から、基本格子の約2倍の周期で秩序化したパイロクロア相の生成が観察された。
図1(c)(d)中の粒径範囲は、下限の範囲超かつ上限の範囲以下、例えば左から2番目の棒は5nm超10nm以下を表す。
図1(c)から、上記複合酸化物では、個数基準で、結晶子全体の97.1%が25nm以下、74.3%が15nm以下にあることが判明した。
実施例1(a)、実施例1(b)、実施例2(a)、実施例2(b)の試料についてラマン分光器(メーカー名:日本分光、型番:MRS−3100)によりラマン散乱を測定したところ、酸素吸蔵能(OSC)評価の前後ではCeO2相(均一固溶体)の460cm−1におけるラマン強度の低下およびブロード化が見られた(それぞれ、図2(a)、図2(b)、図2(c)、図2(d)))。
これはCe−O結合数の減少、結晶の対称性の低下などのCe−O結合の変化、すなわち、(工程3)におけるCe3+であるCe2Zr2O7相や酸素吸蔵能(OSC)評価によりCe4+であるCe2Zr2O8相になりラマン散乱にあらわれたことを示している。
(工程3)を経て得られた、実施例1(b)、比較例4の試料について、400℃での(工程2:熱酸化処理)の後、再び(工程3:昇温還元処理)を行った。各試料の温度に対するH2消費速度(H2Oの生成速度)を、図4に結果を示す(それぞれ図4(a)、(b)に対応する)。
これに対し、実施例1(b)の試料では、約300℃もの低温から酸素が放出されH2Oが生成し、酸素放出によるH2O生成速度の最大ピークが約550℃にあり(図4(a))、比較例1より、非常に低い温度からでも良好に酸素を放出できることが判明した。
微粒子になると低温で酸素が出てくる原因は、酸素が固体外に出るために必要な拡散距離が微粒子が小さくなるとその半径を容易に上回るためである。上記の結果から、本発明の態様に係るセリアジルコニア複合酸化物において、450℃未満で酸素貯蔵能を発現する規則相を有するセリアジルコニア結晶子の理論上の結晶子径の上限を、以下算出した。
D=D0exp(−ΔE/RT)、ここでD、D0は拡散係数(m2/秒)、ΔEは活性化エネルギー、Rは気体定数、Tは温度(K)である。
文献(F.Dong et al.,Catal.Today,90(2004),223−229.)によれば、バルクの規則相セリアジルコニアからの酸素拡散係数は411℃において7.77×10−22m2/秒であり、活性化エネルギーは19kJ/molであり、D0は2.20×10−20と計算される。
一方実施例1(b)では、約300℃(図4(a))から酸素放出が観測されたことから、同様に計算するとD(実施例1)は4.07×10−22m2/秒となる。
Claims (1)
- ジルコニア粒子と、
その上に担持されたセリアジルコニア複合酸化物と、
を有する、酸素吸蔵材料であって、該セリアジルコニア複合酸化物が、パイロクロア相を含み、10nm〜22.9nmの平均結晶子径を有し、かつ該セリアジルコニア複合酸化物中におけるCe/Zrのモル比が0.90〜1.10である、酸素吸蔵材料の製造方法であって、
(i)水溶性セリウム塩と、
水溶性ジルコニウム塩またはオキシジルコニウム塩と、
アルキルカルボン酸および/またはアルキルカルボン酸塩である錯化剤と、
単斜晶系ジルコニアと、
を含む水溶液を調製する工程と、
(ii)(i)の水溶液にアルカリ性水溶液を加える工程と、
(iii)(ii)の水溶液混合物を150℃〜220℃の温度に0.5時間〜72時間保持して沈殿により固体生成物を生成させる工程と、
(iv)該固体生成物を500℃〜700℃の温度に1時間〜5時間保持した後、さらに700℃〜1100℃の温度に1時間〜5時間保持する工程と、
(v)さらに該固体生成物に昇温還元処理を行う工程と、
を順次含み、ここで結晶子径とは、TEM観察画像により測定した結晶子における最大直径をいい、平均結晶子径とは、TEM観察画像による35個の結晶子径の平均値をいう、方法。
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